I

2006

2006


1. ..............6
2. - ..........7
3. ...........7-11
4. ..........11-14
5. .....15-16
6. ......16-17
7. ......17-18
8. ....18-23
9. .....23-27
10. ...27-28
11. .....29
12. .....30-32
13. ........33-35
14. .....35-36
15. ..............36
16. ......37-40
17. .......40-47
..............................48-59
18. ...60
19. .....61


Allium sativum L.

:Monocotyledoneae

:Liliaceae

:Allioideae
2n = 16
: ,
:Garlic, :Ail, :Aglio, :Ajo, :Knoblauch.


1.
,
.
, ,
, ,
-,
( C6H12S5) --). ,
,
, ,
,
, ..
. ()
, 1.
,
.
1. 100 .

(mg)

/ 1 2 C Ca Fe Mg P Na K
() %
137

61

(.)

(.)

(.)

7,5

0,5

30,8

0,20 0,11

0,7 15

24 1,7 32 195 10 540

2.
, ,
Vavilov ,
. ,
Allium Iongicispis, ,
.
, ,
, .
2780-2100..
.
,
. ,
.
. ,
2000 . ,
,
, 16 . Chancer 1340 .., ,

.
3.
, .
.. . , ,
, .

. , .. .
.
. ,
.
, , , , .. ,

 . , . , . .
(), ,
,
, , .. ,
, . ,
, 393.000 15.000 417.000

44.000 , .

. 160.000 120.000
. , ,
.

,
, 2. ,

1980 ,
.
.
, ,
.
3 . 1.

 2.
1980-2002.

1980

23.259

12.811

3.944

3.286

18.050

12.160

4.080

3.630

15.169

10.565

3.720

3.050

11.460

8.795
3.375

1989

1999

2000

2001

3.670

2002

11.304

11.104

4.128

3.074

10.373

8.770

3.620

2.980

3. :

1.500

-----

1.400

200

1.050

200

740

-----

700

-----

700

-----

-----

270

-----

200

-----

195

. 1:

.
(27%), (34%)
(21%). - = 82%
.

10

 (, . , ),
, , ..
1982-83
(200-300 ./ ), .
1987 .

4.

, , , ,
.
,
.

, , ,
.

11



.
, ,
.
( )
, ,
(. 2.).
, ,
, , , ,
, ,
. ,
,
().

. 2. . ( )

12


, , ,
( ) ,

(. 3).
, .

.

. 3.
.
.
.

.
(Sprout leaf), 1-2

13

 , ,
. ,
,
. ,
74% , 4,5% , 20% .

(45-60 .). (. 4).
,
.
.

. 4.

14

5.
5.1
, .

. ,

(. ).
, ,

.

5.2
,
, , 45-60 .
, .
.
, ,
. ,
.

, .
pH = 6-7.

, ,
,
. .

15


.
6.
6.1

, ,

( ) .
,
, .
, .
6.2

.
,
(),
. 1.000 ,
5 , 1,5 25 3 2.
,
,
. ,
7-9 , 9 25 8 2.
.
.
,
, ,

16

 (16-20-0), 50-65 /.
,

( ), 10-13 .
3-5 . .
10-18 /
, ,
. 10-12 205/
,
. .

7.

. ,
, .

, .

. ,
,
.

- ,
.
, 6-8 ,
. ,
. (
- ),
.

17

 ,
.
8.
(),

. ( ).
,
, .
8.1
.
. ,
,

. , ,
, , ..
50%,

.
,
Ditylenchus dipsaci.
,
, .
, ,
( . ).
,
, ,
.

18

8.2
,
, .
10 C, 4.5 C
18 C.
. ,
4.5 C ,
,
,
.
, .

. ,
,
10 C,
.
,
.

19

8.3
,
.
, .
,
, ,
(. 5.).
,

. 5. .

20

 .
.
,
, .
, 50 100 Lds
, ,
(
) .
,
, .

21

8.4
15 - 20 .
,
30- 35 .
, 8 -10 15 . ,
( ).
, 4-8 .,
.
.

) , .

. ,
( ), .
(. 6).

. 6. .

22


.
2,5-5 .
( ),
.
90-250 /,
( ).
, 70-85 % .

9.
9.1
,
.
, .

. ..,

,

.
9.2
,

23


, .

.
. ( )
) Butralin (Amex EC): 240-360 ./.
, .
.
) Chlorthal-dimethyl (Dachtal): 600-1.100
, 50 .
,
.
.
) Pendimethalin (Stomp 330 E): 130-200
25-50 .
, .
5%. .
) Prometryne (, , ..): 100-150
./. .
.
.
.
. ( 3-5 )
) Alloxydim (): 110-150 ./.
1-4 ,

24

. .
.
) Ioxynil (Totril): 65 ./.
3
(80-100 /.). .
) Linuron (Afalon ..): 50-75
40-80 . 3-5 .
.
.
) Methabenzthiazuron (Tridunil): 140-175
15-20 .
2-4 .
.
.
9.3
, ,
, ,
.

,
. , .

.
, .
, ,
30-60 .

25

 . ,
10-15 . .

.
.

.
(. 7).

.

. 7.
.
.
(
),
. ,
,

,

.

26

9.4
,
.
, .
,
,
.
5-9 /. ,
, ,
, .
10.
4.000-4.500 ,
() ().
, .
(75%) (
). 3.000-5.000
800-1.000 . ,
. .
.
,
,
, .
(. 8).
( ) ,
. ,
,

.

27

 , 15 . ,
.

. 8.
, (
)

, .
, .
,
,
, . (2-3),
0-1 C 90-95 % ..

28

11.


25 C, .
, ,


. 0-10 C 3060 ,
.
25 C .
, ,
, ,

.

,
.
,

,
,
, .
,
. ,
, ,
.
20C ,
.

29

12.
6-8 ,

,

,
. 80%
, .
.
()
(. 9.1-9.2).
, (cutter
bar),

. 9.1 . .

30

. 9.2. .
.

.
, ,
,
(. 10.).
.
, ( + )
.
,
.

31

 , ,
,
.
( ..),
.

. 10.
.

32

13.

.
.
,
(. 11,12). ,
, 1-2
. ( ) 2-3 . ,
.
, ,
.. ,

.

33

. 11. .

. 12. .

34

. 13. .
,
,

. ,
(
11,12).
(. 13).
14.
,
,
0C
60% . ( ). ,
70% .., ,
.
5C,

35

 . ,
25 C,
, .
6-7 .
15.
0.5-1 .
(), 20-30.000/.
1.5-1.75 /.
,
. 4
, .
. 4.
.( )
.

. (/)

8,8

17,6

566

/ 146,7

146,7

, 44

/. 19000

29,3

14,6

50

14,6

20,5

73,3

0,07
1282

36

16.

.
.
.

()
,
. ,
, , ,
, ,
, .. ,

(A. Sativum), ,
,
.
,
. ,
, .

, ,
( )
.
,
.
,
(. 14).

37

. 14:
, ,

, Allium ampeloprassum.
,
,
, ,
.
.
California Late:
. .
California Early,
. 50%
.
California Early:
California Late

(. 15).

38

 .
, .
California Early ,

. 15: California Early.

2-3

California Late
. 45 % .
Creole:
,
. California Early.
Creole
. , Creole
.
() 60-90 .
Creole 5% .
Chilleno Formozan Creole

39

 . Egyptian ( )
Creole, Chilleno Formosan
, .
17.

(Hylemia antiqua ) (Thrips tabaci).

1). : (1 .)
(. 16).
.
.

. 16.

40

 ,
.
2). :
,
(. 17).

. 17.
,
.
, .
, .

41

 ,
.. ,
.

(Gryllotalpa vulgaris) (Acrolepia assectella)
(. 18).

. 18.

, (Peronospora
destructor) (Puccinia porri).
1). : ,
.
,
().
. - .
,
.

42

 (13 C)
.
: ,
, , : , ,
, , Ridomil, ..
, ,
(
), ,
.
2). : puccinia allii. O
() . (. 19).
.
, , , ..
.

.
. 19. .

43


: (Urocystis cepulae), (Sclerotium
cepivorum), (Botrytis allii), (Aspergillus niger )
(Fusarium oxysporum) .. (. 20,21, 22).

. 20.

. 21.

. 22. .

44

3). .( Helminthosporium allii )

,
( ) . (. 23,).
. , ,
, .
4). . (Pyrenochaeta terrestris).
.

, ,
. (. 23,)
. 23.
:
-. ,
(
).
-. ,
( ).
-. ,
.

(Ditylenchus dipsaci)
, ,
.

(. 24).

45

 ,
.
,
. ,


, , .

, .

, .
1 % 0.1 %
(detergent).

. 24. Ditylenchus dipsaci.

46

 ,
2-2,5
. 49C.
, 50C
, 49 C
. 49C 20
.
, ,
:
-
, Liliaceae.
- ,
,
.
- ,
.
-
, ,
( ).
17.1.
,
(waxy breakdown). T
. ,
. ,
, .
.

.
, , .

47

2.

48

2.1.

,
.

.
C,
, .

.

.

. . 3.000 . .
,
.

. 400 ..
, , ,
,
,
. ,
,
.
.

.
19 . 1665

.

49

 , , ,
.
,
, ,
(. 25).
.

,
.
,
, ,
( ).
,
.

. 25. .

50

 ,
,
. . 26
. (
).

. 26. .
,
.
, , ,
.

,
, ,
,
. ,
,
. , ,

51

 , ,
,
.

.
,
,
. ,
.

.., 10-25
. . 27
.

. 27. ,
.

52

 ,
,
, . ,

. ,
30% ,
(
) , ,
, .
,
. ,
, ,
. ,


.
. ,
,
.
, ,
,
.

53

2.2.
New Scientist,
.

(allicin) MRSA.

allicin. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
. allicin
,
.
,
, , alliinase
, alliin. , .. ,
,
allicin.
.
,

.
, alliinase,
,
. , alliin.
,
allicin, . ,
,
.

54

 Weizmann Institute
.
. 28,
, .

. 28. ,
.

,
,
.

.
1969
.

55

 American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,

30%
,
(
). , ""
50%,

, , . ,
,
.
,
.
,
.
""
MRSA, ,
Journal of
Biomedical Science.
allicin
,
RSA (
),
2.000 . MSRA
,
,
, .
,
200 ,
.
allicin
,

56

 , .
MRSA

.

.

2.3.

13

Annals of Internal Medicine.
, ,

, ,
(. 29).

. 29. .

57

,
16mg/dL . To ,

200 mg/dL. , ,
,
.
,
.
,
, ,
.
,
sintrom panwarfin

, Garlic
,
(. 30).
.

.

58

. 30. Garlic ,
, .

59

18.

,

, .
,
,
.

.
,
.

.

60

19.

1.

Bird Richard, Growing Fruit & Vegetables, . 120-121.

2.

.., 1998. . . 98-104. .

3.

den Jack, 1989. , . 91-97,

.

4.

Houdret Jessica, Practical herb garden, . 103.

5.

Lavelle Christine ant Michael, The Organic Garden, . 162.

6.

, , . 61-69

7.

. . 1994, , . 143-182,
. .

8.

. , . 323-326

9.

, 9, 1997,
, . 26-89. .

10.

www.garlic.mictral.c0.uk.

61