NAME

LOKESH GHOSAL

ROLL NO
42

SHYAMAL DUTTA
UMESH DAPTARE PROBODH RAGINI ROHIT

46
48 10 10 10

Introduction
Import: The term "import" is derived from the conceptual
meaning as to bring in the goods and services into the port of a country. The buyer of such goods and services is referred to an "importer" who is based in the country of import whereas the overseas based seller is referred to as an "exporter". Thus an import is any good (e.g. a commodity) or service brought in from one country to another country in a legitimate fashion, typically for use in trade. It is a good that is brought in from another country for sale.Import goods or services are provided to domestic consumers by foreign producers. An import in the receiving country is an export to the sending country. Imports, along with exports, form the basis of international trade. Import of goods normally requires involvement of the customs authorities in both the country of import and the country of export and are often subject to import quotas, tariffs and trade

Logistics:
Logistics is the management of the flow of goods, information and other resources, including energy and people, between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet the requirements of consumers (frequently, and originally, military organizations). Logistics involves the integration of information, transportation, inventory, warehousing, materialhandling, and packaging, and occasionally security. Logistics is a channel of the supply chain which adds the value of time and place utility.

Logistics management is that part of the supply chain which plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customer & legal requirements

Types of Import:
1. 2.

1. 2. 3.

There are two basic types of import: Industrial and consumer goods Intermediate goods and services Companies import goods and services to supply to the domestic market at a cheaper price and better quality than competing goods manufactured in the domestic market. Companies import products that are not available in the local market. There are three broad types of importers: Looking for any product around the world to import and sell. Looking for foreign sourcing to get their products at the cheapest price. Using foreign sourcing as part of their global supply chain.

Direct-import refers to a type of business importation involving a major retailer (e.g. WalMart) and an overseas manufacturer. A retailer typically purchases products designed by local companies that can be manufactured overseas. In a direct-import program, the retailer bypasses the local supplier (colloquial middle-man) and buys the final product directly from the manufacturer, possibly saving in added costs. This type of business is fairly recent and follows the trends of the global economy.

Sea Transport

Sea transport systems in today's shipping market have evolved into three separate but closely connected segments: bulk shipping, liner shipping and specialized shipping. Although these segments belong to the same industry, each carries out different tasks and has a very different character. Large homogeneous parcels such as iron ore, coal and grain are carried by the bulk shipping industry, small parcels of general cargo are carried by the liner shipping industry and specialised cargoes shipped in large volumes are transported by the specialized shipping industry. These three cargo streams create demand for bulk transport, liner transport and specialized transport. A major distinction is drawn between the fleets of ships owned by companies moving their own cargo in their own ships and the ships owned by independent shipowners and chartered to the cargo owners.

Bulk shipping
The bulk shipping industry carries large parcels of raw materials and bulky semi-manufactures. This is a very distinctive business. Bulk vessels handle few transactions, typically completing about six voyages with a single cargo each year, so the average revenue depends on a dozen of negotiations per ship each year. In addition, service levels are usually low so little overhead is required to run the ships and organize the cargo.

Liner shipping
Container ship: The liner service transports small parcels of general cargo, which includes manufactured and semimanufactured goods and many small quantities of bulk commodities. Because there are so many parcels to handle on each voyage, this is a organization-intensive business. In addition, the transport leg forms part of an integrated production operation, so speed, reliability and high service levels are important. With so many transactions the business relies on published prices, though nowadays the prices are negotiated with major customers as part of service agreement.

Specialized shipping
Merchant vessel: Specialized shipping services transport difficult cargoes of which the five most important are cars, forest product, refrigerated cargo, chemicals and liquified gas. These trades fall somewhere between bulk and liner. Service provides in these trades invest in specialized ships and offer higher service levels than bulk shipping.

Port condition in India:India has around 6,000 km of natural peninsular coastline with 12 major ports and about 180 minor and intermediate ports. Till early 1990s, though ports were acknowledged as an integral part of the country's overall infrastructure, not much emphasis was placed on either modernising the existing ports or developing new ones, by both the Central and state governments. However, with the Liberalisation of 1991 and the phenomenal increase in India's foreign trade, seaport development became inevitable. Today, ports have grown in stature from mere points of loading and unloading of cargo to indispensable links in the overall infrastructure development. Realising the urgency of developing modern ports, the government allowed private participation in port development in 1996. With this, the demand for quality information on this sector increased. In India, there is no dearth of information on ports (or for that matter, on all major sectors); it always lies "ensconced" in bulky government files, often unavailable to prospective investors, industry observers and analysts. In such circumstances, the effort of the Navi Mumbai-based i-Maritime Consultancy is indeed laudable. India Port Report is a sincere and earnest attempt to encapsulate the rapid developments in Indian ports during the last decade of reforms, in a comprehensive and lucid manner. In addition to the well-researched chapters on port privatization and Indian Ports, the report has a generous sprinkling of hundreds of statistical tables and box items containing incisive and rare information. The agency claims that over the period the difference between the major and minor ports has gradually diminished in terms of cargo handling capacity and port infrastructure. It also prophesizes that since no two ports are same or serve a similar purpose forming a general policy to govern or privatize them would be a fallacy.

Cont-The report rightly points out: "The roadmap to port reforms in the country is littered with many a complex and befuddling issues that not only defy simplistic solutions but also call for bold imagination and innovative solutions that are not easy to come by." This is amply proved by the fact that even after seven years of port liberalisation, many efforts made by state governments to develop new ports through private participation have evoked nothing more than a lukewarm response from both Indian and foreign investors. Acknowledging this fact, the report goes on to state: "While regulatory reforms have enabled considerable scope for reworking the institutional arrangements in the port sector, aggressive second-generation regulatory reforms, backed by necessary legal and fiscal changes, are the requirements of the day for developing this sector and making our ports internationally competitive."

JNPT Port India :-JNPT Port is also known as Jawaharlal Nehru Port trust. The seaport which is named after the Indias first Prime Minister, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, is the largest export import trading port in India. The JNPT port also known as Nhava Sheva, is handling close to 50% of the Indias port traffic.

Import products at JNPT Port IndiaThe major imported products at JNPT seaport are Chemicals Machinery Plastics Vegetable oils Electrical equipments Aluminum

Non-ferrous metals etc.

It has access to neighboring Mumbai and to the surroundings of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka and most of North India. The seaport was built to mitigate pressure of the port of Mumbai in (Bombay) proper and has three terminals: JNPCT NSICT GTI (Gateway Terminal of India) NSICT is Indias first privately run container terminal. It is operated by Dubai Ports World. Currently it is handling under a Build-OperateTransfer agreement set up with the Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT) of the Government of India.

The JNPT port is dedicated to meeting the requirements and expectations of its clients through: Equipping itself with state-of-the-art technology, equipment and wellorganized, proficient and computer integrated terminal operation systems. Compliance to global standards and offering services at economic rates. Ensuring safety and security of life, equipment and cargo. Perceiving the guidelines of sustainable growth. Courteousness to patrons Continuously improving the proficiency, responsiveness, skills and enthusiasm of the Port personnel to bring about unremitting development in the physical effectiveness parameters

Sethusamudram Ship Canal Project

US$450m project to promote inter-coastal shipping

From Chennai Chennai

To Tuticorin Mumbai

Around Lanka 753 NM 1496 NM

Via Canal 322 NM 1120 NM

Less by 431 NM 349 NM