g+ura_!

gl_pt_v# qle
_u #Z
\ - N e 3 U n i g u u n e s s :N o b g o ; ; $ I o r l $
2- r.,lrg /ia[: Grnpcrnll5)nof Tr,sIsrr" 66.1
y- ie"a /tn['.tts iffq.gpad
li,_ n.6qas
4- r./ca /in(: Dc,nun/G, no* Crrsr<certJss,_2ply
5 - x , i e 5l l a f : P . i c - c s?
WirLl,
C- rreS f.i/tl,:lr\re'- t qorrty
-7 -
iltg /inf ".xrot cj.,s rJ,t:rl (mltns+rpq,6{,,y()
8 N.i Linlc'.Vo hcs ,,nor-gL rat gc,';
Q - v e g z i 4 J 1: f , p 1 k , n
- ,be, t,=crl in {o<ft:r,e:
lo t'/"j I'n k: ttcl i.r:, id p:rl repbt u.m:rtI'
 onigvneas Ne6Nat &s M

$otura\ 3os pilces in $c&A Arrerica 66a

slabte d<tz to lAe €.cf fAqt the price dog5
mf ticrck tllc* 6{ oil o.nA omdcrclicyrc.s/s orq
nelcrhve\,1(orr.
lnSmoflona| E^efg,t Aq'arcv. rhc t€\ rvqtocc.(
g9:_99se1l;;-9ed1, rqqa r.bb Z-

c
5Z
Over the pastfes terls the 8is nr:rrlietin Nodh {mence has dcreloptd tonardsr commodrry
nrrtket Crs la.(\ xrr prim:nh iLrcJ rs a functrtrnofg:s to grs Lr(rmpelrrion
rnJ ihoi tern
r h r n ! ( s r n s 4 , I ) j \ a r r r dl c n r , r n J . r rncr ' ) r eo r i e s i r m n r r d t e \ r e i ) c c t r or n s p o rg . r ,p n c e s: 1 , , n
ramr aonlr:rcts,rrelhe iule rrlher tlrrn the erccplron T|e long trrm conlncb thrr exisl often
N6 pircs conurn referc'nces ro sonre||'pc oi spnt g,s prrte indlca(of Thc Noni Anreric:]ngrs merket
ca{. (,ffer sucl)a ! rne(\ of giri conrrJ.ts rhlr ir ls very J iffrcuhro give ] ..,rrple(e o\'enrr\' In spitr

(e {rv*I,, o l t i r r :f a c t( l u l F J Jt L r! r s ( o n r f ' c t L r r r, ,: nr m p o n r n lt, r rp r r c ef o m r : t u r nt.h c r er sn o d ' r o l l r h l t t h e

l r r . s o f ? h f l o . r r i \ ri l e l s i r i , ( ] , L ) .,rflt j o i l p n l L a r ! s t r l li n f l u e n . er h . rg r s p a c . r n t { ) n r !c a i e s
Stc,tle
I g n o u n gr c g i o ] l Jdl r J h r ( n ( e sl h c l ) r i i eo f c o i t l r n r e n a r nh L r l ka p f L . a i i o l t (j o i i l i l u r f t 3 k r : i l o l
fl{)orpricc for nrtun l g:r' On th otirer hr n{j, the price oi oil prcnju(s constilutc's r cerln3 for
,1.1'pri.cs in s.jnc rlfl.x(Lon; lr No I Ameri(atlr.r. rs srilJa srzdbl. forearrrl [,.'rjho( Irr
' , r . r r . l ) i o {Bk f r t i r r r j l l p n J " r i r . r ; , , 1i r q I l ) r } r cn t r r i i . l s r g : r c n t sn ' l r r e t l r r r s r l r . i r , t . c ' r l
Fil,rdu.!pr.ef nrli cub rn upl rrrl nrnd in g;' pnces This nrrn! (h3t ur pt'l d. of lo..r oil
pn.ts g.rsl)ricer$ill be consrfuined. rherers in penod of high orl prices.g3r fn.$ $rll not
ne.cssrdlr tn.k .rJ J)rifts

lnrrc rs no surr)reriphnr(rrni!,.rrlr. Jr.l lh. rllt pnce )erelof g.rsn Nodh Anri..l r.rrJ. to L\-
l.r\\cr lhr n ir rhr rq o otherOICI ) rigr(n)srhoughrelrvrnt fuL1ors
odudr relrlilch ]r\\ lqlLr(1i(nl
()JF (rhcgre3rerprn of producuonu(ts pl:rie onshor) dle lont h$(on of thega\ irxlun4 $ hnl)
rmlller l |ilh sh.rk of amonistdf.rciJrtres,
a coo4r.rLrrfe. pi\'3le nldun^ q h 5lrcngur.fnri\'esior
(6t I|ducli.rnrrLrJ.r r.qul.tk) krorr1\,rrkcl..nr.rlrJt! elfr.i.nt ()frarl|nr of th, Lnludr\
 L\nK-rJP€,!4r' 6ae DA

C-rngarie rnitt qoitdc {o rtatoe.o( 6as bvatx;t it ea1ife less cq crd

d\F prilutrrrts llron ceher ft"sit fueja
-lnter^aAbMt
Energy Abprlc, TAe lEA Noto,-ql 6". Se(,Jri€ySd-dv
-
Y\qs.Po,ee\23

Nrtural gas is a lo\v emitler of c2rbon dioriille becausegas hrs onl) l' o thrlds lhe cadoD
contenl pcr unlt o[ rnergr a5 does ((,Ji, an.l a iarg,:rshrre of tlrt enct6t (,!iput t.sulis 1..'m
h ) d r o g e nb u r n i n F( l E d O i C D . l t t i l l a k e n togrther $rth thc hrghercol|ersion tfficicncie,
COt emrssion\fr,)rnCCCTsirt r|f,ro\in3l.l) ll3lf r' Lrrle 15 ll,f orissronsfrcm conrenlton:l
G.np nre:
corl hr€d ll3nts
LJ,\\ do6t {6
lre e ^,6 b.Y. N r l u r . r tl r i r J - \ rl' c r l o r n , i r ( l ' t \ . ] l s r t ] ] f t ' l l ! 1 _ ln ) r r r p o l l L r l . r r nSst l l l l r t r ld r n r : i , i ri n i l d r r \ l
'it
is c lo- emissi(nFare ne8|grlte, ril(i NO. tmrssrons!lt onl) r( uShli ;r tlL,.rntrol lhoseirf cLnltnrionrl
tnrt( er corl tlrnrs. Lialilie.o:il. g,r( uft in LCG'll\prirLlucfsn,, sold rr.rc. shri| t|nlnrr.\ Ilrc need
l o r s - r s t rs l o t a g ci n r Jl h r l , , t e a r r . r! rl r , r m i l r r e r l , o J l ' r l u r i r r . ' L r i l ; . 9 - ' : rI:l. i ' , r l ! J ' r c n r l r . i r n t l l
t23 redua.'scoollng$etcr hett lossrs Tlr.'it (h:lrJ(lcris{rc\Inrkt il 1,lt3ilo nx'ci larllei! sel orlt b/
( n \ ' i r . n D r $ t r l; r n d , l . i n r u l e S i s h r ) o |

L
 l\nk-r.Jer Nof 6as D{

$e- e-,>itd^6 noCual

6qs qs o^ en€fby sor rce ls
{irs"tts beratse c->3 o{real7
u:el(
deveropel
for- gc^sdr,ff"reis
lnte.rrrqlionat Energy Lgency the aE0\ r./o*urq(
,
g_"::*y_9q4., rqa6,D6s.E\-rL

Mqrket lri 8r\ in lun^ r N, nlrAnrtnrri, rnm,r,r\1elsnnlurr 6:tsproducrion andc.nsLr,rltron

ln
Development I llrr I nnedsi:rtes
lerk.'d in 19ll buliell:ubnanri;Llll 19,i'.ll] lhar!.ir qrsdei^tredro
.rnlrl
qnd Sectorql I
,'rr)5!n.rs rr or)lrlhrre,qurners oi rtslr;l le!t]] H.\elcr s r. ltla ti.k hasbten,
Compo:ition I
.,,jr:\lnr grorlh
I rn gesconsuntption (lirritCi
bothrn the l-'nil,rdStiI..:rn.l Thisgil)!]ihhas

(J5 dcfonrrriDi urlllrerdpriirs rnl a rcsltuiuring r'f rhe n;nr:l

l\{ &,
l I . t . s I , / r Ilil r , r n ( r \ l r j l h.$ ,t8ain,Lif,roa.hrjth,rle\rl rr ftach.,
Rrrefih rcnl consrrnprror:
i^€oshoctv rf i 5
i u r L r n ( ll , ' - l
w{ \\ dt!"e\ofea
{ur rr r- - \ r r ) r .l-! i - : i | e r c r r , . . ! lc o n D o s r r r .onf g r i r o n s u n r p r r ornn r h e L i i l r J S r i r r cl.i , r ia l s oc h n g - ,
q r L r rd, n n l . I r l . . r l l u l h r r e i sr c s r . l r n { r i l r n d . o r n J l l r r . i r l gcr !o n - s u I l i f l r ra).nL r L r n l ei L
d l l . i JI r r , , .
_lr"
r n: 1 ' i - : t h r L fi h . r r . sh J d x r . r c r t e J( , )
: : : . i l 9 . , , r r , l L r ,r N l r ) r r - , ' s 3 ; e l , l , ) t ) 1h. r L , ] l l .
tl,r rletrn:rnl of nJurtrl s s|;r,: Thii d.lrlopnrent rs rellecteJrn thc nLrn,lrr of cusl,im.,,
e\-rr \ r h r i h r j ' : r i r r f J f r r ) 1 : t n r i j l i o ni n I t l : t o i 7 . 8 m i l l o n r n 1 9 9 - l T h t c h a n g er n m r d c
. o i 4 r o ! L t i ! , i0L r sr n ] d r t h . p r o \ r \ ( ) no f s e , : L r r l : r nrde l r r l ' 1g. r s n r l 0 | e t t \ ( i r m o r ec h : l e n ! n i
, i r . f r L , ! ( l - r n Lr ,l r r r r t t r . r l i , r . u n r c r s . r t m o r c r r J r t c r r b l t t o s u p p l r d r s r u p l o nrrh r :
:r'u.rr:.rlir':,,:::*..r:rl.r;rrlrrr,r;t.1.:lrnJug.rsi.r,.lurdf'ai.urcrngr'.cn(rmedAllli.
i :Jrere.rd.nri:Ll*\ r,,r rre frrn,.ricrc.rs rn la9l. lll6'r oi Ll-i,rr (r.s silr'r tr thc cofitrrr..
, 1 r o r r n J 5 l , i r ! ( , i r r , i . rsl : l i : t , r t l r e r n J u s t r r :sl . . t L t r, \ r r t L n L c r r u 0 l r:bJl ir j . , , r ) go l u r . i r
!ir:rrs.Ihe sl):rreof ntrrruptrlle 3,rl.s,rll..r^ ro h.rl. in.ra:ii!J 111 t|r (oJii,irr.i3l scd.r hl
Jr.fincd rn ll)e rndustnrlscctrx o\'er.rll,inr.yruliil)le |olunre: lLr|e incr.3,(J since l'rl ir
. 1 u n h o i : r r p l l l t i ' , i \ . . l ] l 1 5r sJ r n \ l ) o n . r d t nt rs.
r rf \ c ) o l r ' r r ) r 'sr irtn. l ( u \ o i r n t u n - l r t r i ,rl o
o n e ( ) f l | ! ' m . 5 t r l ) ( , r t r nil\ 3 1 s. r f r n e c l n gs u p p l )d i i r u P t u ) n s

t
LNU I \ro / ve\ r. t).l i t-l r.Jqc{

I \nY-- r.Ieal/of 6c,s-DA

-[o.-nU.A^ kner{car'5"s a4pties

Qrc)ect\ons
coill excer4
srbyesL tlvt denonA€" 5as
-oo"rllUl"
o*rpp\i*t,teading16 a tacss-spiLe
\n or\ ces.
aEA Nqtuml Gas
lnbecnatim ol EnerSYfuenc/i thr
Secu-1€b St dy, (qq5,lss 7&74
Tqble 3. | 7 Gos Boloncelor Norlh Americo{lcfl*

1992 20ro
Demond 2 32 1 25l7 2 85 3
l . d i g e n o L r sp r o d u c l i o n :
US l8 a8 20.06 2A 96
a48 53r 58
22 96 2 53 7 26.76
Supply Yei-to-be Secured O2 177

Possible importr {bcm)'

8 I
)2 l2
Nigef o l

l r o m 3 s c r u n l o f s u l l l t p o r n (o f r r e s , r h r f r g r r r . si n L h l ( , ] l - r f l r e i r rr e . l s s u r i n g
tL) i,f ttr ptrrr rhrrc couirl porrnri.rllr'h,: .r sitfl! sir{rlL_rs
O r e rr , o s r
{roUnd 101i ,t,.r. o ,n ,ppr,",
-7
3" 71, r l : r r l l r l l C r \ L r ii | t r $ f n . r i e r r t s . r r , i l l l t r r f i r c r c n t |r l l h f
! l . r \r r : [ k c t s , , , f o n l , , l n , . " o , r
' | ( , L r l ibl c t o $ i b 1 er o s u l . i r l lr l e r l . i ; r r . . : l r . o l r r n e sr i n e r d r d I n l h r
r 3 b l en . t r e d en ' h l r t e ; i r c . .
,JG l l l s b c . n a 5 l u f i r l r l h i s i \ c ] . . r r hf.D r . o r e ( r . i | e r e x r l r c r r l r s o J r )g! : r sl n d . r i l h L e r r c o
llE
pply t"i\\ I i L r r r i c | d )c \ i o r t s m r n o ir o l i r n r r so . \ l c r i i . D b L I i n r j ) r s r . o n d
h , : l io i r h e c , u l o o kp t n o C
",, Iierl.o corikl bfconre r ner .).lon.r Al p;es.nr |ou.tr.ri u Lsren rl,lfrcrlt ro
nol tt .rblp \1.l.os r:.rd!-srrr,Js.rs fin3n.ixlh n..f\j.r^. rn\cslnri|r\ roull hr(onrr a hn)itr g
dtrirnu.
frrtor
l6 lAC,"POg(
-t d,e,.nc'1,t-; lJrr possibi|fi of l-\/-] irnfors Inlo N,r.lir Aoten.:t hir( b.cn rndi.:tred lntpon .i
llic frcn
A j l c r i r r l r € d \ r : r l . : ;p l . r c co n r J n r i r e Js , r i c : r n r l, ; r l l c r r r r r r n L r c , : rsnndn l i v o l r r r e s
t grice5 Niginin LNaj proje.r itrle bccn contrriled In rd(jilron, llroc coujJ hr ING (lclj\enes
f r o mr l t c
from
\rneruelir andfrom Trin(led and Tol-r:g,,I,cfr,redtt rn,l of th,.ouriook pentrl
Ii ij eriJ)ecled
h o s e v e r t h e t L N C s u n t l i e sr i l l o n ] 1
1h1 ir \cn. |ni(d rolc rn rcl]l Nonli Amui.in !j\
suffirrs qnhin (hc rirnehori2onsruJird here BLrlil sll()Uldbc strrssedthrr l_li6 srpllies
ptr\
, srgnificantrol. in t.ts suppliesin sorrreregronsof lhe US.

I
 t-i.1.' 9lJ-1\'l

-N/ Naf

Pr.ce o€ rnfu,ll ga, t^i(t risg qs lAe- drnrr/

goe> op as rllortK Alner{con
3ao pricps
{-e€{ecl ctrcrenf rnack-p
t cmditi orts.
-IAt
lntemqlionql Energl ASencP IEA Nqtorc,(

C;ase ecucrtA Str-,d% ltQb, P2 86

Pricing Pi.fs in git\ .ontr?.rsrr Norrh,\merl.] arc in.reasillglrinde)iedro es..rl3t.r.rhrr rrflr,r iurt
In3IkL'lco.ditron: Iscirl]trona Ih slot or futureslrices fo! gasis :n.rit fre.]Lrenrbut reIttr1,.'

@ l.) athrr iuels.in pr i.uhr orl pro<iucrsare strll qtdcsprerd.Slo( rurkers rn g.rsqurtklt i.rrr,
Int(rh(in! ai TPAurr rnliiidu.r(l Jun ir frs \e.rs afttr rhe open :1,ress.r.Jrr. spotpact',
rllrji( lh3ni_, nnrkelsr efc rrplrned.Noneol lhescnt:rkrts hrd btcn r.rrr r I'trirrt oprn rif_
ther.-h:Ldlten oniv scru,:redspor rrrmclrt)ns rcconrprnringthe linrrcLl rr.ursponpr,,gttrr'
lfur frt.('l(d oo.n rrccss TIrt volumr of grs lrrnifl)nrd on h.h3ll of ( unonrei\ - 8r5nni
Nc pricrg ornrd h\ thr fiptlnr r(ise npidli reJ.hrng8!?r rn jusr a ies, \crrs .{s morr Ir\ lr.rd'
t . o, l \ t , btgan to trke pl.rie rn rhe spot m:rrket,pn.cs de.Lnecland bcarn ro conlergeo\rr t|( ntl{ork,

bl &nv^d A t r i . s o f s r L r ( | ch\ r \ s h o ( n r h r t s l r r p r i { E sb e c a n l ch r g h l ri n r e l l r r e lw r l i l n t u s t $ o f c r f s r
l o c : r r o n i : c r , , s r, h . n . r { ' ( ' k n r r . "
o p c r : i . ( f s - r \. i r h i . f o u r v e r r s i r e l df n . r s 3 t s . , t f i e r e d
(1.{lnllLnk.d th.rl ([ei ::rpprorcherl rnlon rionll effi.rencr 0r \'irJ]rrn.i \\llls ( ltlrl ni)k lhrl
tlrr pn'sr';riprrre at e:,1 lrlilr.rn irdlrs(edfor rnn5p,rncosr.reltrci. rh. r:rirg n.r1v;lLrtol!r'
rhrsr rh. rcononri,ni hirllnl.rrlioi ritr.rrnl .rl[{ rlrjl:
irr c!el pornl l.rrx. thr tntlrt nefi\'L)rk.

\ l r r k t r r t s p , o n : l r f . t . e i . r r r i n P l ) n r n rf , x - . e , u r i l o f s r p J , i rm l h . r ri l r . L r n . r r t r n l J J " r e : r l
'
3 l r , . . r r r l ,of f r f 3 i l 3 b l .g r i r l r I s h c , r r r g 'rl h . , i . \ \ h o n , e d l h e r r ( r I ( , . i \1, i i l , ! . r h l t1 , !, . 1 |
L L J L l utrl.tqcr e q L l r r dp r c t h o r l t t r! : , s r r 3 r k . s t u r h . r . h r , l p c r l l , r : : , r m m . r s l ] . i . t ! . ! l r r l r i
r r i ) t L l Jh l r r o r e l l r r i . r n l io n o ( l l c rL r i t i n r l , r : L . r u :gr a : p r i i c sr r c t r r r c : t - L l t r , rs l l . ' ttl' r '
r)rrktt drrelol-.nter)t5

5
I
 L\nY--nJte daf (-rasDA

on<-e.a/npani<; goi€cl-. to
. nolr,,.trl gos.,r,d
demord rlsp5, tle prics r,ri\\
atso iice
be.aL,se t\" p.,co o€ gas h Nacf(
Arnerico p6p.rv.ls qo\cLly fo changr5.
lnttrnatronal fnergt A€ency, 1}II-LCN tlcr*or.l
Gqs Secirtif V St.,.t9 rqqq,
'-t D^ <r
) e4 J

(-i
h r srluntr of \Llpfl\ con(an ( mrtht be arguedrh:rtthe l.rel ,,f tht lLuurrg.rt pri(c rn \"(h
Arn(rrir b lrjr |lr.tiienl llun .l5cqhere fi th( OECDlor rt lsr;t Inc, re.r.,:,r; h,)lh .upplr 'r'rJ
C ( m 3 n d? r c n o r c r e , g ) n \ r \ ' e
I ) p n r e c h r n g r rr n r h . r h L . rkl r r r l h J n r l r r $ h e n ' . s h r c h n r . ' r r ,
rJC-
prr(15 tlur pn.rt $Lll trkr (,rr of llre allir3rron or phl'sicalqr:rnlrrrts rn (r\ri !\hrrr theft rre
s|od.ursrndtlLekrdIIre:lordcrek4rr|tntofn,:rIrsrricnr)rre\lro(crH()$'.\erth.hil
( h r (d r . g r . l , r . e u ' L l i h . r \ ( ; . r r o r gr n l u c r r r e o nt l r c p o s r t r oonl l r r r r 't h . r n r r . t r b : h n r t r r : 1 . t .
li Jr,n.nd
i , r u r c , r r r l r i . c r r e r . ,s L ! n r f r c r n t

1 |'lL.i\ r rJr'sl)i(Jd,rlnLu !n lionh tuxcni.] rs th.rtrir."r:.r. rlrlet *Lli tghrrrr irf $,rh1: th.
lirrfi(,.irr,nL)ilh,'1:uJiOi<rtlxi)r5ll,rrr'€rr\.lfcl,n,rlr,ircrlrrrrr,i.rtrnrrn,ltnrrrorrnrcnt.rl

(
 I w\lL \-,(-te rJr- qL1

lin k- r,.leg n/ot Gas DA t) -'

1]abml gas
qltemvt;uu{or
cc,fllanipsla : ,^ 3tti6\e
saitcl, 4o becat,se- rr rs a.
rno.rnettam iel and .burns Clpcner thc,n
oi \ or- coo.{ .

Chr\3goPhe.Sinr.,o (ossecio{a p,-c€r-"566-o{ poU*icnt

sci ence c* the tlnlr,"u-sil6 o{ tuada- Ae^o), L\tenni/ir/p-
: fD(i{ica\/ (rsnomi c, and sociot F"c.s(ti{lfv . zc91
pn" 5 -to

E- 6 .:.p..t.d of nrerhlncgashurrnal,atso conrliusmallqLran_

\'-::,:l'-lrl:li,]ll
rcrtr).rik,clrlror)
g 5cs.\ucl):r\crhirl(:rrrcl CLrlr.c
Prs|xllg. rlj. rhe
,\ ! y)' \ l'l::.,1'j
u|1rIrd)rJlc\ c\trrct\ iltld D r J r k ( t r ; r l l r r o r i r l l l t e l l ] 0 t l j l l r t , r r( U b i ( f ( c t ( ) [
\ nJt_
ll.llill tlls otl ltt ttDrrull hlsir
"lf. IJ.,S.Cnutc Oit. NtuurutG,Lr.(utd Nett!tlttaus
f;, tte":\::..fll:,:.','h. Liclritls
cVu.o6{jt'''1,, .:.u.u'l Anttu.tl R.potr. tlrcreare 21.3 billio| brrrcisof crudepetlo_
t; r c u l ]t)| l f l r ) v ! ' r e s c r v ci s1 1
t h eU n i t e dS l a ! e a
s u dU . S .p r o r e c l o r l l c\s. h
, j c hi t r -
o,\ cludes allrloxinralcly 165 rnilliorrban.elsol cluclepetr.olcunr
(
reserves (rrs_
o\'ere{l in ?ft0J

has increasett rrenrendousll, over (hc lasl ru,o

L"::lrl:"1,t,1: ,."Isunplion
riiureors ! cterncrrlternativeto hcating
I osnelr
:::]:." oil ar:cicorl, ntalv nonre_
I arrdburincssescorvelrc,dtheirlurlacc,y.L,u, io,,"*,rr'gor.
N"tr,rul
 Iink -r.to2 zrlaf 6as DA
oncs colP4nies sr:,fcA
+u 6,,otr..,ca(
gos $t US hos
ernuglF.rYserws i^ order 6 rnai,-,tc\ir,
o steqdy sopply
bf rause fhe(e tS .^ lOt oF rese(vr S dr{C n €r,
drscover;e5batnq mad€
*::t,"!!.11,:l:: Las;7c,^a!, 0epiHcat
pro+?\\or
\::^':' lhe urriv€r$it'3dc IYevqL^,gnno),
.!
i-nerq-\'" pori+;tul
*,r[rnr*tv8
/ I
"tL' ttL4t vY
Fcr-.,no^rL rtril Qr'/
?CJ-
ri-.q_6

--,.. CurrcDt plorluction rutcs lre apprrxiltrr(cly I pej.ceDIoJ'

G pr.oyeDres.'r\es Pcr ),elr. Aecolding to thc U.S. Dcpartrnent ol Euerg.v
t D O E ) . E l e r g y I n l b l n r a t i o nA d m i r l i s t r ai ot n ,a s o l ? 0 0 . 1t,h e U n i l e d S t u t e sh a s
\{)
1 9 1 . 5t r i l l i o n c u b i c f e e t o l l a t u m l g r s i n p r o v e nr e s e r v e sl ,r h i c h i n c l u d e sa
2.6'billion-cubic-[orr(increaseIia nol fielcl discoveriesrncl statisticalad-
of 'ts. .
justu)erlts.ProilLrctioullolll tliltulal gas rcscrvesule growing at a ratc toltr
tiIncs tlle [i]te of rc\\, discoYc|iesand reltLesc|ltapproxi[tatcly 4 pelcent ol'
ro\en rcservesPef ),ear.
 l\nk- rtJeSil"r 6cs DA
pmenl Q-
b'e cn 1de.,tr^eplac
otucct\
r'J E:^a uould
o\\ btcause (6n 6e- ,<eA in Ac6onjp.;

P.ichar'/ Heinberq(+eur.tw o+ Post- l6rbon yr13yi1ut € )

't-ate . t/
tt-t6^r Ctncl +h( Ol f nd,tsfrlrr I
The Pa(+Yts ove( ?

The intendedusc o[ gasand its compctitivepositionversusother

4\ fuelsis dependentupon the scaleof operation.
I lf a gasdeveiopmentprojectis small (10-20 Nll\'lscfd;3-7 PJ/.t'.\,
G) the likclv targctrnarketmay be a smalltorvn(rcticulatedgasfor cooking
NG and heating).It could alsobe a porverplant for local pouer (around50
to. L. I\[W) or industrl.Localporvergene-ration is attractivex'hen supplring a
i.r:td r"
peakdemandis an issue.Somemoderatell'energvintensiveindustries
{..t. i (glass,foundries,etc., including cogcnerationprojects)can consunr(-
"s
3-5 PJlvof gus.As rvelJas competitionfrom conventionalpetroleurn
fuels(naphtha,diesel,and fuel oil), naturalgasin thesemarketsis oftcn
in conrpetitionu,ith alternativefuels,such irsrvasteoil and biofuels.

q
 Cornponi
es cd\\\ soitch L^
.",
r,rt1-,ml
eRS be<uu>e
\r ffc!€S a3 s \de.ll tr?Plc\cplne/lt6f- o,rl_i{
bucn= lhof€- cltcvr\y,, (an Le ased in crrrrent
Ys t^iclP=,s^d is versi fi {e.
( iCnc,rdH€rAb€r1(ferror^,
o+ pos+Qarbon TnS+itule),
m< Pak\/.t! ovfr: a f ctnl flne gIe o( Lndqslrrel
!!c,j1ta5,ZooS,?X.t3

Cas
Natural
ln sone respccrs,nJrural lias Jppeirrsro l:rean icicrl repl.rccrlcnr
fucl lor oil: it
burnsnrore cleanh'(rhough ir st r produces aorl,
buscscan be cclnvcrtedto nln ol ".a,rrri,i.r,,.u.*r, "na
ERoEr isqrrite high.rt has,;;;'J:":'j,:'n':"'::,:::;1'l]:_::,.,]...ll.l..'.
rgriculture(tlrroughthe Hrbcr I ;li
n::tttt'' tbr industrial proccsseslike
grass'aliing,lor clectricit' gcne.",,t^olt'l lor household
co.rkittqandhcating.
Currcr'\,,uaturalg,ts,,..ornr, a]tn'and ?5 perccnt
of LISencL' consump--
don; rz percc.t
fion;lz perccnroirhc oirhe gas o." ertrrctedis
"-,-....,,"1"ut ,.,.,.,.."*a-il;:rr:ffiIi.ra .. '^',
rlrcadr'.is an infrasrrucrure in placeto makc "r*
usJof this,r",. ( (_ \
C o u l dc r r r r c r i t r nI ' c i r r c r c . r . cr toi make
r n r te up
, , - for
. ^ - .the
. _ :proicctc'l
:-'-' ,.
shortfrllsi" t,ii)
someorgrnrzatiorls lnd individLra i-
lr'uutsrr girs ata:taolcglc,b-
tast
an,to fbrnra'r.a...a.,.
n,,inl'",'J:'il.,:il
I allt'tolast fbr nra'r,ilccades. Esti r':r: tk
jffzu=u
11".,].,^*::'"11"",0,.
***:j**:*t*::*,J,','*::ii:;:::l;::;:Tl:;ri
[(

bcrI,100tcf is oftencitcd;or,..,,,lir'il.lllniecil;,andspecLrlrti'c
TltcnLrnr'
orgrob,i l ll.fiillli 5. 1*
:i'iii;l:ill ::;il::::l,, ----
,-.-
:,.o,,
:.1:.:
,{gcuc1'(EIA,
rcp.rrs",*.,:iJ
thar
thc'S als.t,",
t'es
ort774tcrin "Lro,,r;ir..r:,:,"',;l;lli:l:ii:
200r'
ffll'I.:U:fiJil ^,;;t;;;,;;l;i ,,,"*. ,,",
ftrturcciisco'cr'J
ascurre,,rpro\
f-,,,.?l:JJl;'Jil
l?;,i]:illli.'::"'e'brc
yearsat current usagerates
c,1
That assuDrptio'
,1" nr.."-a'r".'.*;. il;:"
/

hm::m,'.".':;j::r:i::{iT':lL:':':[ii:::lTil;::f
curye,
j,l:: : Tlt:..:,r\?e so*","."*""i"._0..:ff:ff
a tong penod of decljnc
;
I-H::,.d;ff
::;
to occLrr
_,. ... long before the
. lrst cubic f"o, i, .rrr,r.,..ll_p1

i(^)