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B.E.lB.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, Fifth Semester Mechanical Engineering ME 1303 GAS DYNAMICS AI.{D JET PROPULSION MAY/JUNE 2007 .

(Regulation 2004) Time : Three hours Maximum: 100 marks Use of approved Gas Tables is permitted. Answer ALL questions. PARTA-(10x2=20marks) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Define the terms stagnation temperature and stagnation speedof sound. Distinguish between incompressible flows, subsonic flows, transonic flows, supersonicflows, and hypersonic flows.

Expiain the choking phenomena in a supersonic nozzle. Explain why the shock cannot occur in subsonicflows. What is Prandtl-Mayer flows?

Defrne Fanno flow and sketch the Fanno flow processon a fr-s diagram.

What is rocket propulsion? Why is a rocket called a non-airbreathing engine?

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11.

(a)

(i)

Starting from fundamentals derive an expressionfor speedof sound (12) in a fluid medium. State the assumptions made if any. Calcuiate the speedof sound in air at 30'C. Or @)

(ii)

(b)

(i)

Define Mach number. Derive an expression for the ratio of stagnation and static temperaturcs @olf) in terms of local Mach (9) number of the flow. At a given point in the high-speed flow over an airplane wing, the local Mach number, pressure,and temperature ate 0.7,0.9 bar, and 250 K, respectively. Calculate the values of Tt), ?. and a. at this (7) point.

(ii)

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What is after burning in turbojet engines?

Define Rayleigh flow and sketch the Rayleigh flow processon a h-s diagram.

PARTB-(5x16=80marks)

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Explain briefly what is meant by impulse function.

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12. (a)

The mass flow rate of a caloricaily perfect gas through a choked nozzie is given by
PoA a'o Derive this relation. y ( 2 1{r*ttlir-tt

n-

Rl, n)

(1 6 ) Or

(b)

Air at stagnation temperature and pressure of 200.9 K and 689.5 kPa respectively, flows from a reservoir through a converging nozzle that exhaustsinto an atmospherewhere the pressureis 101.3kPa. Calculate

pressure for which the florv is choked, and (iii) the exit plane pressure if the stagnationpressureis reducedto 172-4kPa. 13. (a) (16)

converging-diverging nozzle from a tank containing air at 295 K and 1.0 MPa (abs). Shock-free operation is desired. The Mach number at the duct inlet is to be 2.L and the Mach number at the duct outlet is to be 1.4. The entire assembly wi}l be thermally insulated. Find (i) the pressure required at the duct outlel, (ii) the duct length required, and (iii) the change in specific entropy along the duct. Show the static and stagnation

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state points and the processline on a 7-s diagram. Take the mean friction ( 16) factor for the duct, f - 0.0235. Or

(b)

'1', Air flows with negligible friction in a constant-area duct. At section properties are T, = 60oC, Pr = 135 kPa (abs),and Vr =732 m./s.Heat is '2" where M = 1.2. Determine the added. between section'1',and section '2', the heat exchange per unit mass, and the properties at section (16) cntropy change, and sketch the process on a ?-s diagram.

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A smooth constant-area duct assembly (D = 15 cm) is to be fed by a

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(i) the pressure in the nozzle exit plane, (ii) the minimum stagnation

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14.

(a)

(i)

For a flow through normal shock wave derive the following relation for nressure ratio across the shock wave
P..
^-t

2v
I

y -1,
v +1'

(8)

v +1 '

(ii)

Proceedingwith the above relation, derive the following form of Rankine-Hugoniotequation y+rp,
P,
't

1 (8)

y*Ilti-t

/ + 1 ,* P , v-7 P, Or'

(b)

15.

(a)

(b)

diameter of the air inlet section = 0.75 m. diameter of the jet pipe at exit = 0.5 m, velocity of the gasesat the exit of the jet pipe - 500 m/s, pressure at the exit of the jet pipe = 0.30 bar, air to fuel ratio = 40. (16)

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A turbojet aircraft flies at 875 km/hr at an altitude of 10 km above mean sea level. Calculate (i) air flow rate through the engine, (ii) thrust, (iii) specific thrust, (iv) specific impulse, (v) thrust power, and (vi) TSFC from the following data:

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With the help of a neat sketch describe the working of a ramjet engine. Depict the various thermodynamic processes occurring in it on h-s diagram. What is the effect of flight Mach number on its efficiency? (16)

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The ratio of exit to entry area in a subsonic diffuser is 4.0. The Mach number of a jet of air approaching the diffuser at Po = 1.013 bar, T = 290 Kis 2.2. There is a standing normal shockwave just outside the diffuser entry. The flow in the diffuser is isentropic. Determine at the exit of the diffuser (i) Mach number, (ii) temperature, and (iii) pressure. What is the stagnation pressure loss between the initial and final static of the (16) flow?

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