Salts

Prepared by Alrick Moodie

February 2007

Objectives
define a salt define acid salt recall the preparation of salts describe the experimental methods of preparing salts

Definition
A salt is a substance which is formed when the hydrogen ions in an acid has been replaced by a metal ion . Normal salts all the hydrogen ions have been replaced . Acid salts not all the hydrogen ions have been replaced .

Naming of salts
Name of acid Hydrochloric Nitrous Nitric Salt formed Chloride Nitrite Nitrate ClNO2NO3-

Sulphuric
Phosphoric Carbonic

Sulphate
Phosphate Carbonate

SO42PO42CO32-

Naming of salts
Name of acid Ethanoic Bromic Iodic Salt formed Ethanoate Bromide Iodide CH3COOBrI-

Acid Salts
Acid salts are formed from acids which have a basicity greater than one .
Acid salt Hydrogen sulphate Hydrogen carbonate Hydrogen phosphate From Sulphuric acid Carbonic acid Phosphoric acid HSO4HCO3HPO42-

Types of Salts
Soluble Insoluble

Preparation of Salts
Soluble salts Can be prepared by reacting an acid with Alkali Carbonate Metal The resulting mixture is heated and crystallized

Preparation of Salts
Insoluble Salts Are prepared by double decomposition . They are formed by mixing two soluble substances and the needed salt precipitates out . The mixture is filtered and the residue dried .

e.g. NaSO4

(aq) + BaCl2 (aq) BaSO4 (s) + 2NaCl (aq)

Experimental Procedures
For soluble salts Add acid to substance Add water to dilute the mixture Heat the mixture until small volume is left Heat remaining volume over a water bath and allow crystallization to occur

Experimental Procedures
For insoluble salts Add the two solutions Stir thoroughly Filter and wash the residue Allow the residue to dry