I.

Khi qut chung v nhng cng ty nh my OEM (Original Equipment Manufacture): - OEM (Original Equipment Manufacture) c dng gi cc cng ty/nh my sn xut thit b gc. - Mt nh sn xut thit b gc OEM, sn xut cc sn phm hoc cc thnh phn c mua bi mt cng ty khc v bn l di tn thng hiu m cng ty mua s dng. - y l cc cng ty thc s ch to ra mt thit b phn cng no . Khc vi nhng ngi bun bn li, lm tng gi tr hng ha, H l nhng nh ch to, sa cha, ng gi v bn ra thit b phn cng . - Cc cng ty/nh my OEM c th tham kho cng ty mua sn phm ca mnh v vic s dng trong cc sn phm mt thnh phn c cng ty th hai thc hin. V d: Nu hng Apple mua sn phm a quang t hng Toshiba t vo my tnh ca Apple th hng Apple l mt OEM cn Toshiba s l cng ty th hai c nhc n trn. - V c bn, OEM c kh nhiu im tng ng vi ODM v cng sn xut sn phm c mua bi cng ty khc v a n ngi tiu dng di ci tn thng hiu m cng ty mua s dng. Tuy nhin cng c nhiu im khc bit gia OEM v ODM: Sn phm OEM c sn xut c bit cho cc thng hiu ln v ch c th dng cho thng hiu ny, khng lo ngi b lm dng bi cc cng ty khc. Trong khi sn phm ODM c v th khc hn. Cng ty mang thng hiu c th c s hu c quyn trn sn phm c to ra hoc c th khng c s hu c quyn. Trng hp khng c, cc cng ty khc c quyn sn xut theo mu m trn vi iu kin ngi khc khng th nhn ra c l sn phm thuc cng ty mang thng hiu. - Cc cng ty cng s dng cc nhn OEM theo di cc sn phm m h sn xut. iu ny cho php cng ty theo di cc sn phm t nh my, nh kho, sau n cc ca hng, ni sn phm c bn. II.V d v mt cng ty/nh my OEM: IBM (International Business Machines): 1.Gii thiu chung v tp on IBM: - IBM, vit tt ca International Business Machines, l mt tp on cng ngh my tnh a quc gia c tr s ti New York, M. IBM c thnh lp nm 1911 ti Thnh ph New York, lc u c tn l Computing Tabulating Recording (CTR) v i thnh International Business Machines vo nm 1924. - IBM l nh sn xut v bn phn cng, phn mm my tnh, c s h tng, dch v my ch v t vn trong nhiu lnh vc t my tnh ln n cng ngh nano.

- IBM l cng ty/tp on u tin a ra nh ngha OEM l mt nh sn xut thit b c th c bn trn th trng bi nh sn xut khc. N c th xut pht t mt cm t ting H Lan Onder Eiger Merk c ngha l di thng hiu ring. - IBM pht trin rt nhiu nhng h thng OEM (OEM system) nhm a sn phm ca mnh n vi ngi tiu dng thng qua nhiu thng hiu khc nhau. IBM cung cp my ch, lu tr v cng ngh mng c thit k ring theo yu cu t pha i tc. iu cho php i tc tp trung vo vn thng mi khc ch khng cn ch nhiu v k thut sn xut. 2.Cc quy trnh sn xut theo tiu chun ISO 9001:2008 ca IBM: Tp on IBM nhn rt nhiu n t hng sn xut in t c bit l my tnh t nhiu i tc khc nhau trn th gii. Vi mi loi my tnh c t hng sn xut, cc quy trnh lun tun th cht ch theo tiu chun trong h thng qun l cht lng: a.Tm hiu th trng v cc yu cu t pha i tc: - IBM s ch ng tm hiu th hiu t pha ngi s dng nhm nm bt c nhu cu c th t pha th trng. - ng thi vi t cch l mt nh my OEM, IBM cng tm hiu cc yu cu t pha i tc t mua sn my tnh bao gm: +Yu cu k thut ca my tnh (hnh dng, mu sc, h iu hnh, cc thng s k thut khc) +Yu cu v hp ng sn xut, cc hot ng giao hng v sau giao hng. +Yu cu v cc lut nh i km. +Cc yu cu b sung cn thit. - T vic nm bt c th trng v yu cu c th t pha cc cng ty i tc, IBM s xem xt k lng v kh nng p ng cc yu cu trc khi k hp ng cung cp sn phm. - Giai on ny gip IBM nm bt nhu cu th trng v yu cu c th t i tc nhm c k hoch sn xut chi tit. b.Hoch nh: bc ny, tp on IBM s da vo thng tin tm hiu th trng v yu cu hp ng xc nh r cc vn : - Yu cu v cht lng i vi my tnh. - Cc giai on sn xut cn thit v nhn lc cn c. - a ra yu cu v cc hot ng kim tra, chy th nhm m bo gi tr s dng ca my tnh. T nhng vn xc nh c trn, IBM c c k hoch s b cho qu trnh sn xut.

c.Thit k: - Da vo nhng thng tin v yu cu thu thp c trn, IBM s tin hnh vic thit k my tnh p ng c cc yu cu cn c. - Bc thit k ny bao gm c xc nh r: +Cc giai on chi tit trong qu trnh thit k. +Cc quy trnh kim tra, xc nhn tnh chnh xc ca thit k. +Trch nhim v quyn hn ca cc c nhn tham gia thit k. - i vi sn phm cn sn xut, bc thit k cn xc nh r u vo thit k: +Chc nng y ca my tnh (cc cng dng ca phn cng, phn mm, h iu hnh s dng) +Thng tin sn c t cc thit k trc nhm c hng ci tin tch cc. +Cc yu cu lin quan khc. - Vic thit k s cho kt qu u ra: +p ng y cc yu cu u vo nh trn. +Cung cp y thng tin cho cc vn mua nguyn vt liu, thnh phn my tnh, cng nh sn xut. +Xc nh cc c tnh ct yu ca my tnh nhm p ng an ton v s dng ng sn phm. d.Nhp nguyn vt liu: +i vi sn phm my tnh, IBM sn xut hu ht cc thnh phn ca my, t phn cng, phn mm cho n cc vi nhn. V vy bc nhp nguyn liu ny bao gm nhp cc nguyn liu th cho nh my sn xut. +Cc nguyn liu nhp vo cn p ng y theo thit k a ra trc cng nh p ng y theo hp ng vi cng ty i tc. +Giai on ny cung cp nhng yu t u vo v nguyn vt liu cho giai on sn xut. e.Sn xut v cung cp dch v: - Kim sot sn xut: +Bo m c cc my mc trong dy chuyn sn xut sn xut cc b phn cn thit, cc thit b o lng, gim st cng nh bo m c y cc cng c cho vic kim tra, th nghim tnh dng c. +Dy chuyn sn xut hot ng ng theo thit k a ra v hoch nh vch ra trc . +Bo ton sn phm hon thin trong qu trnh x l sau sn xut v qu trnh giao hng cho i tc. +Lun theo di, th nghim bo m sn phm mang y tnh nng cng dng hoc c cc thng s k thut cn thit nh bn i tc yu cu.

+Cung cp dch v: Do l nh sn xut, ng gi my tnh cho cc i tc nn IBM va c nhim v lu tr bo dng khi c yu cu t pha i tc, va theo di th trng tiu th sn phm nhm m bo tnh c quyn thng hiu cho pha i tc.