Important Points Of

Thorax
1. Diaphragmatic Aperture: Spinal Levels: Aortic Hiatus...(12 letters)...T12 Esophagus ....(10 letters)....T10 Vena Cava........(8 letters)....T8 2. In thorax all veins r on right side n arteries on left side,on increase blood flow veins expand enormously while large arteries don't,due to creation of dead space tumors n fluids r likely to project in right side 3. PREVERTBRAL fascia of deep cervical fascia is attached inferiorly to 4th thoracic vertebra so infection to this fascia extend only to superior mediastinum,but pretracheal fascia is also the fascia on neck,blends with arch of aorta,the infection b/w the above 2 fascia can extend in superior as well as posterior mediastinum. 4. Right vagus nerve is crossed by azygous vein left vagus by left phrenic nerve. 5. Reflections in pleura of lungs r to mark the extensions of pleural cavity. 2.no pain sensations in visceral pleura. 6. Blood supply of lungs is bronchial vessels not pulmonary vessels. 7. Hilum: where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and leave the lungs. 8. Root: by which the lung is connected to the heart and the trachea. 5.hilum is not covered by pleura but root is by parietal pleura. 9. Pulmonary ligament provides dead space into which veins expand on increased venous return. 10. Extent of root of lung is t5-t7 11. No anastomosis b/w superficial n deep lymphatic vessels but some can open.

12. During pulmonary segment removal surgeons work along pulm. vein 10. pulmonary vein don't accompany arteries/bronchi so each bronchopulmonary segment is not bronchovascular, 13. Smallest cardiac veins have direct openings in rt.atrium 14. Transverse pericardial sinus separates arteries 4m veins n oblique sinus is due reflection of pulmonary veins. 15. Left n right coronary artery arise 4m right n left aortic sinus,post sinus is non coronary sinus. 16. Crista terminalis separates auricle from right atrium,crista terminalis absent in left atrium 17. Right coronary artery dominates the coronary circulation of heart. 16.damage 2 suprapleural membrane cause pneumothorax. 18. Thorax wall have 3 layers of muscles, Outer layer: serratus post sup.+serratus post inf+levator costae+external intercostal Middle layer: internal intercostal Inner layer:subcostal+intercostal intimi+transversus thoracis 19. Each half of diaphragm have its own sided phrenic nerve supply,on abdominal side this nerve divides into ant+post+lat branch. 20. 4th intercostal space is b/w t4 n t5,not b/w t3 n t4. 21. Simple thoracotomy is done along 5th or 6th rib but thoracoabdominal incision is done along 8th or 9th rib 22. Superficial cardiac plexus lies ant to ligmentum arteriosum n deep plexus lies post to it,left recurrent laryngeal nerve hook around it. 23. Pericardial drainage is done on 45 degree angle. 24. Angle of lois is 140 degree. 25. Esophagus starts from C6 passes 4m diaphragm at T10 n enters stomach at T11. 26. Venous anastomosis around esophagus is on T8 level

27. On level of t5 esophagus returns to midline n thoracic duct comes to right side of it 28. Pleural aspiration is done by choice of any space but generally its 4th space 29. On both sides of lungs apical segment of lower lobe is supplied by bronchus 30. Material aspirated by supine,comatose,anesthetized patient would tend to go sup. segment of right lower lobe 31. Cardiac temponade is heart compression 32. Supine position central tendon of diaphragm is on level of T9 n in sitting or standing upright position its on T9-T10 33. HEMOPTYSIS is 95% due to hemorrhage in bronchial vessels 4.hematogenous metastasis of bronchogenic carcinoma is towards brain,bones,lungs,suprarenal gland 35. Irritation 2 costal n diaphragmatic part of diaphragmatic pleura results pain in thoracic and abdominal wall 36. Irritation 2 mediastinal n central diaphragmatic parts of pleura cause pain to root of neck and over shoulder(C3-C5) 37. Thoracentesis is for getting sample of fluid,remove blood/pus n its done in 9th costal space 38. Insertion of chest tube(tube thoracostomy)is for removal of major amount of blood,fluid,pus,air n its done in 5th /6th costal space 39. On lung collapse actually pulmonary cavity is not decreasing on inspiration but size of lung 40. Chest pain also occur in gallbladder,intestinal,musculoskeletal disorder 41. The most common septal defect is membranous interventicular septal defect 42. The most common stenosis is Aortic stenosis 43. In axilla all lobes of lung can be checked physically 44. Chances of coronary occlusion LAD 50%,RCA 40%,circumflex 20% 45. Great cardiac vein is on ant interventicular groove with LAD,n middle vein is with post

interventicular branch of RCA 46. Anesthetic material is injected around the nerve not in the nerve 14.pleural space normally contains 5-10ml of pleural fluid 47. Collection of pus without air in plural space is emphysema,and collection of serous fluid is pleural effusion 48. Left atrium lies in close relation of esophagus so left sided heart failure can be checked by help of esophagus 49. Azygous vein collects all blood from inf vena cava but not from liver 50. Q.which areas of heart gets ischemic if there is sudden occlusion in artery lying in post interventicular groove? Ans: Artery will be post interventicular artery branch,so it supplies 1/3 of interventicular septum,little of post part of left ventricle,little part of left atrium n if we take complete right coronary artery then additional right atrium ventricle,SA node,AV node will be affected,n if you take left coronary artery then remaining parts will b ans Send "MedCom" (without inverted commas) to 9900 and Receive All First Year Stuff FREE on ur Mobile via SMS Daily... Prepared By: Shaista Malik Admin from FMH @ Med-Com For More Study Stuff.... Join Us @ Facebook : Click Here Pring: Click Here Twitter: Click Here

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