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1.

What is Dimensional Modeling?

Dimensional Modeling is a kind of database modeling used to support OLAP applications. It contains Dimensional and fact tables and relationships are created between them.

2.

What is E-R Modeling? Entity - Relationship Modeling is a kind of database modeling used to support OLTP applications. It contains tables for entities of an organization and its functions/events. Relationships are created between entity tables and its respective events/functional tables. 3. List differences between OLTP and OLAP? OLTP Used by Operational systems. Example Pharmacy Dispensing, Inpatient Billing, Purchase Order etc. OLAP Used by Analytical Applications. Example: Business Intelligence tools such as Siebel Analytics, Business Objects, Cognos etc. Uses De-normalized DB. Data is duplicated to speed up select query and minimize joins

Uses Highly normalized DB. Less or no redundancy.

Write intensive operations are performed. Mostly read oriented functionalities are performed. Example: INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE statements. Predominantly SELECT statement is used. Data changes more frequently based on Data is loaded statically or in specific time the business activity. period. SQL Queries are performed with more joins to achieve the desired functionality. Less joined SQL Queries used.

Small Datasets (records) are retrieved from Large Volumes of Datasets (records) are DB to satisfy transactional functionality. retrieved from DB to satisfy analytical reporting need. Seldom contains summarized tables. Contains summarized tables based on the nature of reporting need. Precomputed based on the reporting requirement.

Calculations are derived on the fly to achieve the desired functionality.

4.

What degree of normalization is used for OLAP DBs? 3rd Normal Form.

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Enabl;Ing Operating System Authentication In NQSConfig.Ini Siebel Analytics Dimension Tables Bi Server
5. What degree of normalization is used for OLTP DBs? 5th Normal Form or 4th BCNF (Boyce Coded Normal Form).

6.

Explain Activities of Normalization forms starting from 1 to 5? Normal Form Activity Attributes of a table are defined. Repeating attributes are eliminated. e.g: Doctor, Speciality, Patient, Appointment time DoctId, Patients, Apt Time

1st

2nd

Eliminate Redundancy by enforcing. Primary or Composite Primary Keys. e.g: Doctor, Speciality, Patient, Appointment time DoctId, Speciality, PatId, Apt Time Avoids: avoid update and delete anomalies

3rd

Eliminate attributes that are not depend on Key. e.g: DoctId, SpltyId, PatId and Apt Time Specialty Table: Splty Id, Splty Type, Description, etc.

4th Normal Form

Relationships are created between tables. Doctor, Patient, Specialty

5th Normal Form

Isolate Semantically related relationship between tables: Doctor->InPatient -> Splty ->OutPatient-> Splty

7.

What is Star Schema?

Logical Schema that is created based on Dimensional Modeling. Contains set of dimension tables and one or more facts tables and one to

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many relationship between dimension and fact tables are created. 8. What is the Dimension Table? Dimension table contains the descriptive attributes of business subject of an organization. Examples: Market, Product, Stores, Customer, and Person 9. What is the Fact Table? Fact table contains the measures or metrics of business subjects of an organization. Examples: SalesRevenue, ChangeRequests 10. What is constellation or multi star schema?

In a schema that contains set of dimension tables that are shared by more than one fact table is defined as constellation or multi-star schema. Examples: SalesRevenue, ChangeRequests and ServiceRequests 11. What is Snow flake schema? It is extended Star Schema where dimensional tables having one to many relationship between them. Example: Day->Week->Month->Quarter->Year 12. What is Fact less fact table?

A fact table that contains no measures other than dimensional keys. The purpose of the Fact less fact table is to support negative analysis report. Example: Store that did not sell a particular product on particular period. 13. What is Bridge table?

A table in the dimensional model that is used to handle the situation where there is many to many relationship between tables. Example: PatientOrderingFact->LabsDimension->TestsDimension. 14. What is Alias table? Alias table is derived from the physical table to meet specific reporting requirement. Alias table is created in Physical Layer not in the Database. Example:

1. Mostly used for confirmed dimension tables.

2. In a case where there is a requirement to support Last3 year Revenue in a single report. So the Year dimension and Revenue fact tables are aliased as Last3Year and Last3YearRevenue and a complex join is created between year and last3year using Sequence number column and Last3Year to Last3YearRevenue table. 15. What is Opaque view?

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