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ka ohrufhcv iuhkhd ,t vhrheunu vru,v hrjua ruchm hbpk ahdvk ubt ohjna /"ifanv ,ughrh" hbru,v .cuev ka uhrugha ,mpv ,ugmntc 'vru,v ,mcrv vbv .cuev ka ,hrehgv u,ryn rut ,chahs vchahv atr 't"yhka hexbhsur vsuvh ktkmc crv iutdv uhb 'xkkhv hkxguus ktrah ,sudt ,xbfv ,hc 'ejmh ,cvt ,khve cru 'icutr ohkkufv 'vbak ,ubuhkhd rag ohba sg vbuna xhpsvk thv ubh,uue, /eruh /vpeavu vfkv 'l"b 'vru, hrugha ocujc juxhbu iubdx hkscv ubf,hh lfanu ',p,uan vsucg hrp ubhv ofhbpka iuhkhdv lt ',hbuak vfhrgu vrsvv urcg ohrntnv kf /ohbuav ohc,ufv ihc /ohc,ufv kg ,hbubdx ,ushjt v,pfb tk ka uhrugha kg ohxxucn .cuec ohrntnva ;t kg hf 'ahdsvk ubbumrc rcg cu,fv rnujva lfk vcurg uz iht 't"yhka hexbhsur h"crdv hrugha ka ohhtnmg ohsuchg obhv ohrntnv 'cua /t"yhka crv h"g ,ruehc /t"yhka crv

:vz iuhkdc
`ktrah .rt hkusd ,ru,n vfkv hexpu ohnar `djv ,uvn ,usut rntn - ikhtk vbav atr `ohkea-ohypan ,arpc rugha /obhh o,xu lxb ihh - vgs vruh hrugha ,rsx vru, khsdvk 'ovhtur kf hbhgc sxju ij ohrcsv utahh hf vkhp, ubbv /,unhfjnv ovh,urgvku ohtruev ,ucud,k ohpmn ubt /vrhstvku 'vru,v ,frcc ,frgnv
irue kthbs crv og rae urm 'ohhubnu ohhsh,g ,ubuhkhd ,usut gshnk yh@ahavasyitzchok.org

l`xyi ux` zxez

[oa vchahv atr ka uruehc inzc h"t hkusd hbpk ubushba tnuhs hbhhbgc ,ukta] 'jhka ,uagk hns rhpas vtrb obnt tuv is rcf j"cv hrcs rehgcs lrcna ,uumn rtan a"n oa unmg jkanv c"vgc ihta p"gt jhkav utr ohcru 'vzc c,fa vn a"g 'oa ihhyabhhp n"rdv rthcu 'uvn, if uhrcs ,buuf (me x wt j"ut) wua,c vtsuv ,frc thvs 'ohxhb vagat ot 'vsuv rcfa hn lrck kufh ubhtu /ctmh orya hn vbugu oa jfuba tk rhpa ehksvk ,frc rehgc z"hpku /jhka h"g ,uaghvk vkufh tfhvs vtrb 'txhb hnuxrp ihbgcu eksha rbc ina hs tfhts ohhek hfvc hdx v,hcv ocuac ihhsg ehksva inzcs d"gtu 'txhb hnuxrp 'vc ik ,hk 'b"uxrp itf vhv tk h,ft osue ehksna lrsk tmuhvn tba tks inz hyn tk h,fts p"gtu vbnz ;ts vzc ruthcvu] 'txhb hnuxrp inzcu 'vuumn vaug veksv k"hhes rsdv n"n 'b"uxrp vhv tk tv veksv ka upuxc xbv oxrp,a veksv tuv j"rdv hbpk ohrcsv ugmuvafu /[rcs /vzk ohfxv t"yhka hexchhbe

:veksvk jhka ihbgc (t tmuhv inz osue vfubjc u,hcn vkhkv ,t ,ukck s,g,nu veksv ,rjnk er cuaku u,hck .ujn iudfu 'vkhkc sutn rjutn ut 'reucc ohczugu 'vfubjv hnhc i,j,na hn veksv inz osue sug ,hcv hbc kf tv ohh,bhcu 'rjutn sg ucuah tku osue vsugxk ,cak ruxta k"hhe jhka ,uagk kufh ht 'ehksha :ohbp wcn vzc ihhgk ahs 'veksvk tcuvu (ugr, x) j"cv f"an 'tsj jhkav ihts '(y"ex) v"gr, c"banc /t,hcc c"vgc iht ot lrck kufh ihta rjt smn rrugk vtrb vhv sugu ibt wutfks 'ck kg oa aht rehg f"t ',hcv lu,c ibhehksns hbc ouan tuv ishs txhb hnuxrp iht jhkav ehksna ,gc tfvu ',hcv /xbv ouxrp itf ihtu ,hcc aht
iushk utmh k"mz ihebv t"hrdv oacu) ihs gep tnas asjv rcsc habtn aht ihta iuuhf ,hcvn cuhjv ,"uac isa ihgfu ',hcc oa ,hcv vzuzn ihbgk (y whx e"usvn) t"egr utmha tfhv asjn vfrc lhrmvk (/okuf

(jfe hx) gurz rut j rvn , uac vzc is rcfu /(u ex ugr, hx) ikvks c banc g gu /t iuzjc tcuv /j b ,eksvc tuv ifa c,fu 'k mz uhct oac v fu 'jhka h g ihaushe ihbgc ubht j cv ,gsk oda vkgvu '(sn hx) u j ,gs vujh , uacu (tfe ng) vfubj vhscug /vkhj,fk tkt /j cv ,buuf ruthcc ( b hx) c hj rzghkt .hm , uac g gu /c

hctvfu ;hsg hpy ;hxuna vn kf f"t ihbn kg ;hxun ubht ot ;tu] /dhrzg vnc rushv ah h,ft 'ants ,urbv tfhv ihhgk ahu /asuec ihshrun ihta ehksva vnn ,urb ,ujp uk ahs vuumn rushv vzc od ah ot ant j"rdvu [/,urbv ihbn huchr omgc vtrb vhv sugu /vzk ohfxv wt yhka vnn hrzg hctv hrcsf jhfuvk wua, oac (t"br, whx) t"dnc thcva rb tkt uk vhv tka hna 'o"cnrv rta vhshk u,t v,gu 'uehksvu sjt rushvt ibhfrcns vfrcc ehksh ',urb tnkac 'ibt hzjhb t,avu /vuumn rushvv ohhena hrzg hctv hrcsk rb kf f"t ',urb ;hxuna vn kfc lf kgu vuumn rushv tuv ;hxuna rushv oua iht k"vhcvk obnt 'lrcn ehusnv rpxnc tkt ,pxu,v omgc k"hhes iuuhfu 'ouhv rpxnf ,urbv ka tmnb f"t 'vuumn vaug veksv veksv vagn itf iht okugna rushv ouan uhkg lrck hutra ws er ehksn vhbav veksvcs 'vuumn rbv ;urhmc rmub rushvva tkt ',urb rcf thvu vbuatr veksvc ehksva /v,g vhkg lrcn ubhtu vk v,kf hagn hban cfrun rushvva tmnb ovn sjt kfca ohsrpb veksv vn kgu vuumn rushv iht unmgkaf trcxv omgk j"rdv ohfxvu /lrcn /k"vhcvf vb,ht u,gss vtrb n"nu

'veksv inz osue u,hcn tmuhv sg ruzjk s,g,n ubhtu jhka ,ubnk kufh 'sutn rjutn ohak shpeh er 'vfrcku veksvk c"vgc cuaha sg eksha ina hs /u,hck hn :,urb hs uk ihta hn ihbgc (c ihbnf ,urb hs uk ihta ihtu vfubjs wv ouhc htes iudfu 'ouhv t"gr,) c"banc vbv ',urb wd tkt uk sbe kkf) ost hhj oac thcv (v"ex (vke hx) x",f , uac v fu (vf x ifu 'sckc sjt rb tkt ehksh tka vfubj hbhbg) ,"vg hukv ,hcc c,f ihbnf ehksn ubht ots '(c g y fs in ihrsvnv ihhbg ohhe tk ouhv 'sjt rbc uk hsu v"tkc ihrsvnv ehksnf vtrb ,urb wd ut wccs ';hsgu obnt /hahka ut hba ouhs ,urbv ihbn vfubj wkv hrzg hctc l"a n"ntrdv vn ehksha k"xu uhkg ekj (t v s p) j"rdv ovhrcs thcvu /ushca ,ufkv vbuac t yhka hexchhbe vyub u,gs ,htrbu '(u"x t"gr,) 'o,eukjn suxhc vtrbvu /k"vhcvf ohngy wc h,hhn ,cas c"p wndcs ohnh sdbf 'tsj :lkuvu ;hxunk ihkgns sugu 'ihtmuhvu ihxbfbv hrcs ohbcun tne tngyku /asuec iht ouhv sdbf ubhta kfs 'k"vhcv ;xubv ogyk obnt 'rushv ouan vzc

ht gnan tk orc /(ygr hx j ut) dvbnu vfkv hrga pxc ayhuutchkn r unstv f fu /d v lrf iuruah .cuec s"uvu t"yhka cukrp h"rdv c,f vzk vnusu /vagnk hfv vhk trhcx sjtk chav (ybr, whx) la n nrdvn ohrntnu ohc,fn .cuec 'hte tyaueu /(upr wng) if vrun ubhtu vfkvk ubht urpxca vn uk c,fu 'k"bv t"hhju c"banc arupnvn uk rhgva uk tuv hrcu eupep tkc c,fa unf dvub vhv unmgk obnt 'c"banv hrcs sdbf ohcrk /a"g /ihsv v"fa

jrut c,fa o"cnrv iuakc r,uhcu wkufhw c,f tku 'inac ovng ;,,an rnuk sm ;t ahu 'wusfu ;,,avk hyhrpcu 'grd grdn unmg ,eksvs /k"nftu ;hsg 'vmrh ot ehksvk kufh tbhsk n"nu humna vnc rvzhk aha tkt jrt,vk o,hcn ohgxubv ohabtc atr ehksnu ' wusfu vfubj ,cac cauju ,hcv hbc kfk vjpanv rcfnu 'u,hcu aht rb ihsn othmuha htbxft u,uhvcs 'lf vz ihta ubrnt sjt kf tkt 'u,hcu aht ihs vzk iht uk ah ,jrt,nv vjpanv hbcn sjtu ehksvk lhrmu 'unmg hbpc htbxft ihs ;xuh g"rdvu /hyhrpc ;,,avk ut kufha ung vjhac rnt t"yhka h,fts htbxftf od u,hc hbc thmuvk ouen kfc g"bpc ,hc ihs ovk ah iuknc teuuss vtrb s"bgku /ova kg vagnk lunx zts 'if ihsv d"vfu ,hcc jrutc kct 'unmg ijkua ut ihsv in ehksvk t"f lhrm urhcj irn vzk ohfxvu 'vyurpc ;,,avk tuva rntu t yhka hexchhbe j"rdv /yuap rcs og vyurpc ;,,an jrut ,cuj vzc tmuhu c"vgc ot unmgk ehksvk kufhu 'veksv vjpan hbcn sjt kf kg /vmrh ut vyurpc ;,,avk ,jrt,nv ohtmuh obhtu 'unmgk ehksvk /vjpanv atr ,eksvc

'ouhv ihbnf ,urb hs uk ihta hn uk utc otu) /ushca vn ehksh oehkshu ;hxuh ifn rjtk ,urb (/vfrc tkc rut ohhea ouhf :anav ihbgc (d anav 'rsj kfc knajv iufb if p"gtu 'ihsv rehgn ubht p"g ihhbg vzc aha iuuhf uehksvk kfk ana sjc hs n"nu 'vkce /sjt ouenc ohehksnv ruta ouenc ;t hkuts rhgvk ahu ehksna vgac hucf knajv ,uthmn omg x"xs hns rhpa h,ft ohfxvu 'anaf thv hrv rsjc d,nv /t"yhka hexchhbe j"rdv vzk ouenc od ana ehksvk hutr kfku 'knajc rtunv ,uhfubjv kfk sjt ana ,ujpv /oa ,utmnbv ihta htbxft :htbxft ihbgc (s lhrm u,hcc uhkg ihehksn ung ;,,avk c"vgck vyurp ,,k whx g"ua) vfubj rb ka inac rsvk ohdvub okugvu /(z"gr, 'ohjrt,naf od onmgk ehksvku (d"ex) oa c"banc c,f ifa ,ntcu 'rb uk ah ot unmgk ehksvk iufbs ouhvfs u"hrvn ,gs hsh ,tmk u,t unmgk t"f ehksvk dvbnva ,gsk ah obnt /ehksv tka usajk htbxftc ihta vtrb trcxv smns tuv ubhs rehg tkt kkf ihrsvn ihs thduxv ,uyap gnan ifu 'hyhrpc 'hyhrpc ;,,an trhz wrs ,cac

khsdva iye ihbgc g"rdv zt rnt :vfubjv hnhc

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/tk hnc hfsrnv hrcs p"g'rnuk ah sugu vjbnv dkp rjt a"rgc ashea 'laj,an aseku ruzjk lhrm ubhta hbvn cuhjv inz osue ashea vns rnhnk tfht hnb tfvu /vkhks ucuhjk kjv ucuhjk khguh iyev vagns ihsv kgck ouen ah otu 'vkhkc 'ohrjt thmuvk iye vagnc eukjk /hns rhpa unmg thmuvks vtrb n"n 'vfubjc vuumn rc vagbv iye rc khkc od ehksvk kufh 'udvbnf 'vnjv ,gheac vuumnv ,tmk ih,nvk auajk lhrm ubhtu /ohcfufv

ohcfufv ,tmk ih,nhs wt yhka ;xuh unhg ueunhbu 'vgheac shn ehksh tku lubhj ihsn tkt chujn iht ifk osues hsh uthmuvk hbvn tk zt ehksha vnu vtrb tbhsk obnt /skhsdhan ucuhj ltcrghut z"ardv oac tcun ifu) ng) vfubj kv sgun hnkac k"mz ng) vfubj kv vnka ,ufhkvcu (ha ehksvk kufhu aujk ihts ((zhr :ohngy vnfn vgheac shns 'tehpx epx tkt vz ihts 'tsj k",tu 'kusd epx tuv vgheac ah h,ft ohcfufv ,tm sg iye huvs hrjt kj veksv cuhjs ohrcuxv iuuhfu 'ohcfufv ,tm osueu vgheav u,u lubhj ihs uhkg kj iye vhv zts

ihc sg ,ujpk ih,nha ghmn (dn vrgv d p) x a, svn 'vfubj kthrcd hgybc z"hgfu /s /a g 'vkhj,fk hfv k xs (zka hx) c j ,udvbvu ,ucua, , uac gnan ifu /,uanav

zeycgzdde dginvd onf - haya e"h

hf 'hrp .gc vkrgv ,uba wd sdbf ohause p tnujb,) vsav .g ostv sck ,rupx,v ihhbgk ot ;tu /(y x vbanc vbv 'wyrtuuwf lfc ep,xb inzv tuv auka khds ibhzj ,uctc og trenv sunhk ,kj,vk hutrv ihhbg vzc aha ine hrvu ',ueubh,v /vru,v sunhkk ruaev r,uh eung ,ueubh,v og sunhkv ,khj, ';xubc 'ohase hbhhbgc trehu anujc thv utuch" :ohbvf ,ru, ahrc t,htsfu vrutfku '",urvyc uexg,hu ohruvy hutr vhv tshrd ,h,kgu, vbhjcn ohke ohrcs ohfr ohskh og khj,vk crec ;t hrva 'vbcvku vxhp,k r,uh vru, hbc era okugv lrs ohsnukv ohadhb ihehzb ohabc oxrf utkhna ,khj,c ohbyek vnu 'asuev kt ohrunjv ohase hbhhbg kmt osunhk ?o,kufhk rcgn o,xv in ocura sunhkca 'rnuk dvb hembhne h"rdvu] vbfxv ,nhhe ohbye ohskh og ,t uxp, vca ,hjyav vrumva 'o,gs rmuek o,uskhc ohrcsv hpfu) 'o,urdcc od ong rtah, vcrvka ubhbnzc ohtur ifta ka ,h,uskh vxhp, vrtab ohrducn hruphx hruchdf ohausev ,uctv veung vxhp,k ohkduxn obhtu ohskh ,kgu,v uzu '(o,uksd ka r,uh ouan teuuss 'ohase sunhkca ifta vhkatc skhv vdah tk oenug ukkn rurc f"u,v hrcs obnt ///ihcv exup (u x) t"ke inhx j"utc g"uav u"yc iubj, ohrnut tka cu,f r,t kg t"rdv iuhkdcu 'ycac v"r ahrc ib,sf 'y"uh tuva ouan uvhhbhn sju 'ov ohba hatr vgcrt /,ubkhtk vbav atr 'ycac u"y y"uhv ihhbg uvn ruthc lhrm rcsvu tkt vz lhrt, iht vrutfks 'uca ,hagn lrs 'h,fkv-hbfy ihhbg ,uumn ihhbgk .gv khd ,t gucek lhkv, kg ,xxucnv .rtc ,uhuk,v ihhbg vzhtu '.gv ,jhnm ka hgcy ?y"uhf ubhhmba vzc ah ishsk hbjur ;t scfb yca asuj ihhbga ,ntcu vb,hb p"gca vru,s 'r,uh hvhu" :(t ohrcs) ch,fsf 'ycac asuj rag h,agc vba ohgcrtc .rtc isrhv rcgc udu van rcs vru,v ,t rtc van khtuv ctun c,f rvuzcu 'yca asuj tuv " udu obnt ',ubkhtk v"r uca ouan ogyv vpxubu 'wohhjpy vxhfu jpy vkhdw vru, ihhbg vn 'ub,vhn, kg vvhn, ?,ubkhtk v"rk p"gca ktrah ,umup, curc yap ouhvf '(upsherin) vwetkjv dvbn ughdvc og curc skhv ,urga rpxk ohktua uhvaf ,ntcu 'auka khdk chan vhv 'ihhbgc hembhne h"rdv ,t u,bhjcnu 'vzc vahtv iumr ,uagk 'dvbnv ohhek ehpxn ogy lfc vhv tuv vzc urntba ohngyv sjt obnt

ohrunt ohrcsv r,uhcu 'vc exugv hhju" rntb vca 'p"gca vru, hpkf hx j ut ruy) "ubfu,c gyb okug ihtu ktrahk ,sjuhn thvu '(yke /kkf vc ekj okugv ,unutk raevu rvuzv ,buuf ,rtucn vzcu v"ru p"gca vru, ihca .g ka ,h,fkvv u,rsdv hf ',ubkhtk khscvk '.gv - "ugzd ;hkjn" thv - vbug hshn vkf,nv vnstv erhn od thv uzu ',gv kf asj,nu jnum asj,vku kusdk 'ostv ka u,hkf, vz ,tu '"vsav .g ostv hf" - .gf vtrbu /ohhj ,ru, ,ugmntc ohdhan k"zj rntnc yapv enug uvza ouh kfc" ( f ohrcs h arpc tcuv) vhvha - "ohasjf lhbhgc uhvh aushj rumhk vru,v hrcs ka ojufc /l,unmgcu lc snug ktrah og ka u,hhuuv xhxcc vjhnmv iuhgr if od sj ktrahu t,hhruts ',uasj,vvu 'ixhb asuj rjcb kf ouanu /ov o,kutd inz ,uhvk 'vjhnmv asuj 'ohrmnn o,thmhu ktrah ka hbhx rv ,ukdrnk o,tcv v,hkf,a /vru,v ,kceku ,t asjk tuv asenv ,hc ka ubhhbg icre thcnv tyujv /ostv og sjh jcznv kg 'kufhcf ';rab cuy 'asj ost tmuh unuencu icrev kcek ohke ogcyc ,ueubh, /r,uh 'asj,vku ,ub,avk 'ohasj ohrcs ovhkdrvc ohgcuenv ohrducnf tka icunc '"ruvy" tuv skhv /ohbahv

[ovca vrvyv smn ihhbg vzc aha ihc raeu veung vchx vbaha f"gu 'icr ,hc ka ,ueubh,k vrvyv hbhhbg /uhkg sungk lhrmu ohsnug vbav ka uz vpue,c 'ohhrmn ,thmh ,uharpc "chctv asujc ohtmuh o,t ouhv" vjhnmv inz ,khj, 'ixhb asuj tuv ycac u"ys ',ubkhtv ka cukckvu unmg hrpv kct vybjv inz tuv tshpe aha ubt ohturu 'ixhbc ckckn teuus vkutdv vgrhta lfc vkusd ubt ohuumn lf kacu 'vz asujc hsf sg 'teuus chctc udujk n"g oka asujc vbav ,t ohrcgna vnua 'cuau /chctc kujh jxpv dja i,kutd ihc raev vn ihcvk ubhkg cukcku chctv asujk ktrah ka /,ubkhtv vru,c vbvs 'ihhbgv suxhc vtrbu sunhkv ekj :ohekj hba obah ekj ov ,ntc obnt /vagnv ekju vagnk rapt hta oafu 'sjt trh ruc iht"] sunhkv hkcn ohhe,vk d p ,uct) "shxj .rtv og tku tyj ,bn kg tka snukv" od lf '[(v n hnkaurh) "trcb tka uk jub ,uagk vz iht rnukf '(c v t p ,ufrc usunhkka 'kank 'vnak tka snukf thv ,hpuxv vrynvaf ygun lrg sunhkk iht tkt 'vnakk ghdvk /trcb tka tk jub - kkf ,uchaj hbuhg sunhkc iur,hu vkgn oua iht v,ryn hf 'vru,v ka tshrd thv vru,v ka veungvu ,h,ntv ka u,uasj,vu u,jhnm kg v,gpav

dvbn vz hpk tuv vtb vn /ostv ka osunhk ,khj, ,t gucek ktrah vbav atr 'ycac u"yk ,ueubh,v /,ubkhtk

,ukufh uhva ,ugpavn hapuj ka kg uhs tuv 'inuahr ,t uc rh,uvk hbhsc euxgk vth uk ifku 'ekj rhhb ,t asjku ,ubak o,ryna ohasue

milwy-mihtyn zyxt

l`xyi mra zecg`d zlrn

heuktc rpuffu (:tx n"c) ohns (t"hv v"p n"c hnkaurh) ktrah 'rtucn ubht wutfk uz vrnujc ogyvu kf) ,hchrc vuuknv oda rurc tkv og sxj vaug (ehpxn vfunb thv sug ,jhek uk vphsg hrva vuukv ,uyyun,v hbp kg ,hchrc vtuukvv k"mz .hcktuna j"rdv ?,ykjun sng (wt rntn t"ka, rxun ,ujha) ,jhek vagna ;ts rthcu lf kg 'f"f runj ubht unmg hbpc ,hchrv ouan ,hchr ruxhtc vru,v vrhnjv iuuhfnu 'sxj tuv okugv sunga og sxj vuuknv vaug u,uukvca tmnb ,hchr kyubaf lf ot 'hbgv ,uumn ,uvns 'oudp sxjv sung usjt,h lf h"ga thv ohsxj ,ukhnd ,ryn hzt ,hchr kyubafu 'ktrah ka sxj vz ihtu ,hexg thv u,tuukv odup tuv vzcu 'vnak zujt vtn /sxjv ,uvnc hrndk ,unfv ,t u,utrc 'ur,h ,arpc kmt ihsk ohsnugv ka vcrv ovk ,gsuvu" :ur,h uk rnut 'van rat vagnv ,tu vc ufkh lrsv ,t ;xuh wr arus (:k) n"cc /"iuagh uz - lrsv ,t" ikvksf vz euxp - vc 'ohkuj ruehc vz - ufkh 'j"nd ur,h hrv 'vae vrutfku /"vruce uz ihs-,hc kuvhb hbhhbg vank rtcn ?itfk ohsxj ,ukhnd ihhbg vnu hf p"vg ur,h wp) ohhj .pjv rtcnu vtr ratfa (wudu rcs ovk vhvh '"ohypanv vktu"c ,j,up varpv ogyv rthc r,t kg h"arcu ,rag vn 'lk rnuk 'u tuc ,j,upa ohbhsv] ukt ;t 'hbhxc urntb ,urcsv urntb [ohypan ,arpc ohcu,fv ,khj,c hrva 'vun, rcsvu /hbhxc ,ufhnxn k"zj usnk rvc ,arp vkuf vru,v kfa hbhx rvk vyhna vhyrp kf kg hbhx rvc vrntb rtck ah lrum vn f"tu 'vheusesu ohypan ,arp oda hyrp iputc kfav smn ',tz scknu ?hbhxc vrntb ,t uckn van vsc tka yuap rcsv vrucdv hpn uk urntb tkt ohrcsv ihta rnuk lhrm f"gu /hbhx rvc ouenv ,t snkk eru lt vru,v ,buuf ohcu,fv ohbhsv urntb uca hzhpv hbjur rae aha rnuk tkt 'varpc ahu ',urcsv ,rag ihck obhc /vz rae ,uvnc ibuc,vk ohbhsv kf ihcna 'thv ,pxub vvhn, vrjc varpc ohrfzunv vbe, hf" ihsc teuus ju,pk vru,v ekjk ucurc lhhav "hrcg scg ohypanu ohbhsk tku vgs-vruh gusn f"tu 'varpv ,exug ovca vnsevu vjh,pf vz ihs anan ?vkuf varpk ihc hbhs ,uvn enugc ibuc,vk vtrb urntb k"zjc /urhcjk ost ',hchr ruxht rnujc ohtrub ohrcs lpuaf ,hchr jeukv ,t uchajvu

vrnta vnc rtck od vtrb vz ihbgu uarsu '"ihg ,j, ihg" vru,v 'iunnk vru,v ,buufs (:dp e"c) k"zj ihg" iuakc vru,v vrnt vnk f"tu iumra rtucn ubhrcsku ?"ihg ,j, ehzvkn gbnhvk lht snkk tuv vru,v ihg ,t sjt kf vtrha h"g urcjk tkhnnu 'uka ubhg thv ukhtf urcj iuhxbvu 'urcj ,t ehzvk tuch tk ,t ost ehzha r,uh jhfaa jhfuh ost unmgc hf 'unmg ,t ratn urcj /ohhkpf rvzb ,usjtv ,uchaj ihhbga vtrbu ,arpk od rae,n ktrahc /ohkea wr" tcun (s"v d"p) vkhdn hnkaurhc vpm 'ahek ahr oac huk kueak sh,g garv inva v"cev ouseha cyun rnt 'ktrah kg upxf 'gar u,ut ka upxfk hbc ka ipxf ,arpc ihrueu ihnhsen lfhpk ,uchaj vn rtck ahu '"ohkea vn kkfcu 'inv ,rhzd ujsa ohkeav aha inv ka uhkea ,kgn v,hhv /o,ujsk lrum vagn uhbp kg vbvs 'vzc ihhgk ahu ubht inv ka ohkeav ,bh,b tbua uhags gushc vfkv hrva 'icun 'obhjc ;t odruvk ohaa uhvu ceghk vtr vn vhv jehpa inv f"tu dhavk hsf ubunn sctk uz ,uyak vtrbu ?hfv utkc vagb vhva rcs ihrsvbxs j"pc vbanv p"g rtck 'okugk gru ovk gr ohgark xubf" '"okugk vtbvu ovk vtbv 'ohehsmku

ypanu chrk ohsnugv ,unf ,t ur,h er vhgcv ihta ihcv van kmt tkt ihsv h,c ka vgyun kuvhbc r,uh vrunju veung vhgc vbah ov lfku ktrah og ka u,usjtc .gh lfanu /ohypanu ohchrk ohghdn ihe,vk u,mknv sckn 'vank snkk od 'vkhgh ohbhs h,c ,frgn 'hbav og sjtv sxj ,hhag ogv ,t tkhnn lfcu ',uhssvu ,usjtk ofbjk /ohbhsv ,unf omnym, ,arp ka vbhbg vza rtck vtrbu vru,v ,ryn iht /ohypan snkk tkt 'sckc ,ufkv hyrp snkk ohbhs o,ut kfn gbnhvk smhf /,usjtv h"g - ktrah ogc ohfuxfxu ohypan ,arp ihc raev uvzu lk rnuk 'hbhx rvu ,urcsv ,ragk kf ,t ru,pku gbnhvk lrsva thv varpc ,uyrupnv ,uhgcv unf ktrah ogc ,usjt ,ugmntc - "ktrah ijhu" hbhx rvc vhva uhvh ota /sjt ckc sjt ahtf unmnymh hzt ,usjtc ktrah rtuch vzcu /ohhypanv ohfuxfxv scg hbhsc varpv ,j,up gusn 'varpk uzn vcuy vjh,p ihta 'hrcg ,t ohsnkn hrcg scg hbhs hrva ogc ,uhvk vhutrv ,usjtv ,nmug vbuev" (/f) ihaushec whtsf - ktrah "unmgk iust vbuef hrcg scg uka u,xf ,t uk i,hk iustv chujnu vru,v ub,snhk - ,rjt uk iht ot rfnbv 'oh,ujpca ,ujpv 'scg ;ts r,uh ;tu jt ka xjhk hutr 'u,chbdc /lfn

uk vtrva sg keav ,hmjnc vae,b txhf ,j,n at ka gcyn v"cev lhha vn ruthc lhrm wutfks 'sucfv wd hcd /yf ,ujbncu /lfc ,uae,vk sg van ovc vae,ba ohrcs ,hmjnk ubn tk 'v"cev uk vtrva ,hmjns oa wxu,v uc,fu 'keav o,v lhha tks" vbnb tk keav gsh vuv tks ouan tkt 'vae,b '"uvtrn vhv tk ot ihbg ouac /vthkp ovhrcsu gsh htsus 'cahhk ah runtv hpku keav ,hmjn gcyn ,rum van wd o,ut kkfc vbnb tk lf ouanu vae,ba vns 'ovc vae,ba ohrcs u,rumc ubht keav ,hmjnc van ukhguh lht vn, vhva tkt ',hnadv vzku 'ktrah og ,cuyk ohkeav ubhhv 'at ka gcyn v"cev uk vtrv h"ga vnc tuv ohkeav ka ojufa ogc ,usjtv rcdu, keav ,hmjn .gu .g kfa atv ihhbgf 'ktrah ka ojuf od lf /atv ,t khsdn ktrahafu 'o,usjtc tuv ktrah xubhf kg od ov ohrcd,n ohsjutn /garv inv vaga hpf ohgar

ktrahk grvk hsfa inv ihcva sujhtu xubhfc lrum ah oshnavku er ,usjt lhha ohgarcu 'ohgarv uhkea ,kgn v,hhv uzu ';xf h"g uhvu ohgarv usjt,v osh kga /ktrahk grvk ohkufh v"s) rcsnc ,arpc ,uph ohbpc vbvu ihbncs c,f (atr ,t uta smn cuy rcs vhvha lhha vrhpxu lt 'keav ,hmjn ,uumnc unf sjt 'rthcu /vphdnk ourdk kukg hba smn ihc eukhj ka ruth, tuv ihbns ktrah ,t ohbunaf lfku ohshjh ,usjt tkk ohshjhf o,ut ohdhmnu ihhbg z"hpku 'vphdnk rcsv orud n"g vhv keav ,hmjn h"g ihbnv tk rhagvs ,jt vrync osjtk ohuua ikuf 'yhgnh tk ksvu vcrh surhpv gbnh vzcu uz vuumnc ,jtf /,jt vsudt okuf uagh vcrstu kg ,urcd,vvs rhpa rtucn v,gnu xubhf obhhbgs 'inv ka uhkea ,nsevc teuus v,hhv 'ohgarv xubhf ,rhmh ubhhv 'ktrah hkea /ohehsmv ,usjtu arsnc k"zj rntn ihcvk ah vzcu vana (y"x ta, hf tnujb,)

drc dxei reya mixeriy

jqp oii zekld ungyu wobhh o,xw ruxht ruen

itf b"hh rfzuv tku 'ovh,ubc ouan f"t 'vtbv ruxht ,pxu, ihhbgk tkt tfht h,ft tv 'ohfxbk kuxps hk vn /iu,hjk ajhnk /h) ihshngn iht wpc i"rv vn, sugu] 'o"cnrv hrcs kg (o"rvu v"s tkv e"nvhcc lxbk kuxp ht ;ts /trhxts z"g ,cure,k hutr ihhsg ruxht hbuud hr,s .rh, ovua hbctcu chrenafs 'tsj :tfht z"gn vtbv tk" ouan rxtb ann z"g hbpk hshn whptu "orjv in vnutn lshc ecsh iurusf othcn ot ohrn, ,upf er z"gv hbpk ubhtaf obnt 'vhbpk vnvc yjuav iudf 'vnak vaug vhbpk vchren ubht lt z"g oak jcznk hutr vhvha ibhgc vzc 'kgupc obhh o,xc f"tu 'rxtb tk v"ktu oak lxbna humnv rcs uyt urzds tk 'ann vhbpk lxb tku u,hcc z"g [/k"eu acsc crugnc rxtb c"p) z"gc a"trv wev ifa ,ntcu ovhrcs utcuv) r"tau (d"hx ihht (o"cnrv c,f v"s dfe wx h"cc vn 'obhh o,x ouan uc ihts kaucn ovh,ubc smn x"ux 'ohfxbk kuxps hk iuuhfs a"trv ejsu /rzdhnk tfht /uc urzd tk tjhfa tks t,khn huvs o"cnrv hrcsk ehpxn umurh, ihtu ihh tuv t,hhrutsn ruxtv lxb ihh hrcsnu 'z"gk kgupc lxuba kkufv 'wobhh o,xw ruxht ;xub ohrpux vhh,ac ruxta hud ka ihh kf rxut sckc hudv gdn ;tu 'vtbvcu inhx ahr g"uac whtsf 'ihhv ,t x"ac wht t,khns tngycu /d"fe obnau o,hp kg urzda (:uk z"g) ovh,ubc ouan obhh kgu obhh ouan ubhhvs 'rjt rcs ouan ovh,ubc kgu og vrh,h ,gsv ,cre lu,na oc iu,hjk ghdvk kukg o"ufgv obhh o,x hbta obnt /vrz vsucgku oa wxu,vu 'vtbvc hnb ruxts lbvn tfe wx) auckc v"fu 'rcsv ogyc wf obhh o,x kg urzda iuuhfs '(t"x hpukjtk h,t v,gns uaaj 'vh,ac ka ubhh vzu vzs 'ann lxb ihhc hrahnk u,tu 'vh,ac ruxtu o"ufg urzd lfk 'vtbvc t,hhruts lxb ihh /lxb ihh uyt vtbvc obhh o,x kg ovh,ubc ouan vh,a ruxht tmnb /lxb ihh ouan vtbv ruxhtu 'tshrd ,ukftn wkvn t"hp) o"cnrcs trcht crugnv ihhs exp (h"v ,uruxt iuuhf obhh o,x ouan uc iht acsc ;t r,unu 'jcznv d"g lxbk kuxps k"bvku 'o"ufgv og t,uumc u,u,ak ihh ouan tngy ht tnkacs 'vun, tngy rehgs k"bvk kct 'rhpa lxb

th

hruxht rtac if ubhmn tka vn ,yha vgush vcrstu 'ibcrs dduas (d"ex s"kr) ypanv ,uch,bv 'kkf vrpf lhrm ubht ibcrss hruxhtc obhh o,x hbtas a"t ubhrcsku t,hhruts lxb ihhs t,k vhc ,hts ,arp rvuzc n"fu] /thkgn vrpf hgc hrfb ihh v,uavs oa whts hbhna [/c"vugk uekjn ihkyub ut kaucn ihh urh,vs cauhn k"bvku lhhas p"gt 'acsc crugnv ouan x"uxs iuuhfs 'ovh,ubc aaj 'vrhzdv ;ru, uvzu 'vc ugdb lxb ihh /ohfxbk ohkuxps hbvc rzdhnk tfhk hrcsc is (dfe wx ahr) t"egrc obnt ihh ihc ekjk wfu 'k"bv a"trv ihhcs 'ubka ihhc o,ghdbk 'ihnng ka lhha vzu 'ovh,ubc ouan urzd ovka uphxuvs tkt 'd"vfu kaucnc ;t u,hpc ubhmn tka vn 'ugdn urxtu 'tshrd lxb ihhs t,k ouan 'wusfu wxu,vfu ufxbk ohkhdrs tngynu ihhc lhha ubht vzu 'oa ,cac rds uhrcsk vhtr thcvu /kaucn y"vu 'r,un ugdnu ruxt ubhh cau, /tfhk z"g ouan 'tfht uh,ubc ouans lhhav kaucn ihhs tmnb uhrcsku /tbhsk aujk ah ifu 'ruxt hudk ,ukgcc ,ubjn ihh ,ubek iht /kaucn tuv ot ;t ',hrfb

ungya 'acsc crugnv ihhc k"bv /ohfxbk kuxps ouan unhg htsuus 'arpk vtrb vhv k"bv kfnu lxb ihh ouan obhh o,x ,rhzd x"av ,ugnan ,uyap ifu 'vc ugdb whb,ns '(:yf) ihshngn iht erps wndc vufnxt obhh o,xc hrhhns wxu,c whgu) /ofhxb ihh u,ahs tret ouan vtbv ruxhts wfu if uaeva x"av ,uyap obnt 'k"bfu b"hh vrun ifu '(/v"uan vrhzdv rehgs d"fe whx ahrc t"nrv iuak ,uyap ouan ruxt ihnng ka obhh o,xs vtrbvu /ohkhktk lxb,ba ihh ,rhzd 'uvhhb,ht uvhuur,s 'vzc rtck ouan thv obhh o,x ruxht ,ntcu ubhhvs 'tsjf b"hh ouanu ovh,ubc urzds vchxvu ogyv rehgs htsuu vzs utkcu 'ovh,ubc ouan tuv obhh o,x ohasjn k"zj uhv tk taaj htv 'eujr aaj tuvs lxb ihh uyt vrhzdv ruxht asjk hs vhv tk vzc ;t obnt ihh ruxht vhv tk otu 'hrndk asj tkt 'kkf ohrzud uhv tk wuts lxb utc lxb ihh vru, vrxta t,avs o,x kfk ruxhtv ,t uchjrvu ohnfj ruxt y"vnu 'ovh,ubc ouanu 'obhh hcd inek whgu] /ann b"hhf vtbvc ;t [/a"chrv ,gsc ubrthca vn vkuj t"nrv wps tv rhpa rtuch vzcu kafba hn chujns (d"fe x"ux) 'vubuug rpfk oumk dduac obhh o,xc

o,x tku teus lxb ihh v,aa hnt hte t"nrvs van jnah oac (up e"x oa) a",frsc wg /v d"j rzgkt ,jbn ,"uac vhrc rnk g"gu /dukp tks thcv v"ka rumhe wx oac 'obnt /obhh b"hht hte ht hcrcr hkat vzc udhkp p"fg /ohruxht rtak vz ruxht ihc ekjna (df wx) /hnb obhh o,xt tnkhs ut teus

ch

obhh o,xv ,rhfn htn juurv ,ghbn rfnb tka vn n"n 'sxpv chaj tk /sxpv huv rafv ihhv 'ktrah ka ihh ,ubjk xbfba hud r,un 'u,ubek eucec kybu /uk urfnk hsuvhv ohkgck ,ubhh rfnnk ,ubjk urh,va ah ihc obhh o,x od kukfk od luank ,bn kg 'vhrmun /ohsuvh obhta ,ujuek

:vtbv
vzv inzcs d"fe whx ahr t"nrv exp ohfxbn ,unutva jhfa ihts wfu /vtbvc rxut ugdn ihts t"h 'z"gk vbvu /sxpv ouenc z"g lunxk ahs oheust ohrmubc ohexupv uekjb rcf 'lfc z"g hscug uuv ht ubhbnzc o,sc ( d ,ut ekc wp) hj aht icv ,gsu ovka crgu h,ak ohscugf hchajs t"nrc obnt /vtbvc ruxt obhhs wfu obhta ouan rh,va yuap vtrb ;u,has tnhb ht ukhpt f"tu 'ohfxbn r,un obhh h,ft 'z"g chaj ovka /sxpv ouenc /vz ihbgk sxpv chaj vn iusk ahu ka ,ubjk xbfba hud juek ihbgku g"uav vbv 'u,ubek ihh kybu ktrah ihhc gdba o"ufgs exp c"ke ahr o"ufgv u,utn uhns jehk r,un vn okanf tkt ubhts 'urxta vtbvc ohrxutk ;t ubhhvu 'ehzva urfnk r,un hnb tfv wutfku 'z"vzc uepepa ah obnt /unmg hud u,utk vrhfnk ihhv gmuna tfv hbtas 'vzc gudbku ,ubjc ccu,xvk hudv htaru in ok,anf chaj tk ',ubek n"g 'obhh o,xc rf,anf tkt ehznv ouenc rh,ns t"nrv ;urhmc n"nu /rh,vk yuap wb sxpv drcbrt gauvh r"dvk gauvh rcscu od rufnk ihh ,ubj kgck rh,v rjcnva hsf ohraf obhta ,ubhh ohsuvh obhta ,ujuek luanh cjrv v"tkcs 'rafv ihhv od ubehu ,ubjk omgs ;ts ungyu 'kkf utuch tk

:vkuj
kfcs (d"x v"be whx) g"uauyv wp ohtpr,n ohruxhtv iht otu 'i,tbv lrsf ;t vbfx ouenc tka 'ruxt i,tbv lrsf 'vbfx uc vkhfnv vpur, iudfu) vtbv lrsf z"gn .uj 'r,un (ruxht hchfrn t"nrv wfu /b"uehp ouenc ;t vruxts vtbv hruxht kfs ohrnut ahs oa ukhpt ovc ,utpr,vk r,un ibcrs b"hh ukhptu 'vbfx uc ihta vkuj tka sckcu 'u,tbv lrsfu z"vzc uc ihtu khtuv 'ruxhtvk v,ahu kfth ,gs thcv t"rdv iuhkdc obnt /vbfx vkujk ukhpts (v"br whx) a"chrv uvutags 'obhh o,x ruxt vbfx c"ha ihtu 'vtbvc urxutk ann lxb ihhf tpud ruxhtc tba tk 'z"gc ihtpr,n ruxt kfv 'uvhhrzhctc tba tk /ibcrs ohruxht ukhptu ,nfjc wfu 'tkuek ohexupv ,grfvu ot ;ts '(c"p kkf) ost

dh

ibhgcs uvk trhcxs vtrbu /d"vbfc kuahcv h"g uvakf ihhv vb,aha vz ihtu oukf itf vagb tk v"kts kfc z"hpku 'wkaucn ihhw ka asj oa tsju 'hdx ,ufhtc ut ,unfc hubha /uyeb uvhhbhn vnka ,jbn ,"uac lcrghut z"ardvu ubka ihhc is (v"f wx) t"j hsf lfc ah ot ruyxp rcugv jh,rna ;ts 'kaucn ihhf uchajvk vkgnk tuva '(160F) 70C-fk sg iuhf n"n 'uc ,skux sh rughan ,frgn lu,c gmc,n lhkv,va hpk 'u,unfn sctn ihhv iht vrudx /vhvaf rtab ungy ;tu 'ihgk vtrbv iuhfs rnuku vzc kevk vkhj,c isu hutr vhv unmg smn ruyxpvs ihh kg f"t 'kaucnf ihhv chajvk a"trv ,rcxf) k"zj urzd tk vzf ohjhkmn ouhvfs ;t (k"bv z"gs vkhj,cf ihhv ,unfu ,ufht rnak vbexnk obnt /ohhbumhj ohgmntc c"c) a"trv c,fsn if tk ghrfv cajb tk ukack ihkhdra sn,s '(u"p hrv 'vghdbc rxtbu kaucn ihhf z"hg thvvk t,hku upudk ihh kfc ohbsa /trcx t"yhka chahkt a"hrdv sshm ifu ,uch,b ,rcujc s"uv) rhnjvk ((d"h wng c"ba, kukt) ,urafv vhv tka ihhs tnhb ht ;ts rthcu 'okugk rxtb ubht vrhzdv kkfc okugns k"h n"n 't"zardv ,rcxfu ihh kfs tkt 'wkaucnw ihh urh,v tk ihha ouhvfu 'uc urzd tk whumn ubhtaw ihhv tuv tuv ruyxp h"g kaucn

tku a"chrvf rhnjvk vkujv vmur z"hts rnuku uk reak r,un ',u,ak /ukhmvk n"g obhh o,x rnuk vtrb vhv a"chrv hrcs ruthccu khgk rtc,ba unf k"xs urzds 'obhh o,x ruxht ruenu rsdc tyughn uuv ohfxbs 'ovh,ubc ouan uhv tk sck vz smn kct 'ibhahhj tku lxb ihhk uvufnx vagnku ohrxut ubuak gnan ifu /z"gf ruxtu ann ovh,ubc ouan ubhhv" :wfa oa huuv lxb ouan hts 'trehgn rx,ht ovh,ubc ouanu 'tyughns tyughn tka unf vtbvc u,ut ohrxut uhv tk hsf tkt 'obnau o,hp ohrxut uhv od vurxt z"gk b"hh kevk utuch tka z"gs t,k ouans iuuhfu 'vtbvc tmnbu '"vtbvc vurxt 'rx,ht t,jn tsjc kfv vagba uhrcsk ann z"g ectf huuv t,avu 'lxb ihhf /ovhrcsn vkhfnv vpur,k euezv vkuj uk r,un 'lxb ihh hchfrn /vbfx uc iht ot ;t vkyhk

:kaucn ihh
kaucn ihh (d"x d"fe hx) g"uav wf 'r,un hud uc gdba ubka jh,rvan kaucn ihh treb h,nhtnu thcv l"ac obnt /atv d"g vnc hdx tks i"rvu t"carvn ibhgc tkt sjt gdr jh,rha rcf p"fu /u,jh,r h"g ygn,ha

sh

z"g ouan vhc ,hts iuuhfs 'k"bv ouan vhc ,hks ;t 'ugdn urxt g"uav iuak ,nh,x obnt /ovh,ubc vru, rnua ubhta hsuvhc ;t ruxtk huvs 'thxvrpc ,ca kkjnu ',uumnu tk lt sjt rcsk ut ,"vfk rnun ,gs tuvu z"vzc humnvfu 'z"gk wxc h"cv uthcv) ua,c t"carv 'z"g ouan tk uc iht wutfku /(y"he ovk vhvu 'ovh,ubc ouan tku wndv ,hduxn vkugv n"nu /rh,vk whjcu /lxb ihh ubhha (/v) ;s ihkujc ouan 'ogyv wf (/sh ;s) i"rv ubhmnu /uhrcs kfk hrfbf uvutaga 'i"rv hrcs ruthcc ohfrs hba whx s"uhj) iunxrpt hrvb , uacs iuuhf hudf uvutags rthc (y"g ubhnhc f"tu 'z"g sucgha uaajs ,"uac obnt /r,un ubhh 'lhha tks rthcu 'vzc is (f"e whx) s"uh x",j tuv xbes 'rjt iputc i"rv hrcs 'lxb ihhf ubhh ,uagk ibcr uvuxbes ,ca kkjn rnunc od ruxt z"hpku ifu /x",jvf vyub i"rv iuaku /ishs ruxts t"carv ,"uan x",jv thcv ouan tk uc ihts ;t 'ugdnc ;t ouan tkt 'z"g ouan tku ovh,ubc uruxht khes iuuhfs ehxv obnt /txbe htsuuc gush ihta ifhv kevk ah ujuf h"g uyhxv er ot ut ihhc gdba /,urhah tku (v"e whx) s"uhj hcm rv , uac ifu tbhss trehgns wfu 'vzc kpkpn kkjnk ezjuv ot ;t ruxtk k"v tk

/vkhj,fkn vrhzdc kkfb f"t humnv hukv ycac t"yhka rbztuu a"rdvu vrap vag (tb wx) c"j ihhbgk er ruyxpv kg lunxk 'vagnk tk lt 'thxvrpc ,ca kkjn ,ghdb /ann hud ,ghdbc ihhyabhhp n"rdvk tbjfat sdbnu ' b hx t"j s"uh) uh,urdtc d"vf kfc kehns (c"b hx c"ju 'c"xhva oujk kgn ihhv onuja l"av ,gsk ;t kaucn chajs c,fu ekj vst,v tka t"ts '(z"ex oa) /uihgk vtrb rcsv ihta ;t ubnn shva oujk onuja ut ryxupn ihh tka ;t '(~120F) uc ,skux gdnc rxtb ubht 'hubha oua uc rfhb /hud

ihhv rxut hn
wp 'cau, rd ut kcy tku kna rd ihts (c"x s"fe hx) g"uauyv ghhxnu /ruxt obhh kct gdnc ohrxut tcuv 'd"fe iuhkdc) rdhht g"rk ouan obhh 'iv ,urhzd hbas (khgk cau, rdc ;t rxtb hfvku - ovh,ubc r,unu - luxhb ouan ogdnu 'wusfu 'z"g hscug obhta cau, ut rdc /k"bfu (j"x) g"uac exp rnun hsuvh ihscu rnuncu /ugdnc b"hh vauga t"egrdv hrcsk rhpa h,t z"gk

,"uac xhhuu h"hrdv ,gsc jhfuvk ah ifu '(uy wx s"uhj) j"j rnut ghch ,"uac ghrfv ifu /u /a"g '(ubhhv otu v"s tx wx) z"j ejmh ,jbn

uy

;t vzc iht ubhnhcs vtrb tbhsku unf rhnjh apb kgc ouan 'xbe ouan tngy hts 'hcm rvc wfa lhha vz ihts hpy rc,xn f"t iuuf,nu ubuchr gsuhc er 'dduac /tk vcaba eubh, kct 'uc surnk t hx s uh) t"uzjv hrcs ohgushu sg i,yhja ;t rh,va ( u ,ut 'ca tku cuaha ,uks,av uc uagha uarhp uh,ucta hn kf zt sg kct hrv vru, tkc ksd,bu ruchmv hfrsn ihbc , uac od /zvcaba eubh, tuv vhva vgs rus urusc (d"f whx) iuhm uz trcxk rfz rhnjvk ouen r,uh ghrfv vagnks ;t) obhh o,x hcdk k"bf vtrb p"fgu '(rhnjh apb kgca tk ot ;ts 'vyhjan hpy khe ihhs 'vyhja ihhbgk ukt ,urcx kg lunxb ot ;t f"t 'xbe ouan ogyv kf tfv hutr tk n"n vcaba eubh, ann ubht huk, ann rnun ;ts yrpcu 'xbek vkhj,fks ;t ifku /ohbuatr wjnc rhnjvk iht scghsc n"n 'rvzhk hutr /jkkf vzc rnua ubhta hsuvh u,hcc jrtnv kkjnu ',uumnu vru,

vnu 'z"gk ezjun ubhta iuuhf ,ca ,gs uz rhnjvk g"uac expa rta ,gs ifa jfun ihtu t"carv ejrh apb kgcs ghrfvu 'ohbuatr /thxvrpc ,ca hkkjn ka obhhn /lnx ovk ah kevk ohdvubv obnt ot is (u"g whx) ua,c cegh ,ekjvu ,ca rnua ubhta i,jk ,,k 'tnkgc dvbn huuvs vpujc ihh obhh o,x v,ua tmnb ihh uk i,ubafu tk tfvs 'ghhxnn grdu 'unmg ka smn er 'unmg smn kkf v,ua vhv 'v,ua crv uk i,uba ihaushe /,ca kkjn ,ghdbc kevk ghrfvu z"k inhx) v j j"ut n"rdtc f"fu /unmg ,hh,ac rnunc kevk '(wj ,ut wjn tuv ann rnun ukhpts whzju wb g"uav ,gss ;tu 'ohbuatr uexp tk ohburjtv n"n rhnjvk ;ts sujhcu 'ruxhtk tphrj tbhfxc vhvh tku 'ugdnc rxut ubht cau, rd 'thna hnac truhdu tgrtc tchmh /k"bv t"egrdv ,rcxk yrpc

rjt od cuak itnn tuv ots c,fa (sh ,ut zp x j ut) aht iuzjc c muhf sug ihhg /z i,ut f unfu /rusv hnfj hpk huk, ,uks,avv rughaa tkt 'rnunf ubhs zt ung uks,ava huk, d vfc od kct 'rcs kfk ktrahf ubhs vru, tkk ksd,b tuvu ufu uarp ovh,ucta /a g /k bvc rnt tka (jkr ng) d j aht vagn xc cegh ,ukve v uxhdn unac v an ihhmk ahu] /j ubhkg xcu /a ugh ',rjt ugsh tku o,ubyen lf uksda uktc tkt if t uzjv ka unac hrcs uhbpk ughmva rjt hka chahkt a hrdv uhnj oac f (zg, ng xjbp p) jcak /a g / ufu ,ca hrnua vturu h tc rrud,nv ost kg lf rnuk vaea rntu 'k bv t uzjv ohburjt vcrv vzc ukhev rcf n n /rhnjv f unfa (yh hx) j j hscg khfah , uac g gu 'oa vrgvcu 'jh ,ut th x s uhj) t j rnut ghch , uac vcjrvc vzc is ratf (jke x) t j v htrv ,urdtcu (c n t p) ihkujc o cnrvk a nvhpc g gu /(ohtukhncu [/(vrgvc n ng ouhv ,sucg rsx) rpux i,j xcu

zy

/ou,j od ktrahv lkv ot teuus vzs trcht ubhta hudv gsuhu dkpun inzk hra tmuhu xbfb kct 'cuak s,g,n iuhkdc wfu /gdh tku hudv ,,rhns gsuh hudv iht ot ;ts t"rdv whx) ikvks 'hbvn ruzjha ,utsuuc hudv jhbvc g"uav exp (h"x j"he tmuhu xbfb ots ' hrnt sck u,hcc hudv iht kct cr inz vvua ot ukhpt rcsc ;t whahhj tk vzn vhvha gsuh ;ts oa l"av wfu /uhphkjc vbvba cuaha ,utsuuc gsuh hudv iht ot 'ibcrs hshnc tfv a"fu /kkf tuv uhphkjc vbvba rcs ;t v"tkcs vnf ,gsk ;hkjv ot epx er 'wuts epxc trnujk whkztu 'ohbuatr /tfv f"tan ruxta hudv gsuha shpevk ah obnt 'gdb tna v"kts 'ihhc gudbk uk ,,rhn tku ahdrn tku aj tks ohshpen iht vcrvu 'ruxts yuapu /rund ruxht huvs oshc ,ugyu vzc exp 'tmuhu xbfb ut ,hcc unhg iyecu ,,rns (t x uye x) t nrv icn ,ujp kevk iht n nu /hsu vhbhn /(oa) ohexupv f anf wy 'srpb rsjc ,hcc ktrahv iah otu hembne h rdv vhnan vhc uyn iahc whpt tmuhu xbfbf huvs k mz kukgs hudv gsuhs 'gce ,ba wbu 'aushj tuvu /,,rhnu rrug,vk ihhbgk ;tu /tbhsk z"g lunxk ihts ;xuh rgac t"shjv c,f sujhh ;t u,rnan u,ats (d hx ,ucua,)

vtrh vkhj,fk 'thxvrpc ,ca kfnu /kaucn ihh er ijkuak ahdvk ihhc ,ca kkjn gdb ot ouen 'scghsc ruxtk iht kaucn ubhta vbaa hnc rcusnv if ot tkt /arhpu

sujhhu gdn
,gs 'g"uav thcv z"h wx s"fe inhxc ju,p hkfc hudv ehzjv ots t"h tkc (rughb ubhhv) ufafau ihh ka /rxtb 'ihhc gudbk ut uvhcdvk k"xu ohekuj ohcrs thcv t"nrvu 'luafa ubht vvcdv tkc luafas whzj n"nu /tshxp ouenc rh,vu luafac tkt uekjb tka ,uyapc luafa tkc vvcdv kct 'vvcdv tkc f"fu 'rxtbs s"nk tfhk vghdb tkcu rjtnu /(j"h ;hgx) aurhpc g"uav ,uktabv ,uktav ka tcur cur ifa whpt 'ihh eucecc hud gdn ihhbgc tka iuuhf kkf ,ukta ibht 'ju,p vhcdnaf unmgn zza vnu) lafa lafak iuuf,ha whgcs oukf vz iht iuuf,n ihtc ihhc vghdb hcdk unfu /(rxt tks 'ou,j ubhta ;t 'rudx eucec f"unf hudv uc gdb ot vkta iht hhjc p"fu 'lafau vhcdvu ubhbpc /t"rdv iuhkdcu ost eucec og usck hudv sjhh,b ot obnt ihhv rxtb 'kaucn ubhta ihh eucecva vnc hdx tku '(j"fe g"ua) vhvha whgcu 'gdbu j,p tnas rudx

zh

uj,upk t"ta ou,j eucec 'inhx rhtavk hkcn hudv unhg sjhh,b ot ;t r,un /usck rsjc ihhv og hudv sjhh,b ot ktrahv kufhu 'kugb ubhta ihhv r,un 'oak ,g kfc xbfvk inz rugha hudk gush tk sug kf /,hcv in ktrahv rsghha cume anak kufh ga, khdn iye /ihh og hud sujhh ihhbgk rnuaf rsjc gce ,ba iahv ktrah 'rnua cuaj ubht rjt /khgun uc ihhva rsj u,utcu

tfv n"n 'yvahdrnu ,gsuhs v,bac rughh tna ouanu 'ahdrn lhha tk tk oa hudva rsjk tuchu gce ,ban /eujr aaj tuvs ,,rhn d"j) ohkgp cr , uac thsvk p"fu ghsuvk hns gce ,bas ( h inhx b"fvs 'ruxts ,uvak sh,gs hudk kf tvs 'rc,xn ifu /oueh tka vezj whexp cumeu ohuxn rugha uk i,ba hnb tfvu 'ygun inz ukhptu 'ruxts ung tmnb ots oa wf obnt /tba tk hsf uhbhg jepha ehpxnu rsjc /hra u,utrk hsf tghdrt 'ou,j ubhta ;t 'rudx ihh eucec gdn aaj ouan uc iht ung hudv rtab tk sug kf hud /usck

cf hx) asuen rzgc f fu /(v x cf x) g vt h frccu (zm hx) .nut ;xuh , uac g gu /y /(sr ng 'n hx) u j rzghkt .hm , uacu (vf x ux

jh

chacham. This is a fulfillment of the words of our sages at the end of maseches Kesubos that bringing a gift to a talmid chacham is comparable bringing bikurim. This fits beautifully with our theme, since the whole parsha of bikurim is all about hakaras hatov, learning to appreciate all the good that our Creator has bestowed upon us.

Have a happy and meaningful Tu Bishvat.

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by the Taz and Mishna Berura. The Yerushalmi says that one will give a din vecheshbon (detailed account) on every fruit that his eyes beheld and he did not partake from. Likewise the Talmud records, Rabbi Elazar saved up money to purchase new fruits each year, and the Korban Nesanel explains that he did so in order to recite shehecheyanu. This needs clarification. Why would there be such scrutiny? Furthermore what is the source for this obligation, the Talmud seemingly doesnt cite a source. I would like to offer a thought based on the Meshech Chochma which will shed light on the above and also give us a deeper insight and appreciation for the holiday of Tu Bishvat. In the beginning of sefer Bereishis, Hashem commands Adam .g kfn ubnn kft, tk gru cuy ,gsv .gnu kft, kft idv. Some may translate this to mean "from all the trees you MAY eat". However, an alternate translation may be suggested. The words kft, kft dont imply permission, rather obligation. In fact the Meshech Chochma says that the double language of kft, kft implies that this was a vag ,umn (a positive commandment), and if Adam would have related this properly to Chava she would have never fallen prey to eating from the Tree of Knowledge. What is the meaning behind all this? The answer is that Hashem gave us a beautiful world to learn to enjoy and appreciate, and through appreciation one comes closer to Hashem. As long as and we use the means that he commanded us to use we dont need to resort to other sources of pleasure which may be harmful! This is the source for the words of our sages in maseches Keddushin, and this is why the sages of old were so careful not to miss out every year on appreciating the renewal of fruits in the market each year. There is also a custom on Tu Bishvat to bring some of the new fruits of the year to a talmid

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Tu Bishvat Insights from the Halacha Seder at Cong. Ahavas Yitzchok Given by Rabbi Daniel Aron Coren

In honor the of the holiday of trees, better known as 'Tu Bishvat' I would like to share a thought with you that emerged through the nightly halacha seder that we have here in Cong. Ahavas Yitzchok. The poskim (O.C. 225) delineate the three different sets of circumstances upon which one recites the blessing of shehecheyanu: One type of shehechayanu is recited on a Yom Tov this blessing is obligatory regardless of whether one feels a sensation of joy or not. A second category is the blessing one makes upon seeing a new seasonal fruit in the market. This blessing the poskim say is reshus (not obligatory) yet for some reason we have accepted it as a chova (obligation). The last category is the shehecheyanu recited on new clothing and other items that one experiences special joy in acquiring. This is a very subjective blessing, since it depends on ones level of joy. I would like to focus on the second category: What is the deeper reasoning for the shehecheyanu on new fruits? Why has this blessing found special favor in the eyes of our great sages in the past and caused them to expend much effort and money to recite this blessing. The answer to these questions lies in a statement made by the Talmud Yerushalmi (end of mas. Keddushin), which is quoted

17

is permitted given that the gentile is not aware of the length of the Jews absence. A child who has not yet become a bar mitzvah is qualified to be an overseer in regards to a gentile being secluded with wine. One who is fast asleep is not considered to be an overseer unless the wine is in the same room with the person.
(for a more detailed discussion on the above topic please refer to the hebrew side)

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Psakim from: Hilchos Yaiyen Nesech One should not purchase wine from a gentile-owned store even if the wine is mevushal. If a gentile walks into a Jewish-owned wine store and handles a bottle with intention to purchase the bottle and then refrains from doing so, he has not rendered the wine obhh o,x. An ill person is permitted to consume a medication that contains wine-based ingredients, even if the illness is not life threatening. Pasteurized wine (that has been heated to ~120F), does not become assur through the handling of a gentile. One that hosts a non-Sabbath observant Jew should be careful to only serve cooked wine at the table. Yet, even if the non-observant Jew were to touch non-cooked wine the wine does not become assur. This is true with the provision that the person in question was not born into an observant family and has since abandoned his faith. A closed bottle, even one that has no seal, does not become assur by the handling of a gentile, unless the gentile was left alone with the bottle. It is permissible to leave a gentile alone with a bottle of wine if one cannot open the bottle without it going unnoticed. If a gentile is left alone in an unlocked room with a bottle of wine and a Jew has the ability to enter at any moment, the wine

15

Psakim from: The Ravs visit to Eretz Yisroel (Chanukah)

One who leaves his house prior to the preferred time of lighting

and does not plan on returning until much later, may appoint on his behalf a shliach to light and recite the berachos Nevertheless, the baal habayis should make sure there is enough oil that the candles will still be burning upon his return.

If one does not have the designated amount of candles for any

given night he should light as many as are in his possession. If additional candles will become available to him later on that night he may light those too without a beracha.

It is proper to light a shamash even when in a lit room (and there

is no need for the light given off by the candle). At the least, one shamash should be kindled for all menorahs in the room.

A guest should partake in the expenses of the ba'al ha'bayis and

in turn is yotzei his fulfillment of lighting through the ba'al habayis, yet he may light his own candles if he wishes to do so. It is obligatory for each individual guest to partake in the costs of the ba'al ha'bayis and halachically inadequate to rely on their respective father figure's lighting.

A kattan who becomes of age on Chanukah can light on the

night of his Bar Mitzvah at shkiah as was his foregoing practice and does not have to wait until tzes ha'cochavim, as some authorities require.
(for a more detailed discussion on the above topic please refer to the hebrew side)

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his fellow Jew? Perhaps it would be wrong to give his left kidney, his yetzer ha-ra, to someone else! The Baba Sali said that he should, in fact, give his left kidney. The very fact that he chose to be moser nefesh for someone else would change his yetzer ha-ra into something good!) In the Shiras Ha-Yam, Klal Yisrael praised Hashem for the fact that Sus u-rachvo rama va-yam. The midrash explains that under ordinary circumstances, a drowning horse and rider would drown separately under the water, but in this case, they remained together even as they drowned in the sea. The Ohev Yisrael notes that Ha-Kadosh Baruch Hu made this particular miracle to demonstrate that the horse was held equally responsible for its role in chasing Klal Yisrael. The horse therefore went down in the same wave as its rider. This is why the women sang only this pasuk as shira after Krias Yam Suf. Women achieve Olam Ha-Ba because they facilitate talmud Torah, as they encourage their husbands and children to learn. When the women saw the miracle of sus ve-rachvo, they recognized the great punishment and reward of helping to achieve a goal. I would go a step further. When the horse was used for a negative purpose, for chasing Klal Yisrael, that horse was ruined, and therefore suffered the consequences. Shlomo Ha-Melech teaches us that just as the fragrance of the oil remains long after just as one is positively affected by coming into contact with the Torah She-Beal Peh one can be negatively affected by his actions as well. No one is immune to his environment.

13

va-yam. The Sefer Ha-Chinuch explains that ones environment is like wet paint no matter what you do, some rubs off on you. Do not imagine that you will emerge unaffected; your choice of friends today determines who you will be in the future. The converse is also true, however. If you have a relationship with a good person, he will certainly have some influence on you. Chazal teach us that the maaleh of Torah She-Beal Peh is that it can only be acquired through a connection with a rebbe. Tanach can be learned without a teacher or a chavrusa, but no one can properly study Torah She-Beal Peh without guidance and the proper environment, a beis medrash. As a result, one who studies Torah She-Beal Peh is affected by his surroundings more than one who studies Torah She-Bichsav; it is like water, while Tanach is like wine. The Kedushas Levi explains that this is also why the Torah She-Beal Peh is compared to oil. When you pour oil out of its jar, its fragrance remains the effect is still there. When one becomes connected to a rebbe, to a good chabura, the effect remains even after he leaves their side. vmurb lhrjt hbfan he is pulled after his actions, drawn towards the good, perhaps against his will, because he has done good in the past. (Someone once asked the Baba Sali which of his kidneys he should donate to a Jew in need of a transplant. After all, Chazal teach that one kidney provides good advice, while the other is somewhat of a yetzer ha-ra. Presumably, the right kidney is the yetzer ha-tov; should he keep that kidney for himself or give it to

12

lives. If he would try to lecture ethics to his university students, no one would pay any attention, even if they were ordinarily interested in his classes. The Lubliner Rav explained this phenomenon based on our introduction to the last perek of Perkei Avos: Baruch she-bachar bahem u-ve-mishnasam. We acknowledge that Hashem chose not only what our teachers teach, but our teachers themselves and we want to be like them. Students come to their classes in university in order to get their degree and then move on with their lives. None of them are interested in their professor, who he is as a person. In fact, they dont think anything about him is the slightest bit appealing. But yeshiva students listen to their Rav because they want to be like him, because they exemplify their teachings. Shlomo Ha-Melech recognized that we must thank Hashem for our opportunity to be close to him, that we must sing a shir for the shirim. The Alshich notes our redundant description of Hashem as the Melech ha-mehullal ba-tishbachos, the King who is praised with praise. The fact that we can praise Ha-Kadosh Baruch Hu is itself remarkable; we must be thankful that we can thank Him!

/lna eru, ina 'ohcuy lbna jhrk /ihhn lhsus ohcuy hf/// Shlomo compares the Torah She-Bechsav to wine and the Torah She-Beal Peh to water, which is better than wine. He then uses the analogy of oils and fragrances to describe Torah. Afterwards, Shlomo moves on to a different mashal: h,hgr lh,hns vgrp hcfrc h,xxk. Chazal say that this refers to the women of Klal Yisrael, who sang an abridged shira after Krias Yam Suf Sus u-rachvo rama

11

Olam talking to each Yid. The more you understand the Torah, the better you connect to Ha-Kadosh Baruch Hu. The purpose of learning is not only to know the halacha; we study gemara because we value our relationship with the Ribbono shel Olam. Shlomo Ha-Melech wrote Shir Ha-Shirim about this kesher between Klal Yisrael and Ha-Kadosh Baruch Hu through the Torah ihhn lsus ohcuy hf 'uvhp ,uehabn hbeah. All the other shiros thank Hashem for granting us life, but this shira thanks Him for our quality of life, for making our lives worth living as people connected to Hashem. Even Matan Torah is impossible without Shir Ha-Shirim, without realizing our value and potential. This is why Shir Ha-Shirim is kodesh kadoshim.

Perek 1 vnkak rat ohrhav rha The meforshim question why this pasuk uses a different lashon than the ordinary usage, which would be Shir Ha-Shirim le-Shlomo. When asked to make any request that he desired, Shlomo asked for chochma, thereby showing the world that wisdom is the most valuable possession possible and provides the ultimate satisfaction. Shir Ha-Shirim exemplifies Shlomo Ha-Melech, because he taught the world about the value of ruchniyus. He is a living example of Shir Ha-Shirim. The Lubliner Rav was once approached by a secular professor, who questioned how yeshiva students could listen to the Rav lecture for hours on end about how they should lead their

10

Shir Ha-Shirim

Introduction Chazals description and emphasis of the importance of Shir Ha-Shirim is perplexing. The Zohar says that Shir Ha-Shirim is so called because it is the greatest song of all songs greater than Az Yashir and Haazinu. Moreover, Rabbi Akiva insists (Yadayim 3:5) that everyone agrees that Shir Ha-Shirim is metamei es ha-yadayim as holy as the other sifrei Tanach, touching of which make ones hands impure. Indeed, no day in history was as valuable as the day that we received Shir Ha-Shirim! Shir Ha-Shirim, Rabbi Akiva teaches, is kodesh kodashim. What is so amazing and holy about this particular shira? If you receive a letter from your kallah, you dont read it as if reviewing bekiyus you study and examine every word. Did she mean this or did she mean that? How much did she mean that? The more you love someone, the more you want to understand their communication with you. And the better you communicate, the more you connect with that person. How do we grow to love Ha-Kadosh Baruch Hu? How can we possibly fulfill the mitzva of Ve-ahavta es Hashem Elokecha? There may be different methods for different people, but clearly the best way of becoming closer to the Ribbono shel Olam is through talmud Torah, His communication to us. Every word in the Torah, every phrase in the gemara, is the Ribbono shel

people were falling through and getting injured. A wise man suggested that rather than incur the costs of transporting people to treatment by purchasing helicopters and ambulances, it would be preferable to build a hospital on premises. In reality, this person is obviously not a wise man, for a wise man would be treating the problem, not the symptom. He would be fixing the bridge, not building a hospital. That is the distinction between non-Jewish courts and Jewish courts; non-Jewish courts are treating symptoms while the Jewish courts are fixing the underlying problem in order to prevent it from happening again. Thats why the posuk says lifneihem. The Torah created a body of laws, those which we learn in Parshas Mishaptim, to restore us back to the level at Sinai. That is the reason for the Vav, and that is the reason for shmitta - to reconnect Israel back to Sinai at the level where we all stood together as one Vayichan sham yisroal neged hahar. Where Israel stood together as one.

they refer to a deep connection between Shmittah and Sinai. Just as at Sinai we had perfect unity so, too during Shmitta we are all one. Mishpatim deals with the many different types of nezikin, monetary damages. Examining the root cause of many damages will show that they were resultant of negligence on the part of the owner of that which caused the damage. This is also the theme of Meseches Bava Kama: your friends money should be as dear as your own money. The degree to which you watch your own money is how you should be watching your friends. Have you ever wondered why is it that a human is always considered a muad (likely to damage)? Even while sleeping man has to pay for an item he damages. A person has to come to the realization that just as if they damage their own item while sleeping they have to pay to replace it, so too when they damage someone elses item they need to replace it. But it is more than just that. It is really as if it is their item they are damaging, and thats how they need to understand their responsibility toward the property of another Jew. The Ramchal understands Veila hamishpatim asher tasim lifneihem, and these are the laws you should place before them, as a mandate to bring disputes to a Jewish court rather than a gentile court. The gemara says that even if the ruling will be the same a Jew may not go to a secular court. This halacha can be understood based on the following parable: A bridge had developed a crack in the roadway. As a result,

can fulfill the entire Torah. There are mitzvos that apply to a kohen that a yisrael cannot do. There are mitzvos for women which aren't applicable to men. Hillel answers that there are two ways to fulfill the Torah - you can try to do it alone, or you can get the Torah as part of the nation and accept it together. The Ksav Sofer notes that Hillel told the convert, As an individual you have a great question; become part of the nation and then you can fulfill the Torah. At Maamad Har Sinai, the Sinai experience, the Jewish nation was kish ached bleiv echad, like one man with one heart. Only at that level, when we are all together, are we able to accept the Torah. The Ksav Sofer similarly understands that since Shmitta is a year when every property owner opens up his fields and says, Whoever wants can take from my field, Shmitta is when we all become united. And thats the level on which we were at Sinai united together like one man with one heart. Shmitta is the year during which all of Klal Yisrael is one. Division arises where there is competition. Competition can only exist in the arena of gashmius, the mundane. By landowners not showing ownership over the years crop, competition, and thereby division, is thus eliminated. In ruchnius, spirituality, however, we are together working towards one goal. We are one. If you have a machlokes in ruchnius it is due to your ruchnius being gashmiusdik, overly influenced by the mundane. With this we can now understand what Chazal mean when

Parshas Mishpatim

What other function does a Vav serve? Chazal state that the Vav in the opening phrase of this weeks parsha, Veila hamishpatim, and these are the laws, is a link to the previous parsha, Yisro. Just as Yisro, which recounts the Sinai revelation, took place at Sinai, so too this weeks parsha and the halachos therein, were given at Sinai. This seems difficult to understand, as how could one have thought differently? Where else did these laws come from? What is the need to state the obvious? There is another parsha in the Torah connected explicitly to Sinai. This is the beginning of Parshas Behar which discusses the laws of Shmittah, the sabbatical year during which it is prohibited to exercise ownership over ones fields. Chazal state, Just as Shmitta is from Sinai, so all the other halachos are from Sinai. What is this message; what is the inherent connection between Shmittah and Sinai? One idea from the Ksav Sofer can help us arrive at some answers. The gemara in Maseches Shabbos recounts a famous story about a prospective convert coming to Hillel to learn Torah. The convert asks Hillel to teach him the entire Torah on one foot. Why does the questioner use the term on one foot? The Ksav Sofer explains as follows: The convert came to Hillel and said, I looked at the Torah, and there is no one person that

between young children and Kodshim? The entire purpose of the Beis Ha-Mikdash is renewal, and children are the easiest to mold and change. When a person enters the Beis Ha-Mikdash, he must be prepared to be shaped and changed, like a young child. The ability to change and grow is integral to Yiddishkeit, and that hischadshus is represented by the rebirth of the trees on Tu Be-Shvat

Avinu as a five year old will be the way he envisions him when he is fifty; the way a person learns to daven when he is three is how he will daven forever, unfortunately. Chazal recognized this problem, and purposely chose Vayikra as the appropriate book for young children. No child is going to grow up thinking that he really knows Kodshim, but he might think that he really understands Bereishis!

that is internalized. In fact, the Tur (O.C. 139) writes that we refer to the Torah She-Beal Peh when we refer to the Torah asher nata be-socheinu. This Torah has no value if it does not essentially change the person. If a person learns a blatt gemara and remains the same person he was before, the blatt gemara had no tachlis. Be-chol yom yehiyu be-einecha ke-chadashim every day, the Torah should do something new to you; it should be a cause of renewal and rebirth. In this sense, people are comparable to trees. Trees renew themselves every year; the very same tree produces new fruit every year. A person must similarly continuously renew himself ki ha-adam etz ha-sadeh. For that reason, the Torah She-Beal Peh was given at the time when the trees begin the process of rebirth to teach us that this is the tachlis of the Torah. Similarly, the purpose of geula was renewal, and it therefore had to take place at the time when the entire creation renews itself Nisan. We likewise begin to teach children Torah at a time that symbolizes renewal after three years, when a tree becomes usable. This is the chashivus of Tu Be-Shvat it represents the hischadshus necessary for every Jew. This point further clarifies another question. The Toras Kohanim writes that children should begin learning Torah with Sefer Vayikra: Yavo kedoshim ve-yisasku be-inyanei kedusha ve-tahara. Kodshim is the most complicated seder in Shas; it seems like a strange choice to teach to children! Wouldnt Bereishis be a more logical choice?2 What is the connection

Rav Yaakov Kaminetzky explained that what people learn as children remains imprinted in their minds their entire lives. The way a person pictured Avraham

2.

Great significance is assigned to the trees elsewhere as well. Hashem chose to redeem Klal Yisrael from Egypt in Nisan, the chodesh ha-aviv, and we are commanded to ensure that Pesach always falls out during this time by making leap years. While the trees birthday is Tu Be-Shvat, the fruits begin to blossom in Nisan. Birchas Ha-Ilanos is supposed to be recited in Nisan, even though the trees might in theory begin to blossom at a different point,1 because the geula was in Nisan; in fact, the geula took place in Nisan because that is when the trees blossom! Why is such great importance attributed to the trees?

Hischadshus There are two elements of Torah lilmud, to learn, and la-asos, to do which are intrinsically intertwined. Someone who learns she-lo al menas la-asos, without the goal of acting upon his learning, is condemned by Chazal noach lo she-lo nivra, (Yirushalmi Brachos 1,2) it would have been better if he was never created. There is no value to such learning. Learning is simply a way of internalizing what type a person is supposed to be. This is fulfilled by the study of Torah She-Beal Peh, the part of the Torah

The poskim discuss whether this bracha is a mitzvas asei she-ha-zman grama, from which women should be exempt. They conclude that it is not, since it is not really the zman that is gorem the mitzva, but rather nature if the trees were to blossom in Tamuz, we would make the bracha then. Rav Shlomo Kluger (Responsa Ha-elef Lecha Shlomo O.C. 193) questions the Magen Avraham for assuming that Kiddush Levana is a mitzvas asei she-ha-zman grama; the bracha simply marks when the new moon appears an element of nature, not time and a woman should therefore be obligated as much as a man. (The same could be said for Birchas Ha-Chama.)

1.

Tu Be-Shvat

The Shulchan Aruch rules (Hilchos Tachanun 131) that Tachanun is not recited on Tu Be-Shvat. The Vilna Gaon writes that this is obvious, as Tu Be-Shvat is a Yom Tov; the first mishna in Rosh Hashana designates it as one of the Roshei Hashana (Rosh Hashana 1,1). But what exactly are we celebrating on Tu Be-Shvat? Tu Be-Shvat simply defines the age of a tree; any tree that had developed to a certain extent before this particular date is considered as if entering a new year when Tu Be-Shvat arrives. Why should this day be a Yom Tov? This question is further strengthened by an interesting comment of the Zohar. Sefer Devarim, in which Moshe clarifies the entire Torah for Klal Yisrael, was transmitted in the eleventh month the month of Shvat (Dvarim 1). The Zohar writes that Shvat is the month of Torah She-Beal Peh, the time of the clarification of the Torah, and this month was chosen for this purpose because it is the time of the trees birthday. Why is this element so significant? In addition, one of the sources for the Chassidishe minhag of cutting a childs hair only when he turns three is the mitzva of orlah. A trees fruit may not be used for the first three years, and ha-adam etz ha-sadeh a person is compared to a tree (Tanchuma kedoshim 9). While this source is a rather weak makor for the massive festivities that have grown around the upsherin, Chazal also associate the minhag of teaching a child the alef-beis at age three based on this comparison to a tree.

Kovetz "Yerios Hamishkan"

Issue 1, Shevat 5772

Tu Be-Shvat..1

Parshas Mishpatim-Shkalim.....................................................5 Compiled by Shimi Rosenberg

Directors
Reuven Frankel

Shir Ha-Shirim.9

Rabbi Daniel A. Coren

Psakim from: The Rav's visit to Eretz Yisroel (Chanuka)...14 Compiled by Ovadia Hoffman

Editorial Staff

Psakim from: Hilchos Yayin Nesech..15 Compiled by Ovadia Hoffman

Yitzchak H. Ashkenazi, Editor-in-Chief Ovadia Hoffman, Editor Shmuel Reich, Editor Shragi Eckstein, Formatting

Tu Be-Shvat Insights from the Nightly Halacha Seder at Cong. Ahavas Yitzchok.17 Rabbi Daniel Coren

To be updated on future issues and subscription information: yh@ahavasyitzchok.org

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SHVAT 5772 PARSHAS MISHPATIM SHIR HA-SHIRIM TU BE-SHVAT PSAKIM