1

Chap. 11 Balanced Three-Phase

Circuits
Contents
11.1 Balanced Three-Phase Voltages
11.2 Three-Phase Voltage Sources
11.3 Analysis of the Wye-Wye Circuit
11.4 Analysis of the Wye-Delta Circuit
11.5 Power Calculations in Balanced Three-Phase Ckts
11.6 Measuring Average Power in Three-Phase Circuits
Objectives
1. Y-Y
2. Y-
3. ()

Practical Perspective
2






Y-Y, Y-, -Y -

11.1 Balanced Three-Phase Voltages
3

a (a-phase voltage)
b (b-phase voltage)
c (c-phase voltage)
abc (abc phase sequence)
(positive phase sequence)
b a 120
c a 120
acb (acb phase sequence)
(negative phase sequence)
b a 120
c a 120
: 120
o
11.2 Three-Phase Voltage Sources
4

Y

(neutral terminal)
Y n
Three-Phase Source with Winding Impedances
5

Y-Y
Y-Y
11.3 Analysis of the Wye-Wye Circuit
6
Y-Y
Z
ga
, Z
gb
, Z
gc

Z
la
, Z
lb
, Z
lc

Z
A
, Z
B
, Z
C

?
Conditions for a Balanced Three-phase Circuit
7

1. V
a'n
, V
b'n
, V
c'n

2. Z
ga
= Z
gb
=Z
gc

3. Z
1a
= Z
1b
= Z
1c

4. Z
A
= Z
B
= Z
C



=0
= 0

I
aA

I
bB
, I
cC

Single-phase Equivalent Circuit
8
I
aA


I
aA

V
AB
, V
BC
,V
CA

V
AN
, V
BN
,V
CN

Line-to-line Voltages & Line-to-Neutral Voltages
9
abc()
acb()


30
3
Line-to-Neutral
Voltages
Line-to-line
Voltages
abc()
acb()
30
Line Voltage, Phase Voltage, Line Current & Phase Current
10
(line voltage)
(phase voltage)
(line current)
(phase current)
|
V|, I|, Z|, P| Q|

Y

= line-to-line voltage
= line-to-neutral voltage
A

= line-to-neutral voltage
EX 11.1 Analyzing a Y-Y Circuit
11
A balanced three-phase Y-connected generator with positive sequence has
an impedance of 0.2 + j 0.5 O/| and an internal voltage of 120 V/| .The
generator feeds a balanced three-phase Y-connected load having an
impedance of 39 + j 28 O/| . The impedance of the line connecting the
generator to the load is 0.8 + j 1.5 O/| . The a-phase internal voltage of the
generator is specified as the reference phasor.
a) Construct the a-
phase equivalent
circuit of the system.
a-phase equivalent
b) Find I
aA
, I
bB
, and I
cC
.



EX 11.1 Analyzing a Y-Y Circuit (Contd.)
12
c) Find V
AN
, V
BN
, and V
CN
.


d) Find V
AB
, V
BC
, and V
CA
.

e) Find V
an
, V
bn
, and V
cn
.

f) Find V
ab
, V
bc
, and V
ca
.








11.4 Analysis of the Wye-Delta Circuit
13
A-to-Y transformation
a-phase equivalent

Line Currents & Phase Currents in A
14
acb()


30
3
Line Currents
abc()
acb()
30
abc()
Phase Currents
EX 11.2 Analyzing a Y-A Circuit
15
The Y-connected source feeds a A-connected load through a distribution having
an impedance of 0.3 + j 0.9 O/| . The load impedance is 118.5 + j 85.8 O/| . Use
the a-phase internal voltage as the reference.
a) The a-phase equivalent
b) The line currents I
aA
, I
bB
& I
cC

c) The phase voltages at the load terminals

AY
EX 11.2 Analyzing a Y-A Circuit (Contd.)
16
d) The phase currents of the load
e) The line voltages at the source terminals
Check!
11.5 Power Calculations in Balanced
Three-Phase Circuits
17
Average Power in a Balanced Wye Load
Complex Power in a Balanced Wye Load
18
Power Calculations in a Balanced Delta Load
19
Instantaneous Power in a Three-Phase Circuit
20
v
AN

u
|
p
A
, p
B
, p
C

p
T

EX 11.3 Calculating Power in a Three-Phase Y-Y Circuit
21
Consider the circuit described in EX 11.1 .
a) The average power per phase
delivered to the load
b) The total average power
delivered to the load
c) The total power lost in the line


d) The total internal power lost in
the generator
e) The total number of magnetizing
vars absorbed by the load
f) The total complex power delivered
by the source
Check!
EX 11.4 Calculating Power in a Three-Phase Y-A Circuit
22
Consider the circuit described in EX 11.2 .
a) The total complex power delivered to the A-connected load
b) The percentage of the average power reaching the load
From EX 11.2
99.25%
687.74
682.56
=
EX 11.5 Three-Phase Power with an Unspecified Load
23
a) The a-phase equivalent
A balanced three-phase load requires 480 kW at a lagging power factor of
0.8. The load is fed from a line having an impedance of 0.005 + j 0.025 O/|.
The line voltage at the terminals of the load is 600 V.
b) The magnitude of the line currents

EX 11.5 Three-Phase Power with an Unspecified Load (Contd.)
24
c) The magnitude of the line voltage at the sending end of the line

d) The power factor at the sending end of the line
11.6 Measuring Average Power
in Three-Phase Circuits
25
n
n
p = v
1
i
1
+v
2
i
2
+ + v
n-1
i
n-1

(electrodynamometer wattmeter)
(current coil)

(potential coil)

The Two-Wattmeter Method
26
V
CB

1.0.5

2.0.5

3.0.5

4.


EX 11.6 Computing Wattmeter Readings in Three-Phase Circuits
27
a)
Calculate the reading of each wattmeter in the previous circuit if the phase
voltage at the load is 120 V and (a) Z| = 8 + j 6 O; (b) Z| = 8 j 6 O;
(c) Z| = 5+j53 O; and (d) Z| = 1075

O.
c)
b)
d)
Check!
Transmission and Distribution of Electric Power
28
3.6 MW
3.6 MVAR
13.8 KV0.6
+ j 4.8 O

(nominal value) 5.8 %

13 kV 14.6 kV