DIFFERENT TYPES OF TONES in RC Acerbic Harsh/ severe; bitter Aggressive Forceful; tending towards unprovoked offensiveness Angry/indignant Apathetic

Emotionless; not interested/ concerned; indifferent; unresponsive Apologetic Expressing remorse, regret, sorrow for having failed, injured, insulted or wronged another Belligerent Aggressively hostile; bellicose Biased Favouring one thing/person/group over another for personal reasons. Caustic Biting; acerbic Commiserating Feeling/ expressing sorrow for; empathizing with; pity Condescending Patronizing; showing/implying patronising descent from dignity/ superiority Contemptuous Expressing contempt/ disdain Cynical displaying a belief that people are always self-seeking and never altruistic in their actions Derisive Unkind and displaying contempt Disparaging Speak slightingly; depreciating; belittling Dogmatic Asserting opinions in an arrogant manner; imperious; dictatorial Emotional Easily affected by feelings actuated by experiencing love, hate, fear and the like Ethical Dealing with principles of morality; honest; righteous Euphemistic Substitution of mild, indirect or vague expression for one thought to be offensive, harsh or blunt Grandiose More complicated/ elaborated than necessary; pompous Humanistic Evincing keen interest in human affairs, nature, welfare, values Humourous Funny and amusing Introspective Consider one's own internal state of feelings Incendiary Causing strong feelings Laudatory Praising; extolling; applauding Motivating Impelling; inciting Obsequious Fawning; showing servile complaisance; flattering; deferent Pedestrian Lacking vitality, imagination, distinction Populist Egalitarian; pertaining to the characteristics of common people/ working class Provocative Inciting; stimulating; irritating; vexing Romantic Fanciful; impractical; unrealistic; extravagant; exaggerated Sarcastic Harsh, bitter derision; taunting; sneering; cutting remarks Satirical Ironical; taunting; human folly held up to scorn/ derision/ ridicule Speculative Theoretical rather than practical; thoughtful; reflective; hypothetical Technical Using terminology or treating subject matter in a manner peculiar to a particular field, as a writer or a book Vitriolic Full of anger and hatred Vituperative Cruel and angry criticism

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1.

accusatory-charging of wrong doing apathetic-indifferent due to lack of energy or concern awe-solemn wonder bitter-exhibiting strong animosity as a result of pain or grief cynical-questions the basic sincerity and goodness of people condescension; condescending-a feeling of superiority callous-unfeeling, insensitive to feelings of others

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

contemplative-studying, thinking, reflecting on an issue critical-finding fault

10. choleric-hot-tempered, easily angered

11. contemptuous-showing or feeling that something is worthless or lacks respect 12. caustic-intense use of sarcasm; stinging, biting 13. conventional-lacking spontaneity, originality, and individuality 14. disdainful-scornful

15. didactic-author attempts to educate or instruct the reader 16. derisive-ridiculing, mocking

17. earnest-intense, a sincere state of mind 18. erudite-learned, polished, scholarly 19. fanciful-using the imagination

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20. forthright-directly frank without hesitation 21. gloomy-darkness, sadness, rejection 22. haughty-proud and vain to the point of arrogance

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23. indignant-marked by anger aroused by injustice 24. intimate-very familiar 25. judgmental-authoritative and often having critical opinions 26. jovial-happy 27. lyrical-expressing a poets inner feelings; emotional; full of images; song-like 28. matter-of-fact--accepting of conditions; not fanciful or emotional 29. mocking-treating with contempt or ridicule 30. morose-gloomy, sullen, surly, despondent 31. malicious-purposely hurtful

32. objective-an unbiased view-able to leave personal judgments aside 33. optimistic-hopeful, cheerful

34. obsequious-polite and obedient in order to gain something 35. patronizing-air of condescension

36. pessimistic-seeing the worst side of things; no hope 37. quizzical-odd, eccentric, amusing

38. ribald-offensive in speech or gesture

39. reverent-treating a subject with honor and respect 40. ridiculing-slightly contemptuous banter; making fun of 41. reflective-illustrating innermost thoughts and emotions 42. sarcastic-sneering, caustic 43. sardonic-scornfully and bitterly sarcastic 44. satiric-ridiculing to show weakness in order to make a point, teach 45. sincere-without deceit or pretense; genuine

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46. solemn-deeply earnest, tending toward sad reflection 47. sanguineous -optimistic, cheerful 48. whimsical-odd, strange, fantastic; fun

sanguineous = optimistic, cheerful maudlin = overemotional, sickly sentimental laudatory = praising pedantic= narrowly, stodgily learned objective =unbiased nostalgic =longing for past critical =finding fault vituperative =verbally abusive facetious =joking, not serious scathing =bitterly severe lugubrious =mournful, sorrowful disdainful =scornful terse = concise, pithy staccato= short, choppy ornate = elaborate rhetoric, florid style mellifluous = smooth, sweet erudite = learned, scholarly esoteric= exclusive, haughtily learned austere =severe, simple, unadroned didatic = instructive bored = drag, drowner, bad news brisk = adroit, quick, agile bristiling = anger, mad, embrage brusque = bluff, abrupt, blunt \ calm = allay, balm, settle, smooth candid =- frank, fair caressing = ceosset, cuddle, dandle caustic = sharp, cutting, bitting

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animated ambivalent apathetic accusatory amused absurd aggressive acerbic angry abstruse assertive aggrieved arrogant awestruck admiring admiring assertive ardent acerbic befuddled benevolent bitter belligerent compliant cautionary condescending callous cynical colloquial comic confused critical compassionate complaining chatty complex cheerful contemptuous caustic cruel celebratory candid conciliatory detached depressed disapproval docile evasive docile derisive dignified disparaging distressed

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disheartened diplomatic defiant dispassionate demeaning excited empathetic egotistical earnest farcical frustrated forceful formal frank fawning flippant faultfinding frivolous fuming ghoulish grim gullible gentle hard hard-hearted hypercritical humble intense incensed imploring indignant intimate impressionable sulking inane irreverent impassioned informative incredulous indifferent impartial ironic jaded joyous laudatory loving malicious mocking modest macabre mourning mean-spirited naive nasty narcissistic nostalgic objective outraged obsequious optimistic outspoken placating pompous pragmatic pretentious prayerful playful pathetic pessimistic pensive patronizing philosophical persuasive reflective resentful reverent resigned regretful righteous reticent reflective restrained sentimental satirical sympathetic skeptical scornful scathing subjective self-pitying sensationalistic submissive scorning subjective solemn sorrowful tragic thoughtful tolerant unassuming unbiased uneasy virtuous vindictive witty world-weary wretched wonder worried whimsical

TONE VOCABULARY: critical arrogant whimsical detached angry pretentious fanciful apathetic threatening condescending wistful indifferent irate patronizing flippant straightforward outraged humorous nostalgic candid indignant bantering sentimental didactic ambiguous silly reflective learned confused mock-heroic regretful scholarly

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perplexed amused remorseful pedantic ironic happy apologetic moralistic tongue-in-cheek ecstatic challenging inspirational sarcastic effusive contentious respectful sardonic contented inflammatory reverent mocking disappointed shocking sympathetic irreverent sad dramatic compassionate disdainful elegiac passionate interested contemptuous melancholic restrained urgent caustic depressing impartial serious biting mournful objective ominous cynical poignant clinical apprehensive skeptical somber factual foreboding wry

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hurt romantic angry sardonic despondent appreciative paranoid aloof plaintive joyful playful pleading languid condescending cynical sincere disgusted facetious haughty soothing melancholy depressed nervous patronizing affectionate scornful ecstatic distant enthusiastic sympathetic emphatic ironic whimsical lackadaisical light-hearted vibrant intense sad passive didactic disinterested earnest uninterested arrogant wistful elegiac

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manipulative persuasive happy contradictory dark disappointed aggravated dejected droll clandestine desperate excited proud superficial apathetic nonchalant encouraging calm contemplative whimsical dramatic learned

informative somber urgent

confident

mock-heroic objective diffident ironic didactic petty

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factual restrained elegiac disdainful lugubrious

pedantic indignant bantering flippant condescending patronizing facetious clinical

mock-serious

inflammatory benevolent burlesque fanciful

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detached cynical incisive allusive effusive

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scornful

colloquial compassionate impartial insipid pretentious vibrtant irreverent sentimental' moralistic complimentary sympathetic taunting

concerned angry

turgid

sardonic

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contentious insolent candid

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