Adobe Photoshop CS2 Part 3: Touching Up and Blending Pictures

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SERVICES California State University, Los Angeles www.youtube.com/mycsula

Version 2.0 Summer 2009

Contents
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................2 Downloading the Data Files...............................................................................................................2 Touching up a Photo...........................................................................................................................2 Fixing Red Eye...............................................................................................................................3 Using the Clone Stamp Tool .........................................................................................................3 Faded Photo Restoration.................................................................................................................5 Using Brightness/Contrast........................................................................................................5 Adjusting Color Balance..........................................................................................................5 Finalizing the Adjustment with Levels....................................................................................6 Removing Dust and Cracks from Photos.......................................................................................7 Smudge ..........................................................................................................................................7 Sharpen Tool...................................................................................................................................8 History Brush..................................................................................................................................9 Fixing Facial Blemishes....................................................................................................................11 Duplicating the Image..................................................................................................................11 Touching up the Image.................................................................................................................11

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Introduction
Adobe Photoshop is the industry standard for still image manipulation and editing. It is the premier product used by web designers, photographers, and video professionals. With many powerful tools, Photoshop allows users to craft images with only the imagination of the user as a limitation. One of the most useful uses of Photoshop is repairing pictures that did not come out correctly after being developed or has degraded for one reason or another. To understand and perform the concepts in this workshop, prior attendance at Part 1: Introduction to Photoshop and Part 2: Manipulating Layers is essential.

Downloading the Data Files

The sample data files used in this handout are available for download. To download the data files: 1. Click the Start button and select Internet Explorer. The browser window opens. 2. Type http://www.calstatela.edu/its/training/datafiles/photoshopcs2p3.exe in the Address bar and press the [Enter] key. The File Download dialog box opens (see Figure 1).

Figure 1 - File Download Dialog Box Figure 2 - Save As Dialog Box

3. 4. 5. 6.

Click the Save button. The Save As dialog box opens (see Figure 2). Select the appropriate location (e.g., personal flash drive) from the Save in: drop-down list. In the File name: text box, rename the file or leave the default file name. Click the Save button.

Touching up a Photo
Some of the photo touching up features that will be introduced in this handout are fixing red eye, using the clone stamp, and adjustment layers.

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FIXING RED EYE

Red eye is a side effect of using flash photography where the eyes reflect the flash of the bulb causing the pupils to appear red. Photoshop allows removal of this side effect. A Channel layer will be created and used to modify the image.
NOTE: The symbol is used throughout this handout as a shortcut notation indicating a sequence of steps that the user should follow to execute the described procedure.

To fix red eye: 1. From the data file folder, open the file red_eye.psd. 2. Select the Layer menu New Adjustment Layer Channel Mixer. The New Layer dialog box opens 3. Leave the default settings and click the OK button. The Channel Mixer dialog box opens (see Figure 3). 4. Click the Output Channel drop-down arrow and select Red. 5. In the Source Channel section, adjust the sliders to the following settings Red: 0%, Green: +50%, Blue: +50%. 6. Click the OK button. 7. Select the Channel Mixer 1 layer (the layer just created). 8. Select the Edit menu Fill. The Fill dialog box appears. 9. Select Black from the Use: drop-down list (see Figure 4). This will remove the effect of the adjustment layer OK button. 10. Select the Brush Tool (B) from the Toolbox. 11. Click on the Set Foreground Color button on the Toolbox. The Color Picker dialog box opens. 12. Enter 255 in the R:, G:, and B: text boxes OK button. 13. Paint over the eyes on the image to remove red eye effect. If necessary magnify the image by clicking in the Zoom text box on the image status bar and typing a new setting (up to a maximum of 1600%) [Enter].

Figure 3 - Channel Mixer dialog box

Figure 4 - Fill dialog box

USING THE CLONE STAMP TOOL

The Clone Stamp Tool (S) allows for copying one area of a picture and using it as a customized brush to paint on the canvas. This is accomplished by first selecting a source area that will be used as a paint brush. The Clone Stamp Tool (S) is best used for detail-oriented work. To use the Clone Stamp Tool (S):
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Locate and open the using_clone_stamp.psd data file. Select the working layer in the Layer palette. Select the Clone Stamp Tool (S) from the Toolbox. Increase the Zoom to 300% in the image status bar. Click the Click to open the Brush Preset picker drop-down arrow on the Option toolbar. Select a brush size of 5.
NOTE: The Clone Stamp Tool (S) will be used to cover over the person circled in Figure 5.

Figure 5 - Photo before Using the Clone Stamp Tool (S)

7. Hold down [ALT] and click on the canvas to select the source (the portion of the image that will be used as the brush. Click over an area near the object that is to be removed). 8. Release [ALT] and click and drag the mouse over the canvas to paint. Notice how the area that was set as the source is being use to paint. 9. Repeat steps 7 and 8 to finish the removal (using different parts of the canvas from either sides of the item being removed) (see Figure 6).

Figure 6 - Photo after Using the Clone Stamp Tool (S)

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FADED PHOTO RESTORATION

When a photo has been stored for a long time, the quality will begin to deteriorate and there will be a loss of color constitution. Combinations of Color Balance, Brightness/Contrast, and Levels can be used to make the picture look more natural. Each performs similar actions but in a slightly different manner.

Using Brightness/Contrast
The first step to restoring the photo is to adjust the lighting. The photo used in this example initally appears too dark and has poor color contrast. Adding a Brightness/Contrast adjustment layer to the image will allow for editing the photos light information, fixing the darkness. To modify the faded photo: 1. Locate and open the faded.jpg data file. Notice how the photo does not appear vibrant (see Figure 7).

Figure 7 - Picture before Modification

2. Select the Layer menu New Adjustment Layer Brightness/Contrast. The New Layer dialog box opens. 3. Leave the default layer name and click the OK button. The Brightness/Contrast dialog box opens. 4. Enter 21 in the Brightness: text box and 4 in the Contrast: text box (see Figure 8) OK button. Notice how the lighting in the picture became brighter.

Figure 8 - Brightness/Contrast Dialog Box

Adjusting Color Balance

The image contains grass and sky. The Color Balance feature can be used to accentuate these. Color Balance will balance out two contrasting colors by accentuating one while removing the
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other. For example, if the Yellow/Blue slider in the Color Balance dialog box is moved towards blue it removes yellow tones from the image and replaces it with a blue hue (see Figure 9). To adjust the Color Balance: 1. Select the Layer menu New Adjustment Layer Color Balance. The New Layer dialog box opens. 2. Leave the default name and click the OK button. The Color Balance dialog box opens. 3. Move the Magenta/Green slider to +42 (towards green). 4. Move the Yellow/Blue slider to +14 (towards blue) OK button. The overall effect was to make the grass greener (see Figure 9).

Figure 9 - Color Balance Dialog Box

Finalizing the Adjustment with Levels

The final adjustment performed on the image is to adjust the luminosity and the color density on the image. This defines the rate at which colors are clustered together. This can be considered a sharpness modifier for color placement. Levels will correct this and complete the photo restoration. To adjust the luminosity and color density using Levels: 1. Select the Layer menu New Adjustment Layer Levels. The New Layer dialog box opens. 2. Leave the default name and click the OK button. The Levels dialog box opens. 3. Move the Input midtones slider to 0.92.

Figure 10 - Levels Dialog Box

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4. Move the Output highlights slider to 247 (see Figure 10) OK button.
NOTE: This is a very elementary use of Levels, balancing the level of white versus black on the image using the combined RGB channel. After becoming more familiar with the program, practice manipulating the levels of the individual color channels by changing the levels of red, green, and blue. NOTE: After completing the adjustments to the image, notice how it has changed from when it was first opened (see Figure 11).

Figure 11 - The Image After Adjustments Have Been Made

REMOVING DUST AND CRACKS FROM PHOTOS

One of the best uses of Photoshop is to restore old photographs that have been damaged. The picture may have specs of dust embedded in it, or it may have been bent and there is now a crease mark across it. In Photoshop these flaws can be removed from the photograph by blending the surrounding areas over the damaged portions of the image.

SMUDGE
The Smudge Tool (R) is a type of blurring tool that acts similar to dragging a finger through wet paint. It can be used to smudge over the cracks in the image making the cracks disappear. To smudge parts of an image: 1. Locate and open the crack.jpg data file. 2. Right-click the Blur Tool (R) in the Toolbox to display the hidden tools (column 1, row 7 on the Toolbox) (see Figure 12).

Figure 12 - Blur, Sharpen, and Smudge Tools

3. Select the Smudge Tool (R)

from the list.

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NOTE: The brush size option in the Options toolbar is the same as the one for the Brush Tool (B). Changing the Mode: of the Smudge Tool (R) will allow for lightening (Lighten) or darkening (Darken) of the smudged area. The Normal will retain the original light depth.

4. Drag the mouse over the crack to repair the crack (see Figure 13).

Figure 13 - How to Smudge

NOTE: Dragging back over the smudge area will ensure that the blending is proper on either side.

5. Repeat step 4 to remove the entire cracked area.

SHARPEN TOOL
The Smudge Tool (R) that was just used will leave the image slightly blurred. To counter the effect, the Sharpen Tool (R) will be used. Use the Sharpen Tool (R) to increase the contrast of the blurred areas and the image will appear as though it were never modified. To use the Sharpen Tool (R): 1. Right-click the Smudge Tool (R) in the Toolbox (column 1, row 7). 2. Select the Sharpen Tool from the hidden tools menu. The Options toolbar will change slightly if the preceding selected tool was the Smudge Tool (R). 3. Adjust the Strength to 20% in the Options toolbar (see Figure 14).

Figure 14 - Strength

NOTE: Using a lower strength for the Sharpen Tool (R) will allow for more precise control over the modifications. This will also lower the likelihood that the area is sharpened too much, causing an unnatural look.

4. Drag over the area that was smudged in the previous section.
NOTE: If the area still appears blurry (compared to the entire canvas), drag over the area again with the Sharpen Tool (R).

5. Repeat step 4 to sharpen the rest of the modified areas (see Figure 15).
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Figure 15 - Photo Fixed

HISTORY BRUSH
When moving back and forth through the history in Photoshop, one can only go backwards in sequence. The History Brush Tool (Y) paints the canvas using how the image looks during a particular state. It will be used to paint onto the active layer as if it was a paint brush. To see how the history brush works: 1. Locate and open the using_clone_stamp.psd data file. 2. Select the working layer in the Layers palette. 3. Select the Filter menu Distort Polar Coordinates. The Polar Coordinates dialog box opens OK button. 4. Type some text onto the canvas using the Horizontal Type Tool (T) . Change the attributes of the type on the Options toolbar if desired. 5. Select the Layer menu Rasterize Type to convert the text from vector to raster.
NOTE: From this point on the text layer can no longer be edited using the Horizontal Type Tool (T).

6. Select the Layer menu Merge Down to merge the text with the image. 7. Select the Filter menu Render Lens Flare. The Lens Flare dialog box opens. 8. Click an area in the Flare Center: preview box to place the effect in a desired location OK button (see Figure 16).

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Figure 16 - Similar Image

Figure 17 - History Palette with History Brush Activated

NOTE: While practicing, use various tools and functions to increase the number of states in the History palette. There should now be several unique actions that affect the image.

9. In the History palette, click the Sets the source for the history brush button next to the Polar Coordinates state to select the state to paint with. A History Brush Tool (Y) icon will appear (see Figure 17). 10. Select the History Brush Tool (Y) from the Toolbox. 11. Paint over the text that was just created making sure not to paint over the Lens Flare. This removes the text from the image and it should no longer appear on the canvas even though it was added before the Lens Flare. Notice how the Lens Flare is unaffected (see Figure 18).

Figure 18 - Text Removed, While the Lens Flare Remains

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Fixing Facial Blemishes

Photoshop has many methods for removing facial blemishes from an image. One of the quicker methods for performing this is to use the History Brush Tool (Y) to correct parts of the image first, then going back and painting select parts of the image over so that only a specific part of the image is affected.

DUPLICATING THE IMAGE

When working on the default layer is possible, it is usually best to copy the image and work on a duplicate. To duplicate the image: 1. Locate and open the touch_up.jpg data file. 2. Select the Background layer in the Layers palette. 3. Select the Layer menu Duplicate layer. The Duplicate Layer dialog box opens (see Figure 19) OK button.

Figure 19 - Duplicate Layer Window

TOUCHING UP THE IMAGE

Once the image has been duplicated, it can now be touched up. First, a filter will be applied so that the parts of the face containing blemishes appear smooth and blemish free. Once that is done, that version of the image will be painted over the original so that the facial features remain intact. To touch up the image: 1. Select the History Brush Tool (Y) from the Toolbox. 2. Select the Filter menu Noise Median. The Median dialog box opens. 3. Drag the image in the preview section to the cheek area of the image (see Figure 20).

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Figure 20 - Median Window

4. Enter 20 in the Radius: text box OK button.

NOTE: When working with other images, move the slider to level where the blemishes on the image are smoothed out and are not too noticeable.

5. Click the Sets the source for the history brush button next to the Median state on the History palette (See Figure 21).

Figure 21 - Selecting the Proper History State

6. Select the Duplicate Layer state by clicking its name (see Figure 22).

Figure 22 - Selecting the Duplicate Layer History State

7. Make sure the History Brush Tool is selected in the Toolbox. 8. Click the Click to open the Brush Preset picker drop-down arrow on the Option toolbar. 9. Select a brush size of 30 (see Figure 23).
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Figure 23 - Setting the Brush Size

10. Paint over the face so that the blemishes are slowly removed. Make sure not to paint over the eye, nose, lips, or head areas. See Figure 24 and Figure 25.

Figure 24 - Image Before

Figure 25 - Image After

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