5.3.

3 Phng php ly mu tn s
5.3.3a C s ca phng php ly my tn s
Ph ng php l y m u t n s s d ng php bi n i Fourier r i r c ( DFT). C s c a ph ng
php l y m u t n s l x p x c tnh bin t n s |HN(e
j

)|c a b l c s c n t ng h p theo c
tnh bin t n s H(e
j

) c a b l c s l t ng cng lo i.
Vi c x p x c th c hi n b ng cch l y m u t n s qua DFT, t c l lm cho cc m u c a
|HN(e
j

)|v H(e
j

) b ng nhau t i cc t n s r i r c
k
= k
1
= (k.2/N) :
1 1
) ( ) (

k
j
k
j
e e H H
N

Hay : ) ( ) (
1 1
jk jk
e e H H
N
[5.3-9]
B ng cch nh v y, t i cc i m t n s r i r c
k
= k
1
, sai s x p x gi a |HN(e
j

)| v
|H(e
j

)|b ng 0, cn t i cc t n s gi a kho ng k
1
v (k + 1)
1
th sai s x p x l h u h n. Sai s
x p x s gi m nh n u gi m t n s l y m u c b n
1
= (2/N), i u t ng ng v i t ng di
N c a c tnh xung h(n)N
c a b l c s c t ng h p.
Trong mi n k c a DFT, bi u th c [5.3-9] c d ng :
) ( ) ( k H k H
N

Hay :
) ( ) (
) ( ) (
k j k j
e A e A k k
N

) ( ) ( k k A A
N
) ( ) ( k H k H
N

Trong , |H(k)N| c l y m u t n s t c tnh bin t n s |H(e
j

)| c a b l c s l
t ng cng lo i, t c l :

'

tng. l lc b ca chn i d thuc Khi
tng. l lc b ca thng i d thuc Khi

0
1
) ( ) ( k H k H
N
Hnh 5.21 m t
cch l y m u c tnh
bin t n s |H(e
j

)|c a
b l c d i thng l t ng
c cc t n s c t :

c1
= 3/10 = 0,94

c2
= 8/10 = 2,51
Vi c l y m u t n
s c th c hi n trong
m t chu k 0 < 2 ,
ng v i 0 k 9 v N =
10.
c tnh bin
t n s c l y m u
|H(k)
10
|trn hnh 5.21 c
|H(e
j

)|

|H(k)
10
|
Hnh 5.21 : Ly mu |H(e
j

)| |H(k)
10
|.
d ng i x ng khi k [1 , 9] . Trong d i thng c a b l c l t ng, |H(k)
10
|c su m u gi tr 1 ,
n m m u ngoi d i thng gi tr 0 :
{ } 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 , , , , , , , , , ) (
10

k H
Sau khi xc nh c
N N
k k H A ) ( ) ( , theo [4.4-2] ch ng b n c :
) (
) ( ) (
k j
e A
N N
k k H

[5.3-10]
T cc m u DFT H(k)N c th tm c c tnh t n s HN(e
j

) c a b l c s c n t ng h p theo
cng th c n i suy [tl] :
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

N
N
N
N N
k
j
k
j
e e
N
k
N
k H
N
H

2
) 1 (
1
0
.
sin
sin
) (
1
) (
2
2
[5.3-11]
T [5.3-11] , i v i b l c s s FIR pha tuy n tnh lo i 1 v lo i 2 c :

.
2
1
1
0
1
. .
sin
sin
) (
1
) (
2
2

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

N
N
N
N
N
N N
j
k
j
k
jk
j
e e e A e
N
k
N
k
N
H
216
3 8 2 9 7 1 0 1 4 6 0 5
2 , 5 1 5 , 3 4 6 , 2 8
k
0 , 9 4
1
1
3 , 7 7 0
Trong : k jk
k
j
k
j
jk
k
j
jk
e e e e e e
N N
N
N
N
N
N
) ( . . 1
1

,
_

,
_

Do c c tnh t n s c a b l c FIR pha tuy n tnh lo i 1 v lo i 2 :

.
2
1
1
0
.
sin
) (
) 1 (
) sin(
) (
2
5 , 0

,
_

,
_

N
N
N
N
j
k
k j
e
A
e
N
k
k
N
N
H
[5.3-12]
T ng t , c tnh t n s c a b l c FIR pha tuy n tnh lo i 3 v lo i 4 :
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

.
2
1
2
1
0
.
sin
) (
) 1 (
) sin(
) (
2
5 , 0
N
N
N
N
j
k
k j
e
A
e
N
k
k
N
N
H
[5.3-13]
T [5.3-12] v [5.3-13] c bi u th c xc nh c tnh bin t n s c a c b n lo i b l c s
FIR pha tuy n tnh c n t ng h p :

,
_

1
0
2
5 , 0
sin
) (
) 1 (
) sin(
) (
N
N
N
k
k j
N
k
k
N
N
H
A
e

[5.3-14]
c tnh pha () c a b l c FIR pha tuy n tnh lo i 1 v lo i 2 :

,
_

. ) (
2
1 N
N
; v i .
2
1

,
_

N
[5.3-15]
c tnh pha () c a b l c FIR pha tuy n tnh lo i 3 v lo i 4 :

,
_

. ) (
2
1
2
N
N
; v i
2

v .
2
1

,
_

N
[5.3-16]
Khi c tnh t n s HN(e
j

) c a b l c c n t ng h p th a mn cc ch tiu k thu t cho, th

b c ti p theo c th xc nh c tnh xung h(n)N c a cc b l c s c n t ng h p theo IDFT :
[ ]
N N
k H IDFT n h ) ( ) ( [5.3-19]
Cc b l c s FIR pha tuy n tnh lo i 1 v lo i 2 c c tnh xung h(n)N i x ng khi 0 n
(N - 1) , v (k) c d ng [4.4-12] v [4.4-16] :
k
N
N
k .
) (
) (
1

[5.3-20]
H n n a, b l c s FIR pha tuy n tnh lo i 1 c N l , theo m c 4.4.2 ch ng b n th A(k)N i
x ng trong kho ng 1 k (N - 1) v c tnh xung h(n)N c a b l c s c n t ng h p c xc nh
theo [4.4-13] :

1
]
1

+ +
2
1
1
1
) ( cos . ) ( ) (
) (
) ( 1 2 1
2 0
N
N
N
N
k
k
n A
A
n h
N
k
k
N N

[5.3-21] Cn b l c s FIR
pha tuy n tnh lo i 2 c N ch n, theo m c 4.4.3 ch ng b n th A(k)N ph n i x ng trong kho ng 1
k (N - 1) v c tnh xung h(n)N c a b l c s c n t ng h p c xc nh theo [4.4-17] :

1
]
1

+ +
1
2
1
2
) ( cos . ) ( ) (
) (
) ( 1 2 1
2 0
N
N
N
N
k
k
n A
A
n h
N
k
k
N N

[5.3-22]
Cc b l c s FIR pha tuy n tnh lo i 3 v lo i 4 c c tnh xung h(n)N ph n i x ng khi 0 n
(N - 1), (k) c d ng [4.4-20] v [4.4-24] :
k
N
N
k .
) (
) (
1
2

[5.3-23]
H n n a, b l c s FIR pha tuy n tnh lo i 3 c N l , theo m c 4.4.4 ch ng b n th A(k)N
ph n i x ng trong kho ng 1 k (N - 1) v c tnh xung h(n)N c a b l c c n t ng h p c
xc nh theo [4.4-21] :
217

+
1
]
1

+
2
1
1
) 1 (
3
) ( sin . ) ( ) ( ) ( 1 2 1
2
N
N N
k
k
n A n h
N
k
k
N

[5.3-24] Cn b l c s FIR
pha tuy n tnh lo i 4 c N ch n, theo m c 4.4.5 ch ng b n th A(k)N i x ng trong kho ng 1 k
(N - 1) v c tnh xung h(n)N c a b l c s c n t ng h p c xc nh theo [4.4-25] :

1
]
1

+
,
_

1
2
1
4
) ( sin . ) ( ) (
) (
) ( 1 2 1
2
2
1
N
N
N
N
k
k
n
n A A n h
N
k
k
N
N
N

[5.3-25]
5.3.3b Cc bc tng hp b lc s theo phng php ly mu tn s
Cc b c t ng h p c tnh xung h(n)N c a b l c s FIR pha tuy n tnh theo ph ng php
l y m u t n s nh sau :
B c 1 : Ch n s i m l y m u N [chnh l di c a c tnh xung h(n)N ]. Th c hi n l y m u
c tnh bin t n s |H(e
j

)|c a b l c l t ng cng lo i trong m t chu k 0 < 2 nh n

c c tnh bin t n s r i r c |H(k)N|c a b l c s FIR pha tuy n tnh c n t ng h p.
B c 2 : Xc nh c tnh bin t n s HN(e
j

) c a b l c s FIR pha tuy n tnh c n t ng h p

b ng bi u th c n i suy [5.3-14] .
tm HN(e
j

) theo [5.3-14] , tr c h t c n xc nh A(k)N :

- B l c lo i 1 c A(k)N i x ng trong kho ng 1 k (N - 1).
- B l c lo i 2 c A(k)N ph n i x ng trong kho ng 1 k (N - 1).
- B l c lo i 3 : A(k)N ph n i x ng trong kho ng 1 k (N - 1), A(0)N = 0.
- B l c lo i 4 c A(k)N i x ng trong kho ng 1 k (N - 1), v A(0)
N
= 0 .
B c 3 : Ki m tra c tnh bin t n s |HN(e
j

)|c t cc ch tiu k thu t cho

1
,
2
,
c
,
hay khng ?
N u t t t c cc ch tiu k thu t cho th gi m s i m l y m u N v th c hi n l i cc
b c trn cho n khi ch n c N
min
m b o t t t c cc ch tiu k thu t cho.
N u khng t th t ng s i m l y m u N v th c hi n l i cc b c trn cho n khi ch n
c N
min
|HN(e
j

)|c a b l c c n t ng h p t c t t c cc ch tiu k thu t cho.

B c 4 : Xc nh c tnh xung h(n)N c a b l c s FIR pha tuy n tnh c n t ng h p :
] ) ( [ ) (
N N
k H IDFT n h [5.3-26]
- i v i b l c lo i 1 , tm h(n)N c th tnh IDFT theo [5.3-21].
- i v i b l c lo i 2 , tm h(n)N c th tnh IDFT theo [5.3-22].
- i v i b l c lo i 3 , tm h(n)N c th tnh IDFT theo [5.3-24].
- i v i b l c lo i 4 , tm h(n)N c th tnh IDFT theo [5.3-25].
N u N l n, th c th s d ng cc thu t ton FFT tnh IDFT [5.3-26].

218