Mike Mai Philosophy Period 6 October 5, 2011 Unit 2 Study Guide A posteriori From Effect to Cause (Aquinas) A priori

i From Cause to Effect Apophatic Knowing God through what he is not or knowing God negatively. Cataphatic Knowing God through positive or affirmative means. Contingency Being dependent on something or dependent on God for existence. Cosmological argument Argument for a First Cause usually leading to the description of an uncaused or unconditioned being. Ens Being Esse Existence Essentia Essence Fideism Faith is independent of Reason Five Ways 1. There is some first cause of change not itself being changed by anything (motion) 2. There is some first cause (cause) 3. There is something which must be and is the cause that other things are (ipsum esse) 4. There is something which causes in all other things their perfection (summum bonum) 5. There is something with understanding by which everything in nature is directed to its goal. (knowledge) Gaunilos objection to St. Anselm uses the Island analogy and refutes Anselm by saying it

doesnt make sense to be able to think of the greatest version of anything to arrive on the conclusion that God can also be thought to exist. Immutability of God Gods inability to change Kalam cosmological argument Argument for a personal First Cause Knowledge of God Natural theology using reason to explain the existence and attributes of God. New Atheism 21st century atheists that actively refute religion and believe it to be a threat. Objections to natural theology Ontological argument a priori proof for the existence of God. Problem of evil If God is all omniscient, omnipotent and omnibenevolent why is there evil? Providence of God

The Real Distinction Relation of philosophy and theology Self-evidency of Gods existence Simplicity of God Summum bonum The greatest good. Thomistic response to New Atheists Via negative Apophatic standpoint Will of God