PHN LM THM:

+ Tnh s lng my v mt bng

+ V cc th ti trng
- Tnh thi gian
- Tnh my: 3,5/4 my (ti trng ca my l 90%)
+ Tnh gi thnh ch to phi
1. Bn v thit k xng
2. th ti trng
3. Cc cng thc tnh gi thnh phi

PhnV
Tnh ton thit k dy truyn gia cng v hp gim tc
(s my,s th, din tch sn xut, quy hoch mt bng sn xut, cc
s liu kinh t k thut)
A.Cc d liu ban u v kt qu tnh ca phn trn:

- Sn l-ng theo yu cu hng nm ca sn phm l :

1510(sn phm / nm).
- Thi gian nh mc gia cng tng chi tit( pht /
chic).
- My 2200 (gi / nm) ch mt ca / mt ngy.
- Th 2000gi/ nm. Ch mt ca/ mt ngy.
- S ca sn xut hng ngy m= 2 ca.
- Gia cng thn hp gim tc:

Thi gian gia

cng

cng

Ttc

Nguy

My gia cng

( pht / chi
tit)

My tin 1K62

5,24

Tin mt y
2

My phay 6H82

12,1

Phay mt bt bulong iu chnh

3

My phay 6H82

1,86

Phay mt u
4

My 262

1,6

khot l
5

My 262

1,14

Doa l
6

My 2E52

1.92

Khoan l
7

My 2E52

1,77

Taro M12, M8
8

My phay 6H82

4,77

Phay rnh 3
9

My phay 6H82

0,58

Phay rnh x bulong

B.Tnh s my cn thit cho dy truyn.

* S dng ph-ng php chnh xc tnh ton s
l-ng my cn thit cho c dy truyn.
- Theo ph-ng php ny cn xc inh s l-ng my
cho tng nguyn cng ca qu trnh cng ngh gia cng
chi tit. Sau tnh tng s my cc loi cn thit
cho tt c cc nguyn cng.

1. Tnh s l-ng my cho tng nguyn cng gia cng

1.1. Xc nh s l-ng My tin 1K62 cn thit cho
nguyn cng 1 tin mt y
+ S l-ng my xc nh theo cng thc sau
C1= T1 / Fm1.m1
- Trong T1 l thi gian nguyn cng -c thc hin
trn My tin 1K62
T1 =

t
i 1

tc1

.N / 60 ; Vi m =1 l s loi chi tit gia

cng
N= 16050 ( chic) s l-ng cn ch to
ttc1=5,24

pht

Thi gian gia cng chi tit gi trn My tin 1K62

T1 =
-

5,24.16050
1402 ( gi / nm)
60

Fmi= 2200 (gi / nm) qu thi gian lm vic ca My

tin 1K62 ch lm vic 1 ca trong ngy m

- mi s ca lm vic trong mt ngy m m= 2 ca .
Vy C1=

1402
0,32 ( my)
2200.2

+ Chn hnh thc gia cng theo dy chuyn quy trn C= 1

my

1.2. Xc nh s l-ng My phay 6H82 cn thit cho

nguyn cng 2
+ S l-ng my xc nh theo cng thc sau
C2= T2 / Fm1.m1
- Trong T2 l thi gian nguyn cng -c thc hin
trn My phay 6H82
T2 =

t
i 1

tc 2

.N / 60 ; - Vi m=1 l s loi chi tit gia

cng
N= 16050 chic) s l-ng cn ch to
ttc2= 12,1pht. Thi gian gia cng Phay mt bt bulong
iu chnh

My phay 6H82

T2 =

12,1.16050
3237 ( gi / nm)
60

- Fmi= 2200 (gi / nm) qu thi gian lm vic ca my

6H82 ch lm vic 1 ca trong ngy m
- mi s ca lm vic trong mt ngy m m= 2 ca .
Vy C2=

3237
0,74 ( my)
2200.2

+ Chn hnh thc gia cng theo dy chuyn quy trn C =

1 my

1.3. Xc nh s l-ng My phay 6H82 cn thit cho

nguyn cng 3
+ S l-ng my xc nh theo cng thc sau
C3= T3 / Fm1.m1
- Trong T2 l thi gian nguyn cng -c thc hin
trn My phay 6H82
T3 =

t
i 1

tc 2

.N / 60 ; - Vi m=1 l s loi chi tit gia

cng
N= 16050 chic) s l-ng cn ch to
ttc3= 1,86 pht. Thi gian gia cng Phay mt u

trn

My phay 6H82
T3 =

1,86.16050
498 ( gi / nm)
60

- Fmi= 2200 (gi / nm) qu thi gian lm vic ca my

6H82 ch lm vic 1 ca trong ngy m
- mi s ca lm vic trong mt ngy m m= 2 ca .
Vy C3=

498
0,12 ( my)
2200.2

+ Chn hnh thc gia cng theo dy chuyn quy trn C =

1 my
1.4. Xc nh s l-ng
cng 4

my 262 cn thit cho nguyn

+ S l-ng my xc nh theo cng thc sau

C4= T2 / Fm1.m1
- Trong T2 l thi gian nguyn cng -c thc hin
trn My 262
T4 =

t
i 1

tc 4

.N / 60 ; - Vi m=1 l s loi chi tit

gia cng
N= 16050chic) s l-ng cn ch to
ttc4= 1,6 pht. Thi gian gia cng Phay mt u

trn

My 262
T4 =

1,6.16050
428 ( gi / nm)
60

- Fmi= 2200 (gi / nm) qu thi gian lm vic ca My

262 ch lm vic 1 ca trong ngy m
- mi s ca lm vic trong mt ngy m m= 2 ca .
Vy C4=

428
0,1 ( my)
2200.2

+ Chn hnh thc gia cng theo dy chuyn quy trn C =

1 my
1.5. Xc nh s l-ng

my 262 cn thit cho nguyn

cng 5
+ S l-ng my xc nh theo cng thc sau
C5= T5 / Fm1.m1

- Trong T5 l thi gian nguyn cng -c thc hin

trn My 262
T5 =

t
i 1

tc 5

.N / 60 ; - Vi m=1 l s loi chi tit

gia cng
N= 16050 chic) s l-ng cn ch to
ttc5= 1,14 pht. Thi gian gia cng trn My 262
T5 =

1,14.16050
305 ( gi / nm)
60

- Fmi= 2200 (gi / nm) qu thi gian lm vic ca My

262 ch lm vic 1 ca trong ngy m
- mi s ca lm vic trong mt ngy m m= 2 ca .
Vy C5=

305
0,07 ( my)
2200.2

+ Chn hnh thc gia cng theo dy chuyn quy trn C =

1 my
1.6. Xc nh s l-ng

my 2E52 cn thit cho nguyn

cng 6
+ S l-ng my xc nh theo cng thc sau
C6 = T6 / Fm1.m1
- Trong T6 l thi gian nguyn cng -c thc hin
trn my 2E52

T6 =

t
i 1

tc 6

.N / 60 ; - Vi m=1 l s loi chi tit

gia cng
N= 16050 chic) s l-ng cn ch to
ttc6= 1,92 pht. Thi gian gia cng trn my 2E52
1,92 .16050
514 ( gi / nm)
60

T6 =

- Fmi= 2200 (gi / nm) qu thi gian lm vic ca my

2E52 ch lm vic 1 ca trong ngy m
- mi s ca lm vic trong mt ngy m m= 2 ca .
Vy C6=

514
0,12 ( my)
2200.2

+ Chn hnh thc gia cng theo dy chuyn quy trn C =

1 my
1.7. Xc nh s l-ng

my 2E52 cn thit cho nguyn

cng 7
+ S l-ng my xc nh theo cng thc sau
C7= T7 / Fm1.m1
- Trong T2 l thi gian nguyn cng -c thc hin
trn my 2E52
T7 =

t
i 1

tc 7

.N / 60 ; - Vi m=1 l s loi chi tit

gia cng
N= 16050 chic) s l-ng cn ch to

ttc7= 1,77 pht. Thi gian gia cng trn my 2E52

1,77 .16050
474 ( gi / nm)
60

T7 =

- Fmi= 2200 (gi / nm) qu thi gian lm vic ca my

2E52 ch lm vic 1 ca
trong ngy m
- mi s ca lm vic trong mt ngy m m= 2 ca .
Vy C7=

474
0,11( my)
2200.2

+ Chn hnh thc gia cng theo dy chuyn quy trn C =

1 my
1.8. Xc nh s l-ng

my phay 6H82 cn thit cho

nguyn cng 8
+ S l-ng my xc nh theo cng thc sau
C8= T8 / Fm1.m1
- Trong T2 l thi gian nguyn cng -c thc hin
trn my 6H82
T8 =

t
i 1

tc 8

.N / 60 ; - Vi m=1 l s loi chi tit

gia cng
N= 16050 chic) s l-ng cn ch to
ttc8= 4,77 pht. Thi gian gia cng trn my 6H82
T8 =

4,77 .16050
1276 ( gi / nm)
60

- Fmi= 2200 (gi / nm) qu thi gian lm vic ca my

6H82 ch lm vic 1 ca
trong ngy m
- mi s ca lm vic trong mt ngy m m= 2 ca .
Vy C8=

1276
0,29 ( my)
2200.2

+ Chn hnh thc gia cng theo dy chuyn quy trn C =

1 my
1.9. Xc nh s l-ng

my phay 6H82 cn thit cho

nguyn cng 9
+ S l-ng my xc nh theo cng thc sau
C9= T9 / Fm1.m1
- Trong T2 l thi gian nguyn cng -c thc hin
trn my 6H82
T9 =

t
i 1

tc 9

.N / 60 ; - Vi m=1 l s loi chi tit

gia cng
N= 16050 chic) s l-ng cn ch to
ttc9= 0,58 pht. Thi gian gia cng trn my 6H82
T9 =

0,44 .16050
155 ( gi / nm)
60

- Fmi= 2200 (gi / nm) qu thi gian lm vic ca my

6H82 ch lm vic 1 ca

trong ngy m
- mi s ca lm vic trong mt ngy m m= 2 ca .
Vy C9=

155
0,035 ( my)
2200.2

+ Chn hnh thc gia cng theo dy chuyn quy trn C =

1 my
*S my ca c dy chuyn -c tng kt theo bng sau
Loi

1K62

6H82

262

2E52

my
S

l-ng
Vy s l-ng my cho c dy chuyn l:
C = 1+4+2+2 =9 my

4.Tnh s th cn thit cho mt loi my v cho c dy

chuyn.
- S dng ph-ng php chnh xc theo nh mc gia cng
cho tng my , s l-ng th ng my k hiu l (RMi)
-c xc nh theo tng s gi my cn thit
- Qu thi gian lm vic ca mt my c xt n kh
nng 1 th vn hnh nhiu my , thng qua h s
RMi =

m
Nj
T i
1

. t tcj .
Fci .K Mi FCi .K Mi j 1
60

KMi

Trong :
i. l bin m v s kiu loi my dng cho dy chuyn
, phn x-ng gia cng.
j. Bin m v s kiu loi chi tit gia cng
ttcj. nh mc thi gian gia cng cho 1 chi tit thuc
kiu loi j tnh theo n v pht / chi tit.
Fci qu thi gian lm vic ca 1 th ng myloi i ch
1 ca sn xut trong 1 ngy m: Fci= 2000 (gi /
nm.).
Kmi. h s xt n kh nng 1 th c th vn hnh nhiu
my trong sn xut loi va: Kmi= 1,5
S l-ng th ng my RMi l s thp phn phi quy
trn c s nguyn
theo ch tiu sau:
+ Khi s l c gi tr < 0,5 th b i v nng
bc cho ng-i th cui.
+ Khi s l c gi tr > 0,5 th ly tng ln
1 v h bc cho ng-i th cui
4.1. Xc nh s th ng my nh mc thi gian gia
cng cho my 1k62. nguyn cng 1.
Vi s loi chi tit gia cng m = 1 ;
N= 16050 chic ;
ttci= 5.24 pht
RMi=

5,24 .16050
0,47 ( Th )
60 .2000 .1,5

Vy ly s th cn ng mt my 1k62 nguyn cng

1 l mt th
4.2. Xc nh s th ng my nh mc thi gian gia
cng cho my 6H82. nguyn cng 2.
Vi s loi chi tit gia cng m = 1 ;
N= 16050 chic ;
ttci= 12,1 pht
RMi=

12 .1.16050
1,07 ( Th )
60 .2000 .1,5

Vy ly s th cn ng mt my 6H82 nguyn cng

2 l mt th
4.3. Xc nh s th ng my nh mc thi gian gia
cng cho my 6H82. nguyn cng 3.
Vi s loi chi tit gia cng m = 1 ;
N= 16050 chic ;
ttci= 1,86 pht
RMi=

1,86 .16050
0,166
60 .2000 .1,5

( Th )

Vy ly s th cn ng mt my 6H82 nguyn cng

3 l mt th
4.4. Xc nh s th ng my nh mc thi gian gia
cng cho my 262. nguyn cng 4.

Vi s loi chi tit gia cng m = 1 ;

N= 16050 chic ;
ttci= 1,6 pht
RMi=

1,6 .16050
0,143 ( Th )
60 .2000 .1,5

Vy ly s th cn ng mt my 262

nguyn cng

4 l mt th
4.5. Xc nh s th ng my nh mc thi gian gia
cng cho my 262. nguyn cng 5.
Vi s loi chi tit gia cng m = 1 ;
N= 1605 chic ;
ttci= 1,14 pht
RMi=

1,14 .16050
0,1 ( Th )
60 .2000 .1,5

Vy ly s th cn ng mt my 262

nguyn cng

5 l mt th
4.6. Xc nh s th ng my nh mc thi gian gia
cng cho my 2E52. nguyn cng 6.
Vi s loi chi tit gia cng m = 1 ;
N= 16050 chic ;
ttci= 1,92 pht

 RMi=

1,92 .16050
0,17 ( Th )
60 .2000 .1,5

Vy ly s th cn ng mt my 2E52

nguyn cng

6 l mt th
4.7. Xc nh s th ng my nh mc thi gian gia
cng cho my 2E52. nguyn cng 7.
Vi s loi chi tit gia cng m = 1 ;
N= 16050 chic ;
ttci= 1,77 pht
RMi=

1,77 .16050
0,158 ( Th )
60 .2000 .1,5

Vy ly s th cn ng mt my 2E52

nguyn cng

7 l mt th
4.8. Xc nh s th ng my nh mc thi gian gia
cng cho my6H82. nguyn cng 7.
Vi s loi chi tit gia cng m = 1 ;
N= 16050 chic ;
ttci= 4,77 pht
RMi=

4,77 .16050
0,43 ( Th )
60 .2000 .1,5

Vy ly s th cn ng mt my 6H82
8 l mt th

nguyn cng

4.9. Xc nh s th ng my nh mc thi gian gia

cng cho my6H82. nguyn cng 9.
Vi s loi chi tit gia cng m = 1 ;
N= 16050 chic ;
ttci= 0,58 pht
RMi=

0,58 .16050
0,05 ( Th )
60 .2000 .1,5

Vy ly s th cn ng mt my 6H82
9

nguyn cng

l mt th

Bng tm tt

Loi

1K62

6H82

262

2E52

Bn K.tra

my s
dng
S
cng
nhn 1
my

S my

Tng
s
cng

nhn 1
nguyn
cng
=> RM = RMi = 1+4+2+2= 9
4.10. Th ngui
S l-ng th ngui tnh theo t l % so vi tng s
th ng my ty thuc vo dng sn xut.
Sn xut hng lot ln : 3 %
S l-ng th ngui: RN = 0,03.RM = 0,03.9 = 0,27
(th)
Chn RN = 1 th ngui
4.11.Th kim tra:
S l-ng th kim tra cht l-ng gia cng cn thit
xc nh theo t l % so vi tng cng ca th ng my
v th ngui 5 15 %. Chn khong 8%
S l-ng th kim tra: RKT = 0,6.(RM + RN) =
0,08.(9 + 1) = 0,8 (th)
Chn RKT =1
d. Bc th bnh qun ca cng nhn sn xut chnh Bbq
Bc th bnh qun ca cng nhn sn xut chnh i
vi dy chuyn, phn x-ng gia cng -c xc nh theo

quy m sn xut. i vi sn xut lot ln, hng khi:

Bbq = 3,25 3,5.
S l-ng cc thnh phn lao ng khc -c tnh theo
t l % so vi tng s cng nhn sn xut chnh (th
ng my + th ngui + th kim tra).
Cng nhn ph: i vi sn xut hng khi 50 70 %.
Chn 60% ta c:

RCNP = 0,6.( RKT + RM + RN) =0,6.(1

+ 9 + 1) = 6,6 (cng nhn).

Chn RCNP = 7(cng nhn).
Nhn vin phc v: 2 3 %. Chn 3% ta c:
RNVPV = 0,03.( RKT + RM + RN)
=0,03.( 1 + 9 + 1) = 0,33 1 (nhn vin).
K thut vin: 10 13 %. Chn 12% ta c:
RKTV = 0,12.( RKT + RM + RN)
= 0,12.( 1 + 9 + 1) = 1,32 2 (nhn
vin).
Qun l, iu hnh, vn th-: 4 5 %. Chn 4% ta c:
RQL = 0,04.( RKT + RM + RN)
= 0,04.( 1 + 9 + 1) = 0,44 1 (nhn
vin).
Tng s lao ng trong dy chuyn:
R = 9 + 1 +1 + 7 + 1 + 2+1 = 22 (ng-i).
*

5. Xc nh nhu cu din tch sn xut ca c dy

chuyn.

Din tch cn thit ca phn x-ng c kh c th xc

nh theo quy hoch mt bng phn x-ng

hoc gn ng

. y ta s dng ph-ng php chnh xc xc nh

nhu cu -c tnh cho c dy chuyn.
- Theo cch ny da vo s o quy hoch mt bng phn
x-ng xc nh

tng din tch

sn xut... A sx .

din tch ph.

Tnh theo ph-ng php tnh chnh xc:

Theo cch ny phi da vo s quy hoch mt bng

phn x-ng xc nh tng din tch phn x-ng (A )
gm: Din tch sn xut (Asx), din tch ph (Ap).
N

Din tch sn xut -c xc nh: ASX A0i .S i

i 1

Trong :
Si: S my chn dng
A0i : L din tch ca mt trm cng ngh (my, bn
ngui, bn kim tra) loi i,
A0i = AMi.fi
AMi

: L din tch hnh chiu bng ca mt my loi

i.
fi : L h s v cc loi din tch ph cn thit
(thao tc, t phi, dng c, g lp, vn chuyn, sa
cha...) ty theo cch b tr mt bng sn xut, B tr
my theo th t cng ngh: fi = 2,4 3,8, chn fi = 3
Vi nhm my tin 1K62 ta c:
AM2 = 3812x1216 =4635392 mm2 4,635 m2 A02 13,9
m2

Vi nhm my phay P82 ta c:

AM1 = 2100x1140 = 2394000 mm2 2,394 m2 A01
7,18 m2
Vi nhm my phay 6M12 ta c:
AM3 = 2260x1745 = 3943700 mm2 3,944 m2 A03
11,82 m2
Vi nhm bn mp ta c:
AM4 1 m2 A04 3 m2
Vi nhm my phay 6M12 ta c:
AM5 = 2260x1745 = 3943700 mm2 3,944 m2 A05
11,82 m2
Vi nhm my khoan 2A125
AM6

ta c:

= 980.825 =808500 mm2 0,8

m2 A06 2,4

m2
Ta c din tch sn xut:
N

ASX A0i .S i 7,18 .6 13,9.8 11,82 .5 5.3 11,82 .3 2,4.6

i 1

= 278,24 (m2)
My

1K62

6H82

262

2E52

Bn K.tra

S my

Kch

2900

1480

1860

2350

1760

1800

1400

680

1000

1035

th-c
bao b

mt my 2300
Din

1860

5,22 m2 8,288m2

2800

3320

1900

2,53

4,7 m2

1,8216 m2

m2

tch
mt
bng
cn cho
my

Vy tng din tch sn xut cn b tr cc my l:

Asx=68 m2
+ Din tch ph
- Kho trung gian AP1= (10 15) % Asx=10,2 m2
- Chun b phi liu AP2= (15 20) % Asx= 13,6 m2
- Tng kim tra cht l-ng sn phm
AP3= (35)% A

sx=3,4

m2

- Din tch sinh hot :

AP4 = 1/10 Asx= 6,8 m2
Din tch cn dng b tr ca phn s-ng c kh l:
A A sx + AP1+ AP2+ AP3+ AP4 = 102 m2
6. Xc nh ph-ng thc b tr my , quy hoch mt bng
sn xut

- S quy hoch v mt bng cho dy chuyn gia cng

m bo nhng quy nh v khng gian; an ton v sinh
cng nghip, v mt khng gian dy chuyn gia cng
th-ng c cc dng cu trc nh- sau:
-B tr my theo th t cc nguyn cng
-B tr my theo kiu loi my, thnh cm,
thnh khu vc
-B tr my theo cm my linh hot.
p dng cho ti ny y chn th t cc my trong
dy chuyn -c xc inh
theo ng v tr ca th t nguyn cng c th

b tr

nh- sau:

FSS400

FSS400

FW200

2H55

2H55

2H55

2E520

FW200

FW200

T 611II

2H55

2H55

NG VN CHUYN
FSS400

FSS400

FW200

2A592

2H55

FW200

2A592

2H55

+ nh kt cu nh x-ng:
Tng din tch cc phn x-ng c kh l A =102m2
Mt khc ta li c : A =B .L;
- B : chiu rng nh x-ng(m) ; L chiu di nh
x-ng (m)

BKT

- Gi tr L v B -c xc nh theo nhu cu din tch

thc t ca phn x-ng

sn xut, V c t l chun v

kch th-c
fL= L/B = 4,5

Vy chiu rng ca phn x-ng l

B=

A
102

fL
4,5

4,8

Ly B =5m
Chiu di ca phn x-ng l L = 5x4,5= 22,5m
b rng ca gian cn gi l b-c ngang B0 = B = 5mm
B-c ct (t) gi l b-c ct dc ly t=5m
Mng l-i ct (B0xt) = 5x5
Chiu cao nh x-ng

h=8m

Cc my b tr song song vi -ng vn chuyn

Khong cch gia my vi t-ng nh x-ng ly theo c
thit b ln
a=b = 0,6m; c=1,2m
khong cch my vi ct nh x-ng ly theo c thit b
ln
Khong cch my vi -ng vn chuyn l 0,8m
khong cch ngang gia cc my 0,8m

chiu rng -ng vn chuyn gi-a hai hng my 2,2m

Ph-ng tin vn chuyn l xe nng h
7. Cc s liu kinh t k thut
- H s s dng vt liu
KV= Trng l-ng chi tit / Trng l-ng phi = 82/105
=0,78
Vy m bo yu cu v h s s dng vt liu v sn
xut lot va KV>0,75
-

H s v thi gian

Kt= Thi gian c bn trc tip ct gt / thi gian tng

chic =
to

t0
(pht/ chic)
t tc

l thi gian c bn trc tip ct gt tnh cc

nguyn cng
to=
ttc= to + tP + tpv + ttr +

t cK
nL

t ph iu chnh g dao
t phc v
ttn thi gian c bn cho nhu cu t nhin
tcK: Thi gian chun b v kt thc nguyn cng

nL: s l-ng chi tit trong mt lot. Chi tit / lot

Kt 1: Trnh t ng ho
- m bo chnh xc yu cu
- m bo nng xut gia cng Q =

1
t tc

- Hn ch loi tr nh h-ng con ng-i n nng sut

gia cng, t chc lao ng khoa hc

loi b thao tc

th-ng.
- S dng thit b hp l v kh nng k thut v qu
thi gian ,

thit b nhit i ho tt

TNH GI THNH CH TO PHI

Tiu tn vt liu c bn (phi) bng php tnh c ph liu theo cng thc:
M0 = Cph Trong :
Cph - gi phi( $/chic)
- trng lng ph liu cho 1kg/ chic
Cphl gi ph liu thu li ($/kg)
Gi tin vt liu , phi v ph liu c xc nh theo gi bn bun (bng 12.4 s
tay cng ngh ch to my T3). Khi bit gi vt liu c th tnh gi thnh phi:
Cph =gM.CM.Kv.ch
Trong :
CM- gi bn bun ca mt n v trng lng vt liu ($/kg)
Tra s tay cng ngh ch to my bng 12.4 tp 3 v da vo gi hin ti =>
CM= 23.000 vn/kg = 1,1$/kg
gM ch tiu hao vt liu cho mt chi tit( kg/chic) =2.3kg/ chic
Kv.ch h s tiu tn v vn chuyn phi khi mua sm vt liu
Kvch=1,04 -1,08 => chn Kvch = 1,06

Cph =gM.CM.Kv.ch =2,3.1,1.1,06 = 2,682$/ chic = 56000 /chic

CC CNG THC TNH GI THNH CH TO PHI:

1. Xc nh gi thnh bng phng php tnh trc tip( phng php tnh
theo thnh phn )
khi tnh gi thnh phn xng ca chi tit Cphx ngi ta tnh:
Mo- Gi thnh ca vt liu chnh
Mph- gi thnh ca vt liu ph