eContetplus Project

Organic.Edunet

eContentplus programme

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

eConteplusProject
Organic.Edunet

:
1.

MSc

2008

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

- .....

....

...

cherry tomato.....

...

.....

...

.....

..

........

........

.....

11

...

13

......

14

14

........

15

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15

......

15

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15

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16

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17

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17

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19

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21

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21

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22

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23

.......

23

.....

23

......

23

.....

23

...

24

....

24

......

25

..

26

.....

26

.....

27

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

......

27

Polyphagotarsonemus latus..

28

Aculops lycopersici...

29

.....

29

....

30

.........

30

Pythium spp.....

31

......

31

........

31

......

32

- .....

32

....

33

....

33

.....

33

.....

34

....

35

....

36

..

36

....

37

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37

....

38

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38

39

39

....

40

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40

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40

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40

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40

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41

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41

....

42

...

43

...

43

.......

44

.........

45

.........

45

......

46

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

: Lycopersicon
esculentum Mill.
: Solanaceae
()

1:

- :
,
18
.
.
.
.
.
.
cherry tomato.
16
, 2
.
17 .
19 .
.


.

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

:

( ),
( ), , ,
.
:

( <3 cm)

( 3-5 cm)

( 5-8 cm)

( 8-10 cm)

( >10 cm)

:
1920

,
.
cherry tomato:
Lycopersicon esculentum var. Cerasiforme,
.
3 cm 10-25 gr.
.
,
( 50 /
).
.
(Cluster).

.
:

3-5 cm 50-60 gr.

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

.
cocktail. .
:
5-8 cm.
Saladette
.
.
:

. 8-10cm >10cm
.
>180 gr.

, , , ,
, , , ..
.
:

,

.

, 400
1.

CPVO

(Community

Plant

Variety Office).

48
.

, .
( ), ( ),

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

, ( ),
( ), ( ),
,

),

), , ( )
..

15

10

20

19

16

12

25

24

14

3
11
4
7
1
26
2
4
8
5
4
5
7
5
9
4
3
2
6
17
9
1
6
6
5
4
1

397

1:

,
, , ,
, , -200 .

,

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

.
:
, , .
( )
, .
C
.
( )
.
()
.
, .
:
C
.

2:

94,8 %
3.2 g (1%)
1.2 g (2%)
0,2 g (0%)

(Ca)
(Fe)
(Mg)
()
()

0,5 mg
0.5 mg
8,0 mg
29,0 mg
212 mg

C


6

1496 IU
16 mg
0.1 mg

(a)
(Zn)
(Cu)
(Mn)

42,0 mg
0.1 mg
0.1 mg
0.1 mg

2: 100g

:
, , .
,
.

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

.
( ).

.
.
, .

.
2:

3-5
.
.

.

. ,

.
2-20 ,
. 6-8 / .
7-9 .

3 .
2
. ,

10

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

.
cherry .
3:

4:

,
. 3-5 mm.
:
, ,
,
( ), (
) (
).

11

Quantity
(g)

No of
Authorizations

Ace 55VF
Aegean
Alma
Amore
Anath
Arletta
Astor
Beatrice

52
14
66
7
2
3
1
70

6
1
5
2
1
1
1
3

Beaufort
Belladona
Big red
Bison
Calliope
Camelia
Carina
Carla
Cherelino
Cherry Belle
Cherry husky
Cherry Winner
Clodin
Darline
Delphi
Dual Early
Dundee
Duquesa
Early Spring
Electra
Ernesto
Erophily
Floradade
Florina
Formula
Francoise
Gabriela
Galli
Glodin

30
316
3
5
10
11
20
5
22
3
1
3
590
8
21
5
23
3
9
194
22
84
25
20
144
7
7
1318
8

3
35
1
1
1
3
1
1
6
3
1
2
11
2
3
1
2
1
1
14
2
6
1
1
17
1
1
26
2

Variety

Total

Quantity (g)
426776

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

Variety

Lemance
Lora
Manthos
Meteor
Molina
Mondial
Motril
Mountain
Spring
Naomi
Napoli VF
Naysika
Noa
Olympe
Olympia
Orco
Piccolo
Pitenza
Premium
Preveza
Rally
Red Cherry
Rio Grande
Roxane
S. Marzano
Saba
Sakura
Sandin
Semina
Seny
Shany
Triana
Tyrmes
Velocity
Verona
Hector
Iron
Jakarta

Quantity
(g)

No of
authorizations

3
17
6
19
25
30
71
80

1
1
1
2
2
1
5
5

1
2100
20
28
15
12
3
6
3
134
34
83
2
2
40
240
7
1
50
37
8
7
400
47
9
13
7
46
9

1
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
10
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
2
4
1

No of authorizations
270

3:
. ,
(
).

12

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

2005


3.
:

16C .

13,5C),

, .
, 27C ,
30C .
/ , , ,
, 27C/20C
21C/15C .
5-7C.

24-27C,
, 18-23C 14-16C .

10-13C 10 () - 20 ()
.
7-9
( )
.
14C
.
.
.
,
. pH 6-7.

13

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

:


.
50C 25 .

.
( )
.

.
3-4 .
.
( )
2
.
. 3-4
.

,
.
0,5 cm. 2
(
)
.
:

(,
).
(
),

( ).

14

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

,
80-100 cm,
45-50 cm. 2000
.
,
50-70 cm,
,
80-100 cm. 45-50 cm.
2000 .

(50-90 cm)

:

.
.

.
, .
()
.

.
:

(,

.
:
:

15

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

. ( )
, ( ),
.
1

.

.

(SWP 30 kPa).

.
.

.
,
.
.
, , C

.
:
. EC
< 2-2,5dS/m ,
EC = 8-9 dS/m .
(EC <4-6 dS/m)
10-25%
,
.


.
.

16

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

.
.
,
.

,
,
( ).

Na+.
a. 0,7-1 %

.

.
,
. (shelf life)
.
:
12 /.
39,6 (), 10,8 P ( 24,8 25)
45,6 K ( 71 2).
:
(),
(), (), (Ca), (Mg), (S).

(Fe), (Zn), (Mn), (B), ()
(Cl).

.
.

17

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

.
.

.
.
,
,
, .

.
.
,
, pH
.

).

(
).


.
. .

.
.
, .

.
,
.

, .

18

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

,
, ( ) .

,
.
,
(Blossom-end rot, BER)
.

.
.

.
.

. () (Mn)

.
,
.
.
,
.
.

.
.
.

.
.
.
.

19

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

.
, .
.
:

.

.
.

, ,
.
.

. pH
,
.
(pH=4,7-6,3).

, , ( ) .


.

,
.
( 30C)
.

. 10-13C
, ,
7-10C .

20

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

,
.
(
) 5 6 .
4.

N
P
K
Ca
Mg
S
Fe
Mn
Zn
B
Cu
Mo

ppm

2,00
0,20
2,00
1,00
0,25
0,30
40,00
30,00
20,00
20,00
5,00
0,20

2,0 - 3,5
0,2 - 0,4
2,0 - 4,0
1,0 - 2,0
0,25 - 0,5
0,3 - 0,6
40 - 100
30 - 100
20 - 40
20 - 40
5,0 - 10
0,2 - 0,6

3,5
0,4
4,0
2,0
0,5
0,6
100,0
100,0
40,0
40,0
10,0
0,6

4: ,
( 5 6
1 ).

:

.
:

.

,


.

, .
.

21

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

(2
).
,
10 cm
.
( ) ( )
30 cm .
,
,
.
,
. ,

.
.
,
,
2,5 cm.
.
,
,
, .
:

(
),
.
,
.

. ,
,
.

22

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

:

() (),
,
.

.
:
, , ,
, .
:
, ,
, :

o Myzus persicae ( ), Macrosiphum
euphorbiae ( ), Aulacorthum solani
: ,
.
,
.
.

.

.
:
, ,
( ).
Aphidius ervi
( ERVIPAR) Aphelinus abdominalis ( APHILIN).

23

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

Aphidoletes
aphidimyza ( APHIDEND).
o Heliothis armigera ( ), Spodoptera littoralis
()
: (), 2
() 2 . ()
.
,
2 1 8 .
() 1000
.
( )
. 2 3-5 .
:
,
,
.

, (
).
Bacillus thurigiensis. Macrolophus caliginosus
( MIRICAL), ,
.
o Liriomyza bryoniae, L. Trifoliae, L. huldobrensis
: ( 2mm).
( )
.
.
.

.
,
( ).

24

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

.
, ;
( ).

Dacnusa sibrica Diglyphus isaea
250 / /
Diglyphus isaea 250 / / .
o Trialeurodes vaporariorum ( ), Bemisia
tabaci ( )
: .

. .
,
Cladosporium (
)
.
.
:
, ( ),

.

.
Encarsia Formosa.
750
.
1500 .
10-15 ,
3000 .

25

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

Eretmocerus mundus. 3000 /

.
Mycotal
(Verticillium lecani) Naturalis (Beauveria bassiana)
o Thrips tabaci ( ), Frankliniella occidentalis (
)
:
.

( , , ),
.
.
.
.
:
,

,

( ).
o Agriotes spp. (), Agriotis spp. (),
Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa ()
: 3

. ,

.
.
:
, ,
.
,

26

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

,
.
o Nezara viridula
:
.
. ()
.
()
.
.
, .
, .
:
,

.
o Tetranychus urticae, T. turkestani
: 2
.
,
, .
12C .
50-90 .
10-40C ( 26-33C)
30-70% ( 30-55%).
7-30 .

.
.
,
.

27

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

:
, ,
( ).


, ,

.
20
/m2 Phytoseiulus persimilis ( Spidex)
. Feltiella acarisuga
( Spidend)
,
Phytoseiulus persimilis.
15-20
Macrolophus caliginosus ( Mirical-n)
o Polyphagotarsonemus latus
: ().
, ,
.
(18-30C) ,
.
4-10 (
). ,
, .
, ,
.
:
, ,
( ).

,
,

28

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

.
o Aculops lycopersici
:
.
.
26-28C 33-45%.
.
.
.
.
,
.
:
, ,
( ).

,
,

.
o
: 0,15cm,
.

. 15-21
.
25-28C .

.

.

29

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

:
,

.
(, )
(, , ).
. 2-3
(
)

.

o Phytophthora infestans
:

.
.

,
. .
.

(90%) (10C) 8 (
.
:
,
.

.

.

30

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

o Pythium spp.
:

.
.

,
, , .
:
.
() .
o
Phytophthora parasitica, P. citrophthora, P. criptogea, P. capsici
: ,
, .

, .
.
18-30C.
:
Pythium.
o Rhizoktonia solani
:
, , ,
, .
.

.
,
.
.
1520C.

31

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

: ,
Pythium.
o Fuzarium oxysporum f.sp. radicus-lycopersici
: ,
,
.
,
.
,
, ,
.
18C.
:
.
.
.
,
.
o - Pyrenochaeta lycopersici
: , ,
.
,
. .
15-20C.
:

,
.

.

.

32

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

o Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
: , ,
, .
.
.

() ( ).

.
:

. 3-4

.


o Sclerotium rolfsii
:
( ) .
.


( ).
, pH (30-35C).
:

.
o : Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f.sp.lycopersici,
Verticillium dahliae
:
.

33

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

.
,
.
2
.

. ,
.
:

.
3-4 ,

.
( )
.
o Alternaria alternate f.sp. lycopersici, Alternaria solani
:
.
.

.

( ) , .

. ,
, ,
.
, , .
:

.

34

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

( ).
,
.
,

.
o Botrytis cinerea
:
,
. ,
.
,
.
, .

, .
.
, .
(
) 15-20C.
( ) .
,
(, ).
:
.
(
).
,
.
,
( ).
,

35

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

,
.
o Leveillula taurica
:

.
.
25C
( 75%).
: ,
.

.
o Fulvia fulva (Cladosporium fulvum)
:
.
, (
),
( ) .
.
: ,
.
.
.
15-25C
( 70%).

,
.
.
.

36

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

.

.

o Clavibacter michiganesis subsp. michiganesis
: ,

.
.
, .

, .

, .
,
,
( ).

(24-28C).
:

.
, .

.

. 3 ,
.

(50C)
25 .

37

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

o Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato

: ,
. .
,
.
. ,
, ,
.
.
.
,
.
25C 80%.
:

.
, .

.

. 3 ,
.

(50C)
25 .
.
o Ralstonia solanaceatum
: ,
( ),
. ,
.
( ).

38

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

.
(30-35C) .
:

,

.
5-7 / .
o Xanthomonas vesicatoria, (Xanthomonas campestris
pv. Vesicatoria)
:
.
.
Ralstonia solanacearum. .
.
:
,
.
o Pseudomonas viridiflava, Pseudomona corrugate,
Pseudomonas cichorii, Pseudomonas fluorescens biovars I II, Erwinia
carotovora subsp. Carotovora
:
, .
,
.
.
()
, .
,
.
:

(
),
.

39

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

o
(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, TYLCV)
:
.

.
(,
, , , ).
(Bemisia tabaci).
:
.
,
, ,

( ).

.
.
o (Tomato chlorosis virus - ToCV)
(Tomato infectious chlorosis
virus - TICV)
: 2
.

.
.
.
: , TYLCV.
o
(Tomato spotted with virus, TSWV)
: , .
,

40

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

(Thrips tabacci).
.

.
:
.
o
(Tomato bushy stunt virus, TBSV)
:
, , .

( ),
( ).
(
) .

5-7
.
:
, ,
( 1 )
.
o (Tobacco mosaic virus, TMV)
: ,

( ).

.
,
(, ).
,
.

41

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

,
.

, ,
( - ) .
:
, , ,
, ( ),
-
, ( )

( ).
o (Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV)
:
, .

, ,

( ).

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,
( ) (
). ,

( ) .
:
,
,

).

42

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

o (Tomato vein yellowing virus,

TVYV)
:
, .

.
.
:

o
.
o
o , , .
,
,
.


,
(
)
o
().
o ,

.
o (Blossom - end rot).
, .
,
.

43

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

.
o .
, ,
, ,
.
o
.

.
o .

.
o .
.
:


, (
).
5:

.
.
2-3
.

44

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

:
1.8 ,
3,5 .
3,5-4,5 /.
7 9 /.
:
.

85-90%
10-13C 15-17C ,
.

45

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

Ciufolini C., (1979). , , ,

.
Cuthberison, Y., (2006). Success with organic vegetables, Guild of Master Craftsman
Publications LTD, pp.159
Davies, G. and Lennartsson, M. (2005). Organic vegetable production, a complete
guide, in Association with the Henry Doubleday Research Association, The
Crowood Press, pp.350
Denckla, L.K.T., (2003). The gardeners A-Z guide to growing organic food, Storey
Publishing, USA, pp. 485
Denckla, ., (2002). , - - - , , .
Diver, S., Kuepper, G. and Born H. (1995) Organic Tomato Production. Horticulture
Production Guide. ATTRA - National Sustainable Agriculture Information
Service, http://attra.ncat.org (PDF 416 KB)
Dodson, M., Bachmann, J. and Williams P. (2002) Organic Greenhouse Tomato
Production. Horticulture Production Guide. ATTRA - National Sustainable
Agriculture Information Service, http://attra.ncat.org (PDF 384 KB)
Drost D. (2005). Practical Solutions for a Complex World, Tomatoes in the Garden,
Utah State University http://extension.usu.edu/files/publications (PDF 160 KB)
Parnell, L.T., Suslow, V.T., Harris, J.L. Tomatoes: Safe methods to store, preserve
and enjoy. University of California, Division of Agriculture and natural resources.
http://www.ag.auburn.edu/ (PDF / 281KB)
Pears P. and Stickland S. (2001), ,
, , .
Pears, P. (2001). Encyclopedia of organic gardening, The complete guide to natural &
chemical gardening. The Henry Doubleday Research Association, pp. 416
Pittenger, R.D., Garrison, F.N., Geisel, M.P. and Unrun, L.C. (2005). Growing
tomatoes in the home garden. University of California, Division of Agriculture
and natural resources. http://www.ag.auburn.edu/ (PDF / 437 KB)

46

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

Splittstoesser, W.E., (1979). Vegetable Growing Handbook. AVI Publishing

Company, Westport, Connecticut
(2007). . &
, 10: 94-105
., (1996). . .
. .
., (2003). .
. .
.. (2007). .
& , 10: 88- 92
. , & ,
, .
.., (1998). . . .
. ,
, 1999-2006.
.. (2000). , , .
-, ., -, . (2007).
. , . & ,
10: 155-163
, . (2007). . &
, 10: 107-114
, . (2007). .
& , 10: 73-84
.., (2001).
. . .
.., (1994). .
.
.., (1994).
.
-, ., -, ., (2007).
. , . & ,
10: 15-22

47

eContetplus Project
Organic.Edunet

, . (2007). ( )
.
& , 10: 132-135
, . (2007). .
. & , 10: 24-28
, . (2007). . &
, 10: 30-36

http://www.uga.edu/vegetable/tomato.html

48