XC NH TIU HA CA CUA XANH

(Scylla paramamosain) I VI MT S NGUYN LIU

DNG PHI TRN THC N
Th.S L Vnh - Vin NCNTTS III
T.S V Anh Tun - Vin NCNTTS II

Tm tt
Vic nghin cu xc nh tiu ha ca cua xanh i vi mt s nguyn liu
phi trn khc nhau to c s khoa hc trong thit lp cc cng thc thc n hiu
qu ca ti KC.CB.01.24 Nghin cu cng ngh sn xut thc n cng nghip
nui cua, gh xut khu.
By loi nguyn liu khc nhau c kim tra tiu ha ca cua S.
paramamosain bao gm bt c Kin Giang, bt ruc, bt u tm, bnh du u
nnh n , bt khoai m, cm go, v bt m. Kt qu nghin cu cho thy cc
nguyn liu trong th nghim u c kh nng dng lm thc n cho cua bi v
tiu ha ca cua u cao: trn 79% i vi cht kh, trn 79% i vi m th, cao
hn 67% i vi cht khng cha nit, v cao hn 57% i vi lipid.

t vn

nc ta, ngh nui cua ang c pht trin nhiu ni nh C Mau, Bc

Liu, Tr Vinh, Vng Tu, Khnh Ho, Tha Thin - Hu, Thanh Ho, Hi Phng
vi din tch 124.268ha (Thch, 2003).
Thc n dng nui cua hin nay ch yu l c tp, cha c thc n cng
nghip cho cua bn trn th trng. S dng c tp nui cua thng khng ch
ng v d gy nhim mi trng nui.
Nghin cu tiu ha ca i tng nui i vi cc loi nguyn liu khc
nhau dng phi trn trong thc n l bc quan trng u tin trong cng on
sn xut thc n vin (De Silva & Anderson, 1995). Nhng thng tin v tiu ha
s gip la chn c nhng nguyn liu tt vi gi thnh thp, kh nng tiu ho
cao v gim cht thi ra mi trng nui (Cho & Bureau, 2001).
Vic nghin cu xc nh tiu ha ca cua xanh i vi mt s nguyn liu
phi trn khc nhau to c s khoa hc trong thit lp cc cng thc thc n hiu
qu ca ti KC.CB.01.24 Nghin cu cng ngh sn xut thc n cng nghip
nui cua, gh xut khu v qua gp phn gii quyt nhu cu cn thit cung cp
thc n nui cua dng cng nghip phc v cho ngh nui cua ang pht trin hin
nay.

Vt liu & Phng php nghin cu

2.1

Cua th nghim

Cua th nghim c trng lng trung bnh l 11020,3g, c bt t ao nui ca

Tri Thc Nghim Thu Sn Bc Liu. Cua c a vo b nui, mi b nui 1
con. Tng s cua dng lm th nghim l 480 con.
2.2

H thng nui

Th nghim c b tr trong 240 b c dung tch 60 Lt/b. Nc c cp vo

cc b bng h thng lc tun hon vi tc nc cp l 16 L/gi.
Trong thi gian th nghim, trung bnh v nhit nc, mn, pH v xy ho
tan (DO) l 29,3 0.6 oC, 25,6 0,5, 8,0 0,2 v 4,84 0,43 mg L-1.
2.3

Cng thc th nghim

Th nghim c 8 cng thc bao gm 1 cng thc thc n chun (T1) v 7 cng thc
kim tra nguyn liu (T2-T8). Cng thc T1 c xy dng da trn kt qu nghin
cu v thc n cho cua ca Vin Nghin Cu NTTS III. Cc cng thc T2, T3, T4,
T5, T6, T7 v T8 c to ra bng cch thay 30% thc n chun (T1) bng nguyn
liu cn xc nh tiu ha. Cht nh du dng trong th nghim l chromic
oxide Cr2O3 c trn vo thc n vi nng l 1%.
Chi tit v cc cng thc th nghim c trnh by trong bng 1.
Bng 1. Thnh phn cng thc thc n
Nguyn liu
Bt c Peru
Bt ruc
Bt mc
Bt u nnh
Cm go
Bt m
Du c
Du mc
Cholesterol
Dicalci-P
Kt dnh
Vitamin
Chromic oxide
Bt c
Bt ruc
u tm
u nnh
Khoai m
Cm
Bt m

T1

T2

T3

T4

T5

T6

T7

T8

40,6
7,9
5,0
14,9
4,0
10,9
3,0
5,0
1,0
1,0
3,0
3,0
1,0
-

28,4
5,5
3,5
10,4
2,8
7,6
2,1
3,5
0,7
0,7
2,1
2,1
1,0
29,7
-

28,4
5,5
3,5
10,4
2,8
7,6
2,1
3,5
0,7
0,7
2,1
2,1
1,0
29,7
-

28,4
5,5
3,5
10,4
2,8
7,6
2,1
3,5
0,7
0,7
2,1
2,1
1,0
29,7
-

28,4
5,5
3,5
10,4
2,8
7,6
2,1
3,5
0,7
0,7
2,1
2,1
1,0
29,7
-

28,4
5,5
3,5
10,4
2,8
7,6
2,1
3,5
0,7
0,7
2,1
2,1
1,0
29,7
-

28,4
5,5
3,5
10,4
2,8
7,6
2,1
3,5
0,7
0,7
2,1
2,1
1,0
29,7
-

28,4
5,5
3,5
10,4
2,8
7,6
2,1
3,5
0,7
0,7
2,1
2,1
1,0
29,7

2.4

Cch cho n v thu phn

Cho n 2 ln mi ngy lc 9h00 v lc 18h. Sau khi cho n 2 gi, ton b thc n
d c xi phng ra ngoi. Phn c thu trong cc khong thi gian t 7 n 9
gi, 11 n 17 gi, v 19 n 24 gi hng ngy. Phn thu ln c xt nh nc ct
ra nc mn. Phn c thu hng ngy v ct gi trong t ng su - 40 oC n
khi mu phn tch.
2.5

Phn tch ho sinh

Tt c cc ch tiu phn tch ho sinh nh m, m, lipid, tro, v chromic oxide

u c phn tch ti Trung Tm Cng Ngh Sau Thu Hoch, Vin nghin cu
NTTS 2, Tp. HCM.
2.6

Xc nh tiu ha

- tiu ha v cht kh (%) =100 x (1

Chromic oxide trong thc n

...................................................)
Chromic oxide trong phn

- tiu ha v cht dinh dng (%) = 100-100 x (F)(D)-1 x (DCr)(FCr)-1

Trong : F l phn trm cht dinh dng trong phn, D l phn trm cht dinh
dng trong thc n, DCr l phn trm Chromic oxide trong thc n, FCr l phn
trm chromic oxide trong phn cua.
- tiu ha ca cua i vi nguyn liu lm thc n (ADCingr) c xc nh da
vo cng thc c khuyn co bi Forster (1999).
ADCsingr (%) = [(a + b) x ADCcom a x ADCref]b-1
trong : a = phn trm cht dinh dng trong thc n chun nhn t l ca thc n
chun (100 i); i l t l thc liu a vo thc n; b = phn trm cht dinh dng
trong thc liu nhn vi t l ca thc liu a vo thc n (i); (a + b) l phn trm
cht dinh dng trong khu phn thc n hn hp. ADCingr l gii tiu i thc
liu, ADCcom l gii tiu i vi thc n hn hp, ADCref l gii tiu i vi
thc n chun.
3
3.1

Kt qu v tho lun
Thnh phn sinh ho ca nguyn liu

Kt qu v thnh phn sinh ho (cht kh, m, lipid, tro, v carbohydrate (NFE)

ca thc n v nguyn liu c trnh by trong bng 2.
Bng 2. Thnh phn sinh ha ca thc n v nguyn liu

Thc n
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8
Nguyn liu
Bt c
Bt ruc
u tm
u nnh
Khoai m
Cm
Bt m

Protein

Tro (%)

Lipid

NFE

Cr2O3

8,84

41,29

15,28

16,89

25,39

1,15

7,05

44,05

17,68

14,43

22,74

1,10

7,49

42,23

24,52

13,56

18,48

1,21

7,01

38,14

28,97

12,98

18,74

1,17

8,42

43,48

13,19

12,82

29,43

1,09

9,29

30,94

12,04

12,76

43,20

1,07

8,33

32,35

13,82

14,42

38,34

1,08

9,43

32,61

11,45

12,10

42,74

1,09

8,07

50,48

23,28

8,70

16,56

4,73

44,43

46,07

5,79

2,36

2,72

30,79

60,90

3,86

3,23

2,41

48,59

8,30

3,30

38,85

9,42

6,78

4,47

3,12

84,75

6,69

11,50

10,40

8,64

68,55

8,62

12,36

2,51

0,93

83,24

Bng 2 cho thy, hm lng protein, lipid, carbohydrate v tro ca cc nguyn

liu dao ng theo th t l 6,8%- 50,5%, 0,9- 8,7%, 2,4-83,2%, v 2,5-60,9%.
Nhn chung th m ca bt c a phng trong th nghim ny thp so vi bt
c khc. V d, m ca bt c ca c 73-76%( Allen & ctv,2000). Bt ruc v
bt u tm cng c hm lng m thp. Kt qu ny tng t nh cc bo co
ca Catacutan &ctv,2003). m ca bt u nnh tng i cao (48.6%) so vi
kt qu phn tch trong nghin cu trc y.Tuy nhin s khc bit ny khng
nhiu. Kt qu phn tch hm lng m, lipid, carbohydrate, tro ca cc nguyn
liu nh cm, bt m, khoai m u tng t nh cc nghin cu ca cc tc gi
trc (Catacutan &ctv,2003)
3.2

tiu ha

Kt qu nh gi kh nng tiu ha biu kin ca cua i vi cht kh, m, lipid,

tro, v carbohydrate ca nguyn liu 7 nghin cu c trnh by trong bng 3.
Bng 3. Tiu ha cht kh (ADMD), m (APD), lipid (ALD), tro (AAD), v
carbohydrate (ANFED) ca cua i vi nguyn liu
Nguyn liu

ADMD (%)

APD (%)

ADA (%)

ACFD (%)

ADN (%)

Thc n
chun
Bt c

78.080.30c

90.370.43c

47.801.64b

90.060.35ab

71.900.63ab

82.312.20b

92.850.86b

71.293.46a

88.550.74ab

67.285.47b

Bt ruc

79.231.22c

92.370.57bc

71.401.79a

59.602.73cd

70.2914.31ab

Bt u tm

79.000.18c

90.600.07bc

75.500.81a

57.193.24d

84.2316.33ab

BDN

87.380.13a

97.460.02a

77.780.37a

94.671.80a

77.830.41ab

Bt khoai m

86.390.41a

79.511.08f

51.622.48b

91.922.62a

89.240.28ab

Cm go

80.661.28bc

84.241.74e

55.683.88b

85.332.53ab

84.320.70ab

Bt m

87.450.31a

87.120.57d

15.705.21c

74.5014.52bc

90.810.29ab

*Gi tr trong cng mt ct c k hiu m ging nhau khng khc bit c ngha (P>0.05)
( n v tnh: trung bnh lch chun vi 3 ln lp li)

Bng 3 cho thy, cua Scylla paramamosain tiu ho tt cc nguyn liu bao gm
bt c a phng, bt ruc, bt u tm, bnh du u nnh, bt khoai m, cm
go, v bt m. tiu ha v cht kh cao hn 78%. Kt qu ny tng t nh
kt qu trc y nghin cu trn cua Scylla serrata (Catacutan &ctv., 2003) v
S. paramamosain (Tun, 2006).
tiu ha ca cua i vi m th trong bt c, bt ruc, bt u tm, bnh du
u nnh, bt khoai m, cm go, v bt m u cao (trn 79.5%) (Bng 3). Kt qu
ny tng t nh kt qu c bo co cho loi S. serrata (Catacutan &ctv.,
2003)(Catacutan et al., 2003; Tun v ctv., 2006) v S. paramamosain (Tun,
2006).
Tng t nh vy, tiu ha lipid ca cua i vi mt s nguyn liu nh bt
ruc, bt u tm, bt khoai m cng thp nh cc nghin cu trc y (Tun,
2006).
tiu ha ca cua i vi carbohydrate ca cc nguyn liu ny li cao hn kt
qu c bo co trc y (Tun, 2006). Kt qu nh gi tiu ha lipid v
carbohydrate ca cua i vi bt c, bt u nnh, bt m, bt khoai m, v cm go
u cho kt qu cao tng t nh nhng nghin cu trc y trn loi S. serrata
(Catacutan & ctv., 2003) v S. paramamosain (Tun, 2006).
Tuy nhin, kt qu tiu ha cht tro trong nghin cu ny tng i thp i vi
thc n chun (48%), bt khoai m (52%), cm go (56%) v bt m (16%). Kt qu
ny cho thy mt s khong cht cha trong cc thc liu ny c tiu ho
km.

Kt lun v xut
Cc nguyn liu trong nghin cu ny bao gm: bt c a phng, bt ruc, bt
u tm, bt u nnh, bt khoai m, cm go, v bt m u c kh nng dng lm
thc n cho cua bi v tiu ha ca cua u cao: trn 79% i vi cht kh, trn
79% i vi m th, cao hn 67% i vi cht khng cha nit, v cao hn 57%
i vi lipid.
Tuy nhin, cn c nhng nghin cu tip theo v tiu ha ca cua i vi tro
(cc khong cht) v vi cc acid amin thit yu.

Ti liu tham kho

Allan, G. L., Parkinson, S., Booth, M. A., Stone, D. A. J., Rowland, S. J., Frances, J. &
Smith, W. R. (2000). Replacement of fish meal in diets for Australian silver perch,
Bidyanus bidyanus: I. Digestibility of alternative ingredients. Aquaculture, 186,
293-310.
Catacutan, M. R., Eusebio, P. S. & Teshima, S. (2003). Apparent digestibility of selected
feedstuffs by mud crab, Scylla serrata. Aquaculture, 216(1-4), 253-261.
Cho, C. Y. & Bureau, D. P. (2001). A review of diet formulation strategies and feeding
systems to reduce excretory and wastes in aquaculture. Aquaculture Research, 32,
349-360.
De Silva, S. S. & Anderson, T. A. (1995). Digestion and absorption. In Fish nutrition in
Aquaculture, eds. S. S. De Silva & T. A. Anderson, Chapman & Hall, pp. 102-142.
Forster, I. (1999). A note on the method of calculating digestibility coefficients of nutrients
provided by single ingredients to feeds of aquatic animals. Aquaculture nutrition, 5,
143-145.
Thach, N. C. (2003). Status of marine crab aquaculture in Vietnam. Mud crab aquaculture
in Australia and Southeast Asia. Proceedings of the ACIAR crab aquaculture
scoping study and workshop 28-29 April 2003, Bribie Island, Brisbane, QLD,
Australia. Australian Centre for International Argriculture Research. 45-46.
Tuan, V. A. (2006). Study on development of formulated feed on grow out phase of mud
crab, Scylla serrata and S. paramamosain. In School of Sicence and Primary
Industries, Charles Darwin University. Darwin, Australia, pp. 200.
Tuan, V. A., Anderson, A., Luong-van, J., Shelley, C. & Allan, G. (2006). Apparent
digestibility of some nutrient sources by juvenile mud crab, Scylla serrata (Forskal
1775). Aquaculture Research, 37(4), 359-365.