MATH3403 | Assignment 2

This assignment is due at 9am August 25 at the lecture. It is worth 3% of the total assessment. Late penalties are listed in the prole. Clear and consise presentation of mathematics (or any work) is an important skill. Of the 30 marks associated with this assignment, 2 marks will be allocated for clarity and consiseness and 1 mark for neatness (in proportion to number of questions completed). 1. Derive new variables to reduce 3y uxx 4xyuxy + x uyy to one of the three standard forms, and carry out the reduction (One choice is = x2 + 3y 2 , = x2 + y 2 .)
2 2
pde/cov005.tex

2. Solve

1 uxx 2 utt = 4 c subject to the initial conditions u(x, 0) = sin(x) and ut (x, 0) = c cos(x). You must obtain a particular solution using the general method (rst rewrite the PDE in terms of the variables = x + ct and = x ct). You may assume uxx c2 utt 4u , and use DAlemberts solution without proof. Find a particular solution of 1 vxx 2 vtt = 4. c By rewriting as 4v = 4 v = + () v = + () + ()

pde/wave016.tex

Ignoring () and () we can take u(x, t) = v(x, t) + w(x, t) = (x + ct)(x ct) + w(x, t) and nd the equation and initial conditions for w. We have wxx and u(x, 0) = sin x = x2 + w(x, 0) w(x, 0) = sin x x2 ut (x, t) = vt (x, t) + wt (x, t) = 2c2 t + wt (x, t) ut (x, 0) = c cos x = 2c2 .0 + wt (x, 0) Now DAlamberts solution for w gives 1 1 1 w(x, t) = f (x + ct) + f (x ct) + 2 2 2c w(x, t) = w(x, t) =
x+ct

1 wtt = 0 c2

wt (x, 0) = c cos(x)

g(s)ds
xct x+ct

1 1 1 1 1 sin(x + ct) (x ct)2 + sin(x + ct) (x + ct)2 + 2 2 2 2 2c

c cos sds
xct

1 1 1 1 1 1 sin(x + ct) (x ct)2 + sin(x + ct) (x + ct)2 + sin(x + ct) sin(x ct) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 w(x, t) = sin(x + ct) (x + c t )

u(x, t) = v(x, t) + w(x, t) = sin(x + ct) (x2 + c2 t2 ) + x2 c2 t2 = sin(x + ct) 2c2 t2

3. The wave equation in 3D is utt = c2 (uxx + uyy + uzz ). In this problem we seek spherically symmetric solutions u(r, t). Where r = x2 + y 2 + z 2 . (a) Use the chain rule to show that equation can be re-written utt = c2 r2 (r2 ur )r . (b) Now show that the function w = ru(r, t) satises wtt = c2 wrr and write down a general solution for w and u. (c) If u(r, 0) = r1 sin r and ut (r, 0) = 0 show u(r, t) = r1 sin r cos ct.

pde/wave015.tex