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GAS SWEETENING
PROCESS CONSTRAINTS
- CRYOGENIC PROCESSES (Ethane extraction, LNG Manufacture) CO2 Solidification at temperatures below - 70/80C
DGEP/SCR/ED/ECP
DGEP/SCR/ED/ECP
CHEMICAL ABSORPTION
PHYSICAL ABSORPTION
PHYSICO- CHEMICAL ABSORPTION
PHYSICAL ADSORPTION
CRYOGENIC PROCESS (CO2 Removal only)
MEMBRANES
Direct Conversion To SULPHUR
DGEP/SCR/ED/ECP
CHEMICAL ABSORPTION
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CHEMICAL ABSORPTION
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CHEMICAL ABSORPTION
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CHEMICAL ABSORPTION
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CHEMICAL ABSORPTION
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CHEMICAL ABSORPTION
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DEA PROCESS
ADVANTAGES :
No degradation by COS & CS2 Absorption of mercaptans Good stability low absorption of HC No reclaimer reduced vaporization losses public Higher circulation rate (lower activity) Higher utility requirements Oxydation No selectivity between H2S & CO2
DISADVANTAGES :
-
UTILIZATION : H2S, CO2, COS, CS2, RSH (up to 20%) SPLIT FLOW SNEA-DEA : higher concentration
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MDEA PROCESS
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MDEA PROCESS
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CHEMICAL ABSORPTION
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ADVANTAGES :
No degradation by COS & CS2 Good chemical stability No reaction with air low absorption of HC No reclaimer Low heat requirement (50% of corresponding amine unit) Low reactivity with H2S No mercaptans absorption higher water content of treated gas licensing fee
DISADVANTAGES :
-
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PHYSICAL ABSORPTION
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PHYSICAL ABSORPTION
WATER WASH : partial treatment SELEXOL PROCESS : NORTON (dimethyl ether of polyethylene glycol)
up to 65% of CO2 light gas sweetening regeneration by flash
PURISOL : LURGI
- Selective process to remove H2S even in case of low H2S/CO2 ratio - Gas dehydration by add solvent and heat regeneration
RECTISOL : LURGI
Refrigerated solution of MeOH (high selectivity for CO2) Recompression of flashed gas
ESTASOLVAN : UHDE
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SEPASOLV-MPE : BASF
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SELEXOL PROCESS
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MORPHYSORB PROCESS
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PHYSICAL ABSORPTION
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PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROCESS
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SULFINOL PROCESS
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CHEMICO-PHYSICAL ABSORPTION
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SULIFINOL (SHELL)
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SULFINOL (SHELL)
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HYBRISOL PROCESS
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HYBRISOL PROCESS
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PHYSICAL ADSORPTION
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PHYSICAL ADSORPTION
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PHYSICAL ADSORPTION
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CRYOGENIC PROCESS
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SPREX
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PERMEATION (Membranes)
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MEMBRANE PROCESS
MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY
For bulk removal of CO2
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RESIDUAL GAS
PERMEATE TUBE HIGH PRESSURE GAS MIXTURE MEMBRANE/CLOTH COMPOSITE HIGH PRESSURE GAS MIXTURE PERMEATE CHANNEL SPACER RESIDUAL GAS
RESIDUAL GAS
HIGH PRESSURE CHANNEL SPACER
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RESIDUE GAS
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FIBER MEMBRANE
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FIBER MEMBRANE
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FIBER MEMBRANE
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MEMBRANE PROCESS
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MEMBRANE PROCESS
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MEMBRANE PROCESS
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MEMBRANE PROCESS
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PROCESS COMPARISON
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PROCESS COMPARISON
ABSORPTION : H2S + 2 Fe3+(L) -------> 2 H+ + S + 2 Fe2+(L) REGENERATION : 1/2 O2 + H2O + 2 Fe2+(L) ------> 2 OH- + 2 Fe3+(L) OVERALL : H2S + 1/2 O2 -------> H2O + S
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SULFINT (IFP)
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FIELD OF APPLICATION
LOW FLOWRATE LOW PRESSURE (EXCEPT SULFINT FROM IFP) LOW H2S CONTENT ( < 1000 ppm )
LICENSORS US FILTER ( LO-CAT) IFP with Le Gaz Intgral (SULFINT) SHELL ( SULFEROX )
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PROCESS COMPARISON
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CHEMICAL ABSORPTION
ADVANTAGES
DRAWBACKS
Not affected by acid gas High partial pressure consumption Low absorption of HC In public domain Reasonable solvent cost of
steam
Foaming tendency (except hot carbonate) Boiler water for make-up Corrosion tendency
Extensive
references
industrial
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PHYSICAL ABSORPTION
ADVANTAGES
DRAWBACKS
Low energy requirement Depends on acid gas partial pressure and temperature Low corrosion Remove mercaptans HC absorption unit affected) (Claus
Low water content in High cost of solvents produced gas Proprietary processes No need of pure water make-up
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PHYSICAL ADSORPTION
ADVANTAGES
DRAWBACKS
Low CO2 content in the Valid for low CO2 initial contents produced gas Low corrosion May mercaptans Combined drying with remove water High regeneration temperature (furnace)
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MEMBRANE
ADVANTAGES
DRAWBACKS
Low
requirement
energy Depends on acid gas partial pressure and temperature High residual CO2 content (a few percent)
water content in produced gas Sensitive to some contaminants No need of pure Low life time of solvent make-up membranes (3 to 5 years) Can be operated un Proprietary processes manned (offshore)
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PROCESS
NOTE
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AMINE WITH NOT FULLY MOLECULAR REFERENCED SIEVE SULFINOL HC ABSORTION (CLAUS UNIT)
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