Chng Mt - Hoan nghnh n vi VB6

Cho mng bn n vi Visual Basic 6

Dng VB6 l cch nhanh v tt nht lp trnh cho Microsoft Windows. Cho d bn l chuyn nghip hay mi m i vi chng trnh Windows, VB6 s cung cp cho bn mt b cng c hon chnh n gin ha vic trin khai lp trnh ng dng cho MSWindows. Visual Basic l g? Phn "Visual" cp n phng php c s dng to giao din ha ngi dng (Graphical User Interface hay vit tc l GUI) . C sn nhng b phn hnh nh, gi l controls, bn tha h sp t v tr v quyt nh cc c tnh ca chng trn mt khung mn hnh, gi l form. Nu bn tng s dng chng trnh v chng hn nh Paint, bn c sn cc k nng cn thit to mt GUI cho VB6. Phn "Basic" cp n ngn ng BASIC (Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code), mt ngn ng lp trnh n gin, d hc, c ch ra cho cc khoa hc gia (nhng ngi khng c th gi hc lp trnh in ton) dng. Visual Basic c ra t MSBasic, do Bill Gates vit t thi dng cho my tnh 8 bits 8080 hay Z80. Hin nay n cha n hng trm cu lnh (commands), hm (functions) v t kha (keywords). Rt nhiu commands, functions lin h trc tip n MSWindows GUI. Nhng ngi mi bt u c th vit chng trnh bng cch hc ch mt vi commands, functions v keywords. Kh nng ca ngn ng ny cho php nhng ngi chuyn nghip hon thnh bt k iu g nh s dng ngn ng lp trnh MSWindows no khc. Ngi mang li phn "Visual" cho VB l ng Alan Cooper. ng gi mi trng hot ng ca Basic trong mt phm vi d hiu, d dng, khng cn phi ch n s tinh xo ca MSWindows, nhng vn dng cc chc nng ca MSWindows mt cch hiu qu. Do , nhiu ngi xem ng Alan Cooper l cha gi ca Visual Basic. Visual Basic cn c hai dng khc: Visual Basic for Application (VBA) v VBScript. VBA l ngn ng nm pha sau cc chng trnh Word, Excel, MSAccess, MSProject, .v.v.. cn gi l Macros. Dng VBA trong MSOffice, ta c th lm tng chc nng bng cch t ng ha cc chng trnh. VBScript c dng cho Internet v chnh Operating System. D cho mc ch ca bn l to mt tin ch nh cho ring bn, trong mt nhm lm vic ca bn, trong mt cng ty ln, hay cn phn b chng trnh ng dng rng ri trn th gii qua Internet, VB6 cng s c cc cng c lp trnh m bn cn thit.

Cc n bn Visual Basic 6
C ba n bn VB6: Learning, Professional v Enterprise. Chng ta hy gt qua n bn Learning. Bn c th dng n bn Professional hay Enterprise. n bn Professional cung cp y nhng g bn cn hc v trin khai mt chng trnh VB6, nht l cc control ActiveX, nhng b phn lp trnh tin ch v rt hu dng cho cc chng trnh ng dng (application programs) ca bn trong tng lai. Ngoi a compact chnh cho VB6, ti liu nh km gm c sch Visual Studio Professional Features v hai a CD Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN). n bn Enterprise l n bn Professional cng thm cc cng c Back Office chng hn nh SQL Server, Microsoft Transaction Server, Internet Information Server.

Ci t VB6
ci t VB6, my tnh ca bn cn phi c mt a CD-ROM (CD drive) . Bn cn t nht 32 MB RAM, 2 GB hard disk v CPU Pentium II. Khi b VB6 CD vo CD drive, n s t khi ng display menu cho bn chn nhng th g cn Setup, hy click Install Visual Basic 6.0 ci VB6. Ngoi tr cc file h iu hnh (Operating System) trong th mc (folder) \Os, cc file trong a compact u

khng b nn. V th, bn c th s dng chng trc tip t a. V d, c nhiu cng c v thnh phn trong folder \Tools vn c th c ci t trc tip t CD-ROM. Ngoi ra, bn c th chy Setup khi no cn thit. V d, bn c th chy Setup ci t li Visual Basic trong folder khc, hoc ci t thm bt cc phn ca VB6. Nu v l do g h thng khng install cc a compact MSDN (bn s khm ph ra iu ny khi thy Help khng c mt lc chy VB6), bn c th ci t chng trc tip t a s 1 ca b MSDN. b xung v xa cc thnh phn VB: 1. B a compact vo CD drive. 2. Nu menu khng t ng hin ln th chy chng trnh Setup c sn tong folder gc trn a compact. 3. Chn nt Custom trong hp thoi (dialog) Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 Setup. 4. Chn hay xa cc thnh phn bng cch check hay uncheck cc hp danh sch Options ca dialog Custom. 5. Thc hin cc ch dn Setup trn mn hnh. Ghi ch: Trong lc ci VB6, nh chn Graphics nu khng bn s thiu mt s hnh nh nh icons, bitmaps v.v... ng l Microsoft cho t ng ci t Graphics, tc l Default (khng c ni g) th ci t Graphics.

Integrated Development Environment (IDE) ca VB6

Khi khi ng VB6 bn s thy m ra nhiu ca s (windows), scrollbars, v.v.. v nm chng ln l New Project dialog. y VB6 cho bn chn mt trong nhiu loi cng trnh.

Chn Standard EXE. Mt lt sau trn mn nh s hin ra giao din ca mi trng pht trin tch hp (Integrated Development Environment - IDE ) ging nh di y:

IDE ca VB6 bao gm cc yu t sau:

Menu Bar
Cha y cc commands m bn s dng lm vic vi VB6, k c cc menu truy cp cc chc nng c bit dnh cho vic lp trnh chng hn nh Project, Format, hoc Debug. Trong Menu Add-Ins c Add-Ins Manager cho php bn gn thm nhng menu con nhim chy cc chng trnh li ch cho vic lp trnh.

Trong Add-Ins Manager dialog bn chn mt Add-In ri check mt hay nhiu hp trong khung Load behavior:

Toolbars (Debug, Edit, form Editor, Standard)

Cc toolbars c hnh cc icons cho php bn click thc hin cng vic tng ng vi dng mt menu command, nhng nhanh v tin hn. Bn dng menu command View | Toolbars (click ln menu

command View cho popupmenu hin ra ri click command con Toolbars) lm cho cc toolbars hin ra hay bin mt i. Bn c th thay i v tr mt toolbar bng cch nm vo hai gch vertical nm bn tri toolbar ri di toolbar i ch khc (nm y ngha l pointer ca mouse ln ch chm trong hnh pha di ri bm xung v gi nt bn tri ca mouse, trong khi ko pointer i ni khc).

Ngoi ra bn cng c th sa i cc toolbars theo thch bng cch dng Menu command View | Toolbars | Customize...

Toolbox
y l hp ngh vi cc cng c, gi l controls, m bn c th t ln cc form trong lc thit k (design). Nu Toolbox bin mt, bn c th display n tr li bng cch dng menu command View | Toolbox. Bn c th khin toolbox display nhiu controls hn bng cch chn Components... t context menu (chn Toolbox ri bm nt phi ca mouse display context menu) hay dng menu command Project | Components. Ngoi vic trnh by Toolbox mc nh, bn c th to cch trnh by khc bng cch chn Add Tab... t context menu v b sung cc control cho tab t kt qu.

Project Explorer
S lit k cc forms v cc modules trong project hin hnh ca bn. Mt project l s tp hp cc files m bn s dng to mt trnh ng dng. Tc l, trong VB6, khi ni vit mt program c ngha l trin khai mt project.

Properties window
Lit k cc c tnh ca cc forms hoc controls c chn. Mt property l mt c tnh ca mt object chng hn nh size, caption, hoc color. Khi bn sa i mt property bn s thy hiu qu ngay lp tc, th d thay i property Font ca mt Label s thy Label y c display bng Font ch mi. Khi bn chn mt Property ca control hay form trong Properties window, pha bn phi ch value ca

property c th display ba chm (. . .) hay mt tam gic cha xung. Bm vo display mt dialog cho bn chn value. Th d di y l dialog chn mu cho property ForeColor ca control Label1.

Form Layout
Bn dng form Layout chnh v tr ca cc forms khi form hin ra ln u lc chng trnh chy. Dng context command Resolution Guides thy nu dng mt mn nh vi mn (resolution) t hn, th d nh 640 X 480, th n s nh nh th no.

Form Designer
Dng thit k giao din lp trnh. Bn b sung cc controls, cc ha (graphics), cc hnh nh v mt form to s ma st m bn mun. Mi form trong trnh ng dng ca bn c designer form ring ca n. Khi bn maximise mt form designer, n chim c khu lm vic. Mun lm cho n tr li c bnh thng v ng thi thy cc form designers khc, click nt Restore Window gc bn phi, pha trn.

Immediate Window
Dng g ri (debug) trnh ng dng ca bn. Bn c th display d kin trong khi chy chng trnh ng dng. Khi chng trnh ang tm ngng mt break point, bn c th thay i gi tr cc variables hay chy mt dng chng trnh.

View Code button

Click ln nt ny xem code ca mt form m bn chn. Window ca code ging nh di y:

Trong Code window bn c th chn display tt c Sub ca code cng mt lc nh trong hnh hay display mi ln ch mt Sub bng cch click button c hnh ba dng nm gc bn tri pha di.

View form button

Click ln nt ny xem form ca mt form m bn chn. Ghi ch: Nhiu windows trong IDE nh Toolbars, Toolbox, Project Explorer .v.v..c th tri lnh bnh (floating) hay u bn (docked). Bn c th thay i v tr chng bng cch nm vo Title Bar ca window ri di i. D nhin bn cng c th m rng hay lm nh mt window bng cch di mt cnh vertical hay horizontal ca n. Khi mt window ln trn mt window khc chng c th tm cch dnh nhau. Trong hnh di y, Properties Window v Form Layout c ko ra ngoi cho floating.

Nhn tr gip trong khi ang lm vic

Trong khi lp trnh bn c th cn tm hiu cc thng tin lin quan n cc commands, functions .v.v.. ca VB6. Bn c th khi ng Microsoft Developer Network | MSDN Library Visual Studio 6.0 t nt Start, hay click Help | Contents t Menu Bar ca VB6, hay chn mt keyword (highlight keyword) ri n F1 c Help.

Ni dung Help bao gm nhiu c im c thit k thc hin vic tm kim thng tin d dng hn. Bn c th da trn Contents c ti liu nh mt quyn sch, Index c nhng on c nhc n mt keyword hay Search tm mt ti liu nhanh hn. V d, vic g ri thng tin bt ngun t nhiu c tnh khc nhau ph thuc vo loi n m bn ang lm vic. Cc lin kt c m t trong phn ny thc hin vic tm kim d dng hn. Ngoi ra, bn cng c th click See Also di tiu ca ch im xem cc tiu ca cc ch im m bn c th i n hoc lin h n nhiu thng tin.

Context Sensitive Help (tr gip trong ng tnh hung)

Nhiu phn ca VB6 l context sensitive, c ngha l lc bi ri ch cn n nt F1 hoc highlight keyword ri nhn F1 l c thng tin nhng g lin h trc tip vi tnh hung hin gi ca bn. Bn c th nhn F1 t bt k phn context sensitive no ca giao din VB6 display thng tin Help v phn . Cc phn context sensitive l:

Cc Windows ca VB6 nh Properties, Code .v.v.. Cc control trong Toolbox. Cc Object trn mt form hoc Object ti liu. Cc c tnh trong Window Properties. Cc keywords ca VB6 Cc thng bo li (error messages)

Ngoi ra, trong Help thng c Example. Bn click ln ch Example display mt th d minh ha cch dng mt function hay property.

Microsoft on the Web

Web site ca Microsoft cha nhiu thng tin cp nht cho nhng ngi lp trnh VB6. Trang ch Visual Basic t ti URL http://www.microsoft.com/vbasic/. Thng tin c sn ti a ch ny bao gm: Cp nht cc c tnh mi, cc phin bn sn phm, cc sn phm lin h, cc thuyt trnh (seminar) v cc hot ng (event) c bit. Thng tin b sung trn cc c tnh VB6 cha trong cc bi vit gi l White Papers, cc mch nc (tips) v cc trnh tr gio, ngun o to. Sn phm mi ti xung (download) bao gm s cp nht n cc file chng trnh, cc cp nht tr gip, cc trnh iu khin, v cc file lin h khc ca VB6.

truy cp Web site ca Microsoft, t menu Help chn Microsoft on the Web ri chn menu con ty thch nh di y.

Ghi ch: Mt s ni dung trn Web site ca Microsoft c ti u ha dnh cho Microsoft Internet Explorer v khng th display y trong mt b trnh duyt (browser) khc. Do bn nn ch dng Internet Explorer lm browser trn my bn m thi.