Professional Documents
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LOW CRAWL
1. WHEN THE ROUTE YOU HAVE SELECTED PROVIDES COVER AND CONCEALMENT LESS THAN ONE FOOT HIGH 2. WHEN THE TERRAIN YOU ARE CROSSING PROVIDES GOOD ENEMY OBSERVATION 3. WHEN SPEED IS NOT REQUIRED
HIGH CRAWL
1. WHEN YOUR MOVEMENT ROUTE PROVIDES GOOD COVER AND CONCEALMENT 2. WHEN POOR VISIBILITY REDUCES THE POSSIBILITY OF YOUR BEING SPOTTED 3. WHEN THE TERRAIN OR VEGETATION ARE ONLY SUITABLE FOR THE LOW CRAWL, BUT SPEED IS REQUIRED
RUSH
1. WHEN YOU MUST CROSS OPEN AREAS. 2. WHEN TIME IS CRITICAL.
Low Crawl
High Crawl
Rush
Wall Obstacle
Wire Obstacle
Most infantry operates in "Fire Teams" of three to four men, with two or three such teams to squad. When attacking, each man in the team has a specific job. 1) Fire team leaders control the fire of their soldiers by using standard fire commands (initial and supplemental) containing the following elements: Alert, Direction, Description, Range, Method of fire (manipulation and rate of fire), and command to commence firing 2) The Automatic Rifleman (or light machine gunner) tries to pin the enemy down. 3) The Grenadier (armed, usually, with an M203 or the equivalent) does two things: helps the automatic rifleman isolate the enemy position, and looks for an opening to shoot a grenade at it. 4) One or two men, under cover of the Automatic Rifleman and Grenadier, attempt to close with the enemy position and kill the enemy.
WEDGE FORMATION
IS THE BASIC FORMATION FOR THE FIRE TEAM THE INTERVAL BETWEEN SOLDIERS IS NORMALLY 10 METERS EXPANDS AND CONTRACTS DEPENDING ON TERRAIN WHEN ROUGH TERRAIN AND POOR VISIBILITY OR OTHER FACTORS MAKE CONTROL OF THE WEDGE DIFFICULT - NORMAL INTERVAL IS REDUCED SO THAT THE TEAM LEADER CAN SEE HIS OR HER SQUAD - THE SIDES OF THE WEDGE CAN CONTRACT TO THE POINT WHERE THE WEDGE RESEMBLES A FILE WHEN MOVING IN LESS RUGGED TERRAIN WHERE CONTROL IS EASIER, SOLDIERS EXPAND OR RESUME THEIR ORIGINAL POSITIONS
TEAM LEADER
TEAM LEADER
AUTOMATIC RIFLEMAN
GRENADIER
AUTOMATIC RIFLEMAN
GRENADIER
RIFLEMAN
RIFLEMAN
AUTOMATIC RIFLEMAN
GRENADIER
RIFLEMAN
CONTROL FLEXIBILITY
SECURITY
EASY
GOOD
GOOD
ALLOWS IMMEDIATE FIRES TO THE FLANKS. MASK MOST FIRES TO THE REAR
LEAST
SQUAD FORMATIONS
SQUAD FORMATIONS DESCRIBE THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FIRE TEAMS IN THE SQUAD. THEY INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: SQUAD COLUMN SQUAD LINE
SQUAD COLUMN
IS THE SQUADS MOST COMMON FORMATION IT PROVIDES GOOD DISPERSION LATERALLY AND IN DEPTH WITHOUT SACRIFICING CONTOL, WHILE FACILITATING GOOD MANUVERABILITY WHEN THE SQUAD MOVES INDEPENDENTLY OR AS THE REAR ELEMENT OF THE PLATOON, THE RIFLEMAN IN THE TRAIL FIRE TEAM PROVIDES REAR SECURITY
(PASE) RIFLEMAN
SQUAD LEADER
TEAM LEADER
GRENADIER RIFLEMAN
AUTOMATIC RIFLEMAN
SQUAD LINE
TEAM LEADER
TEAM LEADER
AUTOMATIC RIFLEMAN
GRENADIER
AUTOMATIC RIFLEMAN
THE SQUAD LINE PROVIDES MAXIMUM FIREPOWER TO THE FRONT. WHEN THE SQUAD IS ACTING AS THE BASE SQUAD, THE FIRE TEAM ON THE RIGHT IS THE BASE FIRE TEAM
SQUAD FILE
IS USED WHEN NOT TRAVELING IN A COLUMN OR LINE HAS THE SAME CHARACTERISTICS AS THE FIRE TEAM FILE SQUAD LEADER CAN BE MOVED FROM NORMAL POSITION TO THE FIRST OR SECOND POSITION: - TO INCREASE CONTROL OVER THE FORMATION - EXERT GREATER MORAL PRESENCE BY LEADING FROM THE FRONT - IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE TO MAKE KEY DECISIONS ADDITIONAL CONTROL OVER THE REAR OF THE FORMATION CAN BE PROVIDED BY MOVING A TEAM LEADER TO THE LAST POSTION.
SQUAD FILE
TEAM LEADER SQUAD LEADER (OPTIONAL) GRENADIER AUTOMATIC RIFLEMAN RIFLEMAN SQUAD LEADER (NORMAL) TEAM LEADER GRENADIER AUTOMATIC RIFLEMAN TEAM LEADER (OPTIONAL) RIFLEMAN
SQUAD FILE
EASIEST
ALLOWS MAXIMUM IMMEDIATE FIRE TO THE FLANK MASKS MOST FIRE TO THE FRONT AND REAR
PLATOON FORMATIONS
PLATOON FORMATIONS CONSIST OF THE FOLLOWING - PLATOON IN COLUMN - PLATOON LINE (SQUADS ON LINE OR IN COLUMN) - PLATOON VEE - PLATOON WEDGE THE LEADER SHOULD WEIGH THESE CAREFULLY TO SELECT THE BEST FORMATION BASED ON HIS MISSION AND ON METT-T (MISSION, EQUIPMENT, TERAIN, TROOPS AVAILABLE AND TIME AVAILABLE) ANNALSIS
PLATOON COLUMN
IS THE SQUADS PLATOONS PRIMARY MOVEMENT FORMATION IT PROVIDES GOOD DISPERSION BOTH LATERALLY AND IN DEPTH AND SIMPLIFIES CONTROL. THE LEAD SQUAD IS THE BASE SQUAD. NOTE: METT-T WILL DETERMINE WHERE CREW SERVED WEAPONS WILL MOVE IN THE FORMATION. THEY NORMALLY MOVE WITH THE PLATOON LEADER SO HE CAN QUICKLY ESTABLISH A BASE OF FIRE
PLATOON IN COLUMN
TL GRN R SL TL AR GRN AR
LEAD SQUAD
R
X
FO MG CREW FO RATELO
MG CREW TL
LEGEND PLT LDR PLATOON LEADER PSG PLATOON SERGEANT SL SQUAD LEADER TL- TEAM LEADER GRN- GRENADIER R RIFLEMAN AR- AUTOMATIC RIFLEMAN RATELO RADIO / TELEPHONE OPERATOR MG CREW MACHINE GUN CREW AID MAN COMBAT LIFE SAVER
GRN R SL
AR
CENTER SQUAD
R
GRN AR TL
TL GRN R SL TL AR GRN R AR
TRAIL SQUAD
AR
GRN
GRN
AR
AR
GRN
GRN
AR
AR
GRN
GRN
AR
SL
SL
SL
X
R
FO MG CREW FO RATELO
MG CREW
CENTER SQUAD
SQUAD LEADER (SL) POSITIONS HIMSELF WHERE HE CAN BEST CONTROL THE SQUAD
PSG PLATOON SERGEANT GRN- GRENADIER RATELO RADIO / TELEPHONE OPERATOR SL SQUAD LEADER R RIFLEMAN MG CREW MACHINE GUN CREW
PSG
CENTER SQUAD
LEGEND PLT LDR PLATOON LEADER TL- TEAM LEADER AR- AUTOMATIC RIFLEMAN AID MAN COMBAT LIFE SAVER PSG PLATOON SERGEANT GRN- GRENADIER RATELO RADIO / TELEPHONE OPERATOR SL SQUAD LEADER R RIFLEMAN MG CREW MACHINE GUN CREW
PLATOON VEE
HAS TWO SQUADS UP FRONT TO PROVIDE A HEAVY VOLUME OF FIRE ON CONTACT ONE SQUAD SERVES AS EITHER OVERWATCH OR TRAIL FOR THE OTHER SQUADS FORMATION IS HARD TO CONTROL MOVEMENT IS SLOW THE PLATOON LEADER DESIGNATES ONE OF THE FRONT SQUADS TO BE THE PLATOONS BASE SQUAD.
TL
TL
PLATOON VEE
GRN R R
GRN
AR
AR
SL TL GRN R AR
X
FO
SL TL AR GRN R
FO RATELO
MG CREW
MG CREW TL
GRN SL TL R
GRN R LEGEND PLT LDR PLATOON LEADER TL- TEAM LEADER AR- AUTOMATIC RIFLEMAN AID MAN COMBAT LIFE SAVER
AR
CENTER SQUAD
PSG PLATOON SERGEANT GRN- GRENADIER RATELO RADIO / TELEPHONE OPERATOR SL SQUAD LEADER R RIFLEMAN MG CREW MACHINE GUN CREW
PLATOON WEDGE
HAS TWO SQUADS IN THE REAR THAT CAN OVERWATCH OR TRAIL THE LEAD SQUAD PROVIDES A LARGE VOLUME OF FIRE TO THE FRONT OR FLANKS. IT ALLOWS THE PLATOON LEADER TO MAKE CONTACT WITH A SQUAD AND STILL HAVE ONE OR TWO SQUADS FOR MANEUVER. THE LEAD SQUAD IS THE BASE SQUAD
PLATOON WEDGE
AR
TL GRN SL R
LEGEND PLT LDR PLATOON LEADER PSG PLATOON SERGEANT SL SQUAD LEADER TL- TEAM LEADER GRN- GRENADIER R RIFLEMAN AR- AUTOMATIC RIFLEMAN RATELO RADIO / TELEPHONE OPERATOR MG CREW MACHINE GUN CREW AID MAN COMBAT LIFE SAVER R
TL GRN AR
TL AR SL TL GRN R AR GRN R
MG CREW
TL AR
SL TL GRN R AR
PLATOON FILE
SINGLE PLATOON FILE WITH A FRONT SECURITY ELEMENT (POINT) AND FLANK SECURITY ELEMENTS. USED WHEN VISIBILITY IS POOR DUE TO TERRAIN, VEGITATION, OR LIGHT CONDITIONS. DISTIANCE IS LESS THAN IN OTHER FORMATIONS, TO ALLOW COMMUNICATION BY PASSING MESSAGES UP AND DOWN THE FILE. HAS THE SAME CHARACTERISTICS AS THE FIRE TEAM AND SQUAD FILES
PLATOON FILE
TL AR GRN R SL
X
FO
TL GRN AR R
TL AR
MOVEMENT TECHNIQUES
A MOVEMENT TECHNIQUE IS THE MANNER A PLATOON USES TO TRAVERSE TERRAIN. THERE ARE THREE MOVEMENT TECHNIQUES: - TRAVELING - TRAVELING OVER - WATCH - BOUNDING OVER WATCH THE SELECTION OF A MOVEMENT TECHINIQUE IS BASED ON THE LIKELIHOOD OF ENEMY CONTACT AND THE NEED FOR SPEED MOVEMENT TECHINQUES ARE NOT FIXED FORMATIONS. THEY REFER TO THE DISTANCE BETWEEN SOLDIERS, TEAMS, AND SQUADS THAT VARY BASED ON MISSION, ENEMY, TERRAIN, VISIBILITY, AND ANY OTHER FACTO THAT AFFECTS CONTROL. SOLDIERS MUST BE ABLE TO SEE THEIR FIRE TEAM LEADERS. PLATOON LEADER SHOULD BE ABLE TO SEE HIS LEAD SQUAD LEADER LEADERS CONTROL MOVEMENT WITH HAND AND ARM SIGNALS. RADIOS ONLY WHEN NEEDED. ANY OF THE THREE MOVEMENTS CAN BE USED WITH ANY FORMATION.
CONTROL MOORE
FLEXIBILITY LESS
SPEED
SECURITY LEAST
TRAVELING
FASTEST
TRAVELING OVERWATCH
CONTACT POSSIBLE
LESS
MORE
SLOWER
MORE
BOUNDING OVERWATCH
CONTACT EXPECTED
MOST
MOST
SLOWEST
MOST
NOTE: THE PLATOON LEADER WILL DIRECT WHICH MOVEMENT TECHNIQUE THE SQUAD WILL USE
TRAVELING
USED WHEN CONTACT WITH ENEMY IS NOT LIKELY AND SPEED IS NEEDED
TEAM LEADER
AUTOMATIC RIFLEMAN
GRENDIER RIFLEMAN
GRENDIER RIFLEMAN
TRAVELING OVERWATCH
USED WHEN CONTACT WITH ENEMY IS POSSIBLE ATTACHED WEAPONS MOVE NEAR THE SQUAD LEADER AND UNDER THIS CONTROL SO HE OR SHE CAN DEPLOY THEM QUICKLY.
TEAM LEADER GRENDIER RIFLEMAN
AUTOMATIC RIFLEMAN
+ 50 METERS
GRENDIER RIFLEMAN
BOUNDING OVERWATCH
USED WHEN CONTACT WITH ENEMY EXPECTED OR A DANGER AREA MUST BE CROSSED THE LEAD TEAM OVERWATCHES FIRST SOLDIERS SCAN THE AREA. SQUAD LEADER USUALLY STAYS WITH THE OVERWATCH TEAM. THE TRAIL FIRE TEAM BOUNDS AND SIGNALS THE SQUAD LEADER WHEN HIS TEAM COMPLETES ITS BOUND AND IS PREPARED TO OVERWATCH THE MOVEMENT OF THE OTHER TEAM BOTH TEAM LEADERS NEED TO KNOW: - IF SUCCESSIVE OR ALTERNATE BOUNDS WILL BE USED AND WHERE WHICH TEAM THE SQUAD LEADER WILL BE IN. - ROUTE, DESTINATION, POSSIBLE ENEMY LOCATIONS, ACTIONS TO TAKE WHEN THEY ARIVE AT THEIR DESTINATION, AND HOW HE OR SHE WILL RECEIVE HIS OR HER INSTRUCTIONS. THE COVER AND CONCEALMENT ON TH BOUNDING TEAMS ROUTE DICTATES HOW ITS SOLDIERS WILL MOVE
TRAVELING (PLATOON)
THE PLATOON LEADER DETERMINES AND DIRECTS WHICH MOVEMENT TECHNIQUE THE PLATOON WILL USE. TRAVELING IS USED WHEN ENEMY CONTACT IS NOT LIKELY AND SPEED IS NEEDED
PLATOON HQ / WEAPONS
+ 20 METERS
+ 20 METERS
TRAVELING OVERWATCH IS USED WHEN CONTACT IS POSSIBLE BUT SPEED IS NEEDED THE PLATOON LEADER MOVES WHERE HE OR SHE CAN BEST CONTROL THE PLATOON THE PLATOON SERGEANT IS FREE TO MOVE THROUGHOUT THE FORMATION TO ENFORCE, NOISE AND LIGHT DISCIPLINE, AND DISTANCES BETWEEN SQUADS THE LEAD SQUAD USES TRAVELING OVERWATCH AND THE TRAILING SQUADS USE TRAVELING.
+ 50 TO 100 METERS
PLATOON HQ / WEAPONS
+ 20 METERS
+ 20 METERS
(CONT.)
THE REQUIERMENTS OF THE MISSION WHERE THE ENEMY IS LIKELY TO BE THE ROUTES TO THE NEXT OVERWATCH POSITION THE ABILITY OF AN OVERWATCHING ELEMENTS WEAPONS TO COVER THE BOUND - THE FIELDS OF FIRE AT THE NEXT OVERWATCH POSTION INSTRUCTIONS FROM PLATOON LEADER BEFORE THE BOUND THE DIRECTION OR LOCATION OF THE ENEMY THE POSITONS OF THE OVERWATCHING SQUAD THE NEXT OVERWATCH POSTIONS THE ROUTE OF THE BOUNDING SQUAD WHAT TO DO AFTER THE BOUNDING SQUAD REACHES THE NEXT POSITION WHAT SIGNAL THE BOUNDING SQUAD WILL USE TO ANOUNCE IT IS PREPARED TO OVERWATCH -HOW THE SQUAD WILL RECEIVE THEIR NEXT ORDERS MACHINE GUN PLACEMENT, THE MACHINE GUNS ARE NORMALY EMPLOYED IN ONE OF TWO WAYS. - ATTACH BOTH GUNS TO THE OVERWATCH SQUAD(S) - ONE MACHINE GUN WITH THE OVERWATCH SQUAD AND THE OTHER WITH THE BOUNDING SQUAD. THIS TECHNIQUE REQUIRES TH GUNS TO MOVE BETWEEN THE SQUADS AS THEY LEAVE THE OVERWATCH TO JOIN THE BOUNDING SQUAD.
- STREAMS: SELECT A NARROW SPOT IN THE STREAM THAT OFFERS CONCEALMENT ON BOTH BANKS. OBSERVE THE FARSIDE CAREFULLY. EMPLACE NEAR AND FAR-SIDE SECURITY FOR EARLY WARNING. CLEAR THE FAR SID, THEN CROSS RAPIDLY BUT QUIETLY - WIRE OBSTACLES: AVOIDE WIRE OBSTICALES (THE ENEMY COVERS OBSTACLES WITH OBSERVATION AND FIRE). CROSSING OF DANGER AREAS: WHEN A PLATOON CROSSES A DANGER AREA IT MUST -DESIGNATE NEAR AND FAR SIDE RALLY POINTS -SECURE THE NEAR SIDE (RIGHT,LEFT FLANKS, AND REAR SECURITY). -RECON. AND SECURE THE FAR SIDE -EXECUTE CROSSING THE DANGER AREA.