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Toadophang
Toadophang
PP to trong mt phng
TP 01: NG THNG
Cu 1.
3 x - y - 4 = 0 (D2 )
12 + (-7)2
12 + 12
ng thng cn tm i qua M(0;1) v song song vi D1 hoc D2 .
KL: x + 3y - 3 = 0 v 3x - y + 1 = 0
Cu 2.
= cos 450 3 A2 - 8 AB - 3B 2 = 0
B = -3 A
A2 + B2 22 + (-1)2
* Nu A = 3B ta c ng thng d : 3 x + y - 5 = 0
* Nu B = 3A ta c ng thng d : x - 3y - 5 = 0
Vy c hai ng thng tho mn yu cu bi ton. d : 3x + y - 5 = 0 ; d : x - 3y - 5 = 0 .
Cu hi tng t:
a) d1 : x - 7 y + 17 = 0 , d2 : x + y - 5 = 0 , P(0;1) .
S: x + 3y - 3 = 0 ; 3 x - y + 1 = 0 .
Cu 3.
I (1; -2) . Vit phng trnh ng thng D i qua I v ct d1, d2 ln lt ti A v B sao cho
AB = 2 2 .
uur
uur
Gi s A(a; -3a - 5) d1; B(b; -3b - 1) d2 ; IA = (a - 1; -3a - 3); IB = (b - 1; -3b + 1)
uur
uur
b - 1 = k (a - 1)
I, A, B thng hng IB = kIA
-3b + 1 = k (-3a - 3)
Nu a = 1 th b = 1 AB = 4 (khng tho).
b -1
Nu a 1 th -3b + 1 =
(-3a - 3) a = 3b - 2
a -1
2
Trang 1
PP to trong mt phng
+ Vi t =
Cu 4.
Trn S Tng
-2
-2
4
2
a-b =
b = , a = D : 7x - y - 9 = 0
5
5
5
5
(
d
)
B
(2
b
2;
b
)
MB = (2b - 3; b)
2
uuur
uuur
uuur
uuur
T A, B, M thng hng v MB = 3MA MB = 3MA (1) hoc MB = -3MA (2)
2 1
A 0; -1)
A - ;(1) 3 3 (d ) : x - 5y - 1 = 0 hoc (2) (
(d ) : x - y - 1 = 0
B(4;3)
B(-4; -1)
Cu 5.
Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho im M(1; 1). Lp phng trnh ng thng (d)
i qua M v ct hai ng thng d1 : 3x - y - 5 = 0, d2 : x + y - 4 = 0 ln lt ti A, B sao cho
Cu 6.
2 MA 3MB = 0 .
Gi s A(a;3a - 5) d1 , B(b;4 - b) d2 .
uuur
uuur
2 MA = 3MB (1)
uuur
V A, B, M thng hng v 2 MA = 3MB nn uuur
2
MA
=
3
MB (2)
5
5 5
a =
2(a - 1) = 3(b - 1)
+ (1)
A ; , B(2;2) . Suy ra d : x - y = 0 .
2
2(3a - 6) = 3(3 - b)
2 2
b = 2
2(a - 1) = -3(b - 1)
a = 1
+ (2)
Cu 7.
x y
+ = 1 (a,b>0)
a b
3 1 C - si 3 1
+
2 . ab 12 .
a b
a b
a = 3b
a = 6
M OA + 3OB = a + 3b 2 3ab = 12 (OA + 3OB)min = 12 3 1 1
b = 2
a = b = 2
x y
Phng trnh ng thng d l: + = 1 x + 3y - 6 = 0
6 2
Trang 2
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Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
Cu 8.
Cu 9.
1 2 1 3
2 1 9
4
9
4
9
9
4
9
1 = + = . + 1. + 1 +
+ 2
+
.
2
2
2
2
2
b 9 a
10
10
b
a
b
OA
OB
a b 3 a
1 3
2
1 2
20
Du bng xy ra khi : = 1: v
+ = 1 a = 10, b =
d : 2 x + 9 y - 20 = 0 .
3 a
b
a b
9
Cu 10. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, vit phng trnh ng thng D i qua im M(3;1)
x y
+ =1 .
a b
2 1
2b + a = ab
+ =1
Theo gi thit, ta c: a b
.
ab
=
8
ab = 8
Khi ab = 8 th 2b + a = 8 . Nn: b = 2; a = 4 d1 : x + 2 y - 4 = 0 .
Khi ab = -8 th 2b + a = -8 . Ta c: b2 + 4b - 4 = 0 b = -2 2 2 .
+ Vi b = -2 + 2 2 d : (1 - 2 ) x + 2 (1 + 2 ) y - 4 = 0
+ Vi b = -2 - 2 2 d : (1 + 2 ) x + 2 (1 - 2 ) y + 4 = 0 .
Cu hi tng t:
a) M (8;6), S = 12 .
S: d : 3x - 2 y - 12 = 0 ; d : 3 x - 8y + 24 = 0
Cu 12. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho im A(2; 1) v ng thng d c phng trnh
2a - b
10
5(a2 + b2 )
(D1): x + y 1 = 0 v (D2): x + 7y + 5 = 0
Trang 3
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PP to trong mt phng
Trn S Tng
Ta c: cos 450 =
a = 5b
5a2 - 24ab - 5b2 = 0
5a = - b
13. a2 + b2
+ Vi a = 5b . Chn a = 5, b = 1 Phng trnh D : 5 x + y - 11 = 0 .
+ Vi 5a = -b . Chn a = 1, b = -5 Phng trnh D : x - 5y + 3 = 0 .
Cu 14. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy , cho ng thng d : 2 x - y - 2 = 0 v im I(1;1) .
10 v to vi ng thng
d mt gc bng 45 .
2a - b
2
a +b . 5
a = 3b
b = -3a
2
4+c
c = 6
= 10
c = -14
10
-2 + c
c = -8
= 10
Vi b = -3a D: x - 3y + c = 0 . Mt khc d ( I ; D) = 10
c = 12
10
Vi a = 3b D: 3x + y + c = 0 . Mt khc d ( I ; D) = 10
Vy cc ng thng cn tm: 3 x + y + 6 = 0; 3x + y - 14 = 0 ; x - 3y - 8 = 0; x - 3y + 12 = 0 .
Cu 15. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho im M (0; 2) v hai ng thng d1 , d2 c
t gi tr nh nht.
AB 2 AC 2
A = d1 d2 A(-1;1) . Ta c d1 ^ d2 . Gi D l ng thng cn tm. H l hnh chiu
vung gc ca A trn D . ta c:
1
1
AB
1
AC
=
1
1
AH
1
AM 2
(khng i)
t gi tr nh nht bng
trn (C ) : x 2 + y 2 4 y = 0 . Tm M thuc (d) v N thuc (C) sao cho chng i xng qua im
A(3; 1).
M (d) M(3b+4; b) N(2 3b; 2 b)
6
N (C) (2 3b)2 + (2 b)2 4(2 b) = 0 b = 0; b =
5
Trang 4
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
38 6
8 4
Vy c hai cp im: M(4;0) v N(2;2) hoc M ; , N - ;
5 5
5 5
Cu 17. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho im A(1; 1) v ng thng D: 2 x + 3y + 4 = 0 . Tm
169t - 156t - 45 = 0
.
r =
AB. u
2
2
t = - 3
13
32 4
22 32
Vy cc im cn tm l: B1 - ; , B2 ; - .
13 13
13 13
Cu 18. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng thng d : x - 3y - 6 = 0 v im N(3; 4) .
= 3 9m + 24 = 15 m = -1; m =
5
3
-13
-13
+ Vi m = -1 M (3; -1)
+ Vi m =
M -7;
3
3
trn ng thng d hai im B, C sao cho tam gic ABC vung B v AB = 2BC .
Gi s B(2b - 2; b), C (2c - 2; c) d .
uuur r
2 6
2 5
5
V DABC vung B nn AB ^ d AB.ud = 0 B ; AB =
BC =
5
5
5 5
c = 1 C (0;1)
5
1
BC =
125c 2 - 300c + 180 =
4 7
7
c = C ;
5
5
5
5 5
2
2
2
2 (*)
AB = AC
(b - 1) + (b + 1) = (c - 1) + (5 - c)
V c = 1 khng l nghim ca (*) nn
Trang 5
PP to trong mt phng
Trn S Tng
(b + 1)(5 - c)
(1)
b - 1 =
c -1
(*)
(5 - c)2
(b + 1)2
+ (b + 1)2 = (c - 1)2 + (5 - c)2 (2)
2
(c - 1)
b = c - 2
.
T (2) (b + 1)2 = (c - 1)2
b = -c
+ Vi b = c - 2 , thay vo (1) ta c c = 4, b = 2 B(2;1), C (4;5) .
+ Vi b = -c , thay vo (1) ta c c = 2, b = -2 B(-2;5), C (2;7) .
Vy: B(2;1), C (4;5) hoc B(-2;5), C (2;7) .
Cu 21. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho cc im A(0; 1) B(2; 1) v cc ng thng c
3 1
m -1 m - 2
Ta c D =
= 2 m - + > 0, "m
2 - m m -1
2 2
Trang 6
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
TP 02: NG TRN
Cu 1.
Cu 2.
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c din tch bng
Cu 3.
Khi : d (I , d2 ) = d ( I , d3 )
10
70 7
S: ( x - 10) + y = 49 hoc x - + y + = .
43
43 43
Cu 4.
Gi s tm I (-3t - 8; t ) D.. Ta c: d ( I , D ) = IA
3(-3t - 8) - 4t + 10
2
3 +4
Cu 5.
PP to trong mt phng
Trn S Tng
4a - 3b + 3 3a - 4b - 31
54 - 3a
duuu
(rI , D) = d (I , D ')
4a - 3
+ 3 = 6a - 85
=
4
5
5
IM ^ uD = (3; 4)
3(a - 6) + 4(b - 9) = 0
3a + 4b = 54
25a - 150 = 4 6a - 85
a = 10; b = 6
54 - 3a
b
=
a = -190; b = 156
4
Vy: (C ) : ( x - 10)2 + ( y - 6)2 = 25 tip xc vi D ' ti N(13;2)
hoc (C ) : ( x + 190)2 + ( y - 156)2 = 60025 tip xc vi D ' ti N(-43; -40)
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, vit phng trnh ng trn i qua A(2; -1) v tip
xc vi cc trc to .
( x - a)2 + ( y + a)2 = a2 (a)
Phng trnh ng trn c dng:
2
2
2
( x - a) + ( y - a) = a (b)
a) a = 1; a = 5
b) v nghim.
Cu 6.
Cu 7.
4
4 16
4
m = th phng trnh ng trn l: x - + y + = .
3
3
3
9
Cu 8.
Tm I ca ng trn nm
uuurtrn ng trung trc d ca on AB
d qua M(1; 2) c VTPT l AB = (4;2) d: 2x + y 4 = 0 Tm I(a;4 2a)
a = 3
Ta c IA = d(I,D) 11a - 8 = 5 5a2 - 10a + 10 2a2 37a + 93 = 0
31
a =
2
31
31
4225
31
65
Vi a =
I ; -27 , R =
(C): x - + ( y + 27)2 =
2
2
2
4
2
Cu 9.
2 10
, c tm thuc d v tip xc vi D .
5
Tm I d I (-2a + 3; a) . (C) tip xc vi D nn:
phng trnh ng trn c bn knh bng
d (I , D) = R
a-2
10
2 10
a = 6
5
a = -2
Trang 8
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
8
8
hoc (C): ( x - 7)2 + ( y + 2)2 = .
5
5
4 2
phng trnh ng trn (C) i xng vi ng trn (C) qua im M ;
5 5
(C) c tm I(0;2), bn knh R = 3. Gi I l im i xng ca I qua M
8 -6
I ; (C):
5 5
8
6
x - +y+ = 9
5
5
phng trnh ng trn (C) tm M(5; 1) bit (C) ct (C) ti hai im A, B sao cho
AB = 3 .
Gi H ( x; y ) l trung im ca AB. Ta c:
3
9
2
2
2
2
IH = R - AH = 2
( x - 1) + ( y + 2) = 4
1
29
x = - 5 ; y = - 10
1 29
11 11
H - ; - hoc H ; - .
5 10
5 10
x = 11 ; y = - 11
5
10
1 29
Vi H - ; - . Ta c R2 = MH 2 + AH 2 = 43 PT (C): ( x - 5)2 + ( y - 1)2 = 43 .
5 10
11 11
Vi H ; - . Ta c R2 = MH 2 + AH 2 = 13 PT (C): ( x - 5)2 + ( y - 1)2 = 13 .
5 10
Cu 13. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C): ( x - 1)2 + ( y - 2)2 = 4 v im
PP to trong mt phng
Trn S Tng
1
vi cc nh: A(2;3), B ;0 , C (2;0) .
4
1
2
9
1
4 + ( -3)
d
DB AB
4=
khi v ch khi
=
4d - 1 = 6 - 3d d = 1.
2
DC AC
2-d
2
4 + ( -3 )
x +2 y-3
x +2 y -3
=
x + y - 1 = 0 ; AC:
=
3x + 4 y - 6 = 0
3
-3
4
-3
Gi s tm I ca ng trn ni tip c tung l b. Khi honh l 1- b v bn knh
cng bng b. V khong cch t I ti AC cng phi bng b nn ta c:
4
3 (1 - b ) + 4b - 6
b - 3 = 5b b = - 3
= b b - 3 = 5b
2
2
b - 3 = -5b b = 1
3 +4
2
1
R rng ch c gi tr b = l hp l.
2
Phng trnh AD:
1
1
1
Vy, phng trnh ca ng trn ni tip DABC l: x - + y - =
2
2
4
phng trnh: (C1): ( x - 3)2 + ( y + 4)2 = 8 , (C2): ( x + 5)2 + ( y - 4)2 = 32 . Vit phng trnh
ng trn (C) c tm I thuc d v tip xc ngoi vi (C1) v (C2).
Gi I, I1, I2, R, R1, R2 ln lt l tm v bn knh ca (C), (C1), (C2). Gi s I (a; a 1) d .
(C) tip xc ngoi vi (C1), (C2) nn II1 = R + R1, II 2 = R + R2 II1 R1 = II 2 R2
M(2; 7). Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua M v tip xc vi ng trn ngoi tip
DABC.
Trang 10
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
y + 7 = 0; 4x + 3y + 27 = 0.
Cu 18. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 + 2 x = 0 . Vit phng trnh tip
b- 3
= 1 b = 2 + 3 .
2
Kt lun: (D1 ) : 3 x - y 2 + 3 = 0
+ (D2 ) : 3 x + y + b = 0 tip xc (C) d ( I , D2 ) = R
b- 3
= 1 b = 2 + 3 .
2
Kt lun: (D2 ) : 3 x + y 2 + 3 = 0 .
Cu 19. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x 2 + y 2 - 6 x - 2 y + 5 = 0 v
ng thng (d): 3x + y - 3 = 0 . Lp phng trnh tip tuyn vi ng trn (C), bit tip
tuyn khng i qua gc to v hp vi ng thng (d) mt gc 450 .
5.
Gi s (D): ax + by + c = 0 (c 0) .
d ( I , D) = 5
a = 2, b = -1, c = -10
D : 2 x - y - 10 = 0
T:
2 a = 1, b = 2, c = -10 D : x + 2 y - 10 = 0 .
cos(d , D) =
2
Cu 20. Trong h to Oxy , cho ng trn (C ) : ( x - 1)2 + ( y - 1)2 = 10 v ng thng
r
(C) c tm I(1;1) bn knh R = 10 . Gi n = (a; b) l VTPT ca tip tuyn D (a2 + b2 0) ,
V (
D, d ) = 450 nn
2a - b
a2 + b2 . 5
a = 3b
b = -3a
2
4+c
c = 6
= 10
c = -14
10
-2 + c
c = -8
Vi b = -3a D: x - 3y + c = 0 . Mt khc d ( I ; D) = R
= 10
c = 12
10
Vi a = 3b D: 3x + y + c = 0 . Mt khc d ( I ; D) = R
Cu 21. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, vit phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca hai ng trn
(C1): x 2 + y 2 2 x 2 y 2 = 0 , (C2): x 2 + y 2 8 x 2 y + 16 = 0 .
(C1) v (C2) c 3 tip tuyn, trong c 1 tip tuyn chung trong ti A l x = 3 // Oy.
* Xt 2 tip tuyn chung ngoi: (D) : y = ax + b (D) : ax - y + b = 0 ta c:
Trang 11
PP to trong mt phng
Trn S Tng
a + b -1
2
2
=2
=
=a
a
2
2
d ( I1; D) = R1
a +b
4
4
hay
d ( I ; ) = R
D
4
a
+
b
1
+
4
7
2
4
7 2
2
2
b =
b =
=1
2
2
4
4
a +b
Vy, c 3 tip tuyn chung: (D1 ) : x = 3, (D2 ) : y = -
2
4+7 2
2
4-7 2
x+
, (D3 ) y =
x+
4
4
4
4
Cu 22. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hai ng trn (C): ( x - 2)2 + ( y - 3)2 = 2 v
(C): ( x - 1)2 + ( y - 2)2 = 8 . Vit phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca (C) v (C).
3
7
a= ;b=
4
2
=2
3
3
a2 + 1
a = ; b = -1 + b
4a - 4 + b
4
2
=
7
37
a2 + 1
a2 + 1
a = - 24 ; b = 12
d : 3x - 4 y + 14 = 0 hoc d : 3 x - 4 y - 6 = 0 hoc d : 7 x + 24 y - 74 = 0 .
Vy: d : x - 2 = 0 ; d : 3 x - 4 y + 14 = 0 ; d : 3 x - 4 y - 6 = 0 ; d : 7 x + 24 y - 74 = 0 .
d ( I1, d ) = 2
Khi :
d ( I1, d ) = d ( I 2 , d )
-1 + b
d ( I 2 , D) = R2
3a - 4b + c = 3 a2 + b2
-3a + 2b
T (1) v (2) suy ra a = 2b hoc c =
.
2
+ TH1: Vi a = 2b . Chn b = 1 a = 2, c = -2 3 5 D : 2 x + y - 2 3 5 = 0
Trang 12
(1)
(2)
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
a = 0
-3a + 2b
. Thay vo (1) ta c: a - 2b = 2 a2 + b2
4 .
a = - b
2
3
D : y + 2 = 0 hoc D : 4 x - 3y - 9 = 0 .
+ TH2: Vi c =
A. Lp phng trnh ng trn (T) c bn knh R = 2 sao cho (T) tip xc ngoi vi (C) ti
A.
x 2 + y2 = 1
v phng trnh:
x 2 + y 2 2(m + 1) x + 4my 5 = 0 (1). Chng minh rng phng trnh (1) l phng trnh ca
ng trn vi mi m. Gi cc ng trn tng ng l (Cm). Tm m (Cm) tip xc vi (C).
OI = (m + 1)2 + 4m 2 , ta c OI < R
3
Vy (C) v (Cm) ch tip xc trong. R R = OI ( v R > R) m = -1; m = .
5
1
v
Cu 27. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho cc ng trn c phng trnh (C1 ) : ( x - 1)2 + y 2 =
2
(C2 ) : ( x - 2)2 + ( y - 2)2 = 4 . Vit phng trnh ng thng d tip xc vi (C1 ) v ct (C2 )
ti hai im M , N sao cho MN = 2 2 .
1
trung im ca MN d ( I 2 , d ) = I 2 H =
MN
-
= 2
2
1
2 a + c = a2 + b2
d ( I1, d ) =
Ta c:
. Gii h tm c a, b, c.
2
2
2
d ( I , d ) = 2
2a + 2b + c = 2 a + b
2
Vy: d : x + y - 2 = 0; d : x + 7 y - 6 = 0 ; d : x - y - 2 = 0 ; d : 7 x - y - 2 = 0
M thuc trc tung sao cho qua M k c hai tip tuyn ca (C) m gc gia hai tip tuyn
bng 600 .
Trang 13
PP to trong mt phng
Trn S Tng
AMB = 60 0 (1)
Qua M k hai tip tuyn MA v MB
0
AMB = 120 (2)
V MI l phn gic ca
AMB nn:
(1)
AMI = 300 MI =
(2)
AMI = 600 MI =
IA
sin 30
IA
sin 600
MI = 2R m2 + 9 = 4 m = 7
MI =
2 3
4 3
R m2 + 9 =
V nghim Vy c
3
3
+
2
12
=
0
(2)
x
y
y = 3
Kh x gia (1) v (2) ta c: ( -2 y + 10 ) + ( y - 1) = 20 5y - 42 y + 81 = 0
27
y =
5
6 27
Vy c hai im tha mn bi l: M ( 6;3) hoc M ;
5 5
2
= 3 2 m -1 = 6
m = 7
2
Cu hi tng t:
a) (C ) : x 2 + y 2 = 1, d : x - y + m = 0
S: m = 2 .
Trang 14
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
tuyn ca (T) d ( I , d ) = 6
11 + m
m = 19
=6
.
5
m = -41
2
OM
=
5
y = 3 y = 0
x + y = 25
AH =
x0 + 1
x0 - 1
( x0 - 1)2 + ( x 0 + 3)2
IM
knh R1 =
c phng trnh (T ) : x +y =
2
2
4
2
T M k c 2 tip tuyn MT , MT n (C)
IT M =
IT M = 90 0 T , T (T )
1
x +1
x -1
( x - 1)2 + ( x0 + 3)2
( x - 0 )2 + ( y - 0 )2 = 0
(1 - x0 ) x - (3 + x0 ) y - x0 - 3 = 0 (1)
2
2
4
( x - 1)2 + ( y + 2)2 = 4
M(7; 3). Lp phng trnh ng thng (d) i qua M ct (C) ti hai im A, B phn bit sao
cho MA = 3MB.
PM /(C ) = 27 > 0 M nm ngoi (C). (C) c tm I(1;1) v R = 5.
Mt khc:
uuur uuur
PM /(C ) = MA.MB = 3MB2 MB = 3 BH = 3 IH = R 2 - BH 2 = 4 = d[ M ,(d )]
Trang 15
PP to trong mt phng
Trn S Tng
a +b
4
3
a = 0: chn b = 1 d: y 2 = 0 a = - b : chn a = 3, b = 4 d: 3x 4 y + 5 = 0.
4
Cu hi tng t:
a) d i qua O, (C ) : x 2 + y 2 - 2 x + 6 y - 15 = 0 , l = 8 . S: d : 3 x - 4 y = 0 ; d : y = 0 .
b) d i qua Q(5;2) , (C ) : x 2 + y 2 - 4 x - 8y - 5 = 0 , l = 5 2 .
S: d : x - y - 3 = 0 ; d :17 x - 7 y - 71 = 0 .
c) d i qua A(9;6) , (C ) : x 2 + y 2 - 8 x - 2 y = 0 , l = 4 3 .
1
21
S: d : y = 2 x - 12 ; d : y = - x +
2
2
Cu 36. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C) : x 2 + y 2 + 2 x - 8y - 8 = 0 . Vit
3 +1
Vy phng trnh D cn tm l: 3 x + y + 4 10 - 1 = 0 hoc 3 x + y - 4 10 - 1 = 0 .
Cu hi tng t:
a) (C ) : ( x - 3)2 + ( y - 1)2 = 3 , d : 3 x - 4 y + 2012 = 0 , l = 2 5 .
S: D : 3 x - 4 y + 5 = 0 ; D : 3x - 4 y - 15 = 0 .
Cu 37. Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C ) :( x + 4)2 + ( y - 3)2 = 25 v
AI 2 - AH 2 = 52 - 32 = 4
Trang 16
-16 + 9 + m
42 + 32
m = 27
= 4
m = -13
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
Vy PT cc ng thng cn tm l: 4 x + 3y + 27 = 0 v 4 x + 3y - 13 = 0 .
Cu 38. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x 2 + y 2 - 2 x - 2 y - 3 = 0 v im
M(0; 2). Vit phng trnh ng thng d qua M v ct (C) ti hai im A, B sao cho AB c
di ngn nht.
uuur
Du "=" xy ra H M hay d ^ IM. Vy d l ng thng qua M v c VTPT MI = (1; -1)
Phng trnh d: x - y + 2 = 0 .
Cu hi tng t:
S:
M(2; 6). Vit phng trnh ng thng d qua M, ct (C) ti 2 im A, B sao cho DOAB c
din tch ln nht.
Tam gic OAB c din tch ln nht DOAB vung cn ti O. Khi d (O, d ) =
5 2
.
2
-24 - 5 55
A
B =
5 2
-2 A - 6 B 5 2
47
d (O, d ) =
=
47B2 + 48 AB - 17 A2 = 0
2
2
-24 + 5 55
A2 + B 2
A
B =
47
+ Vi B =
-24 - 5 55
A : chn A = 47 B = -24 - 5 55
47
d: 47( x - 2) - ( 24 + 5 55 ) ( y - 6) = 0
+ Vi B =
-24 + 5 55
A : chn A = 47 B = -24 + 5 55
47
d: 47( x - 2) + ( -24 + 5 55 ) ( y - 6) = 0
Cu hi tng t:
a) (C ) : x 2 + y 2 + 4 x - 6 y + 9 = 0 , M(1; -8) .
S: 7 x + y + 1 = 0; 17 x + 7 y + 39 = 0 .
A(3;3) . Lp phng trnh ng thng d qua A v ct (C) ti hai im sao cho khong cch
gia hai im bng di cnh hnh vung ni tip ng trn (C).
(C) c tm I(3; 1), R = 4. Ta c: A(3 ;3) (C).
PT ng thng d c dng: a( x - 3) + b( y - 3) = 0, a2 + b2 0 ax + by - 3a - 3b = 0 .
Gi s d qua A ct (C) ti hai im A, B AB = 4 2 . Gi I l tm hnh vung.
3a - b - 3a - 3b
1
1
Ta c: d ( I , d ) = 2 2 ( = AD = AB)
=2 2
2
2
2
2
a +b
Trang 17
PP to trong mt phng
Trn S Tng
4b = 2 2 a2 + b2 a2 = b2 a = b . Chn b = 1 th a = 1 hoc a = 1.
Vy phng trnh cc ng thng cn tm l: x + y - 6 = 0 hoc x - y = 0 .
Cu 41. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hai ng trn (C1): x 2 + y 2 = 13 v (C2):
(6a - 2a - 3b)2
a2 + b2
(-2a - 3b)2
a2 + b2
= 12
b = 0
b2 + 3ab = 0
.
b = -3a
Vi b = 0: Chn a = 1 Phng trnh d: x - 2 = 0 .
Vi b = 3a: Chn a = 1, b = 3 Phng trnh d: x - 3y + 7 = 0 .
Cu 42. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng thng D: mx + 4 y = 0 , ng trn (C):
m + 4m
m 2 + 16
5m
m2 + 16
; AH = IA2 - IH 2 = 25 -
(5m)2
2
m + 16
20
m 2 + 16
m = 3
SDIAB = 12 d ( I , D). AH = 12 3m2 - 25 m + 48 = 0
16
m =
3
(C ) : x 2 + y 2 = 1 , ng thng
(d ) : x + y + m = 0 . Tm m (C ) ct (d ) ti A v B sao cho din tch tam gic ABO ln nht.
2 x + my + 1 - 2 = 0 v
Trang 18
2 - 2m + 1 - 2 < 3 2 + m2
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
a) Vi d : x + my 2m + 3 = 0 , (C ) : x 2 + y 2 + 4 x + 4 y + 6 = 0 .
8
m=0 m=
15
S:
im M(1; -8) . Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua M, ct (C) ti hai im A, B phn
bit sao cho tam gic ABI c din tch ln nht, vi I l tm ca ng trn (C).
(C) c tm I(-2;3) , bn knh R = 2 .
PT ng thng d qua M(1; -8) c dng: d : ax + by - a + 8b = 0 ( a2 + b2 0 ).
1
SD IAB = IA.IB.sin
AIB = 2sin
AIB .
2
2
Do : SD IAB ln nht
AIB = 90 0 d ( I , d ) = IA
= 2
2
11b - 3a
a = 7b
= 1 15m2 8m = 0 m = 0 hay m =
15
m2 + 1
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi (C ) : x 2 + y 2 - 2 x + 4 y - 4 = 0 , D : 2 x + my + 1 - 2 = 0 .
S: m = -4 .
b) Vi (C ) : x 2 + y 2 - 2 x - 4 y - 5 = 0 , D : x + my - 2 = 0 .
S: m = -2
thng d (cho bit im A c honh dng). Tm ta C thuc ng trn (C) sao cho
Trang 19
PP to trong mt phng
Trn S Tng
y = -1; x = -3
x - 5y - 2 = 0
V
ABC = 900 nn AC l ng knh ng trn, tc im C i xng vi im A qua tm I
ca ng trn. Tm I(1;2), suy ra C(4;4).
Cu 48. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho ng trn ( C ): x 2 + y 2 + 2 x - 4 y - 8 = 0 v
; d (Q, D) =
13
Vy ta im M(3; 5).
22
13
. Nh vy d ( M , D) ln nht M trng vi Q.
x + 3y - 12 = 0
x = 12 - 3y
7+ 3 3-3 3 7- 3 3+3 3
Gii h PT trn ta c: B
;
;
;C
hoc ngc li.
2
2 2
2
Cu 50. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C): ( x - 3)2 + ( y - 4)2 = 35 v im
A(5; 5). Tm trn (C) hai im B, C sao cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti A.
AB = AC
(C) c tm I(3; 4). Ta c:
AI l ng trung trc ca BC. DABC vung cn
IB = IC
ti A nn AI cng l phn gic ca
BAC . Do AB v AC hp vi AI mt gc 450 .
0
Gi d l ng thng
uurqua A v hp vi AI mt gc 45 . Khi B, C l giao im ca d vi
(C) v AB = AC. V IA = (2;1) (1; 1), (1; 1) nn d khng cng phng vi cc trc to
r
VTCP ca d c hai thnh phn u khc 0. Gi u = (1; a) l VTCP ca d. Ta c:
Trang 20
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
a = 3
2 2 + a = 5 1 + a2
1
a = 1 + a 2 22 + 1
5 1 + a2
3
r
x = 5 + t
+ Vi a = 3, th u = (1;3) Phng trnh ng thng d:
.
y = 5 + 3t
uur r
cos ( IA, u ) =
2+a
2+a
9 + 13 7 + 3 13 9 - 13 7 - 3 13
;
;
2
2
2
2
x = 5 + t
1
r 1
3
7 + 3 13 11 - 13 7 - 3 13 11 + 13
Ta tm c cc giao im ca d v (C) l:
;
;
,
2
2
2
2
7 + 3 13 11 - 13 9 + 13 7 + 3 13
;
;
+V AB = AC nn ta c hai cp im cn tm l:
,
2
2
2
7 - 3 13 11 + 13 9 - 13 7 - 3 13
v
;
;
2
2
2
Ta tm c cc giao im ca d v (C) l:
8
3
B(3;0) . Tm to im M thuc (C) sao cho tam gic MAB c din tch bng
AB = 4 +
Ta c:
20
.
3
64 10
= ; AB : 4 x - 3y - 12 = 0 . Gi M(x;y) v h = d ( M , AB) .
9
3
4 x - 3y - 12
1
20
4 x - 3y + 8 = 0
h.AB =
h=4
=4
2
3
5
4 x - 3y - 32 = 0
4 x - 3y + 8 = 0
14 48
+ 2
M (-2; 0); M - ;
2
25 75
x + y = 4
4 x - 3y - 32 = 0
+ 2
(v nghim)
2
x + y = 4
Trang 21
PP to trong mt phng
Trn S Tng
TP 03: CC NG CNIC
x2 y2
Cu 1. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho elip (E):
+
= 1 . A, B l cc im trn (E)
25 16
sao cho: AF1+BF2 = 8 , vi F1, F2 l cc tiu im. Tnh AF2 + BF1 .
Cu 2.
c
3
=
= 5 nn ta c:
e 0,6
( x - 2)2 ( y - 1)2
+
=1
25
16
x2 y2
+
= 1 . Tm to
4
1
cc im A, B thuc (E), bit rng hai im A, B i xng vi nhau qua trc honh v tam
gic ABC l tam gic u.
2 4 3 2 4 3
A ;
, B ;
7
7 7 7
Cu 3.
Cu 4.
cho
F1MF2 = 1200 (F1, F2 l hai tiu im ca (E)).
x 2 y2
+
= 1 . Tm cc im M (E) sao
100 25
3
3
x , MF2 = 10 +
x.
2
2
3
3
3
3 1
(10 3 ) = 10 x + 10 +
x - 2 10 x 10 +
x -
2
2
2
2 2
x = 0 (y= 5). Vy c 2 im tho YCBT: M1(0; 5), M2(0; 5).
2
Cu 5.
Trong mt phng Oxy, cho elip (E) c hai tiu im F1(- 3; 0); F2 ( 3; 0) v i qua im
1
A 3; . Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (E) v vi mi im M trn elip, hy tnh biu
2
thc:
(E):
x2
a2
y2
b2
=1
3
a2
1
4b 2
= 1 , a2 = b2 + 3
x2 y2
+
=1
4
1
2
2
2
P = (a + ex M )2 + (a ex M )2 2( x M
+ yM
) ( a 2 - e2 x M
)= 1
Trang 22
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
Cu 6.
8
3
8 - 3 x0
3
(v -4 x0 4 )
8 - 3 x0
,
2
MF2
3
=
(khng i).
d ( M , D) 2
Cu 7.
x0 - 2 y0 + 3
1+ 4
x0 - 2 y0 + 3
5
1
Din tch DMAB: S = . AB.d ( M ; AB) = x0 - 2 y0 - 3
2
1
1
p dng bt ng thc Bunhiacpxki cho 2 cp s
; - , ( 5 x0 ; 4 y0 ) c:
2
5
2
1 1
1
9
. 5 x0 - .4 y0 + 5x02 + 16 y02 = .80 = 36
2
20
5 4
5
x0 - 2 y0 6 - 6 x0 - 2 y0 6 - 3 x0 - 2 y0 + 3 9 x0 - 2 y0 + 3 9
5x
4y
8
=
x0 =
x
y
5
=
8
1
3
0
max x0 - 2 y0 + 3 = 9 1
0
x
2
y
=
6
2
0
0
5
y0 = - 5
3
x0 - 2 y0 + 3 = 9
8 5
Vy, max SMAB = 9 khi M ; - .
3 3
x 2 y2
+
= 1 v hai im A(3;2), B(3;
9
4
2) . Tm trn (E) im C c honh v tung dng sao cho tam gic ABC c din tch
ln nht.
Cu 8.
x2 y2
+
= 1.
9
4
1
85
85 x y
85 x 2 y 2
170
AB.d (C , AB) =
2 x + 3y = 3.
+
3
2 + = 3
13 9
4
13
2
13 3 2
2 13
x 2 y2
= 1 x = 3 2
+
3 2
9
4
Du "=" xy ra
. Vy C
; 2.
2
2
x = y
y = 2
3 2
S ABC =
Trang 23
PP to trong mt phng
Trn S Tng
x 2 y2
+
= 1 v im M(1;1) . Vit phng
25 9
trnh ng thng i qua M v ct elip ti hai im A, B sao cho M l trung im ca AB .
Nhn xt rng M Ox nn ng thng x = 1 khng ct elip ti hai im tha YCBT.
Xt ng thng D qua M(1; 1) c PT: y = k ( x - 1) + 1 . To cc giao im A, B ca D v
Cu 9.
x 2 y2
( E ) l nghim ca h: 25 + 9 = 1
y = k ( x - 1) + 1
(1)
(2)
50k (k - 1)
25k 2 + 9
50k (k - 1)
9
=2k =- .
2
25
25k + 9
x 2 y2
+
= 1 , M(1;1)
9
4
S: D : 4 x + 9 y - 13 = 0
x2 y2
+
= 1 . Tm im M (E) sao cho
8
2
M c to nguyn.
Trc ht ta c nhn xt: Nu im ( x; y) ( E ) th cc im (- x; y ),( x; - y),(- x; - y) cng
thuc (E). Do ta ch cn xt im M ( x0 ; y0 ) (E ) vi x0 , y0 0; x0 , y0 Z .
y = 0 x = 2 2 (loai)
x02 y02
0
+
= 1 y02 2 0 y0 2 0
M(2;1) .
8
2
y0 = 1 x0 = 2
Vy cc im tho YCBT l: (2;1),(-2;1),(2; -1),(-2; -1) .
Ta c:
x2 y2
+
= 1 . Tm im M (E) sao cho
8
2
x + y = 10
x y
4 10
10
=
+ x + y - 10 . Du "=" xy ra 8 2
M;
5
5
x + y = - 10
Gi s M ( x; y) ( E )
Trang 24
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
x2 y2
+
= 1 v im A(3; 0) . Tm trn
9
3
(E) cc im B, C sao cho B, C i xng qua trc Ox v DABC l tam gic u.
Khng mt tnh tng qut, gi s B( x0 ; y0 ), C ( x0 ; - y0 ) vi y0 > 0 .
x02 y02
+
= 1 x02 + 3y02 = 9 . BC = 2 y0 v ( BC ) : x = x 0 d ( A,( BC )) = 3 - x0
9
3
Do A Ox , B v C i xng qua Ox nn DABC cn t A
Ta c:
3
BC 3 - x0 = 3y0 3y02 = ( x0 - 3)2
2
x = 0
x02 + ( x0 - 3)2 = 9 0
.
x0 = 3
+ Vi x0 = 0 y0 = 3 B(0; 3), C (0; - 3) .
+ Vi x0 = 3 y0 = 0 (loi).
x2 y2
+
= 1 v cc ng thng
9
4
6n
6m
M
;
2
2
9m 2 + 4n2
9m + 4n
+ P, Q l cc giao im ca d2 v (E)
-6n
-6 m
;
, N
2
2
9m 2 + 4n2
9m + 4n
-6m
6n
6m
-6n
P
;
, Q
;
2
2
4m 2 + 9n2 4m 2 + 9n2 4m 2 + 9n2
4m + 9 n
+ Ta c: MN ^ PQ ti trung im O ca mi ng nn MPNQ l hnh thoi.
S = SMPNQ
1
72(m 2 + n2 )
2
2
2
2
= MN .PQ = 2OM .OP = 2 x M + y M . x P + yP =
2
(9m 2 + 4n2 )(4m2 + 9n2 )
p dng BT C-si:
72(m 2 + n2 ) 144
=
. Du "=" xy ra 9m 2 + 4n2 = 4m 2 + 9n2 m = n
13 2
13
(m + n2 )
2
144
Vy: min S =
khi m = n .
13
x2 y2
Cu 14. Trong mt phng vi h trc to Oxy, cho Hypebol (H) c phng trnh:
= 1.
16 9
Trang 25
PP to trong mt phng
Trn S Tng
Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) c tiu im trng vi tiu im ca (H) v ngoi tip
hnh ch nht c s ca (H).
(H) c cc tiu im F1(-5;0); F2 (5; 0) . HCN c s ca (H) c mt nh l M( 4; 3),
Gi s phng trnh chnh tc ca (E) c dng:
x2
a2
y2
b2
= 1 ( vi a > b)
2
2
2 2
b = 15
9a + 16b = a b
(1)
(2)
Vy (E):
x2 y2
+
=1
40 15
x2 y2
= 1.
9
4
Gi s (d) l mt tip tuyn thay i v F l mt trong hai tiu im ca (H), k FM ^(d).
Chng minh rng M lun nm trn mt ng trn c nh, vit phng trnh ng trn
Cu 15. Trong mt phng vi h trc to Oxy , cho hypebol (H) c phng trnh
uuur
uur
hai im M, N (P) sao cho IM = 4 IN .
qua tiu im ca (P) v ct (P) ti hai im phn bit A, B c honh tng ng l x1, x2 .
Chng minh: AB = x1 + x2 + 4 .
4 - 3b = - b
b = 2
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
TP 04: TAM GIC
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho DABC bit: B(2; 1), ng cao qua A c phng
trnh d1: 3x 4 y + 27 = 0 , phn gic trong gc C c phng trnh d2: x + 2 y 5 = 0 . Tm to
im A.
x - 2 y +1
Phng trnh BC:
=
To im C(-1;3)
3
-4
+ Gi B l im i xng ca B qua d2, I l giao im ca BB v d2.
x - 2 y +1
phng trnh BB:
=
2x - y - 5 = 0
1
2
2 x - y - 5 = 0
x = 3
+ To im I l nghim ca h:
I (3;1)
x + 2y - 5 = 0
y = 1
x = 2 x I - xB = 4
B (4;3)
+ V I l trung im BB nn: B '
=
=
2
3
y
y
y
B'
I
B
Cu 1.
A(-5;3)
x
y
3
4
+
27
=
0
y = 3
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c ng cao AH, trung tuyn CM
17
Cu 2.
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh C(4; 3). Bit phng trnh
ng phn gic trong (AD): x + 2 y - 5 = 0 , ng trung tuyn (AM): 4 x + 13y - 10 = 0 .
Tm to nh B.
Ta c A = AD AM A(9; 2). Gi C l im i xng ca C qua AD C AB.
x -9 y +2
=
x + 7y + 5 = 0 .
Ta tm c: C(2; 1). Suy ra phng trnh (AB):
2 - 9 -1 + 2
Vit phng trnh ng thng Cx // AB (Cx): x + 7 y - 25 = 0
Cu 3.
3
, A(2;3),
2
B(3;2). Tm to im C, bit im C nm trn ng thng (d): 3x y 4 = 0 .
Cu 4.
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c din tch bng
x = t
PTTS ca d:
. Gi s C(t; 4 + 3t) d.
y = -4 + 3t
uuur uuur 2
1
1
3
S = AB. AC.sin A =
AB2 .AC 2 - ( AB. AC ) =
2
2
2
C(2; 10) hoc C(1;1).
Trang 27
t = -2
4t 2 + 4t + 1 = 3
t = 1
PP to trong mt phng
Cu 5.
Trn S Tng
Trong mt phng Oxy, cho tam gic ABC bit A(2; 3), B(3; 2), c din tch bng
3
v
2
5 5
2 , trung im M ; - . Phng trnh AB: x - y - 5 = 0 .
2 2
1
3
3
= AB.d (C , AB) = d (C , AB) =
.
2
2
2
Ta c: AB =
S ABC
t - (3t - 8) - 5
t = 1
t = 2
2
2
2
Vi t = 1 G(1; 5) C(2; 10) Vi t = 2 G(2; 2) C(1; 1)
Cu hi tng t:
27
a) Vi A(2;-1) , B(1;- 2) , S ABC =
, G D : x + y - 2 = 0 . S: C(18; -12) hoc C(-9;15)
2
Cu 6.
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c A(2; 3), B(3; 2), din tch tam
gic bng 1,5 v trng tm I nm trn ng thng d: 3x - y - 8 = 0 . Tm to im C.
Cu 7.
V CH ^ AB, IK ^ AB. AB =
Gi s I(a; 3a 8) d.
2SD ABC
1
1
3
=
IK = CH =
.
AB
3
2
2
Phng trnh AB: x - y - 5 = 0 .
2 CH =
a = 2
d ( I , AB) = IK 3 - 2a = 1
I(2; 2) hoc I(1; 5).
a = 1
+ Vi I(2; 2) C(1; 1)
+ Vi I(1; 5) C(2; 10).
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c A(1; 0), B(0;2) , din tch tam
gic bng 2 v trung im I ca AC nm trn ng thng d: y = x . Tm to im C.
Cu 8.
Cu 9.
Trang 28
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
1
5
-99
-8a + 6b + c = -25
5
99
y= 0.
4
4
Cu 10. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c trung im cnh AB l
M(-1;2) , tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic l I(2; -1) . ng cao ca tam gic k t A c
phng trnh 2 x + y + 1 = 0 . Tm to nh C.
uuur
PT ng thng AB qua M v nhn MI = (3; -3) lm VTPT: ( AB) : x - y + 3 = 0 .
4 5
x - y + 3 = 0
To im A l nghim ca h:
A - ; .
3 3
2 x + y + 1 = 0
2 7
M(-1;2) l trung im ca AB nn B - ; .
3 3
2
x
=
+ 2t
r
3
ng thng BC qua B v nhn n = (2;1) lm VTCP nn c PT:
y = 7 + t
3
2
7
Gi s C - + 2t; + t ( BC ) .
3
3
2
2
2
2
t = 0 (loai v C B)
8 10 8 10
Ta c: IB = IC 2t - + t + = + 4
3
3 3 3
t =
5
14 47
Vy: C ; .
15 15
Cu 11. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vi AB = 5 , nh C(-1; -1) ,
2a - 1
uuur 2 uur
xG = 3
Gi I (a; b) l trung im ca AB, G l trng tm DABC CG = CI
3
yG = 2b - 1
3
2a - 1 2b - 1
Do G d nn
+
- 2 = 0 To im I l nghim ca h:
3
3
a + 2b - 3 = 0
a = 5
I(5; -1) .
2a - 1 2b - 1
b = -1
3 + 3 - 2 = 0
A, B ( AB)
x + 2y - 3 = 0
Ta c
To
cc
im
A,
B
l
cc
nghim
ca
h:
5
5
2
2
IA = IB = 2
( x - 5) + ( y + 1) = 4
Trang 29
PP to trong mt phng
Trn S Tng
1
x = 4; y = - 2
1
3
3
1
A 4; - , B 6; - hoc A 6; - , B 4; - .
2
2
2
x = 6; y = - 3
2
Cu 12. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho im G(2;1)
v hai ng thng
y = 3
Gi s B(7 - 2b; b) d1; C (c;8 - 5c) d2 .
x A + x B + xC
xG =
2 b - c = 2
b = 2
3
V G l trng tm ca DABC nn:
.
b - 5c = -8
c = 2
y = y A + yB + yC
G
3
Vy: B(3;2), C (2; -2) .
Cu 13. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c A(2;1) . ng cao BH c
To im B l nghim ca h: 2 + x B 1 + yB
B(-2; -3) .
2 + 2 + 1 = 0
14 7
x - 3y - 7 = 0
To im H l nghim ca h:
H ;- .
3
x
+
y
7
=
0
5 5
BH =
8 10
1
1
8 10
; AC = 2 10 SD ABC = AC .BH = .2 10.
= 16 (vdt).
5
2
2
5
Cu 14. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c A(4; -2) , phng trnh ng
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
Cu 15. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti A(-1; 4) v cc nh B, C thuc ng
11
3
x - y - 4 = 0
x= ;y=
2
2
2
2
To cc im B, C l cc nghim ca h:
7
1
3
x - + y + = 8
x = ; y = - 5
2
2
2
2
11 3 3 5
3 5
11 3
Vy B ; , C ; - hoc B ; - , C ; .
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
Cu 16. Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy, cho hai ng thng d1: x + y + 5 = 0 , d2:
3 - m - 5 + n = 3.0
n = 1
83
17
338
PT ng trn ngoi tip DABC: x 2 + y 2 - x + y =0
27
9
27
Cu 17. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c A(4;6) , phng trnh cc
V A, B, C (C) nn 80 + 8m + 4n + p = 0 n = 6 .
50 - 7m - n + p = 0
p = -72
Suy ra PT ng trn: x 2 + y 2 - 4 x + 6 y - 72 = 0 .
Cu 18. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC, c im A(2; 3), trng tm G(2; 0). Hai
PP to trong mt phng
Trn S Tng
4 7
trng tm G ; . Xc nh to cc nh B v C.
3 3
uuur 2 uur
7 1
Gi I l trung im ca BC. Ta c AG = AI I ;
3
2 2
ng thng BC qua I vung gc vi AH c phng trnh: x - y - 3 = 0
V I l trung im ca BC nn gi s B( x B ; yB ) th C (7 - x B ;1 - yB ) v x B - yB - 3 = 0 .
uuur
uuur
H l trc tm ca tam gic ABC nn CH ^ AB ; CH = (-5 + x B ; yB ), AB = ( xB + 3; yB - 6)
uuur uuur
x - y = 3
x = 1
x = 6
CH . AB = 0 B B
B
B
( xB - 5)( xB + 3) + ( yB - 6) = 0
yB = -2 yB = 3
Vy B (1; -2 ) , C ( 6;3) hoc B ( 6;3) , C (1; -2 )
Cu 20. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vi A(1; 2),
ng cao
CH : x - y + 1 = 0 , phn gic trong BN : 2 x + y + 5 = 0 . Tm to cc nh B, C v tnh din
tch tam gic ABC.
Do AB ^ CH nn phng trnh AB: x + y + 1 = 0 .
2 x + y + 5 = 0
x = -4
+ B = AB BN To im B l nghim ca h:
B(-4;3) .
y = 3
x + y +1 = 0
+ Ly A i xng vi A qua BN th A ' BC .
Phng trnh ng thng (d) qua A v vung gc vi BN l (d): x - 2 y - 5 = 0 .
2 x + y + 5 = 0
. Suy ra: I(1; 3) A '(-3; -4)
Gi I = (d ) BN . Gii h:
x - 2y - 5 = 0
13 9
+ Phng trnh BC: 7 x + y + 25 = 0 . Gii h: BC : 7 x + y + 25 = 0 C - ; - .
4 4
CH : x - y + 1 = 0
2
2
7.1 + 1(-2) + 25
13
9
450
+ BC = -4 + + 3 + =
, d ( A; BC ) =
=3 2.
4
4
4
72 + 12
1
1
450 45
d ( A; BC ).BC = .3 2.
= .
2
2
4
4
Cu 21. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho D ABC , vi nh A(1; 3) phng trnh ng phn
Cu 22. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho tam gic ABC c nh A(3; 4). Phng trnh
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
2
2
2m - c + 3 7 - 2m - 3c
V I (d2 ) nn 3.
- 9 = 0 m = 2 M(2; -1)
2
2
Phng trnh BC: x - y - 3 = 0 .
C = BC d2 C (3; 0) B(1; -2) .
Cu 23. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti A c nh A(6; 6), ng
Cu 24. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh A(2; 4) . ng thng D
5
Ta gi M l trung im ca BC, th M l giao ca ng thng d v BC nn M ;2 .
2
3t - 1
1
7 1 7
Gi s C
; t (BC ) . Ta c SD ABC = d ( A; BC ).BC =
.BC BC = 13
2
2 2 13
2
3t - 6
13
13
t = 3
C (4;3)
2
CM =
B(1;1) .
+ (t - 2) =
t
=
1
2
2
2
C (1;1) (loai)
Vy: B(1;1) , C(4;3) .
Cu 25. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho DABC c ta nh B(3; 5) , phng trnh
x + xB = 2 x M
4a - 5b = 3
a = 2
M l trung im AB: A
A(1; 1).
2 a + b = 5
b = 1
y A + yB = 2 y M
Phng trnh BC: 5 x + 2 y - 25 = 0 ;
C = d2 BC C(5; 0).
PP to trong mt phng
Trn S Tng
d : x + y - 2 = 0 . Xc nh ta cc nh A, B ca tam gic.
2x - 1
uuur 2 uur
xG = 3
CG = CI
3
yG = 2 y - 1
3
G d : x + y - 2 = 0 nn c: xG + yG - 2 = 0
2 x - 1 2y - 1
+
-2= 0
3
3
x + 2y - 3 = 0
Ta im I tha mn h: 2 x - 1 2 y - 1
I (5; -1)
+
2
=
0
3
3
2
AB
5
Gi A( x A ; y A ) IA = ( x A - 5) + ( y A + 1) =
= .
4
2
Hn na A AB : x + 2 y - 3 = 0 suy ra ta im A l nghim ca h:
2
x A + 2yA - 3 = 0
xA = 4
xA = 6
2
2
5
1
3
( x A - 5) + ( y A + 1) = 4
y A = - 2
y A = - 2
1
3
1
3
Vy: A 4, - , B 6; - hoc B 4, - , A 6; - .
2
2
2
2
3
19
3x - y + 2 = 0
A, B d
x = 5; y = 5
2
2
Ta c:
72
3
1
72
AI = BI = 5
x + 5 + y - 5 = 5
x = - 9 ; y = - 17
5
5
3 19 9 17
Vy to 2 nh cn tm l: ; , - ; - .
5 5 5 5
Cu 28. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho im C(2; 5) v ng thng D c phng trnh:
5
3x - 4 y + 4 = 0 . Tm trn D hai im A v B i xng nhau qua I 2; sao cho din tch
2
tam gic ABC bng 15.
3a + 4
16 - 3a
1
Gi A a;
D B 4 - a;
S ABC = AB.d (C , D) = 3 AB AB = 5.
4
2
2
6 - 3a
a = 4
AB = 5 (4 - 2a) +
= 25 a = 0 . Vy hai im cn tm l A(0; 1) v B(4; 4).
2
2
Cu 29. Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi B(1; -2) ng cao
Trang 34
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
BC = 2, AH = d ( A, BC ) =
x0 + y0 + 1
2
x + y + 1 = 2 (2)
1
1 x + y +1
AH .BC = 1 . 0 0
. 2 =1 0 0
2
2
2
x 0 + y0 + 1 = -2 (3)
x = -1
x = -3
T (1) v (2) 0
A(-1;2) . T (1) v (3) 0
A(-3; 0)
y0 = 2
y0 = 0
Cu 30. Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC vung ti A(2;1) , im B nm
G(4; -2) , trung trc ca AB l d : 3 x + 2 y - 4 = 0 . Vit phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip
tam gic ABC.
uuur 3 uuur
13 3
Gi M l trung im ca BC AM = AG M ; - .
2 2
2
r
AB ^ d AB nhn ud = (2; -3) lm VTPT Phng trnh AB : 2 x - 3y - 7 = 0 .
Gi N l trung im ca AB N = AB d N(2; -1) B(5;1) C(8; -4) .
PT ng trn (C) ngoi tip DABC c dng: x 2 + y 2 + 2ax + 2by + c = 0 ( a2 + b2 - c > 0 ).
74
a = 21
2a + 6b - c = 10
23
148
46
8
Khi ta c h: 10a + 2b + c = -26 b = - . Vy: (C ) : x 2 + y 2 x+
y+ =0
7
21
7
3
16a - 8b + c = -80
c = 8
3
Cu 32. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c trng tm G(-2, 0) v phng
Cu 33. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c trc tm H(-1;6) , cc im
PP to trong mt phng
uuur
Gi s C (a;5 - a) CH CN = (1 - a; a - 4)
Trn S Tng
uuur
V M l trung im ca AC nn A(4 - a; a - 1) AH = (a - 5; 7 - a)
V N l trung im ca BC nn B(2 - a; a - 3)
a = 3
uuur uuur
V H l trc tm DABC nn: AH .CN = 0 (a - 5)(1 - a) + (7 - a)(a - 4) = 0
11 .
a =
2
+ Vi a = 3 C (3;2), A(1;2), B(-1;0)
11 1 3 9 7 5
11
+ Vi a =
C ;- , A - ; ,B - ;
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
Cu 34. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c phn gic trong AD v ng
x + 2y - 2 = 0
To nh B l nghim ca h:
B(-2;2) .
x - y + 4 = 0
Gi d l ng thng qua M v song song vi BC d : x + 2 y + 1 = 0 .
Gi N l giao im ca d vi ng cao k t B To ca N l nghim ca h:
x - y + 4 = 0
x + 2 y + 1 = 0 N(-3;1) .
1
Gi I l trung im ca MN I -2; . Gi E l trung im ca BC IE l ng trung
2
trc ca BC IE : 4 x - 2 y + 9 = 0 .
7 17
4 7
x + 2y - 2 = 0
To im E l nghim ca h:
E- ; C- ; .
5 10
5 5
4 x - 2 y + 9 = 0
3
ng thng CA qua C v vung gc vi BN CA : x + y - = 0 .
5
4 x - 2 y + 9 = 0
13 19
To nh A l nghim ca h:
A - ; .
3
10 10
x + y - 5 = 0
Trang 36
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
13 19
4 7
Vy: A - ; , B(-2;2) , C - ; .
10 10
5 5
Cu 36. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh A thuc ng thng d:
2
x = - 3
2 2
x - 4y - 2 = 0
To nh A l nghim ca h :
A - ;-
y = x
3 3
y = - 2
3
8 8
V M l trung im ca AC nn C ;
3 3
V BC i qua C v song song vi d nn BC c phng trnh: y =
x
+2
4
x + y + 3 = 0
x = -4
BH BC = B :
B(-4;1)
x
y = 1
y = 4 + 2
Cu 37. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c ng cao
1
A = AC AD A(4;5) . AB i qua M, A PT cnh AB : 3 x - 4 y + 8 = 0 B -3; -
4
31 33
Gi C (a; b) AC 4a - 3b - 1 = 0 , ta c MC = 2 C(1;1) hoc C
;
.
25 25
Kim tra iu kin B, C khc pha vi AD, ta c c hai im trn u tha mn.
Cu 38. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c im M(1; 1) l trung im
ca cnh BC, hai cnh AB, AC ln lt nm trn hai ng thng d1: x + y - 2 = 0 v d2:
2 x + 6 y + 3 = 0 . Tm to cc nh A, B, C.
15 7
x + y - 2 = 0
To im A l nghim ca h:
A ;- .
4 4
2 x + 6 y + 3 = 0
-3 - 2c
Gi s: B(b;2 - b) d1, C c;
d2. M(1; 1) l trung im ca BC
6
b + c
1
2 = -1
b=
4 B 1 ; 7 , C - 9 ; 1 .
-3 - 2c
4 4
4 4
2 - b + 6
c = - 9
=
1
2
Cu 39. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho D ABC cn c y l BC. nh A c ta l cc
s dng, hai im B v C nm trn trc Ox, phng trnh cnh AB : y = 3 7( x - 1) . Bit chu
Trang 37
PP to trong mt phng
Trn S Tng
Cu 40. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC bit phng trnh cc ng thng
4 x + 3y - 4 = 0
x = -2
Ta ca A nghim ng h phng trnh:
A(-2;4)
x + 2y - 6 = 0
y = 4
4 x + 3y - 4 = 0
x = 1
Ta ca B nghim ng h phng trnh
B (1; 0 )
x
y
1
=
0
y = 0
Phng trnh AC qua im A(2;4) c dng: a( x + 2) + b( y - 4) = 0 ax + by + 2a - 4b = 0
Gi D1 : 4 x + 3y - 4 = 0; D2 : x + 2 y - 6 = 0; D3 : ax + by + 2a - 4b = 0
T gi thit suy ra ( D2 ; D3 ) = ( D1; D2 ) .
Do
cos(
D2 ; D3 ) = cos(
D1; D2 )
1.a + 2.b
4.1 + 2.3
25. 5
5. a2 + b2
a = 0
a + 2b = 2 a2 + b2 a(3a - 4b) = 0
3a - 4b = 0
a = 0 b 0 . Do D3 : y - 4 = 0
3a 4b = 0: Chn a = 4 th b = 3. Suy ra D3 : 4 x + 3y - 4 = 0 (trng vi D1 ).
Do vy, phng trnh ca ng thng AC l y 4 = 0.
y - 4 = 0
x = 5
Ta ca C nghim ng h phng trnh:
C (5; 4)
x - y -1 = 0
y = 4
Cu 41. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC bit A(5; 2). Phng trnh ng
2m - c + 5 11 - 2m - 2c
5 41
5
+3 = 0 m = - I - ; .
nn 2
2
6
6 6
14 37
19 4
Phng trnh BC: 3 x - 3y + 23 = 0 C ; B - ; .
3 3
3 3
Cu 42. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, bit to trc tm, tm ng trn ngoi tip tam
5 5
gic ABC ln lt l H(2;2), I(1;2) v trung im M ; ca cnh BC. Hy tm to cc
2 2
nh A, B, C bit xB > xC ( x B , xC ln lt honh im B v C).
uuur
uur
4
Gi G l trng tm DABC ta c : GH = -2GI G ;2
3
Trang 38
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
uuur
uuur
Mt khc v GA = -2GM nn A(-1;1) . Phng trnh BC: 3 x + y - 10 = 0 . ng trn (C)
ngoi tip D c tm I(1; 2) v bn knh R = 4 + 1 = 5 . Do (C) : ( x - 1)2 + ( y - 2)2 = 5 .
2
2
x = 2
x = 3
Khi to B ;C l nghim h : ( x - 1) + ( y - 2) = 5
y
=
4
y = 1
3 x + y - 10 = 0
9
phng trnh cnh AB l x - 2 y = 0 , im I(4; 2) l trung im ca AB, im M 4; thuc
2
cnh BC. Tm ta cc nh A, B, C bit tung im B ln hn hoc bng 3.
Gi s B(2 yB ; yB ) AB A(8 - 2 yB ; 4 - yB ) . Phng trnh CI: 2 x + y - 10 = 0 .
uur
uuur
Gi C ( xC ;10 - 2 xC ) CI = 5 4 - xC ; AB = 20 yB - 2 .
x y - 4 yB - 2 xC = -6
(1)
1
S ABC = CI . AB = 10 4 yB + 2 xC - xC yB - 8 = 2 C B
(2)
2
xC yB - 4 yB - 2 xC = -10
4 - xC = k ( 2 yB - 4 )
uuur
uuur
V M BC CM = k MB 11
9 2 xC yB - 6 yB - 5 xC + 16 = 0 (3)
+
2
x
=
k
y
C
B
2
2
x y - 4 yB - 2 xC = -6
y = -1 - 2
T (1) v (3): C B
B
(loi, v yB 3 )
2 xC yB - 6 yB - 5 xC + 16 = 0 yB = -1 + 2
x y - 4 yB - 2 xC = -10
y = 3
T (2) v (3): C B
B
(tho)
xC = 2
2 xC yB - 6 yB - 5 xC + 16 = 0
Vy A(2; 1), B(6; 3), C(2; 6).
Cu 44. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, cc nh A, B thuc
3 x - y + 2 = 0 . Tm to cc nh A, B, C
3.
2
2
2
2
3
a = 3+ 3
a (c - a) + 3c = a + 2 c + (c - a) + 3c
c = a = 3 + 3
A(3 + 3;2), C (3 + 3;5 + 3 3)
A(-3 - 3;2), C (-3 - 3; -1 - 3 3)
c = a = -3 - 3
PP to trong mt phng
Trn S Tng
5
5
AC, tc l:
( x - 2 y + 1) - 2 + 1 > 0 x + 3y - 4 = 0
3
(2 x + y - 3) 16 + 1 - 3 > 0
r
x - 2y + 1 = 0
At ^ BC nBC = (3; -1) BC : 3x - y - 7 = 0 ; B = AB BC :
B(3;2) ;
3 x - y - 7 = 0
2 x + y - 3 = 0
C (2; -1) .
C = AC BC :
3x - y - 7 = 0
Cu 46. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti A, bit cc nh A,
cc nh A, B, C, bit BC = 5 2 .
Ch : d1 ^ d2 v DABC vung cn ti A nn A cch u d1, d2 A l giao im ca d v
ng phn gic ca gc to bi d1, duuu
2 A(3; 2).
r
uuur
Gi s B(1; b) d1, C(c; 2) d2. AB = (-4; b - 2), AC = (c - 3; -4) .
uuur uuur
AB. AC = 0
b = 5, c = 0
A(3;2), B(-1;5), C (0; -2)
Ta c: 2
.
b = -1, c = 6
A(3;2), B(-1; -1), C (6; -2)
BC = 50
Cu 47. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho tam gic ABC cn ti nh C bit phng trnh
14 5
ng thng AB l: x + y 2 = 0 , trng tm ca tam gic ABC l G ; v din tch ca
3 3
65
tam gic ABC bng
. Vit phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
2
5 1
Gi H l trung im ca AB CH ^ AB CH: x - y - 3 = 0 H ; - C(9;6) .
2 2
uuur
uuur 13 13
Gi A(a; 2 - a) AB B(5 - a; a - 3) AB = (5 - 2a;2a - 5); CH = - ; -
2
2
65
1
65
a = 0
SV ABC =
AB.CH =
8a2 - 40a = 0
2
2
2
a = 5
Vi a = 0 A(0;2); B(5; -3)
Vi a = 5 A(5; -3), B(0;2)
PT ng trn (C) ngoi tip DABC c dng: x 2 + y 2 + 2ax + 2by + c = 0
a =
4b + c = -4
c =
137
59
66
(C ) : x 2 + y 2 xy+
=0
13
13
13
Trang 40
-137
26
-59
26
66
13
(a2 + b2 - c > 0)
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
Cu 48. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho D ABC c phng trnh cnh AB: x + y 3 = 0 , phng
1
trnh cnh AC: 3 x + y 7 = 0 v trng tm G 2; . Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua
3
trc tm H v hai nh B, C ca tam gic ABC.
A = AB AC A(2;1) . Gi s B(m;3 m), C (n;7 3n) .
1
2 + m + n = 6
m = 1
G 2; l trng tm DABC nn:
B(1; 2), C(3; 2)
3
1 + 3 - m + 7 - 3n = 1 n = 3
uuur uuur
AH ^ BC
H l trc tm DABC uuur uuur H(10;5) .
BH ^ AC
PT ng trn (S) qua B, C, H c dng: x 2 + y 2 + 2ax + 2by + c = 0 (a2 + b2 - c > 0)
2a + 4b + c = -5
a = -6
Do B, C, H (S) 6a - 4b + c = -13
b = -2 . Vy (S): x 2 + y 2 12 x 4 y + 15 = 0 .
20a + 10b + c = -125
c = 15
Cu 49. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho im A(0; 2) v ng thng d: x 2 y + 2 = 0 .
To 2 im B, C l: ( - 2;2 + 2 ) , ( - 2; -2 - 2 ) .
Cu 51. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c trung im ca cnh BC l
PP to trong mt phng
Trn S Tng
Cu 53. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh A ; v phng trnh
Cu 54. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho phng trnh hai cnh ca mt tam gic l
Cu 55. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh A(1; 3) v hai ng trung
Cu 56. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh B(-12;1) , ng phn
1 2
gic trong gc A c phng trnh d : x + 2 y - 5 = 0 . G ; l trng tm tam gic ABC.
3 3
Vit phng trnh ng thng BC.
Gi M l im i xng ca B qua d M (-6;13) ( AC ) .
uuur uuur
Gi s A(5 - 2a; a) d C (8 + 2a;1 - a) . Do MA, MC cng phng a = -2 C(4;3)
Vy: (BC ) : x - 8y + 20 = 0 .
Trang 42
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
Cu 57. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh B(2; -1) , ng cao xut
y - 3 = 0
To nh A l nghim ca h:
A(-5;3) .
3 x - 4 y + 27 = 0
ng thng AB qua A v B ( AB) : 4 x + 7 y - 1 = 0 .
Vy: ( AB) : 4 x + 7y - 1 = 0 , (BC ) : 4 x + 3y + 5 = 0 , ( AC ) : y - 3 = 0 .
Cu 58. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn, cnh y BC c phng trnh
8 1
PT ng thng MN: x + y - 3 = 0 . N = MN d2 N ; .
3 3
2 5
7
NC ^ BC PT ng thng NC: x - y - = 0 .
C = NC d1 C ; - .
3
3 3
AB ^ CM PT ng thng AB: x + 2 y + 2 = 0 .
AC ^ BN PT ng thng AC: 6 x + 3y + 1 = 0
Cu 59. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic c phng trnh hai cnh l
Cu 60. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c phng trnh cnh AB:
x - y - 2 = 0 , phng trnh cnh AC: x + 2 y - 5 = 0 . Bit trng tm ca tam gic G(3; 2).
Vit phng trnh cnh BC.
A = AB AC A(3; 1). Gi B(b; b - 2) AB, C (5 - 2c; c) AC .
3 + b + 5 - 2c = 9
Do G l trng tm ca DABC nn
1 + b - 2 + c = 6
Phng trnh cnh BC: x - 4 y + 7 = 0 .
b = 5
c = 2 B(5; 3), C(1; 2)
Cu 61. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c A(2; 7) v ng thng AB ct
uuur
uuur
trc Oy ti E sao cho AE = 2EB . Bit rng tam gic AEC cn ti A v c trng tm l
13
G 2; . Vit phng trnh cnh BC.
3
Trang 43
PP to trong mt phng
Trn S Tng
uuur 2 uuur
Gi M l trung im ca BC. Ta c AG = AM M(2; 3). ng thng EC qua M v c
3
uuur
uuur
uuur
8
VTPT AG = 0; - nn c PT: y = 3 E(0; 3) C(4; 3). M AE = 2EB nn B(1; 1).
3
Cu 63. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c phng trnh ng phn gic
Cu 64. Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti A, phng trnh cc
3-2
3a - b
1
2
b a= b
2
11
a2 + b2 32 + 12
12 + 22 32 + 12
1
Vi a = b , chn a = 1, b = 2 ta c AC: x + 2 y + 5 = 0 (loi v khi AC//AB)
2
2
Vi a = b , chn a = 2, b = 11 ta c AC: 2 x + 11y + 31 = 0 .
11
Cu hi tng t:
Trang 44
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
a) AB :12 x - y - 23 = 0 , BC : 2 x - 5y + 1 = 0 , M(3;1)
b) AB : 2 x - y + 6 = 0 , BC : x - 3y - 2 = 0 , M(3;2) .
S: AC : 8x + 9 y - 33 = 0 .
S: AC : x + 2 y - 7 = 0 .
Cu 65. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c im A(2; 3), ng phn gic
trong gc A c phng trnh x - y + 1 = 0 , tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC l I(6; 6)
v din tch tam gic ABC gp 3 ln din tch tam gic IBC. Vit phng trnh ng thng
cha cnh BC.
Gi (C) l ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC. (C) c tm I(6;6) v bn knh R = IA = 5
m = -36
Vy c hai ng thng tha YCBT : 3 x + 4 y - 54 = 0 v 3 x + 4 y - 36 = 0
Cu 66. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c trc tm H(-1; 4) , tm ng
trn ngoi tip I(-3; 0) v trung im ca cnh BC l M(0; -3) . Vit phng trnh ng
thng AB, bit im B c honh dng.
uuur
uuur
Gi s N l trung im ca AC. V DABH ~ DMNI v HA // MI nn HA = 2 MI A(-7;10)
2
2
Cu 67. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c A(3; 3), B(2; 1), C(11; 2). Vit
phng trnh ng thng i qua A v chia DABC thnh hai phn c t s din tch bng 2.
3x + 2 y 15 = 0; 2 x + 5y 12 = 0 .
Cu 68. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho 2 ng thng
d1 :2 x + 5y + 3 = 0 ;
D1: 7 x + 3y - 4 = 0 v D2: 3x - 7y - 10 = 0
d3 to vi d1 , d2 mt tam gic vung cn d3 vung gc vi D1 hoc D2..
Trang 45
29
cnh huyn bng
2
58
PP to trong mt phng
Suy ra di ng cao A H =
Trn S Tng
58
= d ( A, d3 )
2
58
( thch hp)
2
87
Vi d3 : 3x - 7 y + 77 = 0 th d ( A; d3 ) =
( loi )
58
Vi d3 : 7 x + 3y + 25 = 0 th d ( A; d3 ) =
im M thuc ng thng (D) : 3x - y - 5 = 0 sao cho hai tam gic MAB, MCD c din
tch bng nhau.
x = t
Phng trnh tham s ca D:
. M D M(t; 3t 5)
y = 3t - 5
7
7
SMAB = SMCD d ( M , AB). AB = d ( M , CD ).CD t = -9 t = M (-9; -32), M ;2
3
3
Cu 70. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti A c phng trnh 2 cnh AB, AC
2a + b
a = -b
a = b
a2 + b2 . 5
a2 + b2 . 5
-2 1
Vi a = - b : chn b = -1, a = 1 BC: x - y + 1 = 0 B(0;1), C ; M khng thuc
3 3
on BC.
Vi a = b : chn a = b = 1 BC : x + y - 3 = 0 B(4; -1), C (-4; 7) M thuc on BC.
uuur uuur uur uur uur uur
BC 2
BC 2
Gi trung im ca BC l I(0;3) .Ta c: DB.DC = (DI + IB).( DI + IC ) = DI 2 4
4
uuur uuur
Du "=" xy ra D I . Vy DB.DC nh nht khi D(0; 3).
Cu 71. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho im A(2;3), B(3;2), tam gic ABC c din tch
3
; trng tm G ca DABC nm trn ng thng (d): 3x y 8 = 0 . Tm bn knh
2
ng trn ni tip D ABC.
bng
a-b-5
2
2SDABC
AB
a+5 b-5
Trng tm G
;
(d) 3a b =4 (3)
3
3
3
65 + 89
5
Cu 72. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c din tch bng 96 . Gi M(2;0) l
Trang 46
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
a-b
a2 + b2 2
= cos a =
3
a = 7b
5
b = 7a
To im B l nghim ca h: 3 x - y - 3 = 0 B(1; 0) .
y = 0
ng thng BC c h s gc k = 3 nn
ABC = 60 0 ng phn gic trong BE ca tam
3
3
3
nn c phng trnh: y =
x.
3
3
3
Tm I (a; b) ca ng trn ni tip DABC thuc BE v d ( I , Ox ) = 2 nn: b = 2 .
gic ABC c h s gc k =
+ Vi b = 2 a = 1 + 2 3 I(1 + 2 3;2) .
+ Vi b = -2 a = 1 - 2 3 I(1 - 2 3; -2) .
ng phn gic trong AF c dng: y = - x + m . V AF i qua I nn:
+ Nu I(1 + 2 3;2) th m = 3 + 2 3 ( AF ) : y = - x + 3 + 2 3 A(3 + 2 3; 0) .
Trang 47
PP to trong mt phng
Trn S Tng
4+4 3 6+2 3
-1 - 4 3 6 + 2 3
Vy c hai im tho YCBT: G
;
;
hoc G
.
3
3
3
3
dng, hai im B, C nm trn trc Ox, phng trnh cnh AB : y = 3 7( x - 1) . Bit chu vi
ca DABC bng 18, tm to cc nh A, B, C.
Trang 48
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
TP 05: T GIC
Cu 1.
1
r
n2 = (1; -2) . Ta c: cos
ADB =
2
uuur
8 10 4 10
xB
8 10
2 xB
Gi B x B ; d2 , x B > 0 . BD = x B + = 4 2 x B =
B
;
2
5
5
Cu 2.
I d I ( x; 4 - x ) . AD = 2 5; IA = 2 x 2 - 4 x + 4 ; ID = 2 x 2 - 8x + 40
IA2 + ID 2 - AD 2
x = 2
= cos
AID
2IA.ID
x = 4
uur
ID uur
+ Vi x = 2 IA = 2, ID = 4 2 ID = - .IB
IB
Trong D AID c:
B ( 2 + 2;2 + 2 ) , C ( 2 + 4 2;2 + 4 2 )
+ Vi x = 4 B ( 4 + 3 2;2 + 2 ) , C ( 4 + 4 2; -2 2 ) .
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C): ( x - 1)2 + ( y + 1)2 = 2 v 2 im
A(0; 4), B(4; 0). Tm ta 2 im C v D sao cho ng trn (C) ni tip trong hnh thang
ABCD c y l AB v CD.
Cu 3.
1+1+ c
= 2 c = 0 PT cnh CD: x - y = 0
2
Nhn thy cc ng thng x = 0, x = 4 khng phi l tip tuyn ca (C).
Gi s phng trnh cnh AD c dng: kx - y - 4 = 0 (k 1) .
Ta c: d ( I , AD ) = R k - 3 = 2(k 2 + 1) k 2 + 6k - 7 = 0 k = -7
-1 -1
1 1
PT cnh AD: 7 x + y + 4 = 0 D ; . PT cnh BC: x + 7 y - 4 = 0 C ; .
2 2
2 2
Cu 4.
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c din tch bng 4. Bit
Trang 49
PP to trong mt phng
Trn S Tng
3 3 3 3
3
5
5
0
(
t
=
C
-1; 0), D(0; -2)
5 8 8 2
Vy C ; , D ; hoc C (-1;0), D(0; -2) .
3 3 3 3
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi S ABCD = 4 , A(2; 0), B(3; 0), I = AC BD , I d : y = x .
3 3 3 3
Cu 5.
Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c hai nh A(0; 1), B(3; 4) nm
a - a2 + 2a - 1 + 1
2
- a2 + 3a
2
- a2 + 3a
2
(do a (0;3))
3 1
3
I ;
2 4
2
7
D 0; - .
1
Do I l trung im ca AC v BD nn ta c C 3; - ;
1
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c tm I ; 0 . ng
2
thng cha cnh AB c phng trnh x 2 y + 2 = 0 , AB = 2AD. Tm to cc nh A, B,
C, D, bit nh A c honh m.
A(2;0), B(2;2), C (3;0), D(1; 2) .
Cu 6.
1
qua im P 4; - , ng thng CD i qua im Q(6;2) . Vit phng trnh cc cnh ca
3
Cu 7.
Trang 50
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
4
D thy ng thng AB khng song song vi trc Oy PT AB c dng: y = k x + + 1 .
3
k
Phng trnh DC: y = k ( x - 6) + 2 , BC: x + ky - 3k = 0 , AD: x + ky - 4 + = 0 .
3
k
4
4 - - 3k
- k - 1 - 6k + 2
3
V AB = 2 BC nn d ( P, BC ) = 2d ( M , DC )
= 3
1 + k2
1 + k2
1
k=
10k - 12 = 6 - 44k
3 .
10
k
12
=
44
k
6
k = - 3
17
1
1
13
1
1
1
35
+ Vi k = th AB : y = x + , DC : y = x , BC : x - y - 1 = 0 , AD : x + y = 0.
3
3
9
3
3
3
9
3
3
13
3
52
+ Vi k = th AB : y = - x + , DC : y = - x +
,
17
17
17
17
17
3
9
3
71
BC : x - y +
= 0 , AD : x - y = 0.
17
17
17
17
Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c cc cnh AB, BC, CD,
DA ln lt i qua cc im M (4;5), N (6;5), P(5;2), Q(2;1) v din tch bng 16. Vit
phng trnh cc cnh ca hnh ch nht ABCD.
Cu 8.
a - 3b
2
a +b
-4b + 4a
2
a +b
= 16
a = -1, b = 1
(a - 3b)(a - b) = 4(a2 + b2 )
.
1
a = - , b = 1
3
Cu 9.
2a + c + 1 a - 2c + 17
I
;
l trung im ca AC, BD.
2
2
PP to trong mt phng
Trn S Tng
Cu 10. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c din tch bng 12, tm I
9
, trung im ca mt cnh l giao
2
im ca (d) v trc Ox. Tm ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht, bit y A > 0 .
thuc ng thng (d ) : x - y - 3 = 0 v c honh x I =
9 3
I ; . Gi M = d Ox l trung im ca cnh AD, suy ra M(3;0). AB = 2 IM = 3 2 .
2 2
S
12
S ABCD = AB. AD = 12 AD = ABCD =
= 2 2.
AB
3 2
AD ^ (d )
M AD , suy ra phng trnh AD: x + y - 3 = 0 .
2
2
2
2
y = 1
y = -1
( x - 3) + y = 2
( x - 3) + y = 2
x A + xC
x I =
x = 2 xI - x A = 9 - 2 = 7
9 3
2
I ; l trung im ca AC, suy ra:
C
2 2
yC = 2 yI - y A = 3 - 1 = 2
y = y A + yC
I
2
Tng t I cng l trung im BD nn ta c: B(5;4).
Vy ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht l A(2;1), B(5; 4), C (7;2), D(4; 1) .
Cu hi tng t:
a) Gi thit nh trn vi tm I = d1 d2 , d1 : x - y - 3 = 0 v d2 : x + y - 6 = 0 , M = d1 Ox
S: . A(2;1), B(5; 4), C (7;2), D(4; 1) .
Cu 11. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c im I (6; 2) l giao im
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
AB : a( x - 2) + b( y - 3) = 0; AD : b( x + 1) - a( y - 2) = 0 .
Ta c AD = 2d ( I ; AB) =
a - 3b
a2 + b2
; AB = 2d ( I ; AD ) =
7b + a
a2 + b2
a = -b
3a2 - ab - 4b2 = 0
4b
a =
a2 + b2
3
4b
r
r
, chn a = 4, b = 3 suy ra nAB = (4;3), nAD = (3; -4)
3
r
PT ng thng CD c VTPT l nAB = (4;3) v i qua im M (3;0) : (CD ) : 4 x + 3y - 12 = 0
r
PT ng thng BC c VTPT l nAD = (3; -4) v i qua im N (6;1) : ( BC ) : 3x - 4 y - 14 = 0
+ Nu a =
Cu 13. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD c cnh bng 5 n v, bit to
BD = 4 2 IB = 2 2 . PT ng trn tm I bn knh IB = 2 2 : x 2 + ( y - 1) = 8
2
2
2
B(2;3), D(-2; -1)
To B, D l nghim ca h : x + ( y - 1) = 8 x = 4
y = x + 1 B(-2; -1), D(2;3)
x - y + 1 = 0
Cu 16. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD bit phng trnh ca mt ng cho
PP to trong mt phng
Trn S Tng
a - 3(7 - 3a) - 9
12 + 32
4
13
im M 2; thuc ng thng AB , im N 3; thuc ng thng CD . Vit
3
3
phng trnh ng cho BD bit nh B c honh nh hn 3.
5
Ta im N i xng vi im N qua I l N 3; N nm trn ng thng AB.
3
ng thng AB i qua M, N c PT: x - 3y + 2 = 0 IH = d (I , AB) =
Do AC = 2 BD nn IA = 2 IB . t IB = a > 0 .
1
IA
1
IB
1
IH
1
a
3-9+2
+
10
1
4a
4
10
5
a= 2
8
t B( x; y ) . Do IB = 2 v B AB nn ta B l nghim ca h:
14
x=
x - 3 2 + y - 3 2 = 2
2
) ( ) 5y - 18y + 16 = 0 5 x = 4 > 3
(
y = 2
x = 3y - 2
y = 8
x - 3y + 2 = 0
5
14 8
Do xB < 3 nn ta chn B ; . Vy, phng trnh ng cho BD l: 7 x - y - 18 = 0 .
5 5
Cu hi tng t:
1
a) I(2;1) , AC = 2 BD , M 0; , N(0;7) , x B > 0 .
S: B(1; -1)
3
Cu 18. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD c ng cho BD nm trn
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
4 5
x + 2y - 2 = 0
Ta nh A l nghim ca h:
A - ;
2 x + y + 1 = 0
3 3
( d ) : x - y + 3 = 0
x + 2y - 2
2x + y + 1
PT cc ng phn gic gc A l:
=
1
.
5
5
( d 2 ) : 3 x + 3 y - 1 = 0
Trng hp (d1 ) : x - y + 3 = 0 .
ng thng (BD) i qua M v vung gc vi (d1) nn (BD ) : x + y - 3 = 0 .
4 13
Gi I = BD (d1) I (0;3) . V C i xng vi A qua I nn C ; .
3 3
Trng hp (d2 ) : 3 x + 3y - 1 = 0 .
ng thng (BD) i qua M v vung gc vi (d2 ) nn ( BD ) : x - y + 1 = 0 .
2 1
Suy ra B = AB BD B(0;1) , D = AD BD D - ; .
3 3
1 2
2 1
Gi I = BD (d2 ) I - ; . V C i xng vi A qua I nn C ; - .
3 3
3 3
4 5
4 13
Vy: A - ; , B(4; -1) , C ; , D(-4;7)
3 3
3 3
4 5
2 1 2 1
hoc A - ; , B(0;1) , C ; - , D - ;
3 3
3 3 3 3
Cu 20. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD ngoi tip ng trn (C) c
= IA = 10 IB = 2 10 .
2
2
2
8
IA
IB
IH
4 IA
Gi s A(2t - 3; t ) d v x A 2 . Ta c IA = 10 (2t - 5)2 + (t + 1)2 = 10 t = 2
Ta c B, D D v IB = ID = 2 10 To ca B, D l cc nghim ca h:
x - 3y - 5 = 0
x = 8; y = 1
B(8;1), D(-4; -3) hoc B(-4; -3), D(8;1) .
2
2
x = -4; y = -3
( x - 2) + ( y + 1) = 40
Vy: A(1;2) , B(8;1), C (3; -4), D(-4; -3) hoc A(1;2) , B(-4; -3), C (3; -4), D(8;1) .
5 5
2 2
B ln lt nm trn cc ng thng d1 : x + y - 3 = 0 v ng thng d2 : x + y - 4 = 0 . Tm
ta cc nh ca hnh vung.
uur
uur
5 1
5 3
Gi s A(a;3 - a) d1; B(b; 4 - b) d2 IA = a - ; - a ; IB = b - ; - b
2 2
2 2
Trang 55
PP to trong mt phng
Trn S Tng
IA = IB
a = 2 a = 1
ABCD vung tm I nn uur uur
b = 1 b = 3
IA.IB = 0
Vi a = 2; b = 1 A(2; 1); B(1; 3), C(3; 4); D(4; 2).
Vi a = 1; b = 3 A(1; 2); B(3; 1), C(4; 3); D(2; 4).
Cu 22. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD ngoi tip ng trn (C):
a +b
Vi a = -3b AB: 3x - y + 7 = 0 . Gi A(t;3t + 7),(t > 0) .
Ta c IA = R 2 t = 0; t = -2 (khng tho mn).
Vi b = -3a AB: x - 3y - 3 = 0 . Gi A(3t + 3; t ), (t > -1) .
t = 1
A(6; 1) C(2; 5).
Ta c IA = R 2
t = -1 (loai)
3 1
2 2
ln lt i qua cc im M(-4; -1) , N(-2; -4) . Tm to cc nh ca hnh vung bit B
c honh m.
Gi M, N l cc im i xng vi M, N qua I M (7;2) , N (5;5) . Ta c: N AB.
Cu 23. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD c tm I ; . Cc ng thng AB, CD
1
Phng trnh AB: 2 x - 3y + 5 = 0 . Gi H l hnh chiu ca I ln AB H ;2
2
2a - 3b = -5
B AB
a = -1
2
Gi B(a; b), a < 0 . Ta c
B(-1;1) .
1
2 13
HA
HI
b
=
=
1
a
b
+
(
2)
=
2
4
d1 : x + y - 1 = 0 v C , D nm trn ng thng d2 : 2 x - y + 3 = 0 . Tm ta cc nh ca
hnh vung bit hnh vung c din tch bng 5.
-7
Gi s A(a;1 - a) d1 . Ta c S ABCD = 5 d ( A, d2 ) = 5 a = 1 hoc a =
.
3
+ Vi a = 1 A(1; 0) Phng trnh cnh AD : x + 2 y - 1 = 0 D(-1;1) .
C d2
Gi s C ( x; y ) . Ta c:
C(0;3) hoc C(-2; -1)
DC = 5
1 3
Vi C(0;3) Trung im I ca AC l I ; B ( 2;2 )
2 2
1 1
Vi C(-2; -1) Trung im I ca AC l I - ; - B ( 0; -2 )
2 2
Trang 56
Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
-7 10
-1 7 -4 1
-7
A ; . Tng t nh trn ta tm c: D ; ,C ; ,
3
3 3
3 3 3 3
-10 4
-1 7
2 13
-4 16
B
;
hoc D ; , C ; , B ; .
3 3
3 3
3 3
3 3
Vy c 4 hnh vung ABCD tha mn yu cu bi ton: A(1; 00, B(2;2), C (0;3), D(-1;1)
+ Vi a =
-7 10 -10 4 -4 1 -1 7
hoc A(1; 0), B(0; -2), C (-2; -1), D(-1;1) hoc A ; , B
; ,C ; , D ;
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
-7 10 -4 16 2 13 -1 7
hoc A ; , B ; , C ; , D ;
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Cu 25. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy , cho im E(1; -1) l tm ca mt hnh vung, mt
2); P(2; 0); Q(1; 2) ln lt thuc cnh AB, BC, CD, AD. Hy lp phng trnh cc cnh ca
hnh vung.
r
Gi s ng thng AB qua M v c VTPT l n = (a; b) (a2 + b2 0)
r
VTPT ca BC l: n1 = (-b; a) .
b = -a
a2 + b2
a2 + b2
b = 2a: AB: x 2y = 0 ; CD: x 2y 2 =0; BC: 2x +y 6= 0; AD: 2x + y 4 =0
b = a: AB: x + y+ 1 =0; BC: x y + 2= 0; AD: x y +3 =0; CD: x + y+ 2 =0
Phng trnh
PP to trong mt phng
Trn S Tng
2 14
BM = CN. Xc nh ta nh C, bit rng AM ct BN ti im I ; .
5 5
Gi
s
B(2 y - 6; y ) d .
Ta
thy
D AMB = DBNC
uur uur
AI ^ BI IA.IB = 0 y = 4 B(2; 4)
Phng trnh BC : 2 x - y = 0 C (c;2c) , AB = 2 5, BC = (c - 2)2 + (2c - 4)2
AB = BC c - 2 = 2 C (0; 0); C (4;8)
V I nm trong hnh vung nn I , C cng pha vi ng thng AB C(0;0) .
Cu 29. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD trn on AC ly im M sao cho
AC = 4AM v N l trung im ca cnh CD. Chng minh rng BMN l tam gic vung cn.
Goi a l di cnh hnh vung ABCD . Chn h ta Oxy sao cho A(0; 0), B(a; 0) ,
uuuur 1 3 uuur 3 -1
1 1
1
C(a;a) v D(0; a) M a; a , N a; a MN = a; a , MB = a; a
4 4
2
4 4
4 4
uuuur uuur
5
T c MN .MB = 0 v MN = MB = a
DBMN vung cn ti M .
8
Cu 30. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho hnh vung c nh A(-4;5) v mt ng cho c
phng trnh D : 7 x - y + 8 = 0 . Vit phng trnh cc cnh ca hnh vung.
V A D nn ng cho BD nm trn D.
PT ng thng d i qua A c dng: a( x + 4) + b( y - 5) = 0 ( a2 + b2 0 )
d hp vi BD mt gc 450
7a - b
2
a = 3, b = -4
.
2
a = 4, b = 3
50 a2 + b2
( AB) : 3 x - 4 y + 31 = 0 , ( AD ) : 4 x + 3y + 1 = 0 .
1 9
Gi I l tm hnh vung I - ; C(3;4)
2 2
(BC ) : 4 x + 3y - 24 = 0 , (CD ) : 3x - 4 y + 7 = 0
Cu 31. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD c nh A(4;5) , ng cho BD c
2.4
t = 3
.
t = -1
2
2
A(3; -7) hoc A(-1;5) . Mt khc, A v C nm v hai pha i vi DM nn ch c A(-1;5)
Gi s A(t;2 - 3t ) d . Ta c: d ( A, DM ) = 2d (C , DM )
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Trn S Tng
PP to trong mt phng
tho mn.
uuur
uuur
Gi D(m; m - 2) DM AD = (m + 1; m - 7) , CD = (m - 3; m + 1) .
uuur uuur
(m + 1)(m - 3) + (m - 7)(m + 1) = 0
DA.DC = 0
ABCD l hnh vung nn
2
2
2
2 m=5
DA = DC
(m + 1) + (m - 7) = (m - 3) + (m + 1)
uuur uuur
D(5;3) ; AB = DC B(-3; -1) .
Vy: A(-1;5) , B(-3; -1) , D(5;3) .
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