OBJETIVE COPULATIVE COPULATIVE COPULATIVE COPULATIVE

CONNECTOR and not only...but also... not only...but...as both...and... no sooner...than... or

MEANING y no solo...sino tambin...

EXAMPLE
guitarand andsang He played the guitarandsang wonderful songs. songs. playsnot onlythe guitarbut alsothe Mary playsnot onlythe guitarbut alsothe violin. violin.

MEANING OF EXAMPLE
El toc la guitarra y cant maravillosas canciones. Mary no solo toca la guitarra sino tambin el violn. Ella no solo es hermosa sino que es muy inteligente tambin. Muchos polticos desean tanto dinero como poder.

isnot onlybeautifulbutvery beautifulbut She isnot onlybeautifulbutvery intelligentas well. intelligentas well. no solo...sino...tambin tanto...como... / ambas Many politicians desirebothmoneyandpower. bothmoneyandpower. desirebothmoneyandpower. cosas

COPULATIVE DISYUNTIVE

apenas...cuando... o

El panadero apenas haba apagado el horno hadno soonerturned The baker hadno soonerturned off the thanthe cuando llegaron los ltimos oventhan oventhanthe last customers arrived. nowor orwe'll We'd better leave right noworwe'll miss our Es mejor que nos vayamos ahora o perderemos el autobs. bus. iseitherincompetentor eitherincompetentortoo That clerk iseitherincompetentortoo lazy Ese oficinista es incompetente o demasiado perezoso para ser eficiente. to be efficient. Jackneitherwrotenortelephoned. neitherwrotenortelephoned. Jack no escribi ni llam por telfono. Jackneitherwrotenortelephoned. wonderedwhether whetherto travelor orto Mary wonderedwhetherto travelorto stay and save the money. up,or elsewe'll We have to hurry up,or elsewe'll miss our bus. up,otherwise otherwiseyou'll You'll have to hurry up,otherwiseyou'll be late. IfI IfI see him, I'll give him the message. knowwhether whetherthey I don't knowwhetherthey will agree on that subject. examunless unlessyou You won't pass the examunlessyou study harder. afternoon,provided providedit We'll go fishing this afternoon,providedit doesn't rain. carproviding providingyou You can borrow my carprovidingyou return today. it today. Mary se preguntaba si viajar o quedarse y ahorrar el dinero. Tenemos que apurarnos o de lo contrario perderemos el autobs. Tendrs que darte prisa, o de otro modo llegars tarde.

DISYUNTIVE DISYUNTIVE

either...or... neither...nor...

o...o... no...ni...

DISYUNTIVE DISYUNTIVE DISYUNTIVE CONDITIONAL CONDITIONAL CONDITIONAL CONDITIONAL CONDITIONAL CONDITIONAL

whether...or... or else... otherwise if whether unless provided providing as long as

si...o... o sino... de otro modo si

Si lo veo, le dar el mensaje. No s si ellos estarn de acuerdo en ese tema. si No pasars el exmen a menos que estudies ms duro. a menos que Iremos a pescar esta tarde, siempre que no llueva. siempre que Puedes tomar prestado mi coche siempre que lo regreses hoy. mientras Te puedes quedar aqu mientras trabajes hereas asyou siempre que, mientras You can stay hereas long asyou work hard. duro.

OBJETIVE CONDITIONAL

CONNECTOR in case although / though / even though even if

MEANING en caso de que

EXAMPLE
numberin caseyou Call this phone numberin caseyou get lost. work,though thoughshe She decided to go to work,thoughshe was not feeling well. Even ifhes right, that doesnt give him the ifhes right to be arrogant. work,even ifhe He will not do that work,even ifhe is paid for it. Despitehis Despitehis bad reputation, the politician won the elections. They decided to finish the project,regardless ofthe project,regardless ofthe cost. number,therefore thereforeI I don't know her phone number,thereforeI can't call her. tongue,hence henceher English is not her mother tongue,henceher mistakes. andthus thus, He overslept andthus, arrived late for the appointment. down,so sohe His car broke down,sohe took it to a garage. They were found guilty andconsequently consequentlysent andconsequentlysent to prison. here,then thenit's If it is not here,thenit's lost. sport;moreover moreover, Soccer is a good sport;moreover, it is very easy to learn.

MEANING OF EXAMPLE
Llama a este nmero de telfono en caso de que te pierdas. Ella decidi ir al trabajo, aunque no se estaba sintiendo bien. Incluso si l tiene razn, eso no le da el derecho de ser arrogante. El no har ese trabajo, ni siquiera si se le paga por ello. A pesar de su mala reputacin, el poltico gan las elecciones. Decidieron terminar el proyecto, sin que importe el costo. No s su nmero de telfono, por lo tanto no puedo llamarla. El ingls no es su lengua materna; de ah sus errores. Se qued dormido, por lo tanto lleg tarde para la cita. Su coche se descompuso, entonces lo llev a un taller mecnico. Se los encontr culpables y por lo tanto fueron enviados a prisin. Si no est aqu, entonces est perdido. El ftbol es un buen deporte; adems es muy fcil aprenderlo.

CONSSECIVE CONSSECIVE CONSSECIVE CONSSECIVE CONSSECIVE CONCLUSIVE CONCLUSIVE CONCLUSIVE CONCLUSIVE CONCLUSIVE CONTINUATIVE CONTINUATIVE

aunque incluso si

not even if ni siquiera si despite / in spite of a pesar de sin importar, sin que regardless of importe therefore hence thus so consequently then moreover por lo tanto de ah por lo tanto entonces por lo tanto, en consecuencia entonces adems

CONTINUATIVE CONTINUATIVE

furthermore besides

adems adems

job;furthermore furthermore, He is perfect for the job;furthermore, he is El es perfecto para el puesto; adems, es el nico postulante the only applicant. house;besides besides, No me gusta esa casa; adems es demasiado don't like that house;besides, it's too cara para m. expensive for me. tobeing In addition tobeing a great person, the physician was an excellent professional. clearly,but butI He spoke clearly,butI didn't understand him. Adems de ser una gran persona, el mdico era un excelente profesional. Habl claramente pero no lo entend

CONTINUATIVE ADVERSATIVE

in addition to but

adems de pero

OBJETIVE ADVERSATIVE

CONNECTOR however nonetheless / nevertheless yet / even so still

MEANING sin embargo

EXAMPLE
much;however howeverhe He doesn't study much;howeverhe gets good grades at school.

MEANING OF EXAMPLE
El no estudia mucho; sin embargo obtiene buenas notas en la escuela.

ADVERSATIVE ADVERSATIVE ADVERSATIVE

sin embargo sin embargo, aun as sin embargo en su lugar, en lugar de ello por el contrario porque porque debido a puesto que puesto que debido a como tan...como no tan..como no tan...como como si como si

experience;nonetheless nonethelessshe She had no experience;nonethelessshe got Ella no tena experiencia; sin embargo consigui el trabajo. the job. He wanted to reply to that El quer a contestar a esa acusacin; sin accusation,yet yethe embargo no lo hizo. accusation,yethe didn't. well;still stillhe No puede hablar muy bien, sin embargo, He can not speak very well;stillhe entiende todo. understands everything. tonight.Instead Instead, I am not going out tonight.Instead, I will stay home and cook something. birds.On contrary, Condors are solitary birds.On the contrary, seagulls live in flocks. comebecause becausethey They want to comebecausethey want to see me. home,for forit We'll have to stay home,forit is raining outside. No saldr esta noche. En cambio, me quedar en casa y cocinar algo. Los cndores son aves solitarias. Por el contrario, las gaviotas viven en bandadas.

ADVERSATIVE ADVERSATIVE CAUSAL CAUSAL CAUSAL CAUSAL CAUSAL CAUSAL COMPARATIVE COMPARATIVE COMPARATIVE COMPARATIVE COMPARATIVE COMPARATIVE

instead on the contrary because for because of since as due to / owing to as as...as not as...as not so...as as if as though

Ellos quieren venir porque quieren verme. Tendremos que quedarnos en casa porque est lloviendo afuera. Ellos se quedaron en casa debido al mal inbecause ofthe They stayed inbecause ofthe bad weather. tiempo. understand,since sincehe He won't understand,sincehe doesn't No entender , puesto que no habla ingls. speak English. exam,as asshe No pudo pasar el examen, puesto que cometi She failed to pass the exam,asshe made many mistakes. muchos errores. highdue tothe El desempleo era alto debido a la crisis The unemployment was highdue tothe econmica. economic crisis. subjectas asI Nadie conoce ese tema como yo. Nobody knows that subjectasI do. isasfastas asfastasmine. Su auto es tan veloz como el mo. His car isasfastasmine. arenot asgoodasyou goodas Ellos no son tan buenos como tu piensas. They arenot asgoodasyou think. wasnot sobeautifulasher beautifulas She wasnot sobeautifulasher mother. meas ifthey They treat meas ifthey didn't know me. moneyas thoughhe Bill started to spend moneyas thoughhe had won the lottery. Ella no era tan bonita como su madre. Me tratan como si no me conocieran Bill comenz gastar dinero como si hubiera ganado la lotera.

OBJETIVE COMPARATIVE FUNTIONAL FUNTIONAL FUNTIONAL FUNTIONAL FUNTIONAL

CONNECTOR than so so that so as to so as not to in order to

MEANING que entonces para que para que, de manera que para no para

EXAMPLE
They started to have more problemsthan thanthey problemsthanthey expected. So, So, tell me what you think about my new dress! presentso thatshe He gave her a presentso thatshe would feel better. tableso tohave We moved the tableso as tohave more space for dancing. napso tobe He took a napso as not tobe too tired for the party. earlyin toarrive timefor They left earlyin order toarrive in time for the movie.

MEANING OF EXAMPLE
Empezaron a tener m s problemas que lo que esperaban. Entonces, dime que piensas acerca de mi nuevo vestido! El le di un regalo para que ella se sintiera mejor. Mudamos la mesa para tener ms espacio para bailar. Tom una siesta para no estar demasiado cansado para la fiesta. Ellos salieron temprano para llegar a tiempo para la pelcula