USEFUL ELECTRICAL FORMULAE

DISTRIBUTION
To Calculate Kilowatts = Single Phase I x V x p.f. 1000 kVA = IxV 1000 Motor HP = I x V x % Eff. x p.f. 746 Current = HP x 746 V x % Eff. x p.f. Current = kW x 1000 V x p.f. Transformer Secondary Current Approximate prospective 3 phase transformer bolt short circuit secondary current Maximum prospective 3 phase transformer H.V. switchgear MVA rating Time for which a copper / PVC conductor will accept a known fault current V I % Eff. p.f. I sc = = = = = Volts Amperes Percentage efficiency Power Factor Short Circuit current (RMS) %Z kVA HP kVA sc S = = = = = t = kVAsc = = kVA x 1000 V Isc = = = = = = = Three Phase I x V x 3 x p.f. 1000 I x V X 3 1000 I x V x 3 x % Eff. x p.f. 746 HP x 746 3 x V x % Eff. x p.f. kW x 1000 3 x V x p.f. kVA x 1000 3 x V kVA x 105 V x 3 x % Z MVA x 106 V x 3 1152 S2 seconds 12sc Transformer percentage impedance Transformer Rating Horsepower = 746 Watts Prospective fault level Conductor C.S.A. in mm2

LIGHTING
Average Illumination (Lumen Method) EAV = FxNxMxC A or N = Eav x A CxMxF F N M A = = = = The Lumen output of the lamp(s) or tubes(s) Number of Luminaires Maintenance Factor Area (M2 )

EAV = Average illumance (lux)

C = Coefficient of utilisation (ascertained by Room Index & Manufacturers data) Room Index RI = LxW Hm (L + W) L N = = Length of Room Width of rooms (metres) Mounting height of luminaire above working plane (metres) Point illumination (lux) Source intensity (candelas) Angle of beam from vertical plane Height of source (metres)

Hm = E or E = I Cos D 2 + H2 I H = = = =

Point by Point Method E = I Cos3 H2

D = Horizontal distance away from source (metres)

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