Bo Co Thc Tp Truyn S Liu

Phn : M HNH MNG WORKGROUP H Vn Thuyn 08117447 Trn Th Thu Dng - 08117402 I.Mc ch: Kt ni cc my tnh v chia s thng tin v iu khin my tnh khc. II. L thuyt : 1. nh ngha a ch IP: IP l mt a ch ca mt my tnh khi truy cp vo mng cc my tnh c th trao i thng tin cho nhau mt cch chnh xc, trnh tht lc. C th coi a ch IP trong mng my tnh ging nh a ch nh ca bn nhn vin bu in c th a th ng cho bn ch khng phi mt ngi no khc. Mi a ch IP l duy nht trong cng mt cp mng. a ch IP hot ng nh mt b nh v mt thit b IP tm thy v giao tip vi nhau. Tuy nhin, mc ch ca n khng phi dng lm b nh danh lun lun xc nh duy nht mt thit b c th. Trong thc t hin nay, mt a IP hu nh khng lm b nh danh, do nhng cng ngh nh gn a ch ng v bin dch a ch mng. 2. Cc lp ca a ch IP a ch IP bao gm 4 lp sau: Lp a ch A B C D 1.0.0.0 126.0.0.0 128.0.0.0 191.255.0.0 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.0 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.254

S mng 2 -2 214 221

7

S host 224 - 2 216 - 2 28 - 2

S dng trong nghin cu

3. ngha ca Subnet mask khi cu hnh a ch IP Subnet mask l a ch m trong tt c cc bit host bng 1. Subnet mask c gi km theo a ch IP ca my xc nh my c a ch mng l g. 4. a ch MAC a ch MAC l a ch vt l ca card mng, c xc nh duy nht trn ton th gii. Mi khi mt nh sn xut ch to ra 1 card mng, phi nh a ch MAC duy nht cho n. a ch MAC c biu din bng mt s nh phn 48 bit (hoc vit ngn gn l 12 s hexa). Trong 24 bit u l m s ca cng ty sn xut Card mng , cn 24 bit sau l s seri ca tng Card mng i vi mt hng sn xut. Nh vy ngi ta bo m khng c hai Card mng no trng nhau v

a ch vt l, ngi dng khng th thay i c a ch MAC ca card mng (Tuy nhin c th gi mo c). a ch MAC l a ch quan trng nht trao i d liu, a ch IP ch c ngha logic tm ng n thit b mng no (do hin trng c qu nhiu network lin kt vi nhau trong khi a ch MAC khng c s gn gi nhau nhn bit v tr c). Khi cc thit b mng "ni chuyn" tht s vi nhau, chng ch hiu a ch MAC. C th y l cng vic ca tng Data Link trong m hnh OSI, n ng gi gi tin ca tng Network vo 1 Frame trong c phn Frame Header cha a ch MAC ngun v ch, sau n mi y Frame ln ng truyn. Cc thit b mng trong LAN u nhn c, chng s bc Frame Header ra xem MAC ch c phi l n hay khng, nu khng phi n b ngay, nu ng th lc ny n mi nhn gi tin bn trong v x l tip. Nh vy ta thy r nu a ch MAC khng ng, a ch IP khng h c bit ti 5. Cch xc a ch MAC ca mng C nhiu cch xc nh a ch MAC, chng hn nh da vo loi thit b ang s dng, vo h iu hnh (HH) ang s dng. Vi HH Windows: S dng lnh winipcfg (Windows 95, 98 v ME) hoc ipconfig /all (Windows NT, 2000, XP, Vista, Windows 7). C hai lnh winipcfg v ipconfig u c th hin th nhiu a ch MAC tng ng vi nhiu card mng khc nhau trn cng my tnh. Vi HH Unix/Linux: Ty thuc vo phin bn HH m lnh tm a ch MAC s khc nhau, chng hn trong Linux v 1 vi phin bn ca Unix, lnh "ifconfig -a" s tr v a ch MAC ca thit b hoc c th tm a ch MAC trong file log (/var/log/messages hay /var/adm/message). Bn cnh , HH cng hin th a ch MAC trn mn hnh trong qu trnh h thng khi ng. HH Macintosh: Trong Macintosh, bn c th tm a ch MAC trong TCP/IP Control Panel. Nu chy trn Open Transport, a ch MAC thng xut hin bn di mn hnh "Info" hay "User Mode/Advanced". Nu chy trn MacTCP, a ch MAC s di biu tng "Ethernet". 6. Giao thc dng tm a ch MAC Trn thc t, cc card mng (NIC) ch c th kt ni vi nhau theo a ch MAC, a ch c nh v duy nht ca phn cng. Do vy ta phi c mt c ch chuyn i cc dng a ch ny qua li vi nhau. T ta c giao thc phn gii a ch: Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). Nguyn tc lm vic ca ARP trong mt mng LAN. Khi mt thit b mng mun bit a ch MAC ca mt thit b mng no m n bit a ch tng network (IP, IPX) n s gi mt ARP request

bao gm a ch MAC address ca n v a ch IP ca thit b m n cn bit MAC address trn ton b mt min broadcast. Mi mt thit b nhn c request ny s so snh a ch IP trong request vi a ch tng network ca mnh. Nu trng a ch th thit b phi gi ngc li cho thit b gi ARP request mt gi tin (trong c cha a ch MAC ca mnh). Trong mt h thng mng n gin, v d nh PC A mun gi gi tin n PC B v n ch bit c a ch IP ca PC B. Khi PC A s phi gi mt ARP broadcast cho ton mng hi xem "a ch MAC ca PC c a ch IP ny l g ?" Khi PC B nhn c broadcast ny, n s so snh a ch IP trong gi tin ny vi a ch IP ca n. Nhn thy a ch l a ch ca mnh, PC B s gi li mt gi tin cho PC A trong c cha a ch MAC ca B. Sau PC A mi bt u truyn gi tin cho B. Nguyn tc hot ng ca ARP trong mi trng h thng mng: Hot ng ca ARP trong mt mi trng phc tp hn l hai h thng mng gn vi nhau thng qua mt Router C. My A thuc mng A mun gi gi tin n my B thuc mng B. Do cc broadcast khng th truyn qua Router nn khi my A s xem Router C nh mt cu ni hay mt trung gian (Agent) truyn d liu. Trc , my A s bit c a ch IP ca Router C (a ch Gateway) v bit c rng truyn gi tin ti B phi i qua C. Tt c cc thng tin nh vy s c cha trong mt bng gi l bng nh tuyn (routing table). Bng nh tuyn theo c ch ny c lu gi trong mi my. Bng nh tuyn cha thng tin v cc Gateway truy cp vo mt h thng mng no . V d trong trng hp trn trong bng s ch ra rng i ti LAN B phi qua port X ca Router C. Bng nh tuyn s c cha a ch IP ca port X. Qu trnh truyn d liu theo tng bc sau : My A gi mt ARP request (broadcast) tm a ch MAC ca port X. Router C tr li, cung cp cho my A a ch MAC ca port X. My A truyn gi tin n port X ca Router. Router nhn c gi tin t my A, chuyn gi tin ra port Y ca Router. Trong gi tin c cha a ch IP ca my B. Router s gi ARP request tm a ch MAC ca my B. My B s tr li cho Router bit a ch MAC ca mnh. Sau khi nhn c a ch MAC ca my B, Router C gi gi tin ca A n B Trn thc t ngoi dng bng nh tuyn ny ngi ta cn dng phng php proxyARP, trong c mt thit b m nhn nhim v phn gii a ch cho tt c cc thit b khc.Theo cc my trm khng cn gi bng nh tuyn na Router C s c nhim v thc hin, tr li tt c cc ARP request ca tt c cc my . III. Cc bc thc hnh:

1. t a ch IP cho my tnh
Vo Start => Settings => Network Connections

Chn card mng tng ng mun t a ch IP. Chn Properies ca Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4).

Check chn Use the following IP address v User the following DNS server addresses

Cung cp cc thng tin

Chn Ok hai ln ghi nhn cc thit lp.

Vo Start, g vo hp thoi Run cu lnh cmd m ca s cu lnh (command line).

Kim tra kt qu Trong ca s cu lnh, g lnh ping 192.168.1.1 kim tra thng mng gia 2 my tnh

2. t nhiu a ch IP cho my tnh. Click Start, click Settings v chn Network Connections

Chn Properties ca card mng ca PC A tab General, chn Properties ca Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4).

Click chn Advanced v Click Add IP address v thm 1 a ch IP thuc ng mng 10.100.100.0/16 l 10.100.100.1

3.To th mc dng chung. Click chut phi ln th mc cn chia s, chn Sharing and Security Check chn Share this folder on the network Nhp tn chia s cho th mc vo Share name. Khng check chn Allow network users to change my files

Chn Ok ghi nhn cc thit lp

4. Truy xut ti file chia s. S dng hp thoi Run kim tra v truy xut ti cc th mc chia s trn my tnh 192.168.1.15 Xem cc ti nguyn c chia s trn my tnh 192.168.1.15, g lnh : \\192.168.1.15

Truy xut ta thy file chia s trn my 192.168.1.15 l Folder vu

D liu trong th mc chia s Folder VU

5. nh x v MAP a mng. S dng Wizard - M chng trnh qun l tp tin Windows Explorer ( double click vo My computer) - Tools -> Map Network Driver gi Wizard

Xut hin hp thoi

- Drive: K t a trn h thng c gn truy xut th mc chia s - Folder: V tr th mc chia s: \\192.168.1.15\Public - Check chn Reconnect at logon nu mun gi li a mng trn h thng cho cc ln s dng sau. S dng command line

- Gi command line ca Windows >net use * \\192.168.1.15\Public - Cung cp username & password hp l nh x thnh cng nu b yu cu 6. Remote Desktop

Tin hnh Nhp phi vo My computer chn tab Remote. Ngay hp thoi Remote Assitance chn Advanced.

Hp thoi Remote Assitance Settings xut hin, chnh thng s thi gian trong mc Invitations cho php thi gian ti a cc my tnh khc c th remote ti my tnh ny, sau nhp chn OK. Ti hp thoi System Properties, phn Remote Desktop, check vo mc Allow users to connect remotely to this computer v nhp OK.

Tt tng la cho dch v Remote Desktop: vo Control Panel Security Center Windows firewall Chn th Exceptions Check vo Remote Desktop OK.

To user cp cho my tnh khc kt ni remote vi mnh: to user mi vi tn l: NhomV , password l 123456. VoStart Control Panel User Accouts, xut hin hp thoi:

Chn Create a new account, xut hin hp thoi nhp tn user, sau nhn Next:

Xut hin ca s la chn quyn user, check chn Computer Administrator, nhn Creat Account.

Click vo mc Create a password, xut hin tip hp thoi nhp password, tin hnh nhp password cho user ny l 123456, sau nhn Creat password kt thc vic to password:

Kim tra kt qu - Trn my tnh 192.168.1.10, tin hnh kt ni vo Remote vo my tnh 192.168.1.15 Vo Start All programs Accessories Communications Remote Desktop Connection .

Xut hin hp thoi

Hp thoi Log on to Windows,nhp vo user name v pass to my 192.168.1.15 sau chn OK.

Xut hin hp thoi yu cu xc nhn, chn Yes xc nhn Trn my tnh 192.168.1.15 , xut hin hp thoi yu cu xc nhn ng , chn Yes xc nhn. Khi kt ni thnh cng, trn mn hnh my tnh 192.168.1.15 s xut hin 1 ca s iu khin my tnh 192.168.1.15 nh hnh di

IV. Kt lun Sau thc hnh bi ny chng ta thc hin c vic cu hnh IP cho my tnh ca mnh. Thc hin vic chia s file gia cc my tnh vi nhau thng qua Share file . iu khin my tnh khc thng qua Remote Desktop.