30-8-2011

NpmrsufESm 6 rS pmrsuf wpf0dkuf&Sd ig;vkyfief; a&jyiftm; ig;? ykpGef rsKd;yGm;onfh&moDcsdefwGif ig;rzrf;&e,fajrtjzpf ESppOfowfrwf f S xkwfjyefygaMumif;? ig;rzrf;&e,fajr rsm;wG i f 0if a &muf z rf ; qD ; aeaom ig;zrf;avSrsm;udk azmfxkwfwdkifMum; Muyg&efESifh Oya'pnf;rsOf;ESifhtnD ta&;,loGm;rSmjzpfygaMumif;/ 0efBuD;Xmetaejzifh ig;? ykpGef o,H Z mw rsKd ; rjyKef ; wD ; apa&;ES i f h a&&SnfpOfqufrjywf zrf;qD;xkwf vkyfEdkifa&;twGuf ig;zrf;qD;&mwGif w&GwfqGJig;zrf;ydkufuGuf (Cod End Mesh Size) tm; ESpfvufrt&G,f owfrSwfxm;NyD; ig;jrLud&d,m AdkYtm; jrifh vQyfppfrD; toHk;jyK jrLqG,f zrf;qD;jcif; rjyK&ef ig;vkyfief;OD;pD; XmerS (30-4-2010) &ufpGJyg trdefY aMumfjimpmtrSwf (13^2010)jzifh xkwfjyefxm;&SdNyD; jzpfygaMumif;/ owfrSwfydkufuGuf t&G,ftpm; rsm;jzifhom zrf;qD;&mwGif toHk;jyKedkif &ef ig;zrf;avS rxGucmrD oufqi&m f G kd f ppfaq;a&;pcef;rsm;wGif ydkufuGuf t&G , f t pm;rsm;tm; Xme0ef x rf ; rsm;u ppfaq;wdkif;wmBuD;Muyf aqmif&Gufvsuf&SdygaMumif;/ ta&;,l&ef 0efBu;D Xmetaejzifh ig;rsK;d jyKe;f wD;Ny;D om;ig;&Sm;yg;vmonfhtjzpfrsKd; rBuHK awGUap&ef ynm&Sif? vkyfief;&Sifrsm; pHknDpGm yg0ifonfh jrefrmhyifv,fig; vkyief; a&jyif\ ig;? ykpef o,HZmw f G a&&Snfwnf&SdrIESifh xkwf,loHk;pGJrI qdkif&m pmwrf;zwfyGJudk 2011 ckESpf Zlvdkifv 1 &ufESifh 4 &ufwdkYwGif usif;yEdkifcJhNyD; aqG;aEG;yGJ&v'frsm; tjzpf ig;o,HZmw xdcdkufaponfh ig;zrf;ud&d,mrsm;udk cGifhrjyK&efESifh owfrSwf pnf;urf;csufrsm;udk vduem&ef ysuuuonfh pnf;urf; k f f G f ysuf ig;zrf ; avS r sm;ud k v nf ; xda&mufpGm ta&;,l&ef qHk;jzwfcsuf (37)csufcsrSwfcJhNyD; jzpfygaMumif;? tqdkyg aqG;aEG;qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifh
Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center \ a'owGif;

aMu;rHkowif;pm pmrsufESm 7
tzGJUOya'? 1988ckESpf w&m;pD&ifa&; Oya'ESihf 2000jynfEpf w&m;pD&ifa&; h S Oya'wdkYwGif owfrSwfxm;onfh w&m;olBuD;rsm;onf jypf'PfuscH ae&olrsm;? tcsKyfcHae&olrsm;ESifh ywf o uf Oya'ES i f h t nD &oif h &xdkufaom tcGifhta&;rsm; cHpm;Edkifa&;ESifh trIppfaq;&mwGif MuefYMumrIr&Sdapa&;twGuf tusOf; pcef;rsm;? &Jbufpcef;rsm;? &JwyfzGJU tcsKyfpcef;rsm;tm; ppfaq;MunfhI Edkifonf[k jy|mef;xm;ygaMumif;? xdkYtwl 2010 jynfhESpf jynfaxmifpk w&m;pD&ifa&; Oya'vnf; txuf ygtwdkif; jy|mef;xm;ygaMumif;? odkYyg jynfaxmifpkw&m;pD&ifa&; Oya'ESifhtnD aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdyg aMumif;jzifh &Sif;vif;ajzMum;onf/ &cdijf ynfe,f rJqEe,ftrSw(7)rS k f OD;Zm,m'fa&mfrH (c) OD;aX;0if;u ]]&cdkifjynfe,f armifawmcdkif&Sd jynf a xmif p k z G m ; a'ocH jref r m rlqvifrqE&irsm;onf vGwvyfpm J S f f G c&D;oGm;vmEdkifjcif; r&SdMuyg aMumif;? &cdkifjynfe,ftwGif;wGif aomf v nf ; aumif ; ? &cd k i f j ynf e ,f jyif y tjcm;wd k i f ; a'oBuD ; ES i f h jynfe,frsm;odkYvnf;aumif;? pD;yGm; a&;? ynma&;? usef;rma&;? vlrIa&; udpwpfckcktwGuf c&D;oGm;vdkvQif (e-p-u)\ a'oE&trdefYt& (v0-u)rS yHkpH (4),lNyD; tuefYtowf jzifhom oGm;&ojzifh vlrIpD;yGm;a&; b0wG i f vG e f p G m tcuf t cJ r sm;ES i f h &ifqdkifae&ygaMumif;? ,if;tcuf tcJudk ajyvnfatmif EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&rS rnfuJhodkY ulnDaqmif&Guf ay;Edkifrnfudk odvdkygaMumif;}} ESifh pyfvsOf; ar;jref;&m vl0ifrIBuD; Muyfa&;ESihf jynfotiftm;0efBu;D Xme Yl jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; OD;cif&Du jrefrm rlqvif[k oHk;EIef;oGm;olrsm;onf &ckijf ynfe,farmifawma'otwGi;f rSm d aexdkifMuonfh b*FgvDvlrsKd;rsm;udk &nf T e f ; ajymqd k j cif ; [k ,l q yg aMumif;? &cdkifjynfe,f armifawm a'oonf wpfzufEdkifiHESifh (152)rdkif cefY e,fedrdwfxdpyfrI &SdaeouJhodkY armifawmcdkiftwGif; aexdkifMu onfh b*FgvDvlrsKd;rsm;onf wpfzuf EdkifiHwGif aexdkifonfh b*FgvDvlrsKd; rsm;ESifh udk;uG,f,HkMunfrI"avhxHk;pH? ,Ofaus;rI? kyf&nfoGifjyif? bmom pum;rSpNyD; wlnDaeMuojzifh a&S; tpOftquf umvrsm;uyif ESpEiiH f kd f tMum; tjyeftvSef ul;vl;? oGm;vm qufqH aygif;oif;rIrsm; &SdcJhMuyg aMumif;? xdktcsufrsm;tay: tajccH um wpfzufEdkifiHwGif&Sdonfh b*FgvD vlrsKd;rsm;onf a&ajr o,HZmw ydkrdkaumif;rGef<u,f0onfh rdrdwdkYEdkifiH twGif;odkY w&m;r0if xdk;azmuf 0ifa&mufrIrsm; &SdvmcJh&mrS rdrdEdkifiH twGif;&Sd b*FgvDvlrsKd;pkrsm;ESifh tjyef tvSef tdraxmifjyKjcif;rsm; &SvmcJNh y;D f d rdrdEdkifiHtwGif;rSm vlOD;a& a&maxG; aexdkifrIrsm; &SdvmcJhygaMumif;/ ckd;0ifae umv&SnMf um jrefrmEdiitwGi;f odYk k f H wpfzufEdkifiHrS w&m;r0if 0ifa&muf aexdkifolrsm; trsm;tjym; &Sdvm onfhtwGuf 1978 ckESpftwGif;wGif e,fajra'ovHkNcHKa&;ESifh trsKd;om; a&; vdktyfcsuft& e*g;rif; ppfqif a&;? [oFmpDrHcsufwdkYjzifh pdppf aqmif&GufNyD; vlOD;a&(180000) ausmfudk jyefvnfvufcHjcif; jyKcJhyg aMumif;? 1992 ckESpf pufwifbm 22 &ufrSp ESpfEdkifiHoabmwl nDcsufjzifhvnf; jyefvnfvufcHa&; vkyief;rsm; aqmif&uay;cJ&m 2005 f G f h ckEpf Zlvivtxd vlO;D a& (230000) S kd f ausmf vufcHaqmif&Gufay;cJhNyD; jzpfygaMumif;? xdaemufyi;f ,aeYwif k kd kd vufcpcef; zGixm;aomfvnf; w&m; H hf 0if jyefvnf 0ifa&mufvmolr&Sd awmhbJ w&m;r0if cdk;0ifrIrsm;rSmrl ,aeYwdkif &SdaeqJjzpfygaMumif;? xdkodkY w&m;r0if xdk;azmuf0ifa&mufae xdkifrIrsm;onf qufpyfaeonfh e,fpyfa'oomru EdkifiHtwGif;ydkif; ae&mrsm;odkYyg a&muf&SdysHHUESHYaerIrsm; &SdvmcJhygaMumif;/ od k Y j zpf y g ,if ; jzpf p Of r sm;t& EdkifiHawmfvHkNcHKa&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&; wm0eft& vwfwavm cGJjcm;&ef cufcJonfhtwGuf c&D;oGm;vmcGifh yHkpH(4)udk toHk;jyK c&D;oGm;vmap onfenf;jzifh pdppfaqmif&uae&jcif; h G f jzpfygaMumif;/ ppfaq;cGifhjyK c&D;oGm;vmcGifhyHkpH(4)udk toHk;jyK jcif;onf c&D;oGm;vmcGifhydwfyifjcif; r[kwfbJ pepfwus ppfaq;cGifhjyK onfhpepfudk usifhoHk;jcif;om jzpfyg aMumif ; ? Nrd K Ue,f t wG i f ; qd k v Qif wpf&mESiwpf&momru ae&mwdi;f udk G hf G k cGijhf yKcsurvdbJ oGm;vd&mudk vGwvyf f k k f pGm oGm;vmEdici&ygaMumif;? jynfe,f k f G hf dS twG i f ; Nrd K Ue,f a usmf o G m ;vmrnf qdkygu NrdKUe,fOD;pD;rSL;? cdkifOD;pD;rSL;? jynfe,fOD;pD;XmerSL;rsm;xH cGifhjyKcsuf &,l avQmuf x m;oG m ;vmEd k i f N yD ; jynfe,fausmf oGm;vmrnfqdkygu jynfe,frSL;\ axmufcHrIjzifh a'o tmPmyditzGUJ odYk wifjycGijhf yKcsujf zifh k f cGifhjyKay;vsuf&SdaeygaMumif;? vuf&Sd tajctaetxd owfrSwfcsufESifh jynfhpHkonfh c&D;oGm;vmcGifhtm;vHk;udk cGifhjyKay;vsuf&SdygaMumif;? ynm oifMum;cGifh? usef;rma&;? vlrIa&; ponfjzifh vdtyfcsutay: rlwnfNy;D k f xyfwdk;cGifhjyKjcif;rsm;vnf; jyKvkyf ay;vsuf&SdygaMumif;? 2011 ckESpf Zefe0g&D 1 &ufrS 2011 ckESpf Mo*kwf 28 &uftxd &efueNf rKd UodYk oGm;vmcGihf k jyKay;cJhol 360 ausmf&SdaeygaMumif;? vd k t yf c suf t & xyf w d k ; aexd k i f r I rsm;vnf; ta&twGufrsm;pGm cGifhjyK ay;cJhygaMumif;? ynmoifMum;a&; tydkif;wGifvnf; 2011 ckESpf Zlvdkif 1 &ufrS 2011 ckESpf Mo*kwf 28 &uf txd wuodkvftoD;oD;wGif ynm oifMum;&ef xyfwdk;cGifhjyKcsufrsm; tygt0if ynmoifESpfrsm; wpfavQmuf aexdkifcGifhrsm;jyKcJh&m avmavmq,fwGif 23 OD; &Sdaeyg aMumif;/ w&m;r0if 2005 ckESpfrS 2011 ckESpftwGif; jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;odkY w&m;r0if 0if a&mufol wpfzufEiiom; 258 OD;udk kd f H ae&mtESHYwGif pdppfazmfxkwfzrf;qD; ta&;,lEdkifcJhNyD; zrf;rdaomfvnf; ta&;,lrIr&SdbJ vm&mvrf;twdkif; jyef v nf a pvT w f a y;cJ h o nf h w&m; r0ifc;kd 0ifvmolta&twGurmvnf; f S &m*Pef;txdyif &SdaecJhonfhtwGuf pepfwus pdppf ppfaq;cGifhjyK&ef trSefwu,f vdktyfaeqJjzpfonfudk azmfTef;jyoaeygaMumif;/ odjYk zpfyg vuf&SdtajctaewGif &cdijf ynfe,f armifawma'otwGi;f k wpfzufEdkifiHae b*FgvDvlrsKd;rsm;\ w&m;r0if 0ifa&mufa&maxG; aexdkifrIrsm;aMumifh vwfwavm cGJjcm;&ef cufcJonfh tajctaersm; wGif EdkifiHawmfvHkNcHKa&;ESifh trsKd;om; a&;vdktyfcsuft& c&D;oGm;vmcGifh yHkpH(4)jzifh pepfwus pdppf cGifhjyK&jcif; om jzpfygaMumif;jzifh ajzMum;onf/ pdppftMuHjyKcsuf if;aemuf trsKd;om;vTwfawmf Oya'Murf;aumfrwDOu| OD;jrndr;f u ]]jynfaxmifpk a&G;aumufyGJ aumfr&SifOya'udk jyifqifonfh Oya'Murf ; tay: trsKd ; om; vT w f a wmf Oya'Murf ; aumf r wD \ pdppfcsuf tpD&ifcHpm}} tm; wifjyNy;D jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif Oya'udk jyifqifonfh Oya'rlMurf;ESihf pyfvsOf;onfh vuf&Sdjy|mef;csuf? jyifqifrnfh jy|mef;csufESifh trsKd;om; vTwawmfOya'Murf;aumfrwD\ pdppf f tBujH yKcsuwukd zwfMum;wifjyonf/ f Ykd xdkodkYwifjy&mwGif jynfaxmifpk a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif Oya'udk jyifqifonfhOya'rlMurf; yk'fr 3 ESifhpyfvsOf; ]]vT w f a wmf a &G ; aumufyGJrsm;udk usif;yEdkifa&;twGuf vnf;aumif;? EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;udk BuD;MuyfEdkifa&;twGuf vnf;aumif; EdkifiHawmforwonf jynfaxmifpk a&G ; aumuf y G J a umf r &S i f u d k zG J U pnf ; &rnf / ,if ; od k Y zG J U pnf ; &mwG i f aumfr&SifOu|tygt0if tenf;qHk; tzGJU0if ig;OD;udk cefYtyfwm0efay; tyfEdkifonf}} [k jyifqifa&;om;oifh ygaMumif;/ avsmfuefoifhjrwf yk'r 4 ESipyfvsO;f jynfaxmifpk f hf orwjrefrmEdiiawmf zGUJ pnf;yHtajccH k f H k Oya'yk'r 398 (c)yg tcsKUd tcsursm; f f ukd yk'frcGJ(*) yk'frcGJi,f 1 rS 4 txd vnf;aumif;? yk'frcGJ (i)ESifh yk'frcGJ (Z)tjzpf vnf;aumif; jznfhpGufa&; om;xm;onfukd awGU&S&onftwGuf d h a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif\ tqdk jyKcsurm avsmuefoifjh rwfygaMumif;/ f S f yk'fr 6 ESifhpyfvsOf; yk'frcGJ (c)yg tqdkjyKjy|mef;csufudk tpm;xdk;xnfh oGif;jcif;jyK&ef roifhbJ yk'frwpfck wnf;jzifh aumfr&SifOu| odkYr[kwf tzGJU0ifae&mvpfvyfvQif EdkifiHawmf orwonf topfcefYtyfwm0ef ay;tyfEdkifonf/ xdkodkY cefYtyfwm0ef ay;jcif;cH&aom aumfr&SifOu| odkYr[kwf tzGJU0if\ &mxl;oufwrf; onf aumf r &S i f \ usef & S d o nf h oufwrf;twGufom jzpfonf[k jyefvnfa&;om;oifhygaMumif;/ yk'r 7 ESipyfvsO;f vuf&jdS y|mef; f hf csuygpmyd'ukd rlvtwdi;f xm;&Soifh f k f k d ygaMumif;/ yk'r 8 ESipyfvsO;f jynfaxmifpk f hf orwjrefrmEdiiawmf zGUJ pnf;yHtajccH k f H k Oya'yk'r 396 yg wm0efEivyyif f S hf k f kd cGifhrsm;udk yk'frcGJ(n)tjzpf jznfhpGuf a&;om;xm;aMumif; awGU&Sd& aumfr&Sif\ jyifqifonfh jy|mef;csuf rSm avsmfuefoifhjrwfygaMumif;jzifh zwfMum;wifjy&m jynfaxmifpk a&G;aumufyGJ aumfr&SiftzGJ Y0if OD;atmifjrihfu tqdkygOya'Murf;udk twnfjyK&ef tqdkwifoGif;onf/ ,if;tqdkudk yJcl;wdkif;a'oBuD; rJqE e,ftrSwf(8)rS a'gufwmcifarmif av;u axmufcHonf/ twnfjyK ,if;aemuf trsKd;om;vTwfawmf Ou|u jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJ aumfr&SifOya'udk jyifqifonfh Oya'rlMurf;yg jyifqifcsufrsm;udk wpfykd'fcsif;pDtvdkuf zwfMum;&Sif; vif;NyD; vTwfawmf\ tqHk;tjzwfudk &,l&m vTwfawmfu Oya'Murf; aumfrwD\ pdppfwifjycsursm;twdi;f f k Oya'Murf;udk twnfjyKaMumif; qHk;jzwfonf/ qufvuf trsKd;om;vTwfawmf Oya'Murf ; aumf r wD t wG i f ; a&;rS L ; OD;pHxe;f u tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf; G Oya'Murf;ESifhpyfvsOf; Oya'Murf; mud aumfrwD\ tpD&ifcHpm k zwfMum; &Sif;vif;NyD; tvkyform;0efBuD;Xme jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; OD;atmifMunfu tqdkyg Oya'Murf;udk twnfjyK&ef tqdkwifoGif;onf/ ,if;tqdkudk vT w f a wmf u d k , f p m;vS , f w pf O D ; u axmufcHonf/ ,if;aemuf trsKd;om;vTwfawmf Ou|u jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJ aumf r &S i f O ya'ud k jyif q if o nf h Oya'rlMurf;yg jyifqifcsufrsm;udk wpfydk'fcsif;pDtvdkuf zwfMum;&Sif; vif;Ny;D vTwawmf\ tqH;k tjzwfukd f &,l&m vTwfawmfu Oya'Murf;udk twnfjyKaMumif; qHk;jzwfonf/ aqG;aEG; Mo*kwf26 &ufu &Srf;jynfe,f rJqEe,ftrSwf(8)rS OD;Iarmif wif oGi;f xm;onfh ]]opfawm o,HZmw rjyKef;wD;a&;ESifh obm0ywf0ef;usif xdef;odrf;a&;udk tjynfht0umuG,f ay;Ekdifa&;twGuf opfawmOya' tm; jyifqifjy|mef;&ef jynfaxmifpk tpd k ; &tm; wd k u f w G e f ; aMumif ; }} tqdkudk vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f ig;OD;wdkYu aqG;aEG;Muonf/ ,if;tqdkESifhpyfvsOf; opfawm a&;&m0efBuD;Xme jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; OD;0if;xGef;u jrefrmEdkifiHwGif opfawmOya'udk 1902 ckEprS pwif S f xkwfjyefjy|mef;cJhNyD; acwfumv tajctaeESifh vdkufavsmnDaxG jzpfap&ef vnf;aumif;? ukvor* tygt0if EdiiwumtzGUJ tpnf;rsm; k f H wGif yg0ifvufrwa&;xk;d aqmif&uf S f G &onfh y#dnmOfyg jy|mef;csursm;t& f vnf;aumif;? 1902 ckESpf Oya'udk 1992 ck E S p f w G i f topf j yif q if jy|mef;cJhNyD; 2005 ckESpfrS pwif xyfrHjyifqifa&; pDrHaqmif&GufcJhyg aMumif;? ,cktcg vuf&SdzGJUpnf;yHk tajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csu?f acwfum v vdtyfcsursm;ESitnD pdppfjyifqif k f hf NyD; jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfHk;okdY ay;ydkYndEdIif; aqmif&GufNyD;jzpf ygaMumif ; ? xd k Y t jyif ywf 0 ef ; usif xdef;odrf;a&;Oya'udk tcsdef,la&; qGNJ y;D Ediiawmftpd;k &xH wifjyxm;Ny;D k f H jzpfygaMumif;jzifh jyefvnfajz&Sif; aqG;aEG;onf/ twnfjyK ,if;tqdkESifhywfouf obm0 ywf0ef;usixe;f odr;f a&;Oya'rlMurf; f d udk twnfjyK&ef vTwfawmfodkY wifjyxm;NyD;jzpfonhftwGuf ,if; tqdyg obm0ywf0ef;usixe;f odr;f k f d a&;udk tjynfht0 umuG,fay;Edkif a&;[lonfh pum;&yfudk y,fzsufNyD; opf a wmo,H Z mw rjyKef ; wD ; a&; twGuf opfawmOya'tm; jyifqif jy|mef;&ef jynfaxmmifpktpdk;&tm; wdkufwGef;aMumif; tqdkudk vTwfawmf u twnfjyKaMumif; aMunmonf/ ,if;aemuf yxrtBurf trsK;d om; d vTwfawmf 'kwd,yHkrSeftpnf;ta0; q|raeYudk nae 4 em&DwGif &yfem;vdkufNyD; tpnf;ta0; owr aeYudk 2011 ckESpf Mo*kwf 30 &uf (t*FgaeY)eHeuf 10 em&DwGif quf vufusif;yoGm;rnfjzpfonf/ aqmif&GufcJh tpnf;ta0;wGif vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm; ar;jref;onfh ar;cGef; ckepfckudk oufqdkif&m jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm;u jyefvnf ajzMum;jcif ; ? Oya'Murf ; ES p f c k u d k twnfjyKjcif;ESihf Mo*kwf 26&ufaeYu wifoi;f cJonfh tqdwpfcukd twnf G h k k jyKjcif;wdkYudk aqmif&GufcJhaMumif; awGU&Sd&onf/ (owif;pOf)

a&&Snfig;o,HZmw xdef;odrf;a&; ndEdIif; aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;onf obm0rsKd;pdwfrsm; rysufpD;ap&ef a&&SnfvkyfaqmifoGm;rnfh tpDtrH rsm;yif jzpfygaMumif;jzifh ajzMum; onf/ TefMum;vTmrsm; &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD; rJqEe,f trS w f ( 3)rS OD ; zk e f ; jrif h a tmif u ]]w&m;Hk;rsm;TefMum;vTm (8^62) ESifh (8^68)wkdYt& jrefrmEdkifiHawmf &Sd puf&Sifw&m;olBuD;rsm;onf tusOf ; axmif r sm;od k Y oG m ;a&muf ppf a q; tpD & if c H r I &S d ^ r&S d E S i f h tpD&ifcHrI&Sdygu w&m;0if xkwfjyef aMunmrnfh tpDtpOfrsm; &Sd ^r&Sd }} ESihf pyfvsO;f onfh ar;cGe;f udk ar;jref;&m jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf OD;xGef; xGef;OD;u w&m;Hk;rsm; TefMum;vTm trSwf (8^62)ESifh (8^68)wdkYrSm puf&Sifw&m;olBuD;rsm;u &mZ0wfrI rsm;ppfaq;&mwGif MuefYMumrI &Sd ^r&Sd od&Sd&ef tusOf;axmifrsm;odkY vpOf oGm;a&mufppfaq;&ef TefMum; jcif;jzpfygaMumif;? xdkodkY oGm;a&muf ppf a q;&if ; tcsKyf w &m;cH r sm;? tusOf ; om;rsm;\ aexd k i f a &;? pm;aomufa&;? usef;rma&;wkdYudk vnf; ar;jref;MunfhINyD; tpD&ifcHpm wGif xnfhoGif;azmfjyEdkif&ef jzpfyg aMumif;? ,if;TefMum;vTmrsm;udk xkwfjyefpOfu tusOf;OD;pD;Xmeonf w&m;a&;0ef B uD ; Xme atmuf w G i f &SdaepOfumv jzpfygaMumif;/ 1974 ckESpf jynfolYw&m;olBuD;

tzdk;wef&Sm;yg;onfU iSufodkuf
&efukef Mo*kwf 29 ZD 0 Zk d ; iS u f w d k Y \ tef z wf u d k iSuou[k trsm;odMuNy;D jzpfonf/ f dk f iSuouonf &Sm;yg;onf? aq;zuf f dk f 0ifonf? &Sm;yg;NyD; usef;rma&; twGuf aq;zuf0if aps;vnf; BuD;onf/ NrdwfNrdKUurf;em;vrf;&Sd OD;&efat;\tdrf ZD0Zkd;iSufrsm;u obm0tavsmufvma&mufaexki df iSufodkufrsm;vkyfaeonfrSm ESpf aygif; 30 cefyif&NdS yjD zpfonf/ NrwNf rKd U Y d wGif OD;&efat; tdrfuJhokdY ZD0Zkd;iSuf rsm; vma&mufum iSufokdufvkyfae onfh tdrftcsKdUvnf;&Sdonf/ ZD0Zkd; iSufrsm;vma&muf&ef vlwdkYzefwD; xm;onfh iSuftdrfrsm;vnf; NrdwfNrdKU ,cktcg trsm;tjym;&Sdae onf/ ]]iSuouu touft&G,Bf u;D ol f kd f awGtwGuf cGeftm;wdk;apygw,f/ usef;rma&;csKdU,Gif;vkdY tm;tifenf; aewJoawGtwGuf tvGeoifawmf h l f h wJh "mwfpmvkdY ajymMuygw,f/ aeraumif;wJholawG vm0,fMu ovkd NrwNf rKd Uudk tvnftywfvmwJh d olawGvnf; iSufokduf0,fMuyg w,f}}[k OD;&efat;\ obm0iSuf tdrfrS romat;u ajymonf/ iSufokduftaumif; wpfusyfom; aiGusyf 27000 aps;&SdNyD; wpfydkif; ESpfydkif;usKd;oGm;onfh iSufodkufrSm aiGusyf 20000 aps;&SdaMumif;? iSuf okdufudk av;vwpfBudrf odrf;qnf; aMumif;vnf; od&onf/ iSuouukd aomufo;Hk rnfqygu f dk f kd yxrOD;pGm a&pdrf&onf/ a&xJ trQifrsm;jzpfvmvQif rvdktyfaom tarG;trSifrsm;udk xkwfy,foefYpif Ny;D iSuoutrQirsm;udk oD;oefz,f f dk f f Y ,l&onf/ xkdYaemuf a&oefYESifh a&m cGuxoYdk xnfum a&aEG;ESihf f J h aygif;NyD; oMum;ausmufudk vkdtyf ovdkxnfh aomufokH;EdkifaMumif; (udkBuD;om) od&onf/

aq;zuf0if tpGrf;xuf iSufodkufrsm;udk awGU&pOf/

(30-8)07.pmd

8/30/2011, 4:46 AM

pmrsufESm 8
ausmzkH;rS

30-8-2011
wifoi;f cGirjyKygaMumif;? Refine G hf G f Sugar wifoi;&mwGif pm;aomuf ukefjzpf FDA axmufcHcsuf vdtyfrnfjzpfygaMumif;? pm;tke;f qD k udk avmavmq,f e,fpyfrS wifoi;f cGirjyKao;bJ yifv,f G hf a&aMumif;rSom FDA axmufcH csufjzifh wifoi;f cGijhf yKvsuf&yg G dS aMumif;? e,fpyfrwifoi;f vdygu S G k wdi;f a'oBuD;^jynfe,ftpd;k &tzGUJ k \ cGijhf yKrI? axmufcBH uD;MuyfrjI zifh a'ovdtyfcsuf yrmPtwGuf k D tpktzGUJ ukrPzUJG pnf; FDA axmufccsufjzifh H wifoi;f cGihf G awmif;cHvQif ydroifavsmfrnf k kd h jzpfygaMumif;? tmarT;ESiygyvmrSm hf pm;aomufuejf zpf FDA axmufcH k csufjzifh wifoi;f cGijhf yKvsuf&yg G dS aMumif;? aq;0g;trsKd;rsKd; wifoi;f G cGiEiywfouf use;f rma&;0efBu;D hf S hf Xme? usef;rma&;OD;pD;Xme? jrefrm EdiiH tpm;aomufEihf aq;0g; k f S tmPmyditzGUJ rS xkway;onfh k f f aq;0g;wifoi;f jcif; G vkyief; f vkyuicivufrwf (Drug Imf kd f G hf S portation Approval Certificate)? aq;0g;vufvvum; a&mif;csol D vdipif (Drug Registration Cerk f tificate) rsm;jzifh jynfhpkHpGmwifjy avQmufxm;vmygu wifoi;f cGijhf yK G ay;vsuf&NdS yD; FDA axmufccsuf H vdtyfygaMumif;? *sKHaph? *sKHreEihf k I Yf S ywfouf *sKaphtm; wifoi;f cGijhf yK H G vsuf&NdS yD; *sKHretm; wifoi;f cGihf I Yf G rjyKaMumif;ESihf pufb;D ESihf pufb;D G tydypn;f topfrsm;udk wifoi;f cGihf k jyKvsuf&SdygaMumif;/ b@ma&;ESitcGe0efBu;D Xme\ hf f 11-8-2011 &ufpGJjzifh xkwfjyef aMunmaom trdeaMumfjimpm Yf trSwf (142^2011) jzifh e,fpyf ukeo,rwwif usyaiGjzifh yduef f G f I Ykd G f Yk k a&mif;&aiG&&Sygu ,if;a&mif;&aiG d pkpaygif;\ (8)&mcdiEe;f udk usyaiG k k f I f jzifh ukeo,vyief;cGef ay;aqmif f G f k f &ef owfrwxm;jcif;tpm; (5) S f &mcdiEe;f omay;aqmif&ef avQmaygh k f I h ay;cJygaMumif;? e,fpyfjzwfausmf h ykreueo,a&;enf;vrf;jzifh &&Sd H S f k f G f onfh EdiijH cm;aiGtjyif e,fpyf k f enf;vrf;jzif&&Sonfh usyaiGvnf; h d f tusKH;0ifygaMumif;? 4if;tjyif 2011 ckEpf Mo*kwv 11 &ufaeY S f wGif xkwjf yefonfh jynfaxmifpk orwjrefrmEdiiawmf jynfaxmifpk k f H tpd;k &tzGUJ trdeaMumfjimpmtrSwf Yf (32^2011) jzifh qef? yJrsKd;pk?H ajymif;? ESr;f ? a&mfbm? a&csKd? a&ief xGuf a&xGuypn;f rsm;? wd& pmef f ESihf wd& pmefxuf ypn;f rsm; G (uefowfueypn;f rsm;rSty) \ Y k f jynfyyduef a&mif;&aiGtay: Yk k pnf;Muyfaumufconfh ukeo,f H f G vkyief;cGeukd ukeo,vyief;cGef f f f G f k f Oya'yk'r 8? yk'rcGJ (C)t& f f f 2011 ckEpf Mo*kwv 15 &ufaeY S rS 2012 ckEpf azazmf0g&Dv 14 &uf S aeYtxd (6)v uif;vGwcijhf yKNyD; f G jzpfygaMumif;jzifh ajzMum;onf/ qufvuf {&m0wDwi;f kd a'oBuD; rJqEe,ftrSwf (12)rS OD;vIiO;D \ ]]awmifolv,form; d f rsm; 0ifaiGwdk;wufa&;twGuf pdkufysKd;xkwfvkyfrI wdk;wufa&;udk taxmuftuljyKEdkif&ef vkHavmuf aomt&if;tESD;rsm;udk vdktyfrnf jzpfygaMumif;? owfrwpcsdepe; S f H f H Tf rDpdkufysKd;&ef pyg;wpf{u pdkufysKd; p&dwf usyf (2 'or 2)odef;cefY ukefusygaMumif;? rwfyJ? yJwDpdrf; wpf{updkufysKd;p&dwf (1 'or 7) ode;cefY ukeusygaMumif;? awmifol f f v,form;rsm;tm; EdkifiHawmfu vuf&Sd xkwfacs;ay;vsuf&Sdaom pdkufp&dwfEIef;xm;rsm;rSm pyg; 0g,rtoif;rsm;rSwpfqifh awmifol rsm;odYk oD;jcm;yHy;kd xkway;vsuf&dS h f ygaMumif;? qefpyg;txl;jyKukrPD rsm;? yJrsKd;pHktxl;jyKukrPDrsm;u vnf; awmiforsm;vdtyfonfh l k pduysKd;p&dw?f rsKd;? oGi;f tm;pk? k f d d v,f,moH;k pufu&,mrsm;udk vuf&yy;kd xkway;aevsuf&onfh dS hH f dS tjyif qefytxl;jyKukrPrsm; J D NrdKUe,frsm;wGif wd;k csJUzGUJ pnf;NyD; awmiforsm;udk qufvufyy;kd ay; l hH k f H oGm;rnfjzpfygaMumif;ESihf Ediiawmf t0if urf;a0;ig;zrf;avSrsm;onf urf;eD;twGi;f 0ifa&mufzrf;qD; ygu pnf;urf;ysufavStjzpf owfrwum 'Pfuta&;,lrI S f kd f rsm; jyKvyygaMumif;? pnf;urf;ysuf k f ig;zrf;avSrsm;awGU&Sygu ig;vkyief; d f OD;pD;XmeodkY wdkifMum;vQif Oya' pnf;rsOf;ESifhtnD ta&;,lrSm jzpfaMumif;/ weoFm&D ig;zrf;uGuwif f G uRef;pkNrdKUe,f? 0ufjzLawmifEihf S om;rsm; trduRef;wpf0dkuf&Sd &efuewi;f a'oBu;D rJqEe,f k f kd trSwf (3)rS OD;zke;f jrifatmifu h ]]w&m;Hk;rsm;nTeMf um;vTm (8^62) ESihf (8^68)wdkUt& jrefrmEdkiiawmf f H &Sd puf&Sifw&m;olBuD;rsm;onf tusOf;axmifrsm;odkY oGm;a&muf ppfaq; tpD&ifcHrI &Sd^r&SdESifh tpD&ifcHrI&Sdygu w&m;0ifxkwfjyef aMunmrnfhtpDtpOfrsm; &Sd^r&Sd}} ESipyfvsOf;onfar;cGe;f udk ar;jref; hf h &m jynfaxmifpw&m;olBuD;csKyf k OD;xGef;xGef;OD;u w&m;Hk;rsm; nTefMum;vTmtrSwf (8^62) ESifh (8^68)wdrm puf&iw&m;olBuD; Yk S S f rsm;u &mZ0wfrrsm; ppfaq;&mwGif I MuefMY umrI &S^r&Sd od&&ef tusOf; d dS axmifrsm;odYk vpOf oGm;a&muf ppfaq;&ef TefMum;jcif;jzpfyg aMumif;? xdoYkd oGm;a&mufppfaq; k &if; tcsKyw&m;cHrsm;? tusO;f om; f rsm;\ aexdia&;? pm;aomufa&;? k f usef;rma&;wkuvnf; ar;jref; Yd kd MunfNI y;D tpD&ifcpmwGif xnfoi;f h H h G azmfjyEdkif&ef jzpfygaMumif;? ,if; nTeMf um;vTmrsm;udk xkwjf yefpOfu tusOf;OD;pD;Xmeonf w&m;a&; 0efBu;D Xmeatmufwif &SaepOfumv G d jzpfygaMumif;/ 1974 ckEpf jynfow&m;olBu;D S Yl tzGUJ Oya'? 1988 ckEpf w&m;pD&if S a&;Oya'ESihf 2000jynhEpf w&m; f S S f pD&ifa&;Oya'wdwif owfrwxm; Yk G onfh w&m;olBu;D rsm;onf jypf'Pf uscae&olrsm;? tcsKycae&olrsm; H f H ESiywfouf Oya'ESitnD &oifh hf hf &xduaom tcGita&;rsm; cHpm; k f hf Ekdifa&;ESifh trIppfaq;&mwGif MuefMY umrIr&Sapa&;twGuf tusO;f d pcef;rsm;? &Jbufpcef;rsm;? &JwyfzUJG

uefowfywyifxm;aom ukef Y d f ypn;f (9)rsKd;teuf pm;awmfyEihf J S ukvm;yJwtm; e,fpyfa'oae Ykd jynforsm; l pm;ok;H &eftwGuf vkyx;Hk vkyenf;ESitnD pdppfNyD; f f hf tqifajyatmif aqmif&uay;rnf G f jzpfygaMumif;? oMum;ESiywfouf hf MuHvyief;&Sirsm;toif;\ k f f axmufccsufjzifh Refine Sugar H tm; wifoi;f cGijhf yKxm;NyD; d;k d;k G oMum;tm; jynfwi;f pduysKd; G k f xkwvyorsm; xdcuepfemEdiojzifh f kf l dk f kf

odjYk zpfyg Ediiawmftpd;k & k f H taeESihf pyg;wpf{uudk acs;aiG usyf 40000? tjcm;oD;ESwpf{u H udk usyf 10000 EIe;f jzifh xkwacs; f ay;vsu&NdS y;D or0g,r0efBu;D Xme f \ tpDtpOfjzifh v,f,mukexwf f k k f k ESihf vufvyvufpm; aiGpaiGacs; toif;? pduysKd;a&;xkwvyrI or k f f k f

taejzifh awmiforsm; pduysK;d p&dwf l k f wd;k jri&&Sa&;twGuf jrefrmhv,f,m hf d zGUH NzdK;a&;bPf tpDtpOf? txl;jyK ukrPDrsm;ESifh or0g,rtoif; tzGJUrsm;\ yhHydk;rIrsm;udk&,lNyD; wpfjynfvHk; pdkuf{utm;vHk; vTr;f jcHKNyD; yHy;kd ay;Edia&; BudK;yrf; h k f aqmif&uvsuf &SygaMumif;jzifh G f d ajzMum;onf/ xdaemuf weoFm&Dwi;f a'o Yk kd BuD; rJqEe,ftrSwf (3)rS OD;wif armifjrifu ]]weoFm&Dwdkif;a'o h BuD;\ taemufbufyifv,fjyif wGif urf;a0;ig;zrf;avSrsm;jzpf onfh '&GwfqGJ 0g;vwfavSBuD;rsm; onf urf;ESiwpfrkdicefU tuGmtxd hf f 0ifa&muf ydkufqGJig;zrf;ojzifh a'ocH urf;eD;ig;zrf;avSrsm;twGuf tcufMuHKae&ygaMumif;? ig;rzrf;& umvrsm;wGifyif 0ifa&mufzrf;qD; vsuf&SdygaMumif;? ig;rsKd;jyKef;wD; apEdkifonfh ydkufuGufpdyfpdyfrsm; toHk;jyKNyD; vQyfppfrD;tm; cGifhjyK AdkUtm;xuf ydkrkdtoHk;jyKum zrf;qD; aeonfh rD;xGef;avSrsm;rSmvnf; wm;jrpfxm;onfhMum;rS Oya'rJh 0ifa&muf zrf;qD;aeygaMumif;? aemifwGif ig;rsKd;jyKef;wD;NyD; &Sm;yg vmonftjzpfrsKd; MuHKawGUvmEdkiyg h f aMumif;? xdkUaMumifh yifv,fig;zrf; vkyfief;wGif obm0rsKd;pdwfrsm; rysufpD;ap&atmif a&&Snf vkyfaqmifEdkif&ef rnfuhJodkU pDpOf aqmif&Gufxm;onfudk od&Sdvdkyg aMumif;}} ESipyfvsO;f onfar;cGe;f udk hf h ar;jref;&m arG;jrLa&;ESihf a&vkyief; f 0efBuD;Xme jynfaxmifp0efBuD; k OD;wifEioe;f u 0efBuD;Xmetae kd f d kd jzifh weoFm&Dwi;f a'oBuD; urf;d;k wef;wGif urf;ajcrS (10)rdif k tuGmta0;twGi;f &Sd a&jyifonf urf;eD;a&jyif[owfrwNf y;D tvsm; k S ay (30)ESihf jrif;aumifa& (20) xufrydaom tif*sifwyfqifxm; k onfh avSi,frsm;udom urf;eD; k ig;zrf;vdkifpif&,lapNyD; ig;zrf; vkyfief;rsm; vkyfudkifcGifhjyKvsuf&Sd ygaMumif;? tvsm;ay (30)ESihf jrif;aumifa& (20)xufBuD;aom avSrsm;udk urf;a0;avStjzpf owfrSwfum urf;ajcrS (10)rdkif tuGmta0;tjyifbufwif ig;zrf; G f vdipif&,lapvsuf ig;zrf;vkyief; k f rsm; vkyfudkifcGifhjyKxm;ygaMumif;? '&GwfqJG0g;vwfavSBuD;rsm; tyg

30-8 (08-09).pmd

654321 654321 654321

wpf{u usyf(20000)EIef;jzpfNyD; yJwpf{u usyf(10000)EIe; jzpfyg f aMumif;? ukefusp&dwfESifh acs;aiG yrmP uGmjcm;rIrsm;jym;aeaMumif;? odkYjzpfyg pdkufp&dwfwdk;jrifh&&Sda&; twGuf Edkiiawmf\pDrrjI zifh txl;jyK f H H ukrPrsm;ESihf or0g,rtoif;tzGUJ D rsm;\ yHykd;rIrsm;udk&,lNyD; wpfEkdiiH h f vkH;\ pdkuf{utm;vkH; vTrf;jcHKrd atmif aqmif&Gufay;rnfhtpDtpOf &Sd^r&Sd? &SdvQif rnfodkY qufvuf aqmif&urnfukd od&vkygaMumif;}} G f dS d ar;cGe;f ESipyfvsOf; hf txl;jyK ukrPrsm; ESioufqionfh pD;yGm; D hf kd f a&;ESihf ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;0efBu;D Xme? jrefrmhv,f,mzGUH NzdK;a&;bPf tydi;f ESioufqionfh v,f,m k hf dk f pduysKd;a&;ESihf qnfajrmif;0efBuD; k f XmeESifh or0g,rtoif;rsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh or0g,r0efBu;D Xme wdkU\ ajzMum;csufrsm;udk pkpnf; ajzMum;oGm;rnfjzpfygaMumif;/ qefpyg;txl;jyK ukrPDESifh ywfouf jrefrmhqefpyg;avmu ESihf tjcm;oD;ESavmu zGUH NzdK;a&; H twGuf 2009-2010 pduysK;d &moD k f rSpNyD; qefpyg;txl;jyKukrPrsm; D k D ESihf yJrsKd;pHtxl;jyKukrPrsm;udk owfrwt*Fg&yfrsm;ESitnD zGUJ pnf; S f hf cJygaMumif;? 2009-2010 pduysKd; h k f &moDrp S ,aeYtcsdetxd f {&m0wD? yJc;l ? ppfui;f ? rauG;ESihf kd &efuewi;f a'oBu;D ? &cdijf ynfe,f? k f kd k &Sr;f jynfe,fEihf aejynfawmfaumifpD S a'otoD;oD;wGif qefpyg;txl;jyK ukrPD (39)ck? yJrsKd;pHk txl;jyK ukrPD (21)ck pkpaygif; txl;jyK k ukrPD (60) zGUJ pnf;rSwywifcihf f kH G jyKxm;NyD;jzpfygaMumif;? tqdkyg ukrPD (60) taejzifh 2009 2010 rd;k pyg;? aEGpyg;pduysKd;&moD k f rsm;wGif awmifol 45909 OD;? pdkuf{u 313691 {utwGuf pyg;pduysKd;&ef pduysKd;p&dwEihf k f k f f S oGi;f tm;pk yHy;kd rIwefz;kd aiGyrmP h usyfoef; 16947 'or 31 (16 'or 947 bDv,)? 2009D H 2010 yJrsKd;pkpuysKd;&moDwif H kd f G awmifol 15564 OD;? pdkuf{u 116281 {utwGuf pduysKd; k f p&dwEihf oGi;f tm;pkyy;kd rIwefz;kd aiG f S hH yrmP usyfoef; 4115 'or 91 (4 'or 116 bDv,)? D H 2010-2011 b@mESpwivnf; f G f rdk;pyg;? aEGpyg; pdkufysKd;&moDwGif awmifol 82192 OD;? pdu{u k f 628542 {utwGuf usyf oef; 29318 'or 67 (29 'or 319 bDv,)? D H 2010-2011 yJrsKd;pHpuysKd;&moDwif awmifol k kd f G 18747 OD;? pdu{u 178521 k f {utwGuf usyfoef; 6640 'or 18 (6 'or 64 bDv,) D H wdukd yHy;kd ay;cJygaMumif;? ,ck Yk h h 2011-2012 b@mESprmvnf; f S rd;k pyg;rSm pyg;pduawmifol k f 47790 OD;? pdu{u 360603 k f {utwGuf pyg;pduysKd;&ef pduysKd; k f k f

54321 54321 54321 54321

p&dwfESifhoGif;tm;pk yHhydk;rIwefzdk; aiGyrmP usyoef; 16333 'or f 55 (16 'or 334 bDv,)? D H rdk;pdkufyJrsKd;pHktwGuf awmifol 3934 OD;? pdu{u 16964 {u k f twGuf usyfoef; 809 'or 4 (0 'or 809 bDv,)udk yHy;kd D H h ay;NyD; jzpfygaMumif;/ ,ckESpf rdk;pyg;ESifhyJrsKd;pHktwGuf txl;jyK ukrPrsm;rS qufvufyy;kd xkway; D hH f aeqJjzpfygaMumif;/ xdkYtjyif 2011-2012 pduysKd; k f &moDwif qefpyg;txl;jyKukrPD G (11)ck? yJrsKd;pHtxl;jyKukrPD (6)ck? k pdkufysKd;a&;txl;jyKukrPD (1)ck pkpaygif; (18)ckukd NrdKUe,f (18) k NrKd Ue,fwif topfzUJG pnf;a&;vkyief; G f tqifqifukd aqmif&uaeNyjD zpfyg h h G f aMumif;? xdUk aMumifh qefpyg;txl;jyK ukrPD (50)? yJrsKd;pHtxl;jyKukrPD k (27)ckEihf pduysK;d a&;txl;jyKurPD S k f k (1) ck pkpaygif; txl;jyKukrPD k (78)ck jzpfvmNyDjzpfNyD; txl;jyK ukrPrsm; xyfrw;kd csJUzGUJ pnf; D H ydrkd k pduysKd;p&dwacs;aiGrsm; k f f wd;k wufyy;kd Ediatmif &nfre;f csuf hH k f S xm;aqmif&Gufvsuf&SdygaMumif;/ jrefrmhv,f,mzGHUNzdK;a&;bPf taejzifh 2011-2012 pdkufysKd; &moDwif pyg;wpf{u usyf 20000 G EIe;f ? tjcm;oD;ESH wpf{u usyf f dS 10000 EIe;f xkwacs;vsuf&&mrS EdkifiHawmforw\ vrf;nTefcsuf t& pyg;wpf{u acs;aiG usyf 40000 txd wd;k jrixwacs;&ef hf k f xyfrHvdktyfaiG wpf{u usyf 20000 udk 2011 ckEp?f Mo*kwv S f 16 &ufaeYrp xkwacs;vsuf&dS S f ygaMumif;/ aejynfawmfaumifp?D &efue?f k ppfui;f ESihf rEav;wdi;f a'oBuD;? kd k &cdijf ynfe,fEihf rGejf ynfe,fwUkd k S wGif 2011-2012 pduysKd;&moD k f twGuf NrdKUe,f (50)wGif&Sdonfh k v,f,mukexwEihf vufvyf f k f S vufpm; aiGpaiGacs;toif; (1322) k oif;rS toif;om; 22243 OD; pdu{u 79893 {utwGuf k f usyfoef; 3570 'or 93 (3 'or 571 bDv,)udk yHy;kd cJyg D H h h aMumif;? xkjYd yif pduysK;d a&;xkwvyf k f f k a&;or0g,rtoif;rsm;odY k jynfe,f wdi;f a'oBuD; 13 ck? NrdKUe,f 119 k NrdKUe,frS toif; 577 oif;\ pduf k {u 237050 twGuf pduysKd; k f p&dwf yHy;kd aiGusyf oef; 4447 h 'or 54 (4 'or 447 bDv,) D H yHhydk;cJhaMumif;/ BudK;yrf;aqmif&Guf

jynfaxmifporw jrefrmEdiiH k k f ukeonfrsm;ESihf pufrvufrvyief; f I I kf &Sirsm;toif;csKyf\ BuD;MuyfrEihf f I S jrefrmEkiiH opfo;D 0vHEihf [if;oD; d f S [if;&Guf pdkufysKd;xkwfvkyf wifydkY a&mif;csolrsm;toif;\ tpDtpOf jzifh yk*vuvkyief;&Sirsm;tm; d f f pkpnf;aqmif&uvsuf&ygaMumif; G f dS jzifh ajzMum;onf/ ppfui;f wdi;f a'oBu;D rJqEe,f kd k trSwf (9)rS OD;ode;f 0if;u ]]wrl; e,fpyf ukeo,a&;pcef;rS tvwf f G f pm;? ti,fpm; ukeonfrsm;twGuf f umvowfrwcsujf zifh Individual S f f Trading Card (xou)xkway; onfhpepf cGifhjyKay;NyD; uefYowf ydwyifxm;cJaom ukeypn;rsm;udk f h f f uefYowfcsufajzavQmh w&m;0if wifoGif;cGifhjyKay;Edkifjcif; &Sd^r&Sd}} ESifh ]]ukefoG,fvkyfief;cGefrsm;udk ykHrSef ukefoG,fa&;vkyfief;rsm; twGuf 8 &mcdkifEIef;rS 5 &mcdkifEIef; odkY avQmhay;ouJhodkY e,fpyf ukefoG,fa&;enf;vrf;jzifh ydkYukef aqmif&GufrItay:wGif avQmhcsay; EdkifrI &Sd^r&Sd od&SdvdkygaMumif;}} ar;jref;&m wrl;e,fpyf ukeo,a&; f G f pcef;tygt0if e,fpyfueo,a&; k f G f pcef;rsm;wGif 1995 ckEpf e,fpyf S ukefoG,fa&;e,fpcef;rsm; pwif zGivppOf ukrPzUJG pnf;xlaxmif hf S f D vkyuijf cif;rjyKEiao;onfh ueOD; f kd kd f umvrsm;u xkwueoi;f ukersm; f k f G f vkyuiEi&eftwGuf ukeonf f kd f kd f f wpfOD;csif;udk Trading Card (xou)rsm;udk xkway;cJaMumif;? f h odaomf vkyief;aqmif&uorsm;\ Yk f G f l pm&if;Z,m; rSeuefwusrtm;enf; f d I jcif;? ukeo,rvyief;aqmif&uf f G f I k f G &mwGif yDjyifrenf;yg;jcif;ESihf tcGef I pnf;Muyf&ef tcuftcJrsm; jzpfay: cJonftwGuf tqifjh ri ukrPD h h hf zGUJ pnf;NyD; ykreueo,a&;pepf H S f k f G f aqmif&uonfh tavhtusifh &&Sd G f ap&ef &nf&G,fNyD; a'otvdkuf (xou)uwf xkway;onfpepf f h udk 1999-2000 b@mESpfwGif &yfqi;f um ukrPxaxmifNy;D rSom kd D l (xou)uwf xkway;onfpepf f h udk usifo;Hk cJjh cif; jzpfygaMumif;? h vuf&tajctaewGif ukeo,rI dS f G f vkyief;rsm; aqmif&u&eftwGuf f G f trsK;d om;pDrue;f ESihf pD;yGm;a&;zGUH NzKd ; H d wd;k wufr0efBuD;Xme? &if;ES;D jrKyfErI I HS ESihf ukrPrsm;TeMf um;rIO;D pD;Xme D wGif ukrPrwywif pD;yGm;a&; D S f Hk ESifh ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;0efBuD; Xme? ukeo,a&;TeMf um;rIO;D pD; f G f XmerS xkwue?f oGi;f ukevyief;&Sif f k f k f rSwywif xkway;vsu&ygaMumif;? f Hk f f dS e,fpyfa'o&Sd ukeonftvwfpm;? f ti,fpm;rsm;taejzifh ukrPD xlaxmif&eftcuftcJ&ygu a'o dS wGi;f xkwue?f oGi;f ukef or0g,r f k toif;tjzpf zGUJ pnf;xlaxmifrwyHk S f wifNyD;aemuf xkwue?f oGi;f ukef f k vkyief;&Si(xou) rSwywif&&Sd f f f Hk a&;udk e,fpyfukefoG,fa&;OD;pD; Xme&Sd e,fpcef;k;H rsm;rS csdwquf f ulnDaqmif&Gufay;EdkifygaMumif;/ wifoGif;cGifhjyK

jynfaxmifpk w&m;olBuD;csKyf OD ; xG e f ; xG e f ; OD ; ar;jref;csursm; f udk jyefvnf ajzMum;pOf/ (owif;pOf)

arG ; jrLa&; ESifh a& vkyf ief; 0ef BuD; Xm e jynfaxmifp0efBuD; k OD; wif Edkif odef; ar; jref; csuf rsm; udjk yefvnfajzMum; pOf/ (owif;pOf)

ig;vkyfief;a&jyiftm; ig;? ykpGef rsK;d yGm;onfh &moDcsewif ig;rzrf;& d f G e,fajrtjzpf ESppOf owfrwf f S xkwjf yefygaMumif;? ig;rzrf;&e,fajr rsm;wGif 0ifa&mufzrf;qD;aeaom ig;zrf;avSrsm;udk azmfxwwiMf um; k f kd Muyg&efEihf Oya'pnf;rsO;f ESitnD S hf ta&;,lom;rSm jzpfygaMumif;/ G xkwfjyefxm;&Sd 0efBuD;Xmetaejzifh ig;? ykpef G o,HZmw rsKd;rjyKef;wD;apa&;ESifh a&&SnpOfqufrjywf f zrf;qD; xkwvyEia&;twGuf ig;zrf;qD; f k f kd f &mwGif '&Gwqig;zrf;yduuuf f JG k f G (Cod End Mesh Size) tm; (2)vufrt&G,f owfrwxm;NyD; S f ig;jrLud&,m AdUk tm;jrifvQyfppfr;D d h toH;k jyK jrLqG,zrf;qD;jcif;rjyK f &ef ig;vkyief;OD;pD;XmerS (30-4f 2010) &ufpyg trdeaMumfjimpm JG Yf trSwf (13^2010)jzifh xkwjf yef xm;&SdNyD; jzpfygaMumif;/ owfrwyuuuf t&G,tpm; S f kd f G f rsm;jzifom zrf;qD;&mwGif toH;k jyK h Edi&ef ig;zrf;avS rxGucmrD k f f G oufqdkif&m ppfaq;a&;pcef;rsm; wGif yduuut&G,tpm;rsm;tm; k f G f f Xme0efxrf;rsm;u ppfaq;wdi;f wm k G f &Syg d BuD;Muyfaqmif&uvsuf aMumif;/ 0efBuD;Xmetaejzifh ig;rsKd; jyKef;wD;NyD; om;ig;&Sm;yg;vmonfh tjzpfrsKd; rMuHKawGUap&ef ynm&Si?f vkyfief;&Sifrsm; pHknDpGmyg0ifonfh jrefrmhyifv,f ig;vkyief;a&jyif\ f f ig;? ykpeo,HZmw a&&Snwnf&dS G f rIEihf xkw,o;kH pGrqi&m pmwrf; S f l J I kd f zwfyudk 2011 ckEpf Zlviv 1 &uf JG S kd f ESihf 4 &ufwwif usif;yEdicNhJ yD; Ydk G k f aqG;aEG;yG&v'frsm;tjzpf ig;o,H J Zmwxdcuaponfh ig;zrf;ud&,m kd f d rsm;udk cGirjyK&efEihf owfrwf hf S S pnf;urf;csufrsm;udk vdkufem&ef ysufuGufonfh pnf;urf;ysuf ig;zrf;avSrsm;udvnf; xda&mufpm k G ta&;,l&ef qH;k jzwfcsuf (37)csuf k csrSwcNhJ yD; jzpfygaMumif;? tqdyg f aqG;aEG;qH;k jzwfcsursm;ESifh Southf
east Asian Fisheries Development Center \ a'owGi; a&&Snf f

aqmif& aMumif;} vl0ifrBI u tiftm; 0efBuD; O okH;EIef;o jynfe, aexkiMf u d &nfTe aMumif;? a'oo rdiceYf e k f armifaw onfh b Ediiwi k f H G rsm;ESifh xkH;pH? , bmomp ojzifh a uyif ES ul;vl;? rIrsm; & rsm;tay wGi&o f dS a&ajro <u,f0o w&m;r0 rsm; &Sv d b*F gvDv tdrax f Ediitw k f H aexdir k f um twGif;o r0if 0i tjym;&Sv d twGi;f w ESifh tr e*g;rif;

&efukefwdkif;a'oBuD; rJqEe,f trSwf (3) rS trsKd;om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm; vS,f OD;zke;jrifhatmif f ar;jref;pOf/ (owif;pOf)

tcsKypcef;rsm;tm; ppfaq;MunfI f h Ekionf[k jy|mef;xm;ygaMumif;? d f xktwl 2010jynfEpf jynfaxmifpk Yd h S w&m;pD&ifa&;Oya'vnf; txuf ygtwdi;f jy|mef;xm;ygaMumif;? k odyg jynfaxmifpw&m;pD&ifa&; Yk k Oya'ESitnD aqmif&uvsu&yg hf G f f dS aMumif;jzifh &Si;f vif;ajzMum;onf/ a&maxG;aexdkif &ckijf ynfe,f rJqEe,ftrSwf d (7)rS OD;Zm,m'fa&mfrH (c) OD;aX;0if; u ]]&ckd i f j ynf e ,f ? armif a wm cdkif&Sd jynfaxmifpkzGm; a'ocH jrefrmrlqvif rJqE&Sifrsm;onf vGwfvyfpGmc&D;oGm;vmEkdifjcif; r&Sd MuygaMumif;? &cdkifjynfe,ftwGif; wGiaomfvnf;aumif;? &ckijf ynfe,f f d jyify tjcm;wkdif;a'oBuD;ESifh jynfe,frsm;odkvnf;aumif;? pD;yGm; Y a&;? ynma&;? usef;rma&;? vlra&; I udpwpfckcktwGuf c&D;oGm;vkdvQif (e-p-u)\ a'oE & trd e f Y t & (v-0-u)rS ykpH (4),lNyD; tuef Y H towfjzifhom oGm;&ojzifh vlrI pD;yGm;a&;b0wGif vGefpGmtcuf tcJrsm;ESifh &ifqkdifae&ygaMumif;? ,if;tcuftcJudk ajyvnfatmif EkdifiHawmftpdk;&rS rnfuJhodkY ulnD

w rJqEe trsKd;o vS,f ar;jre

ig;o,HZmwxde;f odr;f a&; ndEi;f Id aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;onf obm0 rsKd;pdwrsm; rysufp;D ap&ef a&&Snf f vkyaqmifom;rnfh tpDtrHrsm;yif f G jzpfygaMumif;jzifh ajzMum;onf/

wdjYk zifh p (18000 jcif;jyKcJy h pufwifb oabmw vufca H ay;cJ&m h vlO;D a& aqmif& xdaemu k zGixm;a hf jyefvn w&m;r0 &SaeqJjz d r0if xk;d onf q omru odyg Yk &SdvmcJhy odjYk z t& Edii k f a&;wm0 cufco J ykpH (4)u H apon ae&jci c&D; tokH;jyK

8/30/2011, 4:06 AM

30-8-2011
&efuewi;f a'oBu;D rJqEe,f k f kd trSwf (3)rS OD;zke;f jrifatmifu h ]]w&m;Hk;rsm;nTeMf um;vTm (8^62) ESihf (8^68)wdkUt& jrefrmEdkiiawmf f H &Sd puf&Sifw&m;olBuD;rsm;onf tusOf;axmifrsm;odkY oGm;a&muf ppfaq; tpD&ifcHrI &Sd^r&SdESifh tpD&ifcHrI&Sdygu w&m;0ifxkwfjyef aMunmrnfhtpDtpOfrsm; &Sd^r&Sd}} ESipyfvsOf;onfar;cGe;f udk ar;jref; hf h &m jynfaxmifpw&m;olBuD;csKyf k OD;xGef;xGef;OD;u w&m;Hk;rsm; nTefMum;vTmtrSwf (8^62) ESifh (8^68)wdrm puf&iw&m;olBuD; Yk S S f rsm;u &mZ0wfrrsm; ppfaq;&mwGif I MuefMY umrI &S^r&Sd od&&ef tusOf; d dS axmifrsm;odYk vpOf oGm;a&muf ppfaq;&ef TefMum;jcif;jzpfyg aMumif;? xdoYkd oGm;a&mufppfaq; k &if; tcsKyw&m;cHrsm;? tusO;f om; f rsm;\ aexdia&;? pm;aomufa&;? k f usef;rma&;wkuvnf; ar;jref; Yd kd MunfNI y;D tpD&ifcpmwGif xnfoi;f h H h G azmfjyEdkif&ef jzpfygaMumif;? ,if; nTeMf um;vTmrsm;udk xkwjf yefpOfu tusOf;OD;pD;Xmeonf w&m;a&; 0efBu;D Xmeatmufwif &SaepOfumv G d jzpfygaMumif;/ 1974 ckEpf jynfow&m;olBu;D S Yl tzGUJ Oya'? 1988 ckEpf w&m;pD&if S a&;Oya'ESihf 2000jynhEpf w&m; f S pD&ifa&;Oya'wdwif owfrwxm; Yk G S f onfh w&m;olBu;D rsm;onf jypf'Pf uscae&olrsm;? tcsKycae&olrsm; H f H ESiywfouf Oya'ESitnD &oifh hf hf &xduaom tcGita&;rsm; cHpm; k f hf Ekdifa&;ESifh trIppfaq;&mwGif MuefMY umrIr&Sapa&;twGuf tusO;f d pcef;rsm;? &Jbufpcef;rsm;? &JwyfzUJG aqmif&Gufay;Edkifrnfudk odvkdyg aMumif;}}ESifhpyfvsOf;ar;jref;&m vl0ifrBI uD;Muyfa&;ESihf jynfoYl tiftm;0efBuD;Xme jynfaxmifpk 0efBuD; OD;cif&u jrefrmrlqvif[k D okH;EIef;oGm;olrsm;onf &ckdif jynfe,f armifawma'otwGi;f rSm d l aexkiMf uonfh b*F gvDvrsKd;rsm;udk &nfTef;ajymqkdjcif;[k ,lqyg aMumif;? &ckijf ynfe,f armifawm d a'oonf wpfzufEiiEihf (152) dk f H S rdiceYf e,ferwxpyfr&aeouJoYkd k f d d f d I dS h k f d armifawmcditwGi;f aexkiMf u onfh b*F gvDvrsK;d rsm;onf wpfzuf l Ediiwif aexkionfh b*F gvDvrsK;d k f H G d f l rsm;ESifh udk;uG,f,kHMunfrI "avh xkH;pH? ,Ofaus;rI? kyf&nfoGifjyif bmompum;rSpNyD; wlnaeMu D ojzifh a&S;tpOftqufumvrsm; uyif ESpEiitMum; tjyeftvSef f dk f H ul;vl;? oGm;vmqufqaygif;oif; H rIrsm; &ScMhJ uygaMumif;? xdtcsuf d k rsm;tay:tajccHum wpfzufEiiH dk f wGi&onfh b*F gvDvrsKd;rsm;onf f dS l a&ajro,HZmw ydraumif;rGef k kd <u,f0onfh rdrwEiitwGi;f odYk d Ykd dk f H w&m;r0if xdk;azmuf0ifa&mufrI rsm; &SvmcJ&mrS rdrEiitwGi;f &Sd d h d kd f H b*F gvDvrsdK;pkrsm;ESihf tjyeftvSef l tdraxmifjyKjcif;rsm;&SvmcJNh yD; rdrd f d EdiitwGi;f rSm vlO;D a&a&maxG; k f H aexdirrsm; &SvmcJygaMumif;/ k f I d h umv&SnMf um jrefrmEdiiH k f twGif;odkY wpfzufEdkifiHrS w&m; r0if 0ifa&mufaexkiorsm; trsm; d f l tjym;&SvmonftwGuf 1978 ckEpf d h S twGi;f wGif e,fajra'ovkjH cHKa&; ESifh trsKd;om;a&;vkdtyfcsuft& e*g;rif;ppfqifa&;? [oFmpDrcsuf H ydwyifjcif;r[kwbJ pepfwus f f h ppfaq;cGijhf yKonfpepfukd usifo;Hk h jcif;omjzpfygaMumif;? NrKd Ue,ftwGi;f qdvQif wpf&mESihf wpf&momru k G G ae&mwki;f udk cGijfh yKcsufrvdbJ d k oGm;vk&mudk vGwvyfpmoGm;vm d f G Ekici&ygaMumif;? jynfe,ftwGi;f d f G hf dS NrdKUe,fausmf oGm;vmrnfqygu kd NrdKUe,fOD;pD;rSL;? ckdifOD;pD;rSL;? jynfe,fOD;pD;rSL;rsm;xH cGifhjyKcsuf &,l avQmufxm;oGm;vmEdiNf yD; k jynfe,fausmf oGm;vmrnfqygu dk jynfe,frLS ;\ axmufcrjI zifh a'o H k f tmPmyditzGUJ odYk wifjycGijhf yKcsuf jzifh cGijhf yKay;vsuf&aeygaMumif;? dS vuf&Sdtajctaetxd owfrSwf csuEihf jynfponfh c&D;oGm;vmcGihf f S h kH tm;vH;k udk cGijhf yKay;vsuf&yg dS aMumif;? ynmoifMum;cGi?hf use;f rm a&;? vlra&; ponfjzifvtyfcsuf I h kd ay:rlwnfNyD; xyfw;kd cGijhf yKjcif; rsm;vnf; jyKvkyay;vsuf&yg f dS aMumif;? 2011 ckEpf Zefe0g&D 1 &uf S rS 2011 ckEpf Mo*kwf 28 &uf S txd &efueNf rdKUodYk oGm;vmcGijhf yK k h f dS ay;cJol (360)ausm&aeygaMumif;? vdtyfcsut& xyfw;kd aexdirrsm; k f k f I vnf; ta&twGursm;pGm cGijhf yKay; f cJygaMumif;? ynmoifMum;a&;tydi;f h k wGifvnf; 2011 ckESpf Zlvdkif 1 &ufrS 2011 ckEpf Mo*kwf 28 &uf S txd wuovtoD;oD;wGif kd f ynmoifMum;&ef xyfw;kd cGijhf yKcsuf rsm; tygt0if ynmoifESpfrsm; wpfavQmuf aexdicirsm;jyKcJ&m k f G hf h avmavmq,fwif (23)OD; &Sae G d ygaMumif;/ 2005 ckEpr2011 ckEptwGi;f S f S S f jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;odkU w&m;r0if 0ifa&mufol wpfzufEiiom; (258) kd f H OD;udk ae&mtESUH wGif pdppfazmfxwf k zrf;qD;ta&;,lEicNJh yD; zrf;rdaomf kd f vnf; ta&;,lrr&SbJ vm&mvrf; I d twdi;f jyefvnfapvTway;cJonfh k f h w&m;r0ifc;kd 0ifvmol ta&twGuf rSmvnf; &m*Pef;txdyif &SaecJh d onftwGuf pepfwus pdppfppfaq; h cGijhf yK&ef trSewu,f vdtyfaeqJ f k jzpfonfukd azmfe;f jyoaeyg T aMumif;/ odUk jzpfyg vuf&tajctae dS wGif &cdijf ynfe,f? armifawma'o k twGif; wpfzufEdkifiHae b*F gvD vlrsKd;rsm;\ w&m;r0if 0ifa&muf a&maxG; aexdirrsm;aMumifh k f I vwfwavmcGjJ cm;&ef cufconfh J tajctaersm;wGif EdiiawmfvjkH cHK k f H a&;ESihf trsKd;om;a&;vdtyfcsuf k hf kH t& c&D;oGm;vmcGiypH (4) jzifh pepfwus pdppfcGifhjyK&jcif;om jzpfygaMumif;jzifh ajzMum;onf/ 4if;aemuf trsK;d om;vTwawmf f Oya'Murf;aumfrwDOu| OD;jrndr;f u jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJ aumfr&SifOya'udk jyifqifonfh Oya'Murf;tay: trsKd;om; vTwfawmfOya'Murf;aumfrwD\ pdppfcsuftpD&ifcHpmtm; wifjyNyD; jynfaxmifpa&G;aumufyaumfr&Sif k JG Oya'udjk yifqifonfh Oya'rlMurf; ESipyfvsOf;onfh vuf&jdS y|mef; hf csuf? jyifqifrnfhjy|mef;csufESifh f trsKd;om;vTwawmf Oya'Murf; aumfrwD\ pdppftMuHjyKcsufwukd Ykd zwfMum;wifjyonf/ xdoUkd wifjy&mwGif jynfaxmifpk k a&G;aumufyaumfr&Sif Oya'udk JG jyifqifonfh Oya'rlMurf; yk'r f 3 ESipyfvsOf; hf ]]vTwfawmf a&G;aumufyGJrsm;udk usif;yEdkifa&; twGuvnf;aumif;? Edkiia&;ygwD f f H rsm;udk BuD;MuyfEdkifa&;twGuf vnf;aumif; Edkiiawmforwonf f H jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif udk zGJUpnf;&rnf/ ,if;odkU zGJUpnf; &mwGif aumfr&SifOu| tygt0if tenf;qHk;tzGJU0if (5)OD;udk cefUtyf wm0efay;tyfEkdionf}}[k jyifqif f a&;om;oifhygaMumif;/ yk'r 4 ESihf pyfvsOf; f jynfaxmifporwjrefrmEdiiawmf k k f H zGUJ pnf;yHtajccH Oya'yk'r 398 k f (c)yg tcsKdUtcsufrsm;udk yk'frcGJ (*) yk'rcGi,f 1 rS 4 txd vnf; f J aumif;? yk'rcGJ (i)ESihf yk'rcGJ (Z) f f tjzpfvnf;aumif; jznfpua&;om; h G f xm;onfudk awGU&Sd&onfhtwGuf a&G;aumufyaumfr&Si\ tqdjk yK JG f csufrm avsmfuef oifjh rwfyg S aMumif;/ wm0efay;tyfEdkif yk'r 6 ESipyfvsOf; yk'rcGJ f hf f (c)yg tqdjk yKjy|mef;csufukd tpm; xdk; xnfhoGif;jcif;jyK&ef roifhbJ yk'rwpfcwnf;jzifh aumfr&SiOu| f k f odUk r[kwf tzGUJ 0ifae&mvpfvyfvQif Ediiawmforwonf topfceftyf k f H Y wm0efay;tyfEionf/ xkoceftyf kd f d Ykd Y wm0efay;jcif;cH&aom aumfr&Sif Ou| odr[kwf tzGUJ 0if\ &mxl; Yk oufwrf;onf aumfr&Si\ usef&dS f onfh oufwrf;twGuomjzpfonf f [k jyefvnfa&;om;oifygaMumif;/ h yk'r 7 ESipyfvsOf; vuf&dS f hf jy|mef;csufygpmyd'ukd rlvtwdi;f k f k xm;&SdoifhygaMumif;/ yk'r 8 ESihf pyfvsOf; f jynfaxmifporwjrefrmEdiiawmf k k f H zGUJ pnf;yHtajccHOya'yk'fr 396 yg k wm0efEihf vkyyicirsm;udk yk'rcGJ S f kd f G hf f (n)tjzpf jznfpua&;om;xm; h G f aMumif; awGU&S& aumfr&Si\ d f jyifqifonfhjy|mef;csufrSm avsmf uefoifjh rwfygaMumif;jzifh zwfMum; wifjy&m jynfaxmifpa&G;aumufyJG k aumfr&SitzGUJ 0if OD;atmifjrifu f h tqkygOya'Murf;udk twnfjyK&ef d tqdkwifoGif;onf/ ,if;tqdkudk yJc;l wdi;f a'oBuD; rJqEe,ftrSwf k (8)rS a'gufwmcifarmifav;u axmufcHonf/ f ,if;aemuf trsK;d om;vTwawmf Ou|u jynfaxmifpa&G;aumufyJG k aumfr&SiOya'udk jyifqifonfh f Oya'rlMurf;yg jyifqifcsufrsm;udk wpfydk'fcsif;pDtvdkuf zwfMum; &Si;f vif;NyD; vTwawmf\ tqH;k f tjzwfu&,l&m vTwawmfu Oya' kd f f Murf;aumfrwD\ pdppfwifjycsursm; twdi;f Oya'Murf;udk twnfjyK k aMumif; qHk;jzwfonf/ qufvuf trsKd;om; vTwfawmf Oya'Murf;aumfrwD twGif;a&;rSL; OD;pHxGef;u tvkyf orm;tzGJUtpnf; Oya'Murf;ESifh pyfvsOf; Oya'Murf;aumfrwD\ tpD&ifcHpmudk zwfMum;&Si;f vif;NyD; tvkyorm;0efBu;D Xme jynfaxmifpk f 0efBuD; OD;atmifMunfu tqdkyg Oya'Murf;udk twnfjyK&ef tqdk wifoGif;onf/ ,if;tqdkudk vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;u axmufcHonf/ f ,if;aemuf trsK;d om;vTwawmf Ou|u jynfaxmifpa&G;aumufyJG k aumfr&SiOya'udk jyifqifonfh f Oya'rlMurf;yg jyifqifcsufrsm;udk wpfy'csif;pDtvduf zwfMum; kd f k &Si;f vif;NyD; vTwawmf\ tqk;H f tjzwfudk&,l&m vTwfawmfu Oya'Murf;udk twnfjyKaMumif; qkH;jzwfonf/ Mo*kwf26&ufaeYu&Sr;f jynfe,f rJqEe,ftrSwf (8)rS OD;Iarmif wifoGif;xm;onfh ]]opfawm o,HZmw rjyKef;wD;a&;ESihf obm0 ywf0ef;usifxe;odr;a&;udk tjynfh df f t0 umuG,fay;Edkifa&;twGuf opfawmOya'tm; jyifqifjy|mef; &ef jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tm; wd k u f w G e f ; aMumif ; }} tqdkudk vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (5)OD;wdkY u aqG;aEG;Muonf/ jyefvnfaqG;aEG;

pmrsufESm 9

rsm;onf ufzrf;qD; vStjzpf ta&;,lrI urf;ysuf g;vkyief; f if Oya' a&;,lrSm

pufw ifbmvywftwGuf rd;k av0oESifh ZvaA'cefUrSe;f csuf

aejynfawmf Mo*kwf 29 b*Fvm;yifv,fatmftajctae

uGuwif f G wmifEihf S wpf0dkuf&Sd

g;? ykpGef ig;rzrf;& owfrwf S &e,fajr aeaom wdiMf um; k ;ESitnD hf umif;/

ig;? ykpef G pa&;ESifh zrf;qD; g;zrf;qD; yduuuf k f G e) tm; wfxm;NyD; vQyfppfr;D ;jcif;rjyK (30-4umfjimpm xkwjf yef

&,ftpm; toH;k jyK xGucmrD f G pcef;rsm; rsm;tm; tcsKypcef;rsm;tm; ppfaq;MunfI f h wdi;f wm Ekionf[k jy|mef;xm;ygaMumif;? k d f &Syg xktwl 2010jynfEpf jynfaxmifpk d Yd h S w&m;pD&ifa&;Oya'vnf; txuf ig;rsKd; ygtwdi;f jy|mef;xm;ygaMumif;? k vmonfh odyg jynfaxmifpw&m;pD&ifa&; Yk k ynm&Si?f Oya'ESitnD aqmif&uvsu&yg hf G f f dS 0ifonfh aMumif;jzifh &Si;f vif;ajzMum;onf/ a&jyif\ a&maxG;aexdkif nfwnf&dS &ckijf ynfe,f rJqEe,ftrSwf d pmwrf; v 1 &uf (7)rS OD;Zm,m'fa&mfrH (c) OD;aX;0if; yEdicNhJ yD; u ]]&ckd i f j ynf e ,f ? armif a wm k f ig;o,H cdkif&Sd jynfaxmifpkzGm; a'ocH ;ud&,m jrefrmrlqvif rJqE&Sifrsm;onf d owfrwf vGwfvyfpGmc&D;oGm;vmEkdifjcif; r&Sd S ufem&ef MuygaMumif;? &cdkifjynfe,ftwGif; f d urf;ysuf wGiaomfvnf;aumif;? &ckijf ynfe,f tjcm;wkdif;a'oBuD;ESifh a&mufpm jyify G Y 37)csuf jynfe,frsm;odkvnf;aumif;? pD;yGm; I tqdyg a&;? ynma&;? usef;rma&;? vlra&; k if South- udpwpfckcktwGuf c&D;oGm;vkdvQif evelop- (e-p-u)\ a'oE & trd e f Y t & H ; a&&Snf (v-0-u)rS ykpH (4),lNyD; tuef Y ; ndEi;f towfjzifhom oGm;&ojzifh vlrI Id obm0 pD;yGm;a&;b0wGif vGefpGmtcuf a&&Snf tcJrsm;ESifh &ifqkdifae&ygaMumif;? rHrsm;yif ,if;tcuftcJudk ajyvnfatmif m;onf/ EkdifiHawmftpdk;&rS rnfuJhodkY ulnD

&efukefwdkif;a'oBuD; rJqEe,f trSwf (3) rS trsKd;om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm; vS,f OD;zke;jrifhatmif f ar;jref;pOf/ (owif;pOf)

weoFm&Dwkdif;a'oBuD; rJqEe,f trSwf (3) rS trsKd;om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm; vS,f OD;wifarmifjrifh ar;jref;pOf/ (owif;pOf)

wdjYk zifh pdppfaqmif&uNf yD; vlO;D a& G (180000)ausmukd jyefvnfvufcH f jcif;jyKcJygaMumif;? 1992 ckEp?f h S pufwifbmv 22 &ufrp ESpEiiH S f dk f oabmwlncsujf zifvnf; jyefvnf D h vufca&;vkyief;rsm; aqmif&uf H f G ay;cJ&m 2005 ckEp?f Zlvivtxd h S kd f vlO;D a& (230000)ausmf vufcH aqmif&uay;cJNh yD; jzpfygaMumif;? G f xdaemufyi;f ,aeYwif vufcpcef; k kd kd H zGixm;aomfvnf; hf w&m;0if jyefvnf0ifa&mufvmolr&SawmhbJ d I dk w&m;r0ifc;dk 0ifrrsm;rSmrl ,aeYwif &SaeqJjzpfygaMumif;? xkoYkd w&m; d d r0if xk;d azmuf0ifa&mufaexdirrsm; kfI onf qufpyfaeonfh e,fpyfa'o omru EkiitwGi;f ydi;f ae&mrsm; d f H k odyg a&muf&ysHUESUH aexdirrsm; Yk dS k f I &SdvmcJhygaMumif;/ odjYk zpfyg ,if;jzpfpOfrsm; t& EdiiawmfvjHk cKH a&;ESihf trsK;d om; k f H a&;wm0eft& vwfwavmcGjJ cm;&ef cufconftwGuf c&D;oGm;vmcGifh J h ykpH (4)udk tok;H jyKc&D;oGm;vm H G aponfenf;jzifh pdppfaqmif&uf h ae&jcif;jzpfygaMumif;/ c&D;oGm;vmcGihf ykHpH (4)udk tokH;jyKjcif;onf c&D;oGm;vmcGifh

,if;tqdkESifh pyfvsOf; taemufawmifrwoavonf pufwifbmv 'kw, 10 &ufywf k f kH d opfawma&;&m 0efBuD;Xme twGif; jrefrmEdkifiHajrmufydkif;a'orsm;ESifh jrefrmEdkifiHtv,fydkif; jynfaxmifp0efBuD; OD;0if;xGe;f u k a'orsm;rSvnf;aumif;? pufwifbmv wwd, 10 &ufywftwGi;f jrefrmEdiiwif opfawmOya'udk k f H G jrpf0uRef;ay:a'orsm;rSvnf;aumif; qkwfcGmoGm;zG,f&m&Sdonf/ 1902 ckEprpwif xkwjf yef S f S b*Fvm;yifv,fatmfwif avzdtm;enf;&yf0ef; ESpBf urjf zpfay: G d jy|mef;cJNh y;D acwfumvtajctae EdkifNyD; wpfBudrfwGif ydkrdktm;aumif;vmum rkefwdkif;i,ftjzpfodkU ESihf vduavsmnDaxGjzpfap&ef k f a&muf&SdEdkifonf/ uyvDyifv,fjyifESifh b*Fvm;yifv,fatmfwdkU vnf;aumif;? ukvor* tyg wGif rkwfoHkav tm;tenf;i,frS tm;toifhtwifh&SdEdkifonf/ t0if Ediiwum tzGUJ tpnf;rsm; k f H rdk;tajctaeESifh rdk;&Gm&uf wGif yg0ifvufrwa&;xd;k aqmif&uf S f G &onfh y#dnmOfyg jy|mef;csufrsm; ppfui;f wdi;f a'oBuD;atmufyi;f ? rEav;wdi;f a'oBuD;? rauG; kd k kd k t&vnf ; aumif ; ? 1902 ck E S p f wdi;f a'oBuD;ESihf u,m;jynfe,fwwif &GmoGe;f jrJatmufavsmhum? k Ykd G Oya'udk 1992 ckEpwif topf S f G &efuewi;f a'oBuD;? {&m0wDwi;f a'oBuD;? csif;jynfe,f? u&if k f dk kd jyifqifjy|mef;cJhNyD; 2005 ckESpfrS jynfe,fEihf rGejf ynfe,fwwif &GmoGe;f jrxufyNkd y;D usewi;f a'oBu;D S Ykd G J f kd pwif xyfrjH yifqifa&; pDrH ESifh jynfe,fwdkYwGif &GmoGef;jrJcefY &GmEdkifonf/ aqmif&ucygaMumif;? ,cktcg G f hJ kd k kd k ppfui;f wdi;f a'oBuD;atmufyi;f ? rEav;wdi;f a'oBuD;? rauG; vuf&dS zGUJ pnf;yktajccHOya'yg H wdi;f a'oBuD;ESihf u,m;jynfe,fwwif 10 &ufrS 12 &ufcefY k Ykd G jy|mef;csu?f acwfumvvdtyfcsuf k &efuewi;f a'oBuD;? {&m0wDwi;f a'oBuD;? csif;jynfe,f? u&if k f kd kd rsm;ESifhtnD pdppfjyifqifNyD; jynfe,fEihf rGejf ynfe,fwwif 16 &ufrS 20 &ufcefEihf usefwi;f S Ykd G Y S kd jynfaxmifpa&SUaecsKyf;Hk odYk ay;ydYk k a'oBuD;ESifhjynfe,fwdkYwGif 13 &ufrS 15 &uftxd&GmEdkifonf/ nEi;f aqmif&uNf y;D jzpfygaMumif;? d dI G jrpf a &tajctae xdtjyif ywf0ef;usifxe;f odr;f a&; Yk d Oya'udk tcsdef,la&;qGJNyD; {&m0wDjrpfa&onf rEav;NrdKU? ppfui;f NrdKU? yckuL NrdKU? anmifO;D kd EdkifiHawmftpdk;&xH wifjyxm;NyD; NrKd U? [oFmwNrKd UESihf ZvGeNf rKd Uwdwif wpfBurcefp?D csi;f wGi;f jrpfa&onf Yk G d f Y jzpfygaMumif;jzifh jyefvnfajz&Si;f f Y armfvuNf rdKU? uav;0NrdKUESihf rH&mNrdKUwdUk wGif wpfBudrcefp?D ppfawmif; kd k G aqG;aEG;onf/ jrpfa&onf awmifiNl rdKUESihf ra'gufNrdKUwdUk wGif wpfBudrcefUpD? 'k|0wD f ,if;tqdEiywfouf obm0 k S hf jrpfa&onf jrpfi,fNrKd UwGif wpfBurcef?Y oHvijf rpfa&onf bm;tHNrdKU d f G ywf0ef;usifxe;f odr;f a&; Oya' d wGif wpfBudrcefEihf i0efjrpfa&onf ig;odi;f acsmif;NrdKUwGif wpfBudrf f Y S k rlMurf;udk twnfjyK&ef vTwawmf f cefY ,if;NrdKUrsm;\ pd;k &dra&trSwtoD;oD;odUk a&muf&EiaMumif; f f dS kd f odkY wifjyxm;NyD;jzpfonfhtwGuf rd;k av0oESihf ZvaA'nTeMf um;rIO;D pD;Xmeu owif;xkwjf yefxm; ,if;tqdkyg obm0ywf0ef;usif onf/ (rdk;^Zv) xde;f odr;f a&;udk tjynft0umuG,f h ay;Edia&;[lonfh pum;&yfukd k f y,fzsufNyD; opfawmo,HZmw rjyKef;wD;a&;twGuf opfawm Oya'tm; jyifqifjy|mef;&ef jynfaxmifptpd;k &tm; wduwe;f k k f G aMumif;tqdukd k vTwawmfu f twnfjyKaMumif; aMunmonf/ &efukef Mo*kwf 29 eHeuf 10 em&Du arSmbND rdKUe,f f ,if;aemuf yxrtBudrf d H S trsKd;om;vTwawmf 'kw,ykref f &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD; arSmfbD usef;rma&;OD;pD;Xme tpnf;ta0; tpnf;ta0; q|raeYudk nae NrdKUe,f 2011 ckEpf tm[m& cef;rwGiusif;y&m NrdKUe,fusef;rm f S 4 em&Dwif &yfem;vduNf yD; tpnf; zGUH NzdK;a&; &ufowywfvy&m;rI a&; BuD;MuyfraumfrwD Ou| G k I I f S ta0;owraeYukd 2011 ckEpf tcrf;tem;ukd Mo*kwf 24 &uf OD;ausmp;kd vGiEihf NrKd Ue,fuse;f rma&; S f f S Mo*kwf 30 &uf t*F gaeY eHeuf 10 em&Dwif qufvufusif;yoGm; G rnf jzpfonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif vTwfawmf ud,pm;vS,rsm; ar;jref;onfh k f f ar;cGe;f (7)ck udk oufqi&m kd f jynfaxmifp0efBu;D rsm;u jyefvnf k ajzMum;jcif;? Oya'Murf; ESpcukd f k twnfjyKjcif;ESifh Mo*kwf 26 &uf aeYu wifoi;f cJonfh tqdk (1)ck G h udk twnfjyKjcif;wdukd aqmif&uf Yk G cJhaMumif; awGU&Sd&onf/ (owif;pOf) OD;pD;XmerSL; a'gufwmausmfNidr;f u tm[m&zGHUNzdK;a&; &ufowywf vkyfief;rsm;taMumif; &Sif;vif; ajymMum;onf/ Mo*kwf 15 &ufu rk'kHNrdKU rif;wef;&yfae OD;xGef;BudKifxdaemuf Yk usef;rma&;rSL; a':yef;Munfrdom;pku bkd;bGm;&dyfomaiGya'omyiftwGuf tqifh (1) OD;jrifp;kd u tm[m& h aiGusyfwpfodef;ukd trIaqmiftzGJUOu| OD;vSodef;xH ay;tyf jynfvQif a&m*gpif? aysm&iuse;f rm h fT f pOf/ (NrKd Ue,f jyef^quf) pdwcsr;f om acgif;pOfjzifh a[majym f dS l k f Ny;D wm0ef&orsm;u ud,0efaqmif rdcifEihf Edwurcifrsm;udk oH"mwf S Yk kd f d aq;jym;? bD0rf;? tdit'if;qm;ESihf k f kd tm[m&rsm; axmufyay;tyfchJ hH aMumif; od&Sd&onf/ (NrdK Ue,f jyef^quf)

tm[m&zGHU NzdK;a&; &ufowywftcrf;tem;

arSmfbDNrdKY e,f usif;y

ay;tyf

Avig;wefzGHU NzdK;zdkY pmtkypmay f avhvmpdYk

30-8 (08-09).pmd

8/30/2011, 4:06 AM

2-9-2011
C pmrsufESm 4 rS Ediiawmftpk;d &u aqmif&Gufvsuf k f H &SaMumif;} ajzMum;cJaomfvnf; bl;oD; d h awmifEiarmifawmNrKd Ue,frsm;\ a'ocH S hf bmompum;ESihf "avhx;kH pHuem;vnf kd aom ZmwdE,zm; a'ocHq&m? q&mr G f G rsm;&&Sdatmif rnfuJhodkYaqmif&Guf vsu&onfukd od&vaMumif; ar;cGe;f ESihf f dS dS kd &ck d i f j ynf e ,f armif a wmcd k i f \ ynma&;edrfhusaerIonf EdkifiHawmf bufpzUHG NzKd ;wd;k wufa&;ESihf vlaerIb0 kH jrifrm;a&;udk rsm;pGm[efwm;aeygojzifh h Y Ediiawmftpd;k &u rnfoaqmif&uay; k f H Ykd G f Edirnfukd od&vaMumif; ar;cGe;f rsm;ESihf k f dS kd pyfvsO;f &ckijf ynfe,f bl;oD;awmif d ESifh armifawmNrdKUe,frsm;rS wuodkvf 0ifpmar;yGJatmifjrifolrsm;onf rdrd BudKufESpfouf&m toufarG;0rf; ausmif; wuodkvf? aumvdyf? odyH ausmif;rsm;odYk wufa&mufoif,Eif l kd MuygaMumif;? tqdkyg wuodkvf? aumvdyf? odyHausmif;rsm;odkY wuf a&mufEi&eftwGuf owfrwxm;aom kd f S f wuodkvf0ifpmar;yGJ atmifjrifonfh &rSwfjynfhrD&efvkdtyfNyD; wuodkvf 0ifcihf pdppfa&G;cs,a&;tzGUJ \ Oya'? G f pnf;rsOf;? pnf;urf;rsm;ESifhvnf; nDGwf&efvdktyfygaMumif;/ 'kwd,ar;cGef;ESifhpyfvsOf; bl;oD; awmifNrKdUe,fESifh armifawmNrdKUe,f&Sd tajccHynmausmif;rsm;wGif cefYxm; aom q&m^q&mrtrsm;pkrm a'ocH S rsm;jzpfygaMumif;? tjcm;a'orS vm a&muf wm0efxrf;aqmifol tenf; i,fom&SdygaMumif;? ZeD;? cifyGef;? rdbrsm;ajymif;a&TU wm0efxrf;aqmif &modkY ,m,Dvma&mufwm0efxrf; aqmifaeMujcif;om jzpfygaMumif;? wm0efNyD;qHk;onfhtcg rdrda'oodkY jyefMu&rnfholrsm; jzpfygaMumif;? &ckdifjynfe,f&Sd NrdKUe,f(17)cktwGif;&Sd a'ocHq&m^ q&mrrsm;onf rdrdwdkY wm0efus&m NrdKUe,frsm;odkY &mxl; tvduom;a&mufwm0ef xrf;aqmif k f G aeMujcif;? rdrdwdkYarG;&yfa'owGif wm0efxrf;aqmif&ouJhodkY tjcm;NrdKU e,frsm;odkYoGm;a&muf wm0efxrf; aqmifMu&jcif;om jzpfygaMumif;? &ckdifjynfe,ftwGif;om rdrd&mxl; wm0efae&mtavsmuf oGm;a&muf wm0ef xrf;aqmifaeMu&ygaMumif;? xkdenf;wl bl;oD;awmif? armifawm arG;zGm;olrsm;vnf; tjcm;a'owGif &mxl;wdk; oGm;a&mufwm0efxrf; aqmifaeMuolrsm;&SdouJhodkY tjcm; a'orS bl;oD;awmif? armifawm vma&muf wm0efxrf;aqmifMuol rsm;vnf; &SdygaMumif;/ ynma&;0efBuD;Xme\ oifwef; om; a&G;cs,fa&;? 0efxrf;cefYxm; a&;rlt& bl;oD;awmifEihf armifawm S NrKd Ue,frS a'ocHrsm;udom a&G;cs,cefU k f xm;&ef rjzpfEdkifygaMumif;? &ckdifjynf e,fwpfckvHk;rS rdrdwkdY&mxl;ae&m tvdkuf wm0eft&oGm;a&mufxrf; aqmifMu&ygaMumif;? tjcm;aom wdkif;a'oBuD;? jynfe,frsm;wGifvnf; rdrdwdkif;a'oBuD; r[kwfaomfvnf; tqifajyaomenf;jzifh vkyief;u@ f tvdkuftqifajyatmif wm0eft& oGm;a&mufwm0ef xrf;aqmifaeMu &ygaMumif;? a'ocH q&m^ q&mrrsm; cefxm;a&;ESiywfouf ,cifuynm Y hf a&;XmewG i f q&m^q&mrtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifvdkdolrsm;\ qEjyK v avQmufvmrsm;t&cefxm;cJygaMumif;? T Y YJ ,cktcg ynma&;aumvdyqif;olrsm; fqif udoma&G;cs,cefxm;ygaMumif;? ynm k f Y a&;aumvdyoifwef; wufa&mufcihf f G a&G;cs,f&mwGif cdkiftvkduf tcsKdKd;us cGa0pepfjzifh usm;^rtcsKdK;d ? bmom&yf J tcsKdKd;t&a&G;cs,f oifwef;wuf a&muf a&mufapNyD; oifwef;qif;olrsm;udk ae&mvpfvyfrItay:rlwnf rdrd a'o OD;pm;ay;jyefvnfcefYxm;yg aMumif;? oifwef;om;a&G;cs,f&mwGif owfrSwfxm;aom Oya'? pnf;rsOf; pnf;urf;rsm;ESifh nDGwfygu rnfol rqdk pmar;yGJ0ifa&mufajzqdkcGifh&Sdyg aMumif;/ wwd,ar;cGef;ESifh pyfvsOf; wuov0if pmar;yGatmifcsu&mcdif kd f J f k EIef;onf yHkrSef&Sdaejcif;rsdK; r[kwfbJ twuftus? tenf;trsm;uGm[rI&dS aernfjzpfygaMumif;? wuov0if kd f pmar;yGatmifcsuf &mcdiEe;f onf J k f I ausmif;om;^ausmif;olrsm;\ oif,l avhvmBuKd ;pm; tm;xkwrtay:wGif f I rlwnfygaMumif;? ESptvduf wuovf f k kd 0ifpmar;yGJ atmifcsuf&mcdkifEIef;rSm 2009 ckESpfwGif bl;oD;awmif NrdKUe,f (19'or95)&mcdkifEIef;? armifawm NrKd Ue,f (17'or27) &mcdiEe;f ? 2010 k f I jynfhESpfwGif bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f (22'or87) &mckiEe;f ? armifawm d f I NrdKUe,f(18'or85)&mcdkifEIef;? 2011 ckEpwif bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f (20'or Sf G 41)&mckdifEIef;? armifawmNrdKUe,f (17'or05) &mcdkifEIef;jzpfygaMumif;? armifawmNrdKUe,fwGif txu(5) ausmif;? txu(cG)(3)ausmif;? tvu J (8)ausmif;? tvu(cGJ)(1) ausmif;? wG J z uf t vu(1)ausmif ; ? rl ^ vG e f (16)ausmif;? tru(125)ausmif; wdkYudkvnf;aumif;? bl;oD;awmifNrdKU e,fwGif txu (3) ausmif;? txu (cGJ)(1)ausmif;? wGJzuftxu (2)ausmif;? tvu(3)ausmif;? tvu(cG J ) (3)ausmif ; ? rl ^ vG e f ausmif;(20)? tru(122) ausmif; wdkYudkvnf;aumif; zGifhvSpfxm;NyD; jzpfygaMumif;? armifawmcdkifwGif tajccHynmausmif;rsm; vHavmufpm k G zGivpxm;Ny;D q&m^q&mrrsm;jynfpkH hf S f h pGmcefYxm;NyD;jzpfyg ynma&; edrfhusrIr&SdygaMumif;jzifh jyefvnf ajzMum;onf/ vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (2)OD;\ vl0ifrBI u;D Muyfa&;u@qdi&mar;cGe;f k f (3)ckudkvl0ifrIBuD;Muyfa&;ESifh jynfolY tiftm;0efBuD;Xme jynfaxmifpk 0efBu;D OD;cif&u jyefvnfajzMum;onf/ D armifawmrJqEe,frS OD;aZmfud&f tmruf(c)OD;atmifaZmf0if;\ &ckdif jynfe,f armifawmcdkif&Sd a'ocH jynfaxmifpzm; jrefrmrlpvifrsm;tm; axmif k G EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u ,m,DEdkifiHom; oufaocHuwfjym; (tjzLa&mif uwf)rsm;udk EdkifiHom;pdppfa&; uwfjym; (yef;a&mifuwf)rsm;jzifh rnfonftcsewif vJvS,fxkwfay; h d f G rnf u d k o d & S d v d k a Mumif ; ar;cG e f ; ES i f h pyfvsOf; a'ocHjrefrmrlpvifrsm; qdonfh toH;k tEIe;f onf ,if;a'o k aexkdifaom b*FgvDvlrsdK;rsm;udk &nfe;f ajymqdjk cif;jzpfrnf[k ,lqyg T aMumif;? wnfqJOya't& vlwpfOD; wpfa,mufonf EdkifiHESpfck\EkdifiH om;tjzpf wpfNydKifwnf;cH,lcGifhr&Sd onfhtwGuf jrefrmEdkifiHom;tjzpf udom cH,rnfqygu tjcm;Ediiom; k l kd k f H jzpfaerIudk w&m;0ifpGefYvTwf&rnfjzpf ygaMumif;? oufqkdif&mEdkifiHOya't& xkdEdkifiH\EdkifiHom;rjzpf&ef vdktyfyg aMumif;? ,if;odkYaqmif&Guf&mwGif rl & if ; vl r sd K ;ES i f h ouf q d k i f a om oufqi&mEdiijH cm;oH;kH if;Edii\ kd f k f k f H EdkifiHom;tjzpf rSwfyHkwifxm;jcif; r&SdaMumif;ESifh if;EdkifiH\EdkifiHul; vufrSwfudk xkwf,lxm;jcif; r&Sd aMumif; ponfh taxmuftxm;rsm; wifjy&rnfjzpfygaMumif;? vuf&Sd twnfjyKjy|mef;xm;onfh 1982 ckEpf S jrefrmEdkifiHom; Oya'yk'fr 3 wGif ]]Ediiawmfwiyg0ifaom e,fajrwpfc k f H G f k jrefrmou&mZf 1185 ckESpf? c&pf 1823- S ou&mZf 1823-ckEpf rwdirumvrS k f D p yif&if;Ediitjzpf tjraexkicaom k f H J d f hJ ucsi?f u,m;? u&if? csi;f ? Arm? rGe?f &cki?f &Sr;f ponfwi;f &if;om;rsm;ESihf d h kd rsd K ;EG , f p k r sm;onf jref r mEd k i f i H o m; jzpfonf}} [k azmfjyxm;jcif;aMumifh Oya'azmfjycsufwGifyg&Sdonfh wdkif; &if;om;rsm;ESifh rsdK;EG,fpkrsm; r[kwf ygu Ediiom;tjzpf ckirmpGmtwnfjyK k f H d f Edkifatmif qufvufaqmif&u&rnfh G f taxmuftxm;rsm;udk wifjy&rnfh vkyfief;pOfrsm;usef&Sdaeao;onfudk today;ajymMum; vdkygaMumif;/ Ediiom; pdppfa&;uwfxway;jcif; k f H k f f vkyief;udk vlrsK;d ? bmomtay:tajccH aqmif&Gufay;jcif; r[kwfbJ 1982 ckESpf atmufwkdbm 15 &ufu twnfjyKjy|mef;cJhaom jrefrmEdkifiH om;Oya'yg owfrwjf y|mef;xm;onfh S EdkifiHom; t&nftcsif;jynfhrDjcif; &S^r&Sqaom tcsutay:tajccHNy;D d d kd f xkwfay;&jcif;jzpfygaMumif;? 1982 ckESpf jrefrmEdkifiHom;Oya'yg jrefrm EdkifiHom;t&nftcsif; owfrSwfcsuf rsm;ESifhywfoufNyD; Mo*kwf 26 &ufu oCFef;uRef;rJqEe,frS jynfolY vTwawmf ud,pm;vS,f OD;ode;f Ge\ f k f Yf ar;jref;csuukd ajzMum;cJpOfu tao; f h pdwf&Sif;jycJhNyD;jzpfygaMumif;? um,uH &Sitaejzifh Ediiom;tjzpf tusK;H 0if f k f H aMumif; bkd;bGm;? rdbwdkY\ taxmuf txm;rsm; wduscdkifrmpGm wifjy EdkifrSom EdkifiHom;pdppfa&;uwfjym; &&SdEdkifrnfjzpfouJhodkY rdrd0efxrf; rsm;bufu EdkifiHom;jzpfaMumif; taxmuftxm;cdirmpGm wifjyEdiol k f k f udkom EdkifiHom;pdppfa&;uwfjym; xkwfay;EdkifrnfjzpfygaMumif;? 1982 ckESpf jrefrmEdkifiHom;Oya'ESifh 1940 jynfEpf EdiijH cm;om;rsm;rSwywifa&; h S k f f kH tufOya'wdkYt& jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; aexkiowpfO;D OD;onf Oya'ESitnD d f l hf EdkifiHom; pdppfa&;uwfjym; odkYr[kwf {nfhEdkifiHom;vufrSwf odkYr[kwf EdkifiH om;jyKcivufrwf odr[kwf EdiijH cm; G hf S Yk k f om;rSwfyHkwifvufrSwfESifh ,m,D oufaocHvufrSwf wpfrsKd;rsKd;udk udkifaqmifMu&rnf jzpfygaMumif;? EdkifiHom; okdYr[kwf {nfhEdkifiHom; odr[kwf Ediiom;jyKci&ol odr[kwf kY k f H G hf Yk EdkifiHjcm;om;jzpfaMumif; taxmuf txm; jynfhpHkpGm rwifjyEdkifolrsm;udk Ediiom;oHo,tjzpf ,m,Dowfrwf k f H S &rnf j zpf N yD ; ,m,D o uf a ocH vufrSwfrsm; xkwfay;udkifaqmifMu &rnfjzpfygaMumif;? ,if;uJoYkd Oya'ESihf h tnDudkifaqmifoihfonfh uwfjym; wpfrsK;d rsK;d &&SuiaqmifEi&eftwGuf d kd f kd f 1982 ckESpf jrefrmEdkifiHom;Oya'yg owfrSwfcsufESifh udkufnDygu ]]EdkifiHom;? {nfhEdkifiHom;? EdkifiHom; jyKci&olqi&m pHprf;ppfaq;a&;tzGUJ }} G hf kd f k \axmufccsujf zifh Ediiom;jyKci&ol H k f H G hf tjzpf avQmufxm;Mu&rnfjzpfyg aMumif;? xdjYk yif 1983 ckESpf EdkifiHom; jyKcGifh&olqdkif&m vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm; tydk'f(46)ESifhtnD avQmufxm;Edkif onfudkvnf; today;ajymMum;vdkyg aMumif;? xkdodkY avQmufxm;olrsm; twGuf wdkif;a'oBuD;^jynfe,fESifh NrdKUe,ftqifhrsm;wGif taxmuf tuljyK pdppfMuyfrwfay;Edkif&efESifh ulnDaqmif&Gufay;Edkif&ef tzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;ay;xm;NyD;jzpfygaMumif;/ Ediiom;oHo,&Sorsm;\ avQmuf k f H d l xm;csutay:2009ckEpf Ed0ifbm 24 f S k &ufrSp ,aeYtxd (105051) OD;tm; EdkifiHom;jyKcGifh&oltjzpf aqmif&Gufay;cJhNyD;jzpfygaMumif;? ,ck tcg &ckdifjynfe,f armifawmcdkif wpfckwnf;twGufomru EdkifiH wpf0ef;&Sd aoG;aESmjynfolrsm;twGuf &oifonftodtrSwjf yK vufrwwpf h h S f rsKd;rsKd; xkwfay;Edkifa&;twGuf Oya'? enf;Oya'? vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;ESifh tnD trIwGJrsm;wnfaqmufjcif;? tcsdef,lpdppfjcif;rsm; aqmif &Guvsu&onfuvnf; today;ajym f f dS kd Mum;vdkygaMumif;? wpfzufEdkifiHrS b*FgvDrsm;onf enf;rsKd;pHkjzifh w&m; r0if 0ifa&mufjcif;? ul;vl;? qufqH aygif;oif;aexkirrsm;aMumifh rdrEiiH d f I d kd f buf j crf ; cG J j cm;&ef c uf c J a om vlOD;a&a&maxG;rIrsm; trSefwu,f &Saeonfqonfh tcsursm;aMumifh d kd f EdkifiHawmfvHkjcHKa&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&; vdtyfcsursm;t& pepfwustcse,l k f d f pdppf&aom vkyfief;onfvnf; trSef wu,f vdktyfaeqJjzpfygaMumif;? odkYjzpf ta&;BuD;aom EdkifiHom; pdppfa&;uwf vJvS,fxkwfay;Edkifa&; vkyief;rsm;tm; um,uH&irsm;buf f S f u owfrSwfcsufESifhtnD taxmuf txm;rsm; wifjyEdkifa&;onf t"du vdktyfcsuf jzpfaeygaMumif;ESifh owfrSwfjy|mef; Oya'rsm;ESifhtnD oifhavsmfonfh tcsewif vkyief;rsm; d f G f vG,fulacsmarGUapa&;twGuf pDpOf aqmif&GufoGm;rnf jzpfygaMumif;jzifh ajzMum;onf/ bl ; oD ; awmif r J q E e ,f r S OD ; a&T armif(c) OD;t'la&mfZuf\ &cdkif jynfe,f bl;oD;awmif? armifawma'orS (90)&mcdiEe;f cef&aom a'ocHrsm; k f I Y dS onf use;f rma&;? vlra&;? pD;yGm;a&;udp I rsm;twGuf &efukefNrdKUodkY c&D;oGm; vdvQif bl;oD;awmif? armifawma'orS k ppfawGNrKd Uoda&mufatmif w&m;r0if Yk ay;&aiGusy(3)aomif;cefY ukeuscNH y;D f f k ppfawGNrdKUrS &efueNf rKd UodYk a&mufatmif f w&m;r0if ay;&aiG usy(4)ode;f ukef uscHae&ygojzifh xkdudpudkyaysmuf atmif EdkifiHawmftpkd;&u rnfuJhodkY aqmif&Gufay;Edkifrnfudk od&Sdvdk aMumif; ar;cGef;ESifh armifawmcdkif twGif;&Sd bk;d bGm;pOfqufaexkiol d f a'ocHjrefrmrlpvifrsm;tay: EdkifiH jcm;om;rsm;twGuf jy|mef;aomOya' aMumif;t& (v0u yHkpH-4) jzifh ta&;,ltrdexwxm;aMumif;udk tpd;k & Yf k f taejzifh rnfuJhodkYta&;,laqmif &Gurnfukd od&vaMumif; ar;cGef;rsm; f dS kd ESifhpyfvsOf; bl;oD;awmif? armifawma'orS ppfawGEi&efueukd S hf k f oGm;a&muf&m vrf;wpfavQmufwGif wpfzufEdkifiHae b*FgvDrsm; w&m; r0ifckd;0ifrI umuG,fwm;qD;Edkifa&; twGuf vHkNcHKa&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&; vktyfcsut& vdtyfonfae&mrsm; d f k h ppfaq;Muyfrwfjcif; vkyfief;rsm;udk xdxda&mufa&muf aqmif&GufEdkif&ef twGuf oufqdkifonfhXmeaygif;pHk yg0ifaom yl;aygif;tzGJUrsm;jzifh pdppf? ppfaq;jcif;rsm; aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdyg aMumif;? epfemolrsm;&Sdygu um,uH &Sifrsm; taejzifh tcsdef? ae&m tyg t0ifwdusrSefuefonfh taxmuf txm;rsm;jzifh w&m;0ifwkdifMum;rI jyKvy&rnfjzpfygaMumif;? vmbfay; k f vmbf,jl yKvyygu wdiMf um;EdiaMumif; k f k k f udk vufurf;pmapmifrsm; oef;ESifhcsD jzefYa0today;jcif;? vlod&SifMum; aeYpOf&ufquf uGif;qif;today; a[majymjcif;? jrefrmhyjf rifoMH um;ESihf k jr0wDkyfoHrsm;wGif awGUqHkar;jref; cef;rsm;jyKvkyfNyD; wdkifMum;Edkifonfh w,fvDzkef;? zufpfeHygwfrsm;udk w&m; 0iftoday;xkwfjyefjcif;? *sme,f? r*Zif;rsm;wGif today;azmfjyjcif;? Xmeydif Website vTiwiftoday;jcif; k hf ponfwdkYudk aqmif&Gufay;vsuf&Sdyg aMumif;? epfemolrsm;taejzifh wdiMf um; k EdkifygaMumif;ESifh tjyKoabm tBuH Pfrsm;ay;jcif;udvnf; 0rf;yef;wom k vufcHygaMumif;? EdkifiHwpf0ef; xkwf azmfajymqdaqmif&uaeonfuvnf; k G f kd owdjyKrMd urnf[k ,HMk unfygaMumif;/ ,aeYtcsdefxd wdkif;a'oBuD;ESifh jynfe,frsm;rS a'ocHjynfolaygif; rsm;pGmu r&Sif;vif;onfrsm;udk ar;jref;jcif;? jyKjyifay;apvdonfrsm;udk k today;jcif;jzifh 0kdif;0ef;yl;aygif;ulnD aqmif&Gufay;jcif;rsm;vnf; jyKvkyf vsuf&SdaeMuygaMumif;? Xmetaejzifh xkwfjyefxm;aom TefMum;csufudk aoGznf aqmif&urrsm;jyKvyconfh G f I k f hJ 0efxrf;(12)OD;tm; Zlvdkif 1 &ufaeYrS p pDrHcsufumvtwGif; xkwfy,f jcif;? tqifhavQmhcsjcif;? e,fajymif; jcif;paom tjypfay;ta&;,ljcif; rsm;udkvnf; jyKvkyfcJhNyD;jzpfygaMumif;? xkdYaMumifh taxmuftxm;tjynfh tpHkjzifh azmfjywdkifMum;vmygu pepfwus pdppfazmfxkwfNyD; rSefuef ygu ta&;,loGm;&ef toifh&Sdyg aMumif;ESifhaumif;rGefaom tkyfcsKyfrI (Good Governance)ESihf oef&i;aom Y S f tpdk;&(Clean Government) jzpfxGef; ay:aygufapa&;twGuf tBuD;tuJ rsm;\ TefMum;csufrsm;ESifhtnD vkdufem aqmif&Gufaeonfudkvnf; od&SdapvdkygaMumif;/ 'kwd,ar;cGef;ESifh pyfvsOf; wpfzufEkdifiHrS b*FgvDvlrsdK;rsm;\ w&m;r0ifx;dk azmuf0ifa&muf aexdif k vmMujcif;onf qufpyfaeaom e,fpyfa'oudkomru wpfpxuf wpfpwpfqifhwufNyD; EdkifiHtwGif; ydkif;odkYyg w&m;r0ifwdk;csJU 0ifa&muf vmMu&m ucsifjynfe,f? u&ifjynf e,f? &Srf;jynfe,f? rGefjynfe,ftyg t0if ,cktcg EdkifiHtwGif;ydkif; ae&mrsm;pGmodkY a&muf&SdysHUESHYaexdkifrI rsm;&SdvmcJhNyDjzpfygaMumif;? xkdYaMumifh EdkifiHawmfvHkNcHKa&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&; vdtyfcsutjzpf vwfwavmcGjJ cm;&ef k f cufcJonfhtwGuf ,ckuJhodkY c&D; oGm;vmcGiyp(4)udtoH;k jyK c&D;oGm; hf kH H k vmaponfhenf;udk pdppfaqmif&Guf ae&jcif;jzpfouJoYkd vduemrI&atmif h k f dS vnf; MuyfMuyfrwfrwf aqmif&Guf& k f H jcif;yif jzpfygaMumif;? EdiitwGi;f c&D; oGm;vmMu&mwGif rnfolrqdka&muf&Sd wnf;cdkaexkdifaomae&mrsm; pepf wus{nfpm&if; wdiMf um;aexki&jcif;? h k d f xyfwkd;cGifhawmif;cH&jcif;? rvdkufem ygu wnfqJOya't& ta&;,lEdkif jcif;ponfhpepfonf EdkifiHawmf vHkjcHKa&;t& aqmif&Gufae&onfh pepf w pf c k j zpf y gaMumif ; ? ,if ; od k Y pdppfMuyfrwfaeonfMh um;uyif 2005 ckEprS 2011ckEpf Mo*kwf 29 &uftxd S f S jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;odkY w&m;r0if 0ifa&mufol wpfzufEiiom; (278) kd f H OD;udk ae&mtEHSY pdppfazmfxkwf zrf;qD; ta&;,lEdkifcJhygaMumif;? okjYd zpf pepfwuspppf ppfaq;cGijhf yK d &efESifh vdkufemapa&; Muyfrwf&ef vnf; trSewu,fvkd tyfaeqJjzpfyg f aMumif;/ c&D;oGm;vmcGifhyHkpH(4)udk toHk;jyK jcif;onf c&D;oGm;vmcGifhydwfyifjcif; r[kwfygaMumif;? pepfwus ppfaq; cGifhjyKonfhpepfudk usifhoHk;jcif;om jzpfygaMumif;? pepfwGif NrdKUe,f twGif; rdrdoGm;vdk&mae&mudk vGwvyfpm oGm;vmEdici&ygaMumif;? f G k f G hf dS jynfe,ftwGif; NrdKUausmfoGm;vmrnf qdkygu NrdKUe,fOD;pD;rSL;^cdkifOD;pD;rSL;^ jynfe,fOD;pD;rSL;wdkYxH cGifhjyKcsuf&,lNyD; avQmufxm; oGm;vmEdkifNyD; jynfe,f ausmfoGm;rnfqdkygu jynfe,frSL;\ axmufcHrIjzifh a'otmPmydkif tzGJUodkY wifjycGifhjyKcsufjzifhcGifhjyKay; vsuf&SdygaMumif;? vuf&Sdtajctae txd owfrwcsuEijhf ynfpaom c&D; S f f S h kH oGm;vmcGitm;vH;k udk cGijhf yKay;vsu&dS hf f ygaMumif;? ynmoifMum;cGi?hf use;f rm a&;? vlra&; ponfh udprsm;wGivnf; I f vdktyfcsuftay:rlwnfNyD; a&muf onfae&mrS wifjycsutay: xyfw;kd h f cGifhjyKjcif;rsm;vnf; jyKvkyfay;vsuf&Sd ygaMumif;? xdkYaMumifh EdkifiHawmfvHkjcHK a&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&;vdktyfcsuft& qufpyfe,fajrrSwpfqifh a&maxG;NyD; w&m;r0if ckd;0ifvmrnfh b*FgvDvlrsKd; rsm;udk wm;qD;Edkif&eftwGuf v0u yHkpH(4)udk ,if;a'oae b*FgvDvlrsKd; rsm;twGuf toHk;jyKaeMujcif;jzpf&m vdktyfcsuft& Muyfrwfaqmif&Guf ae&jcif;om jzpfygaMumif;jzifh jyefvnfajzMum;onf/ tqdaqG;aEG;jcif;u@wGif ,refaeY k uwifoGif;cJhaom csDazGrJqEe,frS OD ; Zk H ; wd e f Y \ ]]ucsif j ynf e ,f o nf jrefrmEdii\ pwkw pyg;usjD zpf&rnf k f H [laom &nfrSef;csuf atmifjrifa&; twGuf pduysKd ;a&&&Sa&;? qnfajrmif;? k f d wnf wmwrHrsm; a'otajctaet& wnf aqmufay;a&;}} tqdkudk vTwfawmf ud,pm;vS,(3)OD;uaqG;aEG;Muonf/ k f f wEdkif;rJqEe,frS OD;rsdK;aqGu aqG;aEG;&mwGif EdkifiHawmftydkif;u qnfa&aomuf{&d,mrsm; wd;k jrifvm h ap&eftwGuf pdkufysKd;a&&&Sda&;vkyf ief;rsm;udk xyfrHzefwD;jznfhqnf; ay;rnfqygu &moDOwk ajymif;vJrI kd 'Pfukd ausmvm;Edirnftjyif wpfo;D f T k f h rSEpo;D ? oH;k oD;txd wd;k wufxwvyf S f k f k EdkifrnfjzpfygaMumif;? xkdYjyif obm0 ywf0ef;usiysup;D rIuvnf; xde;f odr;f f f kd &ma&mufrnfjzpfygaMumif;? odkYjzpf tqd k u d k tav;teuf a xmuf c H ygaMumif;jzifh aqG;aEG;onf/

aMu;rHkowif;pm pmrsufESm 5
rcsrf;abmrJqEe,frS OD;tifzkef qef; (c)OD;tifxkzkefqef;u aqG;aEG; &mwGif &moDOwk Murf;wrf;rIaMumifh ESpfpOfa&wdkufpm;ysufpD;aeygojzifh trmcHuGefu&pf qnfrsm;tjzpf wnfaqmuf &efvdktyfygaMumif;ESifh ucsifjynfe,ftwGif;&Sd cdkif(4)ckESifh NrdKUe,f(18)NrdKUe,f pdkufysdK;a&&&Sda&;? qnfajrmif;? wmwrHrsm; qufvuf wnfaqmufay;ygu EdkifiHawmf&nf rSe;f csuf {uefrcsatmifjrifvmrnf[k k ,HMk unfygaMumif;jzifh tqduaxmufcH k kd aqG;aEG;onf/ rkd;armufrJqEe,frS OD;aZmfxGef;u aqG;aEG;&mwGif ,ckwifoGif;aom tqdkonf jynfolvlxktwGuf aumif;usKd; jzpfapEdkifonfhtwGuf axmufcHygaMumif;jzifh aqG;aEG;onf/ ,if;tqdkESifhpyfvsOf; v,f,m pdkufysKd;a&;ESifh qnfajrmif;0efBuD;Xme jynfaxmifp0efBu;D OD;jrifviu ucsif k h Id f jynfe,ftwGi;f wnfaqmufNy;D pD;cJNh y;D qnf a jrmif ; OD ; pD ; Xmeu xd e f ; od r f ; xm;onfh a&vTJqnf(3)ckESifh aus;&Gm u xdef;odrf;xm;onfhzGHUNzdK;a&;qnf? aus;vufqnf? UNDP qnf pkpaygif; k (124)ck tusKd;jyK{u (66906) {u &SdygaMumif;? a&TulNrdKUe,f aygif;euf a&avSmifwrH pDrHudef;? rkd;armuf NrdKUe,fwmvDa&vTJqnf pDrHudef;? zm;uefYNrdKUe,f aemifrD;a&vTJqnf pDrHudef;wdkYudk EdkifiHawmfrS b@m aiG&&SdrItay:rlwnf aqmif&Guf vsuf&SdygaMumif;/ xkjYd yif a'otajctaet& topf xyfrHaqmif&Gufay;&ef vkyfief; (13) ckudk vsmxm;owfrSwfNyD; pl;prf; avhvmrIrsm;jyKvkyfjcif;? 'DZdkif;yHkpH a&;qGJjcif;rsm; aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdyg aMumif;? tqdkyg vkyfief;opfrsm;rSm 0dkif;armfNrdKUe,f a*GUxl;a&avSmifwrH? eefYrD;a&avSmifwrH? eefYjrif;c a&avSmifwrH (0ga&Smifa&vTJqnf)? rdk;nif;NrdKUe,f aqmif;cg;a&vTJqnf? wuGi;f a&vTqnf? MumBu;D uGi;f a&vTJ J qnf? Aef;armfNrdKUe,f yg;wdefYa&vTJ qnfESifh ylwmtkdNrdKUe,f [dkzdkifqnf? rwfyefqnf? v,fr,f0g*sDqnf? eefyvufqnf? eefzefqnf? eef&,a& Y Y Y S f avSmifwrHwdkYjzpfygaMumif;? avhvm pl;prf;rIrsm;ESifh tpDtrHrsm;tay:wGif Ediiawmftpd;k &\ umuG,a&;wm0ef? k f H f a'owGif;vrf;wHwm; qufoG,frI vHkNcHKaumif;rGefa&;wm0ef? ynma&;? usef;rma&; ponfh OD;pm;ay;vkyfief; wm0efrsm; tpDtpOf vkdtyfcsuf rsm;t& &efyaiGcijhf yKay;Edirnfh tajc kH G k f taetay:rlwnfNy;D v,f,mpduysK;d k f a&;ESihf qnfajrmif;0efBu;D Xmetaejzifh vkyfief;rsm;udk tqifhqifhtaumif txnfazmf aqmif&Gufay;oGm;rnf jzpfygaMumif;jzifh jyefvnf&Sif;vif; aqG;aEG;onf/ tqdk&Sif OD;ZHk;wdefY\tqdkonf oD;jcm;rJcq;kH jzwf&efrvdbJ vTwawmf JG k f u rSwwrf;wifxm;&Saqmif&u&rnfh f d G f tqdjk zpfojzifvwawmfu oabmwl h T f rSwfwrf;wif twnfjyKonf/ tqdwifoi;f jcif;u@wGif v[,f k G rJqEe,frS OD;qm;rl\ em*udk,fydkif tkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'o (av&SD;? v[,f? eef;,Gef;) NrdKUe,frsm;twGif; aexkdif vs uf&Sdonfh em*wdkif;&if;om;rsm; qif;&JEGrf;yg;rIavQmhcsa&; tqdk? wyfukef;rJqEe,frS OD;armifOD;u trsm;ydiurPrsm;udk Oya'ESitnD k f k D hf pdppf aqmif & G u fcGifhjyKEdkifa&; tqdk cG wdkYudk wifoGif;Muonf/ ,if;tqdkrsm;udk jynfolYvTwf awmfu vufcHaqG;aEG;&efqHk;jzwfNyD; aqG;aEG;rnfh&ufudk xyfrHaMunmrnf jzpfaMumif;ESihf aqG;aEG;rnfh vTwawmf f ud,pm;vS,rsm;taejzifh ,aeYnae k f f ydkif;wGif trnfpm&if;wifoGif;Edkif aMumif; od&Sd&onf/ ,aeYvwawmf 'kw,yHretpnf; T f d k S f ta0; e0raeYudk rGef;vGJ 1 em&D rdepf 50wGif&yfem;NyD; tpnf;ta0; 'or aeYukd pufwifbm2&uf eHeuf 10 em&D wGif usi;f yrnfjzpfonf/ (owif;pOf)

aMu;rHkowif;pm pmrsufESm 6

2-9-2011

&cdkifjynfe,f armifawma'oonf ordkif;aMumif;qdkif&m vlrsKd;a&;taetxm;rsm;aMumifU vlO;D a&xde;f odr;f a&;vkyief;rsm;tm; tav;xm;aqmif&u&mwGif xl;jcm;rItajctaersm;ESiUf BuHKawGYcJ & f G f U
 ausmzHk;rS a&mfbmNcH{u(600) ausmfcefYudk wyfrawmfrS odrf;,l&ef aqmif&Guf aeonf}} qdkonfrSm r[kwfrSefyg aMumif;jzifh ajzMum;onf/ &ckdifjynfe,frJqEe,ftrSwf(7)rS OD;Zm,m'fa&mfrH (c) OD;aX;0if;\ ] &ckdif jynfe,f? bl;oD;awmif? armifawm NrdKUe,frsm;wGif aexkdifvsuf&Sdaom jynfaxmifpzm; a'ocHjrefrmrlpvif k G rJqE&Sifrsm;twGuf vl0ifrIBuD;Muyf a&;ESihf jynfotiftm;OD;pD;Xme (v-0Yl u)ESihf e,fpyfa'o vl0ifrppfaq;a&; I ESifh uGyfuJrIXmecsKyf (e-p-u) (Border Immigration Head Quarters) rS xkwfay;aom tdrfaxmifpk vlOD;a&pm&if;(2)rsKd;&SdNyD; (e-p-u) tzGJUu a&Smifwcif 0ifa&mufppfaq; pOf wpf&GmrSwpf&GmodkY acwc&D;oGm; aeol u d k y if BD ajy; (Bangladesh ajy;ol) [kowfrSwfNyD; jypfrIusL;vGef jcif;r&SdygbJ w&m;pGJcH&jcif;? tcsKdUrSm aMumuf&GHUNyD; ykef;a&Smifaejcif;? xkdtajctaewGif arG;zGm;onfh uav;ud k w&m;r0if u av;[k owfrSwfcH&jcif;wkdY jzpfay:aeojzifh ,if;udpudk EkdifiHawmfu rnfuJhodkY ulnDaqmif&Gufay;Ekdifrnfudk odvkd ygaMumif ;}} ar;cGef;ESifhpyfvsOf; armifawmcdkifonf b*Fvm;a'hSf EdiiEihf a&jyifa&m uke;f wGi;f yg xdpyf k f H S aeNyD; xl;jcm;aom tajctaersm;&Sd aeygaMumif;? armifawmcdkiftwGif; armifawmNrKd Ue,f? bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f ESifh &aohawmifNrdKUe,f ajrmufydkif; a'owdonf vlO;D a&^e,fajrtus,f Yk t0ef;ESifh qefpyg;pdkufysdK;xGuf&SdrI tajctaet& 0rf;pmzlvrr&Sojzifh Hk I d vnf;aumif;? vlOD;a& xlxyfrsm;jym; aerIESifh arG;zGm;EIef; tqrwefwdk;yGm; um EdkifiHwum pHcsdefpHnTef;xuf ausmveaejcif;wdaMumifh vnf;aumif;? f Gf Yk wpfcsdefcsdefwGif iwfrGwfacgif;yg;rI qdkufa&mufvmEdkifygaMumif;? ,if; a'o\ vlOD;a&odyfonf;qudk ajymMum;&vQif armifawmNrKd Ue,fwif G wpfpwk&ef;rdivQif (870)OD;? awmifNyKd k f vuf0NJ rKd Ue,fcwif wpfpwk&ef;rdivQif JG G k f (701)OD;jzpfNy;D &cdijf ynfe,fwpfcv;Hk k k \ vlO;D a&odyonf;qrSm wpfpwk&ef; f rdkifvQif (233)OD; jzpfygaMumif;? ,if; a'oESihf uyfvsu&onfh b*Fvm;a'hfS f dS EdkifiH\ vlOD;a&odyfonf;qrSm wpf pwk&ef;uDvrwmwGif vlO;D a& (1217) kd D OD;jzpfaMumif; od&&ygaMumif;? odjYk zpf dS vlOD;a&wdk;EIef;ESifh e,fajrtus,f t0ef;rSm rQwrIr&Sdojzifh wpfcsdefcsdef

a&ayguf wGif vlOD;a&aygufuGJrIwpf&yf jzpfvm EdkifouJhodkY rdbrsm;\ pepfwus xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufrI r&Sdaom uav;rsm;onf tem*wfwGif tajc taerJh qdk;oGrf;vli,f vlwef;pm; wpf&yfjzpfay:vmEdiNf y;D vlUywf0ef;usif k tm; jyemrsm; zefwD;ay;vmEdkifyg aMumif;/ xdkYtjyif vlOD;a&odyfonf;q Population Density tvGefrsm; onfh b*Fvm;a'hSfEdkifiHESifh ukef;ajr e,fedrdwf? a&jyife,fedrdwfjcif; xdpyf vsu&onfh &cdijf ynfe,f taemufyi;f f dS k kd w&m;r0if 0ifa&mufa&TUajymif;rI? aexdkifrIrsm;udk xdef;csKyf&ef vl0ifrI BuD;Muyfa&;Xme wpfckwnf;ESifh vkyaqmif&ef cufconftjyif w&m; f J h r0if 0ifa&mufrrsm; Bu;D xGm;vmonfh I twGuaMumifh e,fpyfjzwfausmrcif; f f I rsm;jzpfyGm;jcif;? qefYusifbuf tzGJU tpnf;rsm;wGif yg0ifjcif;rsm; ponfh tajctaersm;aMumifh e,fpyfa'o vl0ifrppfaq;a&; uGyurXmecsKyukd I f J I f wyfrawmf? jrefrmEdiiH &JwyfzUJG ? vl0ifrI k f Bu;D Muyfa&;ESihf trsK;d om;rSwywifa&; f Hk OD;pD;XmeESifhtaumufcGef OD;pD;Xme wkjYd zifh zGUJ pnf; t"duwm0efBu;D (3)&yf

twGuf ajymif;a&TUaexdijf cif;? uav; k arG;zGm;jcif;ESifh aoqkH;jcif;? w&m; r0ifcdk;0if^cdk;xGufjcif;? tdrfaxmifpk pm&if;cGxujf cif;ESihf taqmufttkrsm; J G H aqmufvkyfjcif; ponfwkdYyg0ifaom a'oE&trdefYrsm;ukd txufXme tqifhqifh\ cGifhjyKcsufjzifh ESpfpOf xkwfjyef aqmif&GufcJhygaMumif;? armifawmNrdKUe,f at;csrf;om,m a&;ESihf zGUH NzKd ;a&;aumifprvnf; 2005 D S ckESpfwGif a'oE&trdefY trSwf (1^ 2005)udk xkwfjyefcJhygaMumif;/ armifawmcdkif\ xl;jcm;aom tajctaet& e,fpyfa'o vl0ifrI ppfaq;a&; uGyfuJrIXmecsKyftaejzifh t"duwm0efBu;D (3)&yfwif yg0ifonfh G vlO;D a&xde;f csKya&;wm0efukd taumif f txnfazmf&mwGif e,fajr(9)ck? pcef;(26)ckjzifh jzefc aqmif&uvsuf Y JG G f &S&m wpfzufEiirS w&m;r0if cd;k 0ifrI d kd f H rsm;? rdrdEdkifiHtwGif;rS w&m;r0if cd;k xGurrsm;udk apmifMh unfh azmfxwf f I k jcif;? a&Smifwcif 0ifa&mufppfaq; jcif;? yifv,fjyifESifh ewfjrpfurf;ajcrS ydwfqdkYwm;qD;jcif;? awmifausmf vrf;rsm;rS ppfaq;jcif;wdkY jyKvkyf&yg aMumif;? xdkYtjyif ESpfpOfvlOD;a&

armifawmcditwGi;f e,fpyfa'o k f vl0ifrIppfaq;a&; uGyfuJrIXmecsKyf vlOD;a& xdef;csKyfa&;vkyfief;ESifh vl0ifrBI u;D Muyfa&;ESitrsKd ;om; rSwyHk hf f wifa&;OD;pD;Xme 0efxrf;rsm;\vkyief; f wkdYrSm uGJjym;jcm;em;rI&SdonfhtwGuf a'o\vdktyfcsuft& tdrfaxmifpk pm&if; (2)ck udkifaqmif&jcif;jzpfyg aMumif;? e,fpyfa'ovl0ifrppfaq;a&; I uGyurXmecsKy\ tdraxmifppm&if; f J I f f k onf oufqdkif&m tdrfaxmifpk&Sd&modkY ajrjyifuGif;qif; vuf&Sdtajctae twdi;f ppfaq;xm;aom pm&if;rsm; k jzpfygaMumif;? vl0ifrIBuD;Muyfa&;ESifh trsdK;om;rSwfykHwifa&;OD;pD;Xmetae jzifh cdkif^NrdKUe,fkH;&Sd tiftm;t& aus;&Gm? &yfuutwGi;f e,fpyfa'o G f vl0ifrIppfaq;a&; XmecsKyfuJhodkY tao;pdwfpm&if;aumufcHEdkifrIr&SdbJ vdtyfcsu&onftcgESihf oufqi&m k f dS h kd f tdrfom;rsm;rS vma&mufonfhtcgrS om vl0ifrIBuD;Muyfa&;udprsm; aqmif&Gufekdifjcif;aMumifh uGJvGJ&jcif; jzpfygaMumif;? xdtjyif e,fpyfa'o Yk vl0ifrIppfaq;a&; uGyfuJrIXmecsKyf onf rdrwi&aom vl0ifrBI u;D Muyfa&; d G f dS 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh rdrd\ vuf&Sdtajc

umuG,fa&; 0ef BuD ; Xm e jynfaxmifp0efBu;D k 'kwd,AkdvfcsKyfBuD; vSrif; ar;jref;csuf rsm;ukd jyefvnf ajzMum;pOf/ (owif;pOf)

aus;&Gm tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;xHodkY owif; ay;ydkY&NyD; &yfuGuf^aus;&GmtkyfcsKyf a&;rSL;uvnf; if;rdom;pk0ifonf wpfzufb*Fvm;a'hEiioYkd w&m; fS kd f H r0ifom;a&mufjcif; &Sd ^r&Suk d apmifMhunfh G d

rGejf ynfe,frqEe,f trSw(5)rS J f trsKd;om;vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f OD;EkdifxGef;tkH ar;jref;pOf/ (owif;pOf) jzpfonfh EdiiawmfumuG,a&;wm0ef? k f H f e,fpyfa'ovkNH cKH a&;wm0efEihf e,fpyf S a'ovlOD;a&xdef;csKyfa&;wm0efwkdYukd &nfre;f csu(5)&yf csrway;Ny;D wm0ef S f S f xrf;aqmifaeapjcif;jzpfygaMumif;/ e,fpyfa'o vl0ifrIppfaq;a&; uGyfuJrIXmecsKyftaejzifh vlOD;a& xdef;csKyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd wm0ef,l aom{&d,mtwGif; taumiftxnf azmf&mwGif xl;jcm;aoma'o jzpfonfh

rauG;wkdif;a'oBuD;rJqEe,f trSwf(2)rS trsKd;om;vTwfawmf uk,pm;vS,f OD;atmifNir;f ar;jref; d f d (owif;pOf) pOf/ pm&if;rsm; ppfaq;jcif;? ajrykHa&;qGJ jcif;ESihf taqmufttkrwwrf;wifjcif; H S f vkyief;rsm;udvnf; 3 vcefY tcse,l f k d f ppfaq;& ygaMumif;? xdkodkY aqmif&Guf &mwGif tdrfaxmifpkvlOD;a&pm&if;? Ediiom;pdppfa&;uwfEihf c&D;oGm;vm k f H S cGihf ykp(4)wdukd tok;H jyK ppfaq;&Ny;D H H Yk w&m;r0if aqmif&urrsm; awGU&Sygu G f I d v0utufOya't& w&m;pGJqdk ta&;,lvsuf&SdygaMumif;/

csi;f jynfe,frqEe,f trSw(6)rS J f trsKd;om;vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f OD;qGef'kwfusifh aqG;aEG;pOf/ (owif;pOf) taet& rSwfwrf;wifxm;aom tdraxmippm&if;rsm;tok;H jyK vkyief; f xmiff k f aqmif&GufrSom vlOD;a&xdef;csKyfa&; vkyief;rsm; oGuvuf jrefqefreuef f f S f rnfjzpfaomaMumifh a'ocHwdkif;&if; om;a&m?td d om;a&m?tdE,^b*FgvDyg tdraxmif f pkpm&if;tm; ESpfrsdK;udkifaqmif&jcif; jzpfygaMumif;/ BDajy;qdonfrm wpfzufb*Fvm; k S a'hEiioYkd w&m;0ifom;a&mufcijhf yK fS kd f H G G onfh cGijhfyKcsuvufrw&,l udiaqmif f S f k f w&m;0ifcijhfyKxm;aom vrf;aMumif; G rS oGm;a&mufjcif;r[kwbJ w&m;r0if f vrf;aMumif;rS w&m;0ifcGifhjyKcsuf vufrwwpfpwpf&m &,luiaqmif S f Hk kd f jcif;r&SdbJ cdk; oGm;a&mufoludk ac:qdkjcif;jzpfygaMumif;/ BD ajy;jzpfyGm;rIrsm;tay: pdppf &mwGif wpfzufEiiEihf wwd,EdiiH kd f H S k f rsm; tvkyftudkif &SmazG&ef xGucmjcif;? jypfrjI zpfym; wdr;f a&Smif f G G jcif;? qefusibuftzGUJ tpnf;rsm;wGif Y f yg0if&efxucmjcif;ESihf ynmoifMum; G f G &ef? aq;0g;uko&efEihf 'kuonfpcef; S rsm;wGif aexdi&ef xGucmjcif;wdjYk zpf k f f G aMumif;/ BD ajy;owfrwy,fzsujf cif;qdi&m S f kf vkyfief;wGif BD ajy;rdom;pkrS rdom; pk0ifwpfOD;OD;onf wpfzufb*Fvm; a'hSfEdkifiHodkY w&m;r0ifxGufajy;oGm; aMumif;udk 1951 ckESpf? jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; aexdkifolrsm;rSwfykH wifa&; enf;Oya'-26 (1)t& vnf;aumif;? a'oE&trdeYf 1^1990 tydk'f(4)t&vnf;aumif;? &yfuGuf^

&efukefwkdif;a'oBuD;rJqEe,f trSwf(4)rS trsKd;om;vTwfawmf uk,pm;vS,f a'gufwmjrwfPpk;d d f (owif;pOf) aqG;aEG;pOf/ pkHprf; rSefuefygu BD ajy; tdrfaxmifpk\ wifjycsuftwdkif; oufqdkif&me,fpyfa'o vl0ifrIppf aq;a&;uGyfuJrIXmecsKyf e,fajr^ pcef;toD;oD;okYd owif;ydUk &ygaMumif;/ xdkodkY owif;ydkYcsuf&&Sdonfhtcg oufqdkif&me,fpyfa'o vl0ifrI ppfaq;a&;uGyurI XmecsKyf e,fajr^ f J pcef;toD;oD;onf wifjycsureuefrI f S f &S^r&Sukd ppfaq;a&;tzGUJ tm; zGUJ pnf; d d oufqdkif&m&yfuGuf^ aus;&Gm&Sd BD ajy;aetdrEihf ywf0ef;usiaetdrrsm; f S f f udk uGi;f qif;ppfaq;ygaMumif;? ppfaq; awGU&SdcsufrSefuefygu BD ajy;trI wGJudk rdom;pk0ifwpfO;D \ wifjypm? oufqi&m &yfuu^aus;&GmtkycsKyf kd f G f f a&;rSL;\wifjypm? wifjyolrom;pk0if d wpfOD;\ 0efcHxGufqdkcsuf? xGufajy; ol\ tdrfeD;csif;ESpfOD;\ 0efcHxGuf qdcsu?f oufqi&m &yfuu^ aus;&Gm k kd f G f tkycsKya&;rSL;\ oufaoxGuqcsuf f f f kd ESifh um,uH&Sif tdrfaxmifpkpm&if; rl&if; ponfh oufaotaxmuftxm; rsm; jynfppm&,l trIwwnfaqmuf h Hk G JG &ygaMumif;/ ,if;trIwGJtm; oufqdkif&m e,fajr^ pcef;rsm;rS e,fpyfa'o vl0ifrppfaq;a&;uGyuJ rIXmecsKyoYkd I f f wifjy uGyua&;rSL;\ twnfjyKcsuf f J awmif;cHum oufqdkif&mtdrfaxmifpk pm&if;wGif BD ajy;ol\ trnf pm&if;udk BD ajy;owfrSwfjcif;? y,fzsufjcif;aqmif&GufNyD; xdkodkYw&m; r0ifxGufcGmoGm;aom BD ajy;onf w&m;r0ifjyefvnf0ifa&mufvmygu

trsKd;om;vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm; tpnf;ta0;wufa&mufaMumif; rSwfwrf;pmtkyf vufrSwfa&;xkd; (owif;pOf) MupOf/

1947 ckESpf? vl0ifrIBuD;Muyfa&; (vwfwavmjy|mef;csursm;)tufOya' f yk'fr 3(2)ESifhyk'fr 13 (1)wkdY t& w&m;pGJqdk ta&;,lygaMumif;/ &cdkifjynfe,farmifawma'oonf ordi;f aMumif;qdi&m vlrsKd ;a&;tae k k f txm;rsm;aMumifh e,fpyfa'ovl0ifrI ppfaq;a&;uGyfuJrIXmecsKyftaejzifh vlOD;a& xdef;odrf;a&;vkyfief;rsm;tm; tav;xm;aqmif G f tav;xm;aqmif&u&mwGif xl;jcm;rI tajctaersm;ESihf BuKH awGUcJ&Ny;D if;wdYk h teuf w&m;r0if uav;(Black List Baby)rsm;udpvnf; yg0ifygaMumif;? ) w&m;r0ifuav;[l owfrw&mwGif S f w&m;0ifvufxyfxdrf;jrm;jcif; rjyKbJ arG;zGm;aomuav;rsm;? wpfzufEiioYkd kd f H xGufajy;onfh zcifjzpfoltm; tdrfaxmifppm&if;rS y,fzsufxm; kpm&if aomfvnf; use&caom rdcifrS arG;zGm; f dS hJ vmaom uav;rsm;? zcifonf BD ajy;Ny;D aemuf wpfzufEiirS w&m;r0if kd f H jyefvnf0ifa&mufvmNyD; w&m;r0if aygif;oif;rIrS arG;zGm;vmaomuav; rsm;? rkq;kd r? wpfcvyf? tysKd ponfwrS k h Ykd zcifray:bJ arG;zGm;vmaom uav; rsm;ESifh vufxyfxdrf;jrm;jcif; trIwGJ tm; pdppfaeqJumvwGif aygif;oif; aexdiojzifh arG;zGm;vmaom uav; k f rsm;[l owfrSwf oD;jcm;pm&if; jyKpxm;&SygaMumif;/ k d xdkuJhodkY w&m;r0ifuav;rsm; owfrw xde;f csKyjf cif;aMumifh w&m;0if S f vufxyfxdrf;jrm;rIudk tav;xm; vmjcif;? wpfzufEdkifiHodkY w&m;r0if xGufajy;oGm;ol BD ajy;rsm;rS if; wd\ ZeD;rsm;ESihf w&m;r0if aygif;oif; Yk rIrsm; jyKvyrenf;yg;vmjcif;? rkq;kd r? k f I wpfckvyf? tysdKrsm;rS zcifray:bJ uav;arG;zGm;rI enf;yg;vmjcif;ESifh w&m;r0if vlOD;a&wdk;yGm;rIudk umuG,fEdkifjcif;ponfh tusdK;aus;Zl; rsm;&&SdcJhygaMumif;/ txufyg w&m;r0ifuav;ta& twGurm 2009 ckEpf vlO;D a&ppfaq; f S S NyD;pD;onfh pm&if;t& (7289)OD;txd a&muf&SdcJhNyD; xdkuav;rsm;onf tcsdefESifhtrQ wjznf;jznf; t&G,f a&mufvmMurnfjzpfyg ,if;wkdY t&G,fa&mufvmonfhtcg pm&if;rJh jzpfaejcif;? a'oE&trdersm;? Oya'rsm; Yf udk xyfrHcsdK;azmufjcif;? w&m;r0if tdraxmifjyKjcif;? uav;arG;zGm;jcif;? f arG;zGm;onfuav;tm; pm&if;roGi;f h Edijf cif;ponfh jyemrsm; ydrw;kd yGm; k k kd IyfaxG;onfh tajctaersm;jzpfay: vmrnfjzpfygaMumif;/ txufygjzpfyGm;vmrnfh tajc taersm;udk BudKwifajrmfawG; aemif xyfrHrjzpfyGm;&ef tkyfxdef;olrsm;tm; pmrsufESm 7 aumfvH 1 okdY

2-9-2011
pmrsufESm 6 rS Oya'ESitnD oifavsmovdk w&m;pGJ hf h f qdk oifhavsmfaom jypf'Pfay;um oufqdkif&m tdrfaxmifpkpm&if;wGif w&m;0ifxnfhoGif;Edkifa&; pDrHcsuf a&;qGJaqmif&GufqJ jzpfygaMumif;/ EdiijH cm;om;rsm;ESihf oHo,&Sorsm;? k f d l NrKd Ue,fausm?f jynfe,f^wdi;f ausmf c&D; k oGm;vm&mwGif 1950 ckEp?f jynfaxmifpk S jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; aexdkifolrsm; rSwfykHwifenf;Oya' 28 (1)t& vnf;aumif;? a'oE&trdefYt& vnf;aumif;? c&D;oGm;vmcGijhf yKonfh ,m,Dc&D;oGm;vmcGifh vufrSwfykHpH (4)tm; &,ludkifaqmifoGm;vm&rnf jzpfygaMumif;? ,m,DoufaocHuufjym; yg&SNd y;D c&D;oGm;vmcGivufrwf (ykphf S H H 4) rygbJ c&D;oGm;a&mufygu b*FgvD vlrsdK;rsm;udk jypfrIqdkif&m Oya'yk'fr (188)t& ta&;,lrnfhtjyif c&D;oGm;vmaomb*FgvDonf 1951 ckESpf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; aexdiorsm;rSwywifa&;enf;Oya'yk'r kf l f Hk f 29(1)udk usL;vGefygu 1949 ckESpf? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiitwGi;f aexdif k f H k olrsm; rSwywiftufOya'yk'r 6 (1)? f Hk f 6(2)t& ta&;,laqmif&uygaMumif; G f jzifh ajzMum;onf/ xdaemuf vTwawmfu,pm;vS,f Yk f kd f (6)OD;wdkYu vrf;? wHwm;wnfaqmuf a&;ESihf jyKjyifxe;f odr;f a&;qdi&m ar;cGe;f d kf rsm;udk ar;jref;Mu&m aqmufvkyfa&; 0efBuD;Xme jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; OD;cifarmifjrifhu jyefvnfajzMum; onf/ a&S;OD;pGm ucsifjynfe,frJqEe,f uk trSwf(8)rS OD;jrtkef;\ ]]uke f p nf pD;qif;rI vsifjrefapa&;ESifh vrf;yef; qufoG,fa&; tqifajyacsmarGU apa&;twGuf zm;uefY-rdk;aumif; vrf;ydi;f udk tcsewtwGi;f &moDra&G; k d f dk c&D;oGm;vmEdkif&ef rnfuJhodkY pDrH } aqmif&uay;Ekirnfukd odvygaMumif;}}} G f df dk ESifhpyfvsOf; rdk;aumif;-umrdkif;zm;uefYvrf;tydkif;wGif rdk;aumif;rS yg[kwtxd (8)rditydi;f udk awmufy f k f k usufoa&Zmwdajr aqmufvkyfa&; ukrPDvDrdwufu vrf;wHwm;rsm; tqifjh riwif wnfaqmuf&ef bDtwD hf kd pepfjzifh aqmif&Gufvsuf&SdygaMumif;? yg[kwf-umrdkif;-zm;uefY tydkif;onf rlvu cdirmaomyef;wdif aqmufvyf k f k k a&;ukrPvrwufu bDtwpepfjzifh D D d kd D aqmif&Gufaeonfh vrf;tydkif;jzpfNyD; (7-4-2011) &ufaeYwGif vkyfief; vkyuif aqmif&ucitm; jyefvnf f kd G f G hf tyfESHcJhygaMumif;? (31-5-2011) &uf aeYtxd vrf;tajctaerSm uw&m vrf;(2)rkdif(6)zmvHk? ausmufvrf; (2)rdkif(2)zmvHkESifh trmcH vrf;(49) rdi(4)zmvHk pkpaygif; (54)rdi(4)zmvHk k f k k f jzpfygaMumif;/ zm;uefYa'oonf ausmufpdrf; xGuf&Sdonfha'ojzpf ausmufpdrf; wl;azmfrnfhukrPDrsm;\ puf,E&m; Bu;D rsm;ESihf 'DZ,fqo,f,onfh qDo,f D l ,mOfBu;D rsm;aMumifvnf; ydrysup;D cJ& h k kd f h ygaMumif;? vuf&SdtajctaewGif a'ocHwdkif;&if;om; yk*vduvkyfief; &SiftcsKdUu bDtdkwDpepfjzifh vkyfief; aqmif&Guf&ef jynfe,ftpdk;&udk avQmuf avQmufxm;vmNyD; jynfe,ftpdk;&u vrf;wHwm;rsm; tqifhjrifhwifjcif; vkyief;tm; tjrefq;kH aqmif&uEirnfh f G f kd f cdkifrmawmifhwif;aom ukrPDudk pdppfa&G;cs,qjJ zpfygaMumif;? jynfe,f f tpd;k &tzJUG \ axmufccsu&&Sygu rdrd H f d 0efBuD;Xmeu qufvufwifjy vkyfudkifcGifh&&Sda&;udk aqmif&Gufay; oGm;rnfjzpfyggaMumif;ESihf ,if;vrf;tm; aM yGivif;&moDwif ,ckxuf ydaumif; hf G k atmif aqmif&GufEdkifa&; bDtdkwD,l rnfh ukrPDtm; wGef;tm;ay;oGm; rnfjzpfaMumif;jzifh ajzMum;onf/ ppfudkif;wdkif;a'oBuD; rJqEe,f trSw(11)rS OD;atmifcspvi\ ]]cED;f f G f cE [krvif;vrf;? [krvif;-azmif;jyifyifvnfb;l vrf;? [krvif;-azmif;jyif ou,fusif;vrf;? uufom-atmif aZ,svrf;? cED;-wmrcH-zm;uefYvrf;? [k r v if ; -aemif y d k a tmif - erf h a wma&T j ynf j rif h - qnf Z if ; vrf ; rsm;tm; vrf;tqifhjrifhwifay;&ef &Sd^r&Sd}} ar;cGef;ESipyfvsOf; aqmufvkyfa&; hf 0efBuD;Xmeu wm0ef,laqmif&Guf vsu&onfh ou,usi;f - azmif;jyiff dS f [krvif;- cED;vrf;onf ppfudkif;wdkif; a'oBu;D uav;0NrKUd e,fEihf cE;D NrKUd e,f S wdkYudk qufoG,fazmufvkyfxm;onfh vrf;jzpfNy;D vrf;t&Snri(330) &Snvsm; f kd f f ygaMumif;? (31-5-2011) &ufaeYtxd vrf;tajctaerSm uw&mvrf; (5)rki?f trmcHvrf;(212)rdi(4)zmvHEihf d k f k S ajrvrf; (112) rdkif (4)zmvHk jzpfyg aMumif;/ tqdygvrf;udk vrf;aqmufvya&; k k f txl;tzJUG (1)zJUG ESihf cditzJUG (1)zJUG jzifh k f aqmif&Gufvsuf&SdygaMumif;? 20112012 b@ma&;ESpf aiGvHk;aiG&if; &efyHkaiGjzifh vrf;tqifjhrifhwifjcif; vkyfief;rsm;tjzpf rlvajrvrf;tm; trmcHvrf;cif;jcif;(4)rdkif? uw&m vrf;opfcif;jcif; (4) zmvHk? (34)ay tus,f ajrom;wmaygifwifjcif;(2) rdkif (6)zmvHkESifh twuftqif;Murf; aomtydi;f tm; avQmapmufErcsjcif; k dS hf (2)rdiwukd aqmif&uvsu&ygaMumif;? k f Ykd G f f dS cJa0&&Sonfh omrefjyifqif xde;f odr;f G d jcif;&efyaiGjzifvnf; t&Snf (11)rdi&dS kH h k f vrf;om;ysufpD;aeaom tydkif;tm; cJausmufjzifjh yifqifjcif;? t&Sn(72) G f rdkif&Sd awmifNyKdajrz,f&Sm; a&pm; acsmufEib;D vrf; csKirsm;tm; ajro,f S hf d hf zdjYk cif;ESihf vrf;rsuEmjyifnjd cif;vkyief; f S f rsm;tygt0if a&>yef? opfom;wHwm;? ,m,Da&edrfhwHwm;rsm;ESifh ausmufpD a&ajrmif; wnfaqmufjcif; vkyief; f rsm;udk aqmif&Gufvsuf&SdygaMumif; / azmif;jyif-yifvnfbl;vrf;rSm(65) rdkif&Snfvsm;NyD; (31-5-2011)&ufaeY txd vrf;tajctaerSm uw&mvrf; (3)rdkif? ausmufvrf;(17)rkdif(4)zmvHk? trmcHvrf;(8)rdi(5)zmvHEihf ajrvrf; k f k S (35)rdkif(7)zmvHkjzpfygaMumif;? ,ck b@mESpfwGifcJGa0&&Sdonfh omref jyifqifxdef;odrf;jcif; &efyHkaiGjzifh wpfvrf;vHk;tm; omrefjyifqif xdef;odrf;jcif;tygt0if vrf;om; ysufpD;aeaomtydkif;ukd ausmuf? *si;f ajr jznfcif;BuwjyKjyifjcif;? oHul h d f uGefu&pfa&>yefrsm;? tkwfurf;uyfcHk? opfom;wHwm;rsm;ESih f ausmufpa&ajrmif; D wnfaqmufjcif;wdukd aqmif&uaeyg Yk G f aMumif;? vrf;tqifw;kd jriEi&eftwGuf h hf kd f vmrnfhb@mESpfwGif aiGvHk;aiG&if; &efyHkaiGESifh jyifqifxdef;odrf;jcif; &efyHk aiGrsm; wifjyawmif;cHNyD; qufvuf aqmif&Guf&ef pDpOfvsuf&SdygaMumif;/ usevrf;rsm;jzpfaom cE;D -wmrcHf zm;uefYvrf;? [krvif;-aemifydk atmif-erfhawm-a&Tjynfjrifh-qnfZif; vrf;ESifh uufom-atmifaZ,svrf; wdkYrSm e,fpyfa&;&m0efBuD;Xmeu wm0ef , l aqmif & G u f v suf & S d a om vrf;tydkif;rsm; jzpfygaMumif;jzifh ajzMum;onf/ qufvuf ppfui;f wdi;f a'oBu;D kd k rJqEe,ftrSwf(12)rS OD;jrwfudk\ ]em*ud,yitycsKyci&a'otwGi;f &Sd k f kd f k f f G hf xrHoD-av&SD;vrf;? qifao-v[,f vrf;? &SifaAG,ef-eef;,Gef;vrf;ESifh eef;,Ge;f -yefaqmifvrf;rsm;tm; &moD ra&G;oGm;vmEdkifaom um;vrf;tjzpf tqifhjrifhwifay;&ef &Sd? r&SdESifh v[,fNrdKUESifh av&SD;NrdKUodkYqufoG,f aom vrf;azmufvyay;&ef tpDtpOf k f r&S &S d ? r&Sd odvdkygaMumif;}} ar;cGef;ESifh pyfvsOf; em*udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& a'otwGif;&Sd cED;-qifao-v[,f vrf;tajctaerSm uw&mvrf; (31)rdi?f ausmufvrf;(11)rki?f ajrvrf; k d (12)rdiEicsi;f wGi;f jrpf(2)rdif pkpaygif; k f S hf k k (56)rdkifjzpfygaMumif;? 2011-2012 b@mESpfwGif vrf;? wHwm; aiGvHk; aiG&if;&efyHkaiGjzifh vrf;\ ausmuf vrf; (3)rdkifudk uw&mvrf;tqifhjrifh wif wHwm;(6)pif; wnfaqmuf&ef aqmif&uvsu&ygaMumif;? qufo,f G f f dS G oGm;vmrI rjywfawmufapa&;ESifh acsmarGUpGmoGm;vmEdia&;twGuf ,if; k f b@mESpfwGif cJGa0&&Sdonfh omref jyifqifxe;f odr;f jcif;&efyaiGjzifh omref d kH jyifqifxe;f odr;f jcif;(54)rdi?f awmifNyKd d k ajrz,f&Sm;jcif;? a&pm;acsmufrsm;? bD;&mcsKdifhrsm; ajrzdkYcif;Budwfjcif;(11) rdkif? ajrvrf;rS trmcHvrf;tqifhxd wd;k jriwnfaqmufjcif; (3)rdif (3)zmvHk hf k ESihf eefpvdewwm;wm0gwdif ajrxde;f Y f H k eH&H jyefvnfjyKjyifjcif;wdukd aqmif&uf Yk G vsuf&SdygaMumif;/ xrHoD-av&SD;vrf;tajctaerSm uw&mvrf;(19)rdif (2)zmvH?k ausmuf k vrf;(12)rkdif (2)zmvHkESifh ajrvrf;(9) rdkif(4)zmvHk pkpkaygif; (41)rdkif jzpfyg aMumif;? 2011-2012 b@mESpfwGif cJa0&&Sonfh omrefjyifqifxe;f odr;f G d d jcif;&efyHkaiGjzifh (12)aytus,f ausmufacsmvrf;cif;jcif;? (12)ay tus,uw&mvrf;cif;jcif;? awmifNyKd f ajrz,f&m;jcif;? a&pm;acsmufrsm;ajrzdYk S Budwfcif;jcif;? ausmufpDa&ajrmif;rsm; jyKvyjf cif;? vrf;usO;f ae&mwGif ay(50) k t&Snf ausmufpDajrumeH&Hrsm; wnfaqmuf urf;yg;,HcsUJ jcif;? (45) ayt&Snf ausmufpDajrxdef;eH&Hrsm; wnfaqmufjcif;? awmifusa&&Saom d ae&mrsm;wGif Box Culvert rsm; wnfaqmufjcif;ESifh csif;wGif;jrpf twGif; yif;rmqdyfurf;rS xrHoDqdyf urf;odu;l &ef um;ul;azmifjyKvyjf cif; Yk k vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdyg aMumif;/ &SiaAG,ef-eef;,Ge;f -yefaqmifvrf; f udkrl aqmufvkyfa&;0efBuD;XmerS ppf tif*sifeD,m TefMum;a&;rSL;Hk;odkY aiGtyfpepfjzifh vkyief;tyfEaqmif&uf f SH G vsu&ygaMumif;? vrf;t&Snf (61)rdif f dS k &SNd y;D trmcHvrf;tjzpf aqmif&uNf y;D pD; G cJhNyDjzpfygaMumif;? twuftqif; Murf;onfh vrf;tydi;f rsm;wGif bD;vrf; k tus,wpfzuf(2)aypD uw&mcif;jcif; f (6)rdkifaqmif&Gufxm;NyD; ay(50) atmuf wHwm;(45)pif; wnfaqmuf NyD;pD;NyDjzpfygaMumif;? 2011-2012 b@mESpf jyifqifxdef;odrf;jcif; &efyHk aiGjzifh vrf;vHkNcHKacsmarGUpGm oGm;vm Edkifa&;twGuf vrf;ab;0J?,m csKH&Sif; jcif;? a&pD;a&vmaumif;rGefap&ef a&ajrmif;rsm;wl;azmfjcif;? awmifNyKd ajrz,f&Sm;jcif;? trmcHvrf;ysuf rsm;tm; ausmufjznfhcif;Budwfjcif; wdkYudk aqmif&Gufvsuf&SdygaMumif;/ 2012 - 2013 b@mESpwif ajrom; f G vrf;rsm;udk &moDra&G;oGm;vmEdionfh k f ausmufvrf; tqifw;kd jriwnfaqmuf h hf &efusef&Sdaom cED;-v[,fvrf;rS ajrvrf; (8)rdkif (7)zmvHkESifh xrHoDav&SD;vrf;rS ajrvrf;(7)rdkif (2)zmvHk wdtm; vrf;? wHwm;aiGv;kH aiG&if; &efykH Yk aiGEihf jyifqifxe;f odr;f jcif; &efyaiGrsm; S d kH G wifjyawmif;cHNy;D qufvufaqmif&uf zpf oGm;rnfjzpfygaMumif;? vwfwavm tajctaewGirl v[,f-av&S;D vrf; f azmufvkyf&ef tpDtpOfr&Sdao;yg aMumif;jzifh ajzMum;onf/ rauG;wdkif;a'oBuD; rJqEe,f trSwf(2) rS OD;atmifNidrf;u ]]a&eH a&eH acsmif;NrKdUe,f? yif;acsmif;wHwm;tm; abvDwwm;tqifrS oHuueu&pf H h l G f trsKd;tpm;jzifh tpm;xdk;aqmufvkyf Edkifjcif;&Sd? r&Sd? a&eHacsmif;-a*G;ukef;rmuf 0ufcsKyf-ewfarmuf NrKdUe,fcsif; qufvrf;&Sd a*G;uke;f rS ewfarmuftxd (29)rdkif(3)zmvHktm; yxrtqifh ausmufacsmvrf;? 'kwd,tqifh uw&mvrf;tqifhtxd wdk;jrifh tae}} Yk S azmufvyEirnfh tajctae}} wdEihf k f kd f pyfvsOf; ar;jref;&m &efukef-jynfrauG;-rEav; jynfaxmifpkvrf;r Bu;D \ a&eHacsmif;NrKUd e,ftydi;f rdiwif k k f kd (367^1)-(367^2)twGif;&Sd wHwm; trSwf(1u^368)yif;acsmif;wHwm; onf t&Snfay (560)? tus,f(12) ay&Sd wpfvrf;oGm; abvDwHwm; trsKd;tpm;jzpfygaMumif;? wHwm; wdkifrsm;udk oHuluGefu&pfjzifh wnfaqmufxm;NyD; tay:xnfudk oHk;vTmwpfxyfESifh ESpfvTmwpfxyf wnfaqmufxm;aom abvDwHwm; trsKd;tpm;jzpfygaMumif;? wHwm;cHEdkif 0efrSm wef(30) jzpfygaMumif;? 1974 ckEpwif pwifaqmufvycNhJ y;D ,aeY S f G k f txd (37)ESpfcefY MumjrifhcJhNyD jzpfyg aMumif;/ tqkdygwHwm;onf &efukef-jynfrauG;-rEav; t"duqufoG,fa&; vrf;rBu;D ay:wGif wnf&jdS cif;? abvD wHwm;trsKd;tpm;jzpf ,aeYacwf wk;d wufvmaom(uke+,mOf) tav; f csdefrsm;twGuf BuHhckdifrItm;enf;jcif;? wpfvrf;oGm;wHwm;jzpf rsm;jym;vm aom,mOfrsm; wpfpD;NyD;rS wpfpD; jzwfu;l & oGm;vmrItqifrajyjcif; wkdYaMumifh wkd;wufrsm;jym;vmaom ,mOfrsm; oGm;vmrItqifajyapa&;ESihf ukepnfp;D qif;rI vsijf refouvufvm f G f apa&;wkdYtwGuf (75)wef cHEdkif0ef ESpvrf;oGm;oHuueu&pfwwm;tjzpf f l G f H tqifhjrifhaqmufvkyf&ef pDpOfxm;NyD; jzpfygaMumif;? ,if;odkY aqmufvkyf a&;twGuf 2011 ckEp?f rwfv(3)&uf S aeYwGif usif;yaom tpdk;&tzGJU tpnf;ta0;trSwfpOf (9^2011)odkY wifjycJNh y;D cGijhf yKre&&SNd y;D jzpfygaMumif;? d Yf (2012-2013)b@mESpfwGif &efyHkaiG vsmxm;wifjy aqmif&GufoGm;rnf jzpfygaMumif;/ a*G ; uk e f ; -0uf c sKyf - ewf a rmuf aysmfbG,fvrf;qHk (59^2)rdkif txd (29)rdkif (3)zmvHk t&Snf vrf;\ 315-2011 &ufaeYtxd vrf;tajc taerSm uw&mvrf; (3)rdif (4)zmvHk k ESifh ajrvrf; (25)rdkif(7)zmvHkjzpfyg aMumif;/ tqkdygvrf;rSm a'ozGHUNzdK;a&;tpD tpOfjzifh azmufvkyfxm;onfh vrf; jzpfNyD; aqmufvkyfa&;0efBuD;Xmevrf; r[kwfonfhtwGuf uw&mvrf; tqifhtxd wkd;jrifhazmufvkyf&ef tpD tpOf r&SdygaMumif;jzifh ajzMum;onf/ xdkYaemuf u&ifjynfe,frJqEe,f trSwf(5)rS OD;apmxGef;jratmif\ ]]u&ifjynfe,f? zmyGefcdkif? zmyGefu&if urarmif;vrf; tqifhjrifhwifay;&ef tpDtpOf &Sd^r&Sd}} ar;cGe;f ESihf pyfvsO;f zmyGef-urarmif;vrf;onf u&if jynfe,f? zmyGefcdkif? zmyGefNrdKUe,fESifh urarmif;NrdKUe,fcGJwkdYudk qufoG,f azmufvyxm;onfh vrf;jzpfygaMumif;? k f (57)rdi(4)zmvHk &Snvsm;Ny;D Ekiiawmf k f f d f H u (2004-2005)b@mESprS (2010f 2011)b@mESpftwGif; uw&mvrf; (25)rdif (1)zmvHk wk;d wufwnfaqmuf k ay;cJhygaMumif;? 31-5-2011 &ufaeY txd vrf;tajctaerSm uw&m vrf;(25)rdkif(1)zmvHk? ausmufvrf; (30)rdi(4)zmvHEihf trmcHvrf;(1)rkif k f k S d (7)zmvHk jzpfygaMumif;? uw&mvrf; tqifoYkd tqifjh riwifaqmif&u&ef h hf G f (32)rdkif (3)zmvHk usef&Sdonfhteuf 2011-2012 b@mESpfwGif cGJa0&&Sd onfh omrefjyifqifxe;f odr;f jcif; &efykH d aiGjzifh ausmufvrf;rS uw&mtqifh (10)rkdifwkd;jrifh aqmif&GufrSmjzpfNyD; vHkNcHKa&;tay:rlwnf aqmif&Guf ay;oGm;rnfjzpfygaMumif;/ 2012-2013 b@mESpwif uw&m f G vrf;tqifh aqmif&u&ef (22)rdif (3) G f k zmvHom use&awmhrnfjzpf uw&m k f dS wk vrf;tqifh wkd;jrifhaqmif&GufEdkif&ef aiGvHk;aiG&if;&efyHkaiGESifh jyifqifxdef; odr;f jcif;&efyaiGrsm; wifjyawmif;cHNy;D kH qufvufaqmif&u&ef pDpOfvsu&yg G f f dS aMumif;jzifh ajzMum;onf/ weoFm&Dwkdif;a'oBuD;rJqEe,f trSwf(3)rS OD;wifarmifjrifhu ]]avmif;vkHNrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd vrf;rsm; avmif tm; tqifjh riwifjyKjyifNy;D vrf;aumif; hf wpfckjzpfvma&;twGuf aqmif&Guf ay;&ef tpDtpOf &Sd? r&Sd}} ar;cGe;f ESihf pyfvsOf; weoFm&Dwkdif;a'oBuD; twGif;&Sd armif;ruef-uajrmuif;avmif;vH-ausmufearmfvrf;wGif yg0if k D onfh avmif;vHk-ausmufeDarmf vrf; tydkif;onf (25)rkdif&Snfvsm;NyD; uw&mvrf;trsKd;tpm;jzpfygaMumif;? 2011-2012 b@mESpfwGif cGJa0&&Sd onfh omrefjyifqifxdef;odrf;jcif; &efyaiGjzifh vrf;csKiaygufBu;D rsm;tm; kH d hf uw&mjzifh zmax;jcif;(14)rkdif? vrf; csKicursm;tm; ausmufojJ zifh zmax; d hf G f jcif;(7)rkiEihf aqG;jrnfaeaom opfom; dfS h wHwm;rsm;tm; topfvJvS,fjcif; wkdYudk aqmif&Gufvsuf&SdygaMumif;/ ausmufeDarmf-&Sifarmfvrf;tydkif; onf (12)rkif (4)zmvH&nvsm;Ny;D 31d k S f 5-2011 &ufaeYtxd vrf;tajctae rSm ausmufvrf;(8)rkdif (3)zmvHkESifh ajrvrf;(4)rkdif(1)zmvHkjzpfygaMumif;/ 2011-2012 b@mESpfwGif cGJa0 &&Sdonfh omrefjyifqifxdef;odrf;jcif; &efyHkaiGjzifh (10) rdkif(3)zmvHktwGif; ysufpD;aeonfh vrf;aygufrsm;udk ausmufoJjzifh jznfhcif;Budwfjcif; vkyief;udk aqmif&uvsu&ygaMumif;? f G f f dS qufvufNyD; vrf;tqifh wkd;jrifh aqmif&uEi&eftwGuf 2012-2013 G f kd f b@mESpwif aiGv;kH aiG&if;&efyaiGEihf f G kH S jyifqifxe;f odr;f jcif; &efyaiGrsm;wifjy d kH awmif;cHNyD; qufvufaqmif&Guf&ef pDpOfvsu&ygaMumif;jzifh ajzMum;onf/ f dS trsKd;om;vTwfawmf Oya'Murf; aumfrwDtzJUG 0if a'gufwmjrwfPpd;k u trsK;d om;vTwawmf a&G;aumufyJG f Oya'udk jyifqifonfhOya'Murf;ESifh pyfvsOf; Oya'Murf;aumfrwD\ tpD&ifcpmudzwfMum; &Si;f vif;onf/ H k jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyJGaumfr&Sif tzJUG 0if OD;jrifEiu ,if;Oya'Murf;udk h kd f twnfjyK&ef tqkdwifoGif;&m vTwawmfu,pm;vS,wpfO;D u axmuf f kd f f cHonf/ xdkYaemuf Oya'Murf;udk vTwawmfu twnfjyKaMumif; qH;k jzwf f onf/ xkdYaemuf trsKd;om;vTwfawmf Oya'Murf; aumfrwDtzJUG 0if OD;pd;k jrifh u wki;f a'oBu;D vTwawmfor[kwf d f Ykd jynfe,fvwawmf a&G;aumufyOya' T f JG udk jyifqifonfh Oya'Murf;ESihf pyfvsO;f Oya'Murf;aumfrwD\ tpD&ifcpm H udk zwfMum;&Si;f vif;onf/jynfaxmifpk a&G;aumufyaumfr&SitzJUG 0if OD;jrifEif GJ f h kd u Oya'Murf;udk twnfjyK&ef tqdukd k wifoGif;&m vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f wpfO;D u axmufcNH y;D ,if;Oya'Murf; udk vTwfawmfu twnfjyKaMumif; qHk;jzwfonf/ &Srf;jynfe,frJqEe,ftrSwf(1)rS OD;Pfvif;u trsKd;om;vTwfawmf qkdif&m Oya'udk jyifqifonfh Oya' Murf;udk zwfMum;wifoGif;&m ,if; Oya'Murf;udk aqG;aEG;pOf;pm;&ef vTwfawmfu oabmwlonf/ ,refaeYu ppfudkif;wkdif;a'oBuD; rJqEe,ftrSwf(9)rS OD;odef;0if; wifoi;f xm;onfh ]]trsKd;om;pDrHudef; G trsKd ESifh pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufrI0efBuD; XmerS pDrHcefYcGJaom Oya'rsm;rS jyifqifjznfhpGufjy|mef;oifhaom (u)
The Myanmar Companies Act

aMu;rHkowif;pm pmrsufESm 7
J wnfqOya'rsm;rS zsuor;f ? jyifqif? f d topfa&;qGJoifhonfh Oya'rsm;udk jyefvnfpppfNy;D ta&;,laqmif&u&ef d G f jynfaxmifptpd;k &tm;wkuwe;f aMumif;}} k d f G tqkukd rEav;wki;f a'oBu;D rJqEe,f d d trSw(5)rS OD;aZmfjrifazu ,Ofaus;rI f h 0efBu;D Xme? jyefMum;a&;0efBu;D XmeESihf tvkyform;0efBuD;XmewdkYu pDrHcefYcJG vsuf&Sdaom wnfqJOya'rsm;udk pdppfavhvm&mwGif zsuor;f oifaom f d h Oya'(51)ck? jyifqifjznfhpGufjy|mef; oifaom Oya'(111)ckEihf qufvuf h S usifhoHk; oifhaomOya' (115)ck pkpkaygif;(277)ckudk avhvmawGU&Sd&yg aMumif;ESihf tqduaxmufcygaMumif; k kd H jzifh aqG;aEG;onf/ qufvuf csi;f jynfe,f rJqEe,f trSwf(6)rS OD;qGef'kwfusifhu 0efBuD; Xme(4)cku pDr Hc ef Y c J G v suf & S d a om Oya'aygif;(82)ckudk pdppfavhvm&m wGif zsufodrf;oifhaom Oya'(4)ck? jyifqifjznfpujf y|mef;oifaom Oya' h G h (45)ckESifh qufvufusifhoHk;oifhaom Oya'(33) ckudk avhvmawGU&Sd&yg aMumif;jzifh aqG;aEG;onf/ weoFm&Dwdkif;a'oBuD; rJqEe,f trSwf (10)rS OD;oef;jrifu tqdwif h k G yg&Sdonfh tzJGUtpnf;(5)ckESifh 0efBuD; Xme(5)ckwdkYu pDrHcefYcJGvsuf&Sdaom Oya'(45)ckudk pdppfavhvm&mwGif zsuor;f oifaom Oya'(6)ck? jyifqif f d h jznfpujf y|mef;oifaomOya'(12)ckEihf h G h S qufvufusio;kH oifaomOya'(27) hf h ckukd pdppfawGU&S&ygaMumif;ESihf tqdukd d k axmufcHygaMumif;jzifh aqG;aEG;onf/ &efukefwkdif;a'oBuD; rJqEe,f trSwf(4)rS a'gufwmjrwfPpdk;u aqG;aEG;&mwGif w&m;H;k csKy?f ynma&; 0efBu;D Xme? use;f rma&;0efBu;D XmeESihf vlr0efxrf;? u,fq,fa&;ESihf jyefvnf I ae&mcsxm;a&;0efBuD;XmewdkYu pDrH cefYcJGaomOya'rsm;teuf zsufodrf; oifaomOya'(12)ck? jyifqifjznfpuf h h G jy|mef ; oif h a omOya' (36)ck E S i f h qufvufusio;kH oifaomOya' (33) hf h ckwdkYudk pdppfavhvmawGU&Sd&ygaMumif;? ynma&;0efBuD;XmewGif EdkifiHjcm; ynma&;0efaqmifrrsm;qdi&m Oya'? I k f use;f rma&;0efBu;D XmewGif use;f rma&; okawoevkyfief;qdkif&m Oya'ESifh use;f rma&;tmrcHOya'? vlr0efxrf;? I u,fq,fa&;ESihf jyefvnfae&mcsxm; a&;0efBuD;XmewGif rlBuKdausmif;rsm; qdkif&mOya'? roefpGrf;olrsm;tcGifh ta&;qdi&mOya'ESihf oufBu;D &G,tkd k f f apmifha&Smufa&;Oya'wdkYudk topf jy|mef;oifhaom Oya'rsm;tjzpf avhvmawGU&Sd&ygaMumif;ESifh tqdkudk axmufcygaMumif;jzifh aqG;aEG;onf/ H 'kw,a&SUaecsKyf OD;xGe;f xGe;f OD;u d ,if;tqkEipyfvsO;f aqmif&uxm; d S hf G f &SdrIrsm;udk ,refYaeYu jynfaxmifpk a&SUaecsKyfrS &Sif;vif;wifjyNyD;jzpfyg aMumif;? wnfqJOya'rsm;udk jyifqif jcif;? zsufodrf;jcif;? topfa&;qGJjcif; rsm;ESipyfvsO;f jynfaxmifpa&SUae hf k csKy;Hk taejzifh oufqi&mjynfaxmifpk f kd f 0efBuD;Xmersm;ESifh aygif;pyfndEIdif; aqmif & G u f v suf & S d N yD ; jynfaxmifpk 0efBu;D Xmersm;taeESivnf; ,ckyxr hf tBurvwawmf 'kw,ykref tpnf; d f T f d H S ta0;wGif jyifqifonfhOya'rsm;? topfa&;qGJonfh Oya'rsm;udk wifjy vsuf&SdygaMumif;/ odyg wifoi;f xm;onftqdEihf Yk G h k S pyfvsOf; vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f BuD;rsm; aqG;aEG;wdkufwGef;onfh twdkif; jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfkH;ESifh jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;Xmersm;rSvnf; taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&uvsuf G f &SdNyD; qufvufvnf; jynfaxmifpk tpdk;&tay: jynfolrsm;\tusdK;iSm apwemjziftBujH yKcsursm;udk tav; h f xm;aqmif&GufoGm;rnf jzpfygaMumif; jzifh jyefvnf&Sif;vif;aqG;aEG;NyD; pmrsufESm 8 aumfvH 1 okdY O

(c) The Partnership Act (*) EkdifiHawmfydkif pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm; Oya'wkdYudk jyifqifjznfhpGufjy|mef;&ef jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tm; wkdufwGef; aMumif ; }} tqkdudk vTwfawmfu twnfjyKaMumif; qHk;jzwfonf/ ,refaeYu yJcl;wkdif;a'oBuD; rJqEe,ftrSwf(10)rS OD;jrifhxGef; wifoi;f xm;onfh ]]tzGUJ tpnf;(9)&yf? G tzG 0efBu;D Xme (15)cku pDrcefcvsu&aom H Y JG f dS

2-9-2011
a&SUzHk;rS 0ef;odrqEe,frS OD;pd;k ydi\ ppfudkif;wkdif;a'oBuD; 0ef;okdNrdKUe,ftwGif; k J k f a'gif;jrL;wrHwnfaqmufa&;twGuf txl;pDrue;BuD;rsm;wnfaqmufcijhf yK&mwGif H df G yg0ifcaomfvnf; ,aeYwkdif pwifaqmif&uEkdijf cif; r&Sao;ygojzifh a'gif;jrL;wrH hJ G f d wnfaqmuf&ef tpDtpOf &Sd^r&Sd od&SdvdkaMumif; ar;cGe;f ESipyfvsO;f a'gif;jrL; hf a&avSmifwrHonf ppfudkif;wdkif;a'oBuD; uomcdkif 0ef;odkNrdKUe,f qnfOD; aus;&GmteD;wGiwnf&ygaMumif;? pduysKd ;a&;twGuomru 0ef;odNk rKd UESihf f dS k f f aumvif;NrKd U a&Bu;D rIrumuG,Ei&ef&nf&,Nf y;D txl;pDrue;f rsm; taumif S f kd f G H d txnfazmfa&;tzGUJ \ (1^2008)tpnf;ta0;rS wnfaqmuftaumiftxnf azmf&ef owfrwtwnfjyKcaom pDrue;f vkyief;jzpfygaMumif;? a'gif;jrL;acsmif; S f hJ H d f ay:wGif tjrifh(135)ay&Sd ajrom;wrHwnfaqmuf a&(64660){uay odavSmifum oD;xyf? oD;nytaejzifh v,f{u(1)aomif;ceftm; tusKd ;jyK k f Y Edirnfh pDrue;f vkyief;jzpfygaMumif;? wnfaqmufa&;vkyief;rsm;twGuf k f H d f f ZvaA'wdkif;wmjcif;? ajrjyifwdkif;wmjcif;? blrdaA'pl;prf;avhvmjcif;? wrH? (4_6)ay(2)aygufyg a&xkw>f yefEitus,ay(150)&Sd a&ydv'Zi;f yHpH xkwvyf S hf f k JT D kd k f k jcif;vkyief;rsm;tm; a&;qGaqmif&uNf y;D jzpfygaMumif;? Ediiawmftpd;k &tzGUJ \ f J G k f H vkyfief;OD;pm;ay; tpDtpOfrsm;t& &efyHkaiGcGJa0cGifhjyKay;EkdifrItay:wGif rlwnfNy;D v,f,mpduysKd ;a&;ESihf qnfajrmif;0efBu;D Xmetaejzifh vkyief;rsm;tm; k f f cGifhjyK&efyHkaiGt& qufvuftaumiftxnfazmf aqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfyg aMumif;jzifh ajzMum;onf/ tNyD;owfaumufcH ,if;rmyifrqEe,frS OD;aomif;[ef\ rkd;&moDpdkufysdK;p&dwf acs;aiGudk J jyefvnfay;qyf&rnfh aemufqHk;owfrSwf&uftm; aemufESpf rwfv(31)&uf odkr[kwf rwfv wwd,ywftuketxd NrdKUe,ftoD;oD;&Sd bPfcrsm;rS apmifqkdi; Y f JG h f aumufcHay;a&;udk yJpdkufawmifolrsm;\ tcuftcJESifh epfemrIrsm;udk a&S;INyD; pDpOfay;Edkifjcif; &Sd^r&Sd od&SdvdkaMumif; ar;cGe;f ESihf pyfvsO;f jrefrmhv,f,m zGUH NzKd ;a&;bPftaejzifh rk;d ? aqmif;? rd;k BuKd &moDtvduf oD;ESrsm;twGuf aiGxwf k H k acs;&mwGif acs;aiGjyefvnfaumufcHcsdef owfrSwfjcif;udk oD;ESHrsm;ray:cif aumufcygu aiGacs;ol awmiforsm;twGuf jyefvnfay;qyf&ef tcufBuKH H l EdiouJoYkd oD;ESrsm;a&mif;csNy;D awmiforsm;vuf0,faiGqyf&ef aiGr&Sawmh k f h H l d onfh tcsewirS aumufcyguvnf; acs;aiGrsm; tjynft0jyefvnf&&S&ef d f G f H h d tcuftcJ&rnfjzpfygaMumif;? odjYk zpf oD;ESrsm;aiGay:csef v,form;vuf0,f dS H d aiG0ifcsejf zpfonfh Zefe0g&DEihf azazmf0g&Dwwif acs;aiGrsm;udk pwifaumufcH d S Ykd G &efEirwfvukewif tNy;D owfaumufc&ef aqmif&uxm;&Sjd cif;jzpfygaMumif;? S hf f G H G f jrefrmhp;D yGm;a&;bPfracs;,lxm;&onhacs;aiGrsm;udk acs;,lonfh b@ma&;ESpf S f twGif; ajyausatmifqyf&ef bPfrSwm0ef,laqmif&Guf&onfhpepf jzpfyg aMumif;? odromvQif vmrnfb@ma&;ESpf aemufwpfEptwGuf xkwacs;&ef Yk S h S f f wGucsujf cif;ESihf vdtyfaiGacs;,l&&Sa&;twGuf jrefrmhp;D yGm;a&;bPfoYkd BuKd wif f k d wGucsuawmif;cH&jcif; udp&yfrsm;udk tcseuuf pDpOfaqmif&uEi&ef tcsef f f d f kd G f kd f d vdtyfygojzifh azazmf0g&DvtwGi;f jynfaxmifpcsKyf ajyausa&;aumufcaqmif k k H &Gujf cif; jzpfygaMumif;/ ,ckuJhodkY b@ma&;ESpftwGif;acs;aiGrsm;udk b@ma&;ESpfukeftrD wpfjynfv;kH twdi;f twmtaejzifh azazmf0g&DtwGi;f aumufcromowfrwf k H S S xm;onfhb@ma&;ESpfowfrSwfcsuf rwfvukefwGif pm&if;csKyfEdkifNyD; pm&if; &Si;f vif;EdirnfjzpfygaMumif;? tu,f rwfvuketxd apmifqi;f aumufcH k f f h kd ygu pm&if;&Si;f vif;&mwGif b@ma&;ESpausmveom;rnfjzpfNy;D vmrnfb@m f f G f G h a&;ESptwGuf aiGaMu;qdi&m pm&if;Z,m;rsm;a&;qG&mwGif IyaxG;rIrsm;ESihf f k f J f tcuftcJrsm;jzpfvmEdkifygaMumif;? wpfjynfvHk;twdkif;twmtaejzifh oD;ESH pduysKd ;cse?f oD;ESxu&csersm; a'otvdurwlnjD cif;tay: bPfvyief;rS k f d H G f dS d f k f k f toifavsmq;kH pDrwucsuaqmif&uae&ouJoYkd wpfzufuvnf; Ediiawmf h f H G f f G f h k f H b@maiGq;kH I;H rI? tvGo;kH pm;rIrsm;rjzpfa&;udvnf; rsujf cnfrjywf Bu;D Muyf J k aqmif&u&ygaMumif;? okjYd zpf rwfv 31 &uftxd apmifqi;f aumufcay;&ef G f h kd H ar;jref;xm;jcif;tay: bPftaejzifh acs;aiGjyefvnf ay;qyf&rnfh aemufq;kH &ufukd ,cif azazmf0g&D 15 &uf tpm; ,ck azazmf0g&Dvuketxd wd;k jricihf f hf G jyKNy;D aumufcay;oGm;rnfjzpfygaMumif;jzifh ajzMum;onf/ H "mwftm;&,lokH;pGJ t&mawmfrqEe,frS OD;ausmjf rif\ ppfukdi;wdki;a'oBuD; t&mawmfNrdKUe,f J h f f twGif;&Sd t&mawmfjrpfa&wifpDrHudef; (1)udk wnfaqmuf&eftpDtpOf &Sd^r&Sd? t&mawmfjrpfa&wifpDrHudef;(2)ESifh (3)vQyfppfoG,fwef;wyfqifa&;vkyfief;udk rnfonfhtcsdefwGif vkyfaqmifrnfESifh pDrHudef;udk rnfonfhumvwGif NyD;pD;atmif aqmif&GufrnfwdkYudk od&SdvdkaMumif; ar;cGe;f ESipyfvsO;f 2002 ckEpf {Nywif hf S D G t&mawmfNrdKUe,ftwGif; pdkufysdK;a&&&Sda&;twGuf rl;jrpfrSa&wifvkyfief;rsm; aqmif&u&ef t&mawmfNrKd Ue,f abmif;usaus;&GmteD; t&mawmf(1)pDrue;f ? G f H d rusD;apmufaus;&GmteD; t&mawmf(2)pDrHudef;ESifh ovJbmaus;&GmteD; H d S h t&mawmf(3)pDrue;f rsm;tjzpf owfrwNf y;D ueOD; uGi;f qif;avhvmcJonfukd rSwwrf;rsm;t& od&&ygaMumif;? abmif;usaus;&GmteD; t&mawmf(1) pDrue;f f dS H d udk rlvuyif EdiiawmfO;D pm;ay;tqifh owfrwxm;jcif;r&SbJ Ediiawmf&efykH k f H S f d k f H aiGEihf vQyppf"mwftm;cGa0&&Sd rI OD;pm;ay;vkyief;wGivnf; yg0ifcjhJ cif;r&Sonfh S f J f f d twGuf ,aeYtxd Ediiawmftxl;pDrue;f rsm; taumiftxnfazmfa&;tzGUJ k f H H d odkYvnf; wifjyawmif;cHxm;jcif;r&Sdao;onfudk rSwfwrf;rsm;t& awGU&Sd&yg aMumif;? t&mawmf(2) pDrue;f tm; 2002 ckEpf Zlvirvnf;aumif;? t&mawmf H d S kd f S (3) pDrue;f tm; 2003 ckEpf pufwifbmrSvnf;aumif; pwifaqmif&ucyg H d S G f hJ H d f d f S aMumif;? t&mawmf(2) pDrue;f twGuf vQyppf"mwftm;vktyfcsurm (20) trfAatjzpfNy;D t&mawmf(3)pDrue;f twGuf vQyppf"mwftm;vdtyfcsurm DG H d f k f S (45) trfAGDatjzpfygaMumif;? ppfudkif;NrKdU uefwvlaus;&GmteD; tkef;awm J kH DG J kH "mwftm;cGae&mwGif (230^66^11)auAD?G (100)trfAat cG(1)ck wnf aqmufNy;D t&mawmf(2)? t&mawmf(3)? qifwyf? aysm&mESihf wyf&mpDrue;f rsm; h G G H d odYk "mwftm;&,lo;kH pG&ef aqmif&uqjJ zpfygaMumif;/ J G f DG J Hk tke;f awmyifrcGkH 230^66^11 auAD?G (100)trfAatcGtm; a&t&if; J tjrpftoH;k csa&;OD;pD;XmerS 2010-2011ckEpwif pmcsKycsKyq0,f,cNhJ y;D &efyaiG S f G f f kd l kH tar&duefa':vm (5 'or 1)oef; vsmxm;wifjycJaomfvnf; Ediiawmftae h k f H h jzifh tjcm;OD;pm;ay;vkyief;rsm; &SaeonftwGuf tar&duefa':vm (2'or f d 13) oef;om cGijhf yKay;EdicygaMumif;? odjYk zpf 2012-2013ckEpwif tar&duef k f hJ S f G a':vm (2'or97)oef; OD;pm;ay;&&Sa&; wifjyawmif;cHom;rnfjzpfygaMumif;? d G Ediiawmfu vdtyf&efyaiG cGijhf yKay;rI&ygu 2013-2014ckEpwif (100)&mcdif k f H k kH dS S f G k EIe;f Ny;D pD;rnfjzpfygaMumif;? Ediiawmftpk;d &taejzifh wpfEiiv;kH twdi;f twm k f H kd f H k t& u@tvduf OD;pm;ay;vkyief;rsm; a&G;cs,owfrwNf y;D EdiijH cm;aiG tyg k f f S k f

pmrsuESm 3 f

jyefvnf ajzMum;
vl 0if rI BuD ; Muyf a &; ESifh jynfolY tif tm; 0efBuD; Xme jynfaxmifpk 0ef BuD; OD;cif&D ar; jref;csufrsm; udk jyefvnf ajzMum;pOf/ (owif;pOf)
t0if &efyaiGvtyfcsutm; cGijhf yKay;Edirtay:wGirwnf taumiftxnf kH dk f k f I f l azmf&onfh pDrue;f vkyief;rsm;jzpfonftm;avsmpm OD;pm;ay;tqifh tpDtpOf H d f h f G rsm;t& taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&uae&jcif;jzpfonfukd od&em;vnfay; G f dS Ediyg&efEihf v,f,mpduysKd ;a&;ESihf qnfajrmif;0efBu;D Xmetaejzifh EdiiEit0ef; k f S k f k f H S hf vktyfcsursm;tay:wGif Ediiawmf\ &efyaiGcijhf yKay;EdirI tajctaeay:wGif d f k f H kH G k f rlwnfNy;D qufvuftaumiftxnfazmf aqmif&uom;rnf jzpfygaMumif;jzifh G f G ajzMum;onf/ wefqnfrqEe,frS OD;wifjrif\ ppfudkif;wdkif;a'oBuD; wefYqnfNrdKUe,f&Sd Y J h v,f{u(1)aomif;ausmftm; qnfa&ay;a0Edkifa&;twGuf pDwHk;vHk;acsmif;tm; wrHydwf&ef txl;pDrHudef;rsm;wGif yg0ifcJhaomfvnf; ,aeYwdkifaqmif&Gufvkyfudkif jcif;r&Sdao;ojzifh qufvuftaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf&ef tpDtpOf &Sd^r&Sd hf kd d od&vkaMumif; ar;cGe;f ESipyfvsO;f pDy'H;k a&avSmifwrHonf ppfui;f wki;f a'oBu;D dS d wefqnfNrKd Ue,f tdi;f raus;&GmteD;wGif wnf&ygaMumif;? pduysKd ;a&;twGuf Y k dS k f omru uif;wufvuf,majrmif; a&BuD;rIrS umuG,fEdkif&eftwGufvnf; tusKd ;&&SapEdirnfjzpfygaMumif;? txl;pDrue;f rsm; taumiftxnfazmfa&; d k f H d tzGJ Y\(1^2009)tpnf;ta0;rS cGifhjyKay;cJhNyD; pDy'kHk;acsmif;(pDwHk;vHk;acsmif;) ay:wGif tjrifh(71)ay&Sd ajrom;wrHwnfaqmuf a&(49470){uay k f odavSmifum v,f{u (10000)twGuf a&ay;Edi&ef taumiftxnfazmf k aqmif&urnfprue;f jzpfygaMumif;? pDrue;f vkyief;tm; pwifEi&eftwGuf G f h D H d H d f kd f ZvaA'wkdif;wmjcif;? ajrjyifwkdif;wmjcif;ESifh blrdaA'pl;prf;avhvmjcif;wdkYudk aqmif&uNf y;D jzpfygaMumif;? wrH? a&xkw>f yefEihf a&ydv'Zi;f yHprsm;udk a&;qGJ G S k JT D kd k H aqmif&uqjJ zpfygaMumif;? EdiiEit0ef; vdtyfcsursm;tay: Ediiawmftpd;k & G f k f H S hf k f k f H taejzifh u@tvduf OD;pm;ay;tpDtpOfrsm;t& &efyaiG cGa0cGijhf yKay;EdirI k kH J k f tay:wGif wnfrSDNyD; v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&;ESifhqnfajrmif;0efBuD;Xmetaejzifh vkyfief;tm; taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufay;oGm;rnf jzpfygaMumif;jzihf jyefvnfajzMum;onf/ vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f(2)OD;\ ynma&;u@qdkif&m ar;cGef;(4)ckESifh pyfvsO;f ynma&;0efBu;D Xme jynfaxmifp0efBu;D a'gufwmjrat;u jyefvnf k ajzMum;onf/ pDpOfxm; [krvif;rJqEe,frS OD;at;\ ppfudkif;wdkif;a'oBuD; [krvif;NrdKUonf csi;wGi;jrpftxufykdi; NrdKUe,fwpfckjzpfNyD; a'owGi;vlO;a&oHk;ode;eD;yg;&Sojzifh f f f f D f d txufcsi;wGi;a'oaumvdyf wnfaxmifzivpay;Edkijf cif; &S^r&Sd od&vkdaMumif; f f G hf S f d dS ar;cGe;f ESipyfvsO;f ppfui;f wki;f a'oBu;D wuov0ifwef; ajzqkatmifjrif hf kd d kd f d aom ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;u rdrwoif,vaom txl;jyKbmom&yfrsm; d Ykd l kd udk oufqi&mNrKd Ue,ftvduf a&Tbwuov?f uav;wuov?f rH&mwuovf kd f k dk kd kd k G kd wdwif oif,vsu&MdS uygaMumif;? [krvif;? v[,f? av&S;D ? cE;D ? azmif;jyifNrKd Ue,f Yk G l f rsm;rS wuov0ifwef;atmifjriforsm;onf rH&mwuovoom;a&muf kd f l k G kd f Ykd G wuovynm&yfrsm;udk qnf;yl;&efowfrwxm;ygaMumif;? xkoYkd wuov?f kd f S f d kd aumvdyrsm;owfrway;&mwGiom;vmrItqifajyEdiq;kH ? ukeusp&dwf tenf; f S f f G k f f qH;k jzpfaprIutajccH rdra'oESitoifawmfq;kH ae&mwGif ynmoif,cihf kd d hf h l G &&Sap&ef pDpOfxm;jcif;jzpfygaMumif;? 2010-2011 ynmoifEpwif rH&m d S f G k G wuov [krvif;? v[,f? av&S;D ? cE;D ? azmif;jyif NrKd Ue,frsm;rS ausmif;om;? kd f ausmif;olO;D a&(551)OD; ynmqnf;yl;&ef pDpOfxm;jcif;jzpfygaMumif;/ xkjYd yif Ediiwumuusio;kH vsu&aom University of Distance Eduk f H hf f dS cation udk wnfaxmifum Ediiwpf0ef;vH; rnfonft&yfaexkionfjzpfap k f H k h d f wuovynmoifMum;Eki&ef tcGitvrf; zGiay; pD;yGm;a&;ynmtygt0if kd f d f hf hf 0dZmodyynm&yftm;vH;k udk oifMum;ay;vsu&ygaMumif;? odjYkzpf avmavmq,f H f dS wGif aumvdywnfaxmifzivpay;Edijf cif; r&Sao;ygaMumif;jzifh ajzMum;onf/ f G hf S f k d bl;oD;awmifrJqEe,frS OD;a&Tarmif(c)OD;t'la&mfZuf\ yxrtBudrf usif;yjyKvkyfaom jynfolYvTwfawmfyHkrSeftpnf;ta0;wGif ]&ckdifjynfe,f bl;oD; awmifNrdKUe,fEiarmifawmNrdKUe,frsm;rS tajccHynmtxufwef;pmar;yGwif xl;cRef S hf J G pGmatmifjrifaom ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;onf wnfqEkiiom;Oya'ESihf udkunD Jd fH f aom EdkifiHom;jzpfNyD; tedrfhqHk;trSwfudkjynfhrDygu wuodkvf? aumvdyfESifh odyH rsm;odkY0ifcGifhjyKaMumif;} ajzMum;cJh&m xkdausmif;om;rsm;\ EdkifiHom;uwfudk Edkiiawmftpdk;&ESihf oufqki&mXmersm;u tcser&&Satmif rnfuokYd jyKvkyaqmif&uf fH df dfD d hJ f G ay;Edkifrnfudk od&SdvdkaMumif; ar;cGef;? yxrtBudrf usif;yjyKvkyfaom jynfolY vTwawmfykretpnf;ta0;wGif ]&cdkijf ynfe,f bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fEihf armifawm f H Sf S NrdKUe,frsm;rS tajccHynmausmif;rsm;wGif a'ocHq&m? q&mrrsm; cefYxm;Edkifa&; twGuf EdkifiHawmftpkd;&u aqmif&Gufvsuf&SdaMumif;} ajzMum;cJhaomfvnf; bl;oD;awmifESifharmifawmNrdKUe,frsm;\ a'ocHbmompum;ESifh "avhxHk;pHudk em;vnfaom ZmwdE,zm; a'ocHq&m? q&mrrsm; &&Satmif rnfuokdaqmif&uf G f G d hJ Y G vsu&onfukdo&vkdaMumif; ar;cGe;ESihf &ckijf ynfe,f armifawmcdki\ ynma&; f dS d dS f d f edrusaerIonf EdkiiawmfbufpkHzUHG NzdK;wdk;wufa&;ESivaerIb0jrifrm;a&;udk rsm;pGm hf f H hf l h [efYwm;aeygojzifh EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u rnfodkYaqmif&Gufay;Edkifrnfudk od&Sdvdk aMumif; ar;cGe;f rsm;ESipyfvsO;f &ckijf ynfe,f bl;oD;awmifEihf armifawm hf d S NrdKUe,frsm;rS wuodkvf0ifpmar;yGJatmifjrifolrsm;onf rdrdBudKufESpfouf&m toufarG;0rf;ausmif;wuodkvf? aumvdyf? odyHausmif;rsm;odkYwufa&muf oif,lEdkifMuygaMumif;? tqdkyg wuodkvf? aumvdyf? odyHausmif;rsm;odkY

wufa&mufEi&eftwGuf owfrwxm;aom wuov0ifpmar;yGJ atmifjrif kd f S f kd f onfh &rSwjf ynfr&efvtyfNy;D wuov0ifcihf pdppfa&G;cs,a&;tzGUJ \ Oya'? h D dk kd f G f pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;ESivnf; nDw&efvtyfygaMumif;/ hf G f kd wm0efxrf;aqmif 'kw,ar;cGe;f ESipyfvsO;f bl;oD;awmifNrKUd e,fEihf armifawmNrKd Ue,f&dS d hf S tajccHynmausmif;rsm;wGicefxm;aom q&m? q&mrtrsm;pkrm a'ocHrsm; f Y S jzpfygaMumif;? tjcm;a'orSvma&mufwm0efxrf;aqmifol tenf;i,fom &SdygaMumif;? ZeD;? cifyGef;? rdbrsm;ajymif;a&TUwm0efxrf;aqmif&modkY ,m,D vma&mufwm0efxrf;aqmifaeMujcif;omjzpfygaMumif;? wm0efNy;D qH;k onftcg h rdrda'oodkY jyefMu&rnfholrsm; jzpfygaMumif;? &ckdifjynfe,f&Sd NrdKUe,f(17)ck twGi;f &Sd a'ocHq&m? q&mrrsm;onf rdrwwm0efus&m NrKd Ue,frsm;odYk &mxl; d Ykd tvduf oGm;a&mufwm0efxrf;aqmifaeMujcif;? rdrwarG;&yfa'owGif wm0ef k d Ykd xrf;aqmif&ouJoYkd tjcm;NrKd Ue,frsm;odYk oGm;a&mufwm0efxrf;aqmifMu&jcif; h omjzpfygaMumif;? &ckijf ynfe,ftwGi;f om rdr&mxl;wm0efae&mtavsmuf d d oGm;a&mufwm0efxrf;aqmifaeMu&ygaMumif;? xkdenf;wl bl;oD;awmif? armifawm arG;zGm;olrsm;vnf; tjcm;a'owGif &mxl;wd;k oGm;a&mufwm0ef xrf;aqmifaeMuolrsm;&SdouJhodkY tjcm;a'orS bl;oD;awmif? armifawm vma&mufwm0efxrf;aqmifMuolrsm;vnf; &SdygaMumif;/ ynma&;0efBuD;Xme\ oifwef;om;a&G;cs,fa&;? 0efxrf;cefYxm;a&;rl t& bl;oD;awmifEihf armifawmNrKd Ue,frS a'ocHrsm;udom a&G;cs,cefxm;&ef S k f Y rjzpfEiygaMumif;? &ckijf ynfe,fwpfcv;kH rS rdrw&mxl;ae&mtvduf wm0eft& kd f d k d Ydk k

[krvif; rJqEe,frS jynfovwawmfukd,pm;vS,f Yl T f f OD;at; ar;jref;pOf/ (owif;pOf)

,if;rmyif rJqEe,frS jynfovwawmfukd,pm;vS,f Yl T f f OD;aomif;[ef ar;jref;pOf/ (owif;pOf)

oGm;a&mufxrf;aqmifMu&ygaMumif;? tjcm;aomwdkif;a'oBuD;? jynfe,f rsm;wGifvnf; rdrdwdkif;a'oBuD;r[kwfaomfvnf; tqifajyaomenf;jzifh vkyief;u@tvdutqifajyatmif wm0eft& oGm;a&mufwm0efxrf;aqmif f k f aeMu&ygaMumif;? a'ocH q&m? q&mrrsm;cefxm;a&;ESihf ywfouf ,cifu Y ynma&;XmewGif q&m? q&mrtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifvdkolrsm;\ qEjyK avQmufvmrsm;t&cefxm;cJygaMumif;? ,cktcg ynma&;aumvdyqif;olrsm; T Y YJ f udkoma&G;cs,fcefYxm;ygaMumif;? ynma&;aumvdyfoifwef; wufa&mufcGifh a&G;cs,&mwGif cditvkuf tcsKd ;usca0pepfjzifh usm;^rtcsKd ;? bmom&yf f k f d JG tcsKd ;t&a&G;cs, oifwef;wufa&mufapNy;D oifwef;qif;olrsm;udk ae&m f vpfvyfrItay:rlwnf rdrda'o OD;pm;ay;jyefvnfcefYxm;ygaMumif;? oifwef;om;a&G;cs,&mwGif owfrwxm;aom Oya'? pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm; f S f ESihf nDwygu rnforqdk pmar;yG0ifa&mufajzqdci&ygaMumif;/ G f l J k G hf dS jynfhpHkpGmcefYxm; wwd,ar;cGef;ESifhpyfvsOf; wuodkvf0ifpmar;yGJatmifcsuf&mcdkifEIef; onf yHre&aejcif;rsKd ;r[kwbJ twuftus? tenf;trsm;uGm[rI&aernfjzpfyg k S f dS f dS aMumif;? wuov0ifpmar;yGatmifcsu&mcdiEe;f onf ausmif;om;? ausmif;ol kd f J f k f I rsm;\ oif,avhvmBuKd ;pm;tm;xkwrtay:wGif rlwnfygaMumif;? ESptvduf l f I f k wuov0ifpmar;yGJ atmifcsu&mcdiEe;f rSm2009ckEpwif bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f kd f f k f I S f G (19'or95) &mcdiEe;f ? armifawmNrKd Ue,f (17'or27)&mcdiEe;f ? 2010jynfEpf k f I k f I h S wGif bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f(22'or87) &mckiEe;f ? armifawmNrKd Ue,f(18'or85) d f I &mcdkifEIef;? 2011ckESpfwGif bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f (20'or 41)&mckdifEIef;? armifawmNrKd Ue,f (17'or05) &mcdiEe;f jzpfygaMumif;? armifawmNrKd Ue,fwif k f I G txu (5)ausmif;? txu(cG) (3)ausmif;? tvu(8)ausmif;? tvu(cG) J J (1) ausmif;? wGzuftvu(1)ausmif;? rl^vGe(16)ausmif;? tru (125)ausmif; J f wduvnf;aumif;? bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,fwif txu (3)ausmif;? txu(cG) Yk kd G J (1) ausmif;? wGzuftxu (2)ausmif;? tvu (3)ausmif;? tvu(cG) (3) J J ausmif;? rl^vGeausmif; (20)? tru (122) ausmif;wdukd vnf;aumif;zGivpf f Yk hf S xm;Ny;D jzpfygaMumif;? armifawmcdiwif tajccHynmausmif;rsm; vHavmufpm k f G k G zGivpxm;Ny;D q&m^q&mrrsm; jynfppmcefxm;Ny;D jzpfyg ynma&;edrusrI hf S f h kH G Y hf r&SygaMumif;jzifh jyefvnfajzMum;onf/ d vTwawmfu,pm;vS,(2)OD;\ vl0ifrBI u;D Muyfa&;u@qdi&m ar;cGe;f f kd f f k f (3)ckukd vl0ifrBI u;D Muyfa&;ESihf jynfotiftm;0efBu;D Xme jynfaxmifp0efBu;D Yl k OD;cif&u jyefvnfajzMum;onf/ D today;ajymMum; armifawmrJqEe,frS OD;aZmfud&ftmruf(c)OD;atmifaZmf0if;\ &ckdif jynfe,f armifawmcdkif&Sd a'ocHjynfaxmifpkzGm; jrefrmrlpvifrsm;tm; EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u ,m,DEdkifiHom;oufaocHuwfjym; (tjzLa&mifuwf)rsm;udk EdkifiHom;pdppfa&;uwfjym;(yef;a&mifuwf)rsm;jzifh rnfonfhtcsdefwGif vJvS,f xkwfay;rnfudk od&SdvdkaMumif; ar;cGe;f ESipyfvsO;f a'ocHjrefrmrlpvifrsm; hf qdonfh toH;k tEIe;f onf ,if;a'o aexkiaomb*FgvDvrsKd ;rsm;udk &nfe;f k d f l T ajymqdjk cif;jzpfrnf[k ,lqygaMumif;? wnfqOya't& vlwpfO;D wpfa,muf J onf EdiiEpc\Ekiiom;tjzpf wpfNyKd iwnf;cH,cir&SonftwGuf jrefrm k f H S f k d f H f l G hf d h Ediiom;tjzpfuom cH,rnfqygu tjcm;Ediiom;jzpfaerIukd w&m;0ifpevwf k f H kd l kd k f H G Yf T &rnfjzpfygaMumif;? oufqkdif&m EdkifiHOya't& xkdEdkifiH\EdkifiHom;rjzpf&ef vdktyfygaMumif;? ,if;odkYaqmif&Guf&mwGif rl&if;vlrsdK;ESifh oufqdkifaom oufqdkif&mEdkifiHjcm;oHHk; if;EdkifiH\ EdkifiHom;tjzpfrSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;r&Sd aMumif;ESihf if;Edii\ Ediiu;l vufrwukd k f H k f H S f pmrsufESm 4 aumfvH 1 odkY

2-9 (03).pmd

9/2/2011, 2:27 AM

pmrsuESm 4 f
pmrsufESm 3 rS xkwf,lxm;jcif;r&SdaMumif; ponfh taxmuftxm;rsm; wifjy&rnfjzpfyg aMumif;? vuf&twnfjyKjy|mef;xm;onfh 1982ckEpf jrefrmEdiiom;Oya'yk'r dS S k f H f 3 wGif ]]EdkifiHawmfwGifyg0ifaom e,fajrwpfck jrefrmou&mZf 1185ckESpf? c&pfou&mZf 1823-ckEpf rwdkirD umvrSp yif&if;Edkiitjzpf tjrJaexkicaom S f f H d f hJ ucsif? u,m;? u&if? csif;? Arm? rGef? &ckdif? &Srf; ponfhwdkif;&if;om;rsm;ESifh rsdK;EG,fpkrsm;onf jrefrmEdkifiHom;jzpfonf}}[k azmfjyxm;jcif;aMumifh Oya' azmfjycsuwiyg&Sonfh wdi;f &if;om;rsm;ESirsKd ;EG,prsm; r[kwygu Ediiom; f G f d k hf f k f k f H tjzpf ckirmpGmtwnfjyKEiatmif qufvufaqmif&u&rnfh taxmuftxm; d f kd f G f rsm;udk wifjy&rnfhvkyfief;pOfrsm;usef&Sdaeao;onfudk today;ajymMum; vdkygaMumif;/ Ediiom;pdppfa&;uwfxway;jcif;vkyief;udk vlrsKd ;? bmomtay:tajccH k f H k f f aqmif&uay;jcif;r[kwbJ 1982 ckEpf atmufwbm 15 &ufu twnfjyK G f f S dk jy|mef;cJaom jrefrmEdiiom;Oya'yg owfrwjf y|mef;xm;onfh Ediiom;t&nf h k f H S k f H tcsi;f jynfrjD cif; &S^r&Sqaom tcsutay:tajccHNy;D xkway;&jcif;jzpfyg h d d kd f f aMumif;? 1982 ckESpf jrefrmEdkifiHom;Oya'yg jrefrmEdkifiHom;t&nftcsif; owfrwcsursm;ESiywfoufNy;D Mo*kwf 26 &ufu oCFe;f uRe;f rJqEe,frS S f f hf jynfovwawmfu,pm;vS,f OD;ode;f Ge\ ar;jref;csuukd ajzMum;cJpOfu Yl T f kd f Yf f h tao;pdw&i;f jycJNh y;D jzpfygaMumif;? um,uH&itaejzifh Ediiom;tjzpf tusKH ; f S S f k f H 0ifaMumif;? bk;d bGm;? rdbwd\ taxmuftxm;rsm; wduscirmpGm wifjyEdif Yk kd f k rSom Ediiom;pdppfa&;uwfjym; &&SEirnfjzpfouJoYkd rdr0efxrf;rsm;bufu k f H d kd f h d EdkifiHom;jzpfaMumif; taxmuftxm;cdkifrmpGm wifjyEdkifoludkom EdkifiHom; pdppfa&;uwfjym;xkway;Edirnf jzpfygaMumif;? 1982 ckEpf jrefrmEdiiom; f k f S k f H Oya'ESihf 1940 jynfEpf EdiijH cm;om;rsm; rSwywifa&;tufOya'wdt& jrefrm h S k f f kH Yk EdiitwGi;f aexkiowpfO;D OD;onf Oya'ESitnD Ediiom;pdppfa&;uwfjym; k f H d f l hf k f H odr[kwf {nfEiiom;vufrwf odr[kwf Ediiom;jyKcivufrwf odr[kwf Yk h kd f H S Yk k f H G hf S Yk EdkifiHjcm;om;rSwfyHkwifvufrSwfESifh ,m,DoufaocH vufrSwfwpfrsdK;rsdK;udk udiaqmifMu&rnf jzpfygaMumif;? Ediiom; okr[kwf {nfEiiom; odr[kwf k f k f H Yd h kd f H kY Ediiom;jyKci&ol odr[kwf EdiijH cm;om;jzpfaMumif; taxmuftxm;jynfppm k f H G hf Yk k f h kH G rwifjyEdiorsm;udk Ediiom;oHo,tjzpf ,m,Dowfrw&rnfjzpfNy;D ,m,D k f l k f H S f oufaocHvufrwrsm; xkway;udiaqmifMu&rnfjzpfygaMumif;? ,if;uJoYkd S f f k f h Oya'ESifhtnD udkifaqmifoihfonfh uwfjym;wpfrsdK;rsdK; &&SdudkifaqmifEdkif&ef twGuf 1982 ckEpf jrefrmEdiiom;Oya'yg owfrwcsuEiuunygu S k f H S f f S hf kd f D ]]EdkifiHom;? {nfhEdkifiHom;? EdkifiHom;jyKcGifh&olqdkif&m pHkprf;ppfaq;a&;tzGJU}}\ axmufccsujf zifh Ediiom;jyKci&oltjzpf avQmufxm;Mu&rnf jzpfygaMumif;? H k f H G hf xdjYk yif 1983 ckEpf Ediiom;jyKci&olqi&m vkyx;kH vkyenf;rsm; tyd'(46)ESihf S k f H G hf kd f f f k f tnD avQmufxm;Edionfuvnf; today;ajymMum;vdygaMumif;? xkoYkd k f kd k d avQmufxm;olrsm;twGuf wdkif;a'oBuD;^jynfe,fESifh NrdKUe,ftqifhrsm;wGif taxmuftuljyK pdppfMuyfrwfay;Edi&efEiunaqmif&uay;Edi&ef tzGUJ rsm; k f S hf l D G f k f zGJUpnf;ay;xm;NyD;jzpfygaMumif;/ tcsdef,lpdppf Ediiom;oHo,&Sorsm;\ avQmufxm;csutay:2009 ckEpf Ed0ifbm k f H d l f S k 24 &ufrp ,aeYtxd(105051)OD;tm; Ediiom;jyKci&oltjzpf aqmif&uf S k f H G hf G ay;cJNh y;D jzpfygaMumif;? ,cktcg &ckijf ynfe,f armifawmcdiwpfcwnf;twGuf d k f k omru Ediiwpf0ef;&Sd aoG;aESmjynforsm;twGuf &oifonfh todtrSwjf yK k f H l h ukefuscHae&ygojzifh xkdudpudkyaysmufatmif EdkifiHawmftpkd;&u rnfuJhodkY aqmif&Gufay;Edkifrnfudk od&SdvdkaMumif; ar;cGef;ESifh armifawmcdkiftwGif;&Sd bkd;bGm;pOfqufaexkdifol a'ocHjrefrmrlpvifrsm;tay: EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;twGuf jy|mef;aomOya'aMumif;t& (v0u yHkpH-4) jzifh ta&;,ltrdefYxkwfxm; aMumif;udk tpdk;&taejzifh rnfuJhodkYta&;,laqmif&Gufrnfudk od&SdvdkaMumif; ar;cGe;f rsm;ESipyfvsO;f bl;oD;awmif? armifawma'orS ppfawGEi&efueukd hf S hf k f oGm;a&muf&m vrf;wpfavQmufwif wpfzufEiiae b*FgvDrsm; w&m;r0if G kd f H ck;d 0ifrI umuG,wm;qD;Edia&;twGuf vHNk cKH a&;ESitrsKd ;om;a&;vktyfcsut& f k f hf d f vdtyfonfh ae&mrsm; ppfaq;Muyfrwfjcif;vkyief;rsm;udk xdxa&mufa&muf k f d aqmif&GufEdkif&eftwGuf oufqdkifonfhXmeaygif;pHkyg0ifaom yl;aygif;tzGJU rsm;jzifh pdppf? ppfaq;jcif;rsm; aqmif&uvsu&ygaMumif;? epfemolrsm;&Sygu G f f dS d um,uH&irsm;taejzifh tcse?f ae&m tygt0if wdusreuefonfh taxmuf S f d S f txm;rsm;jzifh w&m;0ifwiMf um;rI jyKvy&rnfjzpfygaMumif;? vmbfay;vmbf,l dk k f jyKvyygu wdiMf um;EdiaMumif;udk vufurf;pmapmifrsm; oef;ESicsjzefa0tod k f k k f hf D Y

2-9-2011
&SdvmcJhNyDjzpfygaMumif;? xkdYaMumifh EdkifiHawmfvHkjcHKa&;ESifhtrsdK;om;a&; vdktyf csutjzpf vwfwavmcGjJ cm;&ef cufconftwGuf ,ckuoYkd c&D;oGm;vmcGihf f J h hJ yHkpH(4)udktoHk;jyK c&D;oGm;vmaponfhenf;udk pdppfaqmif&Gufae&jcif;jzpf ouJoYkd vduemrI&atmifvnf; MuyfMuyfrwfrwf aqmif&u&jcif;yif jzpfyg h k f dS G f aMumif;? EdkifiHtwGif;c&D;oGm;vmMu&mwGif rnfolrqdka&muf&Sdwnf;cdkaexkdif aomae&mrsm; pepfwus{nfpm&if; wdiMf um;aexki&jcif;? xyfw;dk cGihf h k d f awmif;cH&jcif;? rvduemygu wnfqOya't& ta&;,lEijf cif;ponfpepf k f J kd h onf EdkifiHawmfvHkjcHKa&;t& aqmif&Gufae&onfh pepfwpfckjzpfygaMumif;? ,if;odYk pdppfMuyfrwfaeonfMh um;uyif 2005 ckEprS 2011 ckEpf Mo*kwf 29 S f S &uftxd jrefrmEdiitwGi;f odYk w&m;r0if 0ifa&mufol wpfzufEiiom;(278)OD; k f H kd f H udk ae&mtEH pdppfazmfxwf zrf;qD;ta&;,lEicygaMumif;? okjYd zpf pepfwus YS k kd f hJ pdppf? ppfaq;cGijhf yK&efEihf vduemapa&; Muyfrwf&efvnf; trSewu,f vdtyf S k f f k aeqJ jzpfygaMumif;/ Muyfrwfaqmif&Guf c&D;oGm;vmcGiyp(4)udk toH;k jyKjcif;onf c&D;oGm;vmcGiywyifjcif;r[kwf hf kH H hf d f ygaMumif;? pepfwus ppfaq;cGijhf yKonfpepfukd usio;kH jcif;omjzpfygaMumif;? h hf pepfwif NrKd Ue,ftwGi;f rdrom;vd&mae&mudk vGwvyfpmoGm;vmEdici&yg G d G k f G k f G hf dS aMumif;? jynfe,ftwGif; NrdKUausmfoGm;vmrnfqdkygu NrdKUe,fOD;pD;rSL;^ cdkif OD;pD;rSL;^jynfe,fOD;pD;rSL;wdkYxH cGifhjyKcsuf&,lNyD; avQmufxm;oGm;vmEdkifNyD; jynfe,fausmom;rnfqygu jynfe,frLS ;\axmufcrjI zifh a'otmPmyditzGUJ f G kd H k f odkY wifjycGifhjyKcsufjzifh cGifhjyKay;vsuf&SdygaMumif;? vuf&Sdtajctaetxd owfrwcsuEijhf ynfpaom c&D;oGm;vmcGitm;vH;k udk cGijhf yKay;vsu&ygaMumif;? S f f S h kH hf f dS ynmoifMum;cGi?hf use;f rma&;? vlra&;ponfh udprsm;wGivnf; vdtyfcsuf I f k tay:rlwnfNy;D a&mufonfae&mrS wifjycsutay: xyfw;kd cGijhf yKjcif;rsm;vnf; h f jyKvyay;vsu&ygaMumif;? xdaMumifh EdiiawmfvjkH cKH a&;ESitrsKd ;om;a&; vdtyf k f f dS Yk k f H hf k csut& qufpyfe,fajrrSwpfqifh a&maxG;Ny;D w&m;r0if ck;d 0ifvmrnfh b*FgvD f vlrsKd ;rsm;udk wm;qD;Edi&eftwGuf v0uyHp(4)udk ,if;a'oae b*FgvDvrsKd ; k f k H l rsm;twGuf toH;k jyKaeMujcif;jzpf&m vdtyfcsut& Muyfrwfaqmif&uae& k f G f jcif;omjzpfygaMumif;jzifh jyefvnfajzMum;onf/ tqdaqG;aEG;jcif;u@wGif ,refaeYuwifoi;f cJaom csazGrqEe,frS k G h D J OD;Zk;H wde\ ]]ucsifjynfe,fonf jrefrmEdkifiH\pwkwpyg;usDjzpf&rnf[laom Yf &nfrSef;csufatmifjrifa&;twGuf pdkufysdK;a&&&Sda&;? qnfajrmif;? wmwrHrsm; a'otajctaet& wnfaqmufay;a&;}} tqdkudk vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (3)OD;u aqG;aEG;Muonf/ tav;teufaxmufcH wEdi;f rJqEe,frS OD;rsKd ;aqGu aqG;aEG;&mwGif Ediiawmftydi;f u qnfa& k k f H k aomuf{&d,mrsm; wd;k jrifvmap&eftwGuf pduysKd ;a&&&Sa&;vkyief;rsm;udk h k f d f xyfrzefw;D jznfqnf;ay;rnfqygu &moDOwkajymif;vJr'Pfukd ausmvm; H h kd I f T Edirnftjyif wpfo;D rSEpo;D ? oH;k oD;txd wd;k wufxwvyEirnfjzpfygaMumif;? k f h S f k f k f kd f xkdYjyif obm0ywf0ef;usifysufpD;rIudkvnf; xdef;odrf;&ma&mufrnfjzpfyg aMumif;? odjYk zpf tqdukd tav;teufaxmufcygaMumif;jzifh aqG;aEG;onf/ k H rcsr;f abmrJqEe,frS OD;tifzeqef;(c)OD;tifxzeqef;u aqG;aEG;&mwGif k f k k f &moDOwkMurf;wrf;rIaMumifh ESppOfa&wdupm;ysup;D aeygojzifh trmcH f k f f uGeu&pfqnfrsm;tjzpf wnfaqmuf&ef vdtyfygaMumif;ESihf ucsijf ynfe,f f k twGi;f &Sd cdi(4)ckEihf NrKd Ue,f(18)NrKd Ue,f pduysKd ;a&&&Sa&;? qnfajrmif;? wmwrH k f S k f d rsm; qufvufwnfaqmufay;ygu Ediiawmf&nfre;f csuf {uefrcsatmifjrif k f H S k vmrnf[k ,HMk unfygaMumif;jzifh tqduaxmufcaqG;aEG;onf/ k kd H rkd;armufrJqEe,frS OD;aZmfxGef;u aqG;aEG;&mwGif ,ckwifoGif;aom tqdonf jynfovxk twGuf aumif;usKd ;jzpfapEdionftwGuf axmufcH k l l k f h ygaMumif;jzifh aqG;aEG;onf/ ,if;tqdEipyfvsO;f v,f,mpduysKd ;a&;ESihf qnfajrmif;0efBu;D Xme k S hf k f jynfaxmifp0efBu;D OD;jrifviu ucsijf ynfe,ftwGi;f wnfaqmufNy;D pD;cJNh y;D k h Id f qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xmeu xde;f odr;f xm;onfh a&vTqnf(3)ckEihf aus;&Gmu J S xde;f odr;f xm;onfzUHG NzKd ;a&;qnf? aus;vufqnf? UNDP qnf pkpaygif; (124)ck h k tusKd ;jyK{u (66906){u&SygaMumif;? a&TuNl rKd Ue,f aygif;eufa&avSmifwrH d pDrue;f ? rk;d armufNrKd Ue,f wmvDa&vTqnfprue;f ? zm;uefNY rKd Ue,f aemifr;D a&vTJ H d J D H d qnfprue;f wdukd EdiiawmfrS b@maiG&&Srtay:rlwnf aqmif&uvsuf D H d Yk k f H d I G f &SdygaMumif;/ xkjYd yif a'otajctaet& topfxyfraqmif&uay;&ef vkyief;(13)ck H G f f udk vsmxm;owfrwNf y;D pl;prf;avhvmrIrsm;jyKvyjf cif;? 'DZi;f yHpa&;qGjJ cif;rsm; S k kd k H aqmif&uvsu&ygaMumif;? tqdyg vkyief;opfrsm;rSm 0di;f armfNrKd Ue,f a*GUxl; G f f dS k f k a&avSmifwrH ? eefr;D a&avSmifwrH? eefjY rif;ca&avSmifwrH (0ga&Smifa&vTqnf)? Y J rd;k ni;f NrKd Ue,f aqmif;cg;a&vTqnf? wuGi;f a&vTqnf? MumBu;D uGi;f a&vTqnf? J J J Aef;armfNrKd Ue,f yg;wdea&vTqnfEihf ylwmtkNd rKd Ue,f [dziqnf? rwfyefqnf?f Yf J S k kd f v,fr,f0g*sqnf? eefyvufqnf? eefzefqnf? eef&,a&avSmifwrHwjYkd zpfyg D Y Y Y S f aMumif;? avhvmpl;prf;rIrsm;ESifh tpDtrHrsm;tay:wGif EdkifiHawmftpdk;&\ umuG,fa&;wm0ef? a'owGif;vrf;wHwm;qufoG,frI vHkjcHKaumif;rGefa&; wm0ef? ynma&;? use;f rma&; ponfh OD;pm;ay;vkyief;wm0efrsm; tpDtpOf f vktyfcsursm;t& &efyaiGcijhf yKay;Edirnfh tajctaetay:rlwnfNy;D v,f,m d f kH G k f pduysKd ;a&;ESihf qnfajrmif;0efBu;D Xmetaejzifh vkyief;rsm;udk tqifqifh taumif k f f h txnfazmf aqmif&uay;oGm;rnfjzpfygaMumif;jzifh jyefvnf&i;f vif;aqG;aEG; G f S onf/ tqd&if OD;ZH;k wde\tqdonf oD;jcm;rJcq;kH jzwf&efrvdbJ vTwawmfu k S Yf k JG k f rSwfwrf;wifxm;&Sd aqmif&Guf&rnfhtqdkjzpfojzifh vTwfawmfu oabmwl rSwwrf;wiftwnfjyKonf/ f tqdwifoi;f jcif;u@wGif v[,frqEe,frS OD;qm;rl\ em*udk,fydkif k G J tkycsKyfci&a'o (av&S;? v[,f? eef;,Ge;) NrdKUe,frsm;twGi;aexkivsu&onfh f G hf D f f d f f dS em*wdkif;&if;om;rsm; qif;&JEGrf;yg;rIavQmhcsa&; tqdk? wyfukef;rJqEe,frS OD;armifO;D u trsm;ydkifukrPDrsm;udk Oya'ESifhtnD pdppfaqmif&GufcGifhjyKEdkifa&; tqdwukd wifoi;f Muonf/ k Ykd G trnfpm&if;wifoi;Edkif G f ,if;tqdrsm;udk jynfovwawmfu vufcaqG;aEG;&efq;kH jzwfNy;D aqG;aEG; k Yl T f H rnf&ufukd xyfraMunmrnfjzpfaMumif;ESiaqG;aEG;rnfh vTwawmfu,pm;vS,f h H hf f kd f rsm;taejzifh ,aeYnaeydi;f wGif trnfpm&if;wifoi;f EdiaMumif; od&&onf/ k G k f dS ,aeYvwawmf 'kw,yHretpnf;ta0; e0raeYukd rGe;f vGJ 1 em&D rdepf T f d k S f 50 wGi&yfem;Ny;D tpnf;ta0; 'oraeYukd pufwifbm 2 &uf eHeuf 10 f em&Dwif usi;f yrnfjzpfonf/ G (owif;pOf)

Aung Zaw Win

wEdki;rJqEe,frS jynfoYl f vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,f OD;rsKd;aqG aqG;aEG;pOf/ (owif;pOf) armifawmrJqEe,frS jynfoYl vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;aZmf ud&tmruf(c) OD;atmifaZmf0if; f ar;jref;pOf/ (owif;pOf)

ay;jcif;? vlo&iMf um; aeYpOf&ufquf uGi;f qif;today;a[majymjcif;? jrefrmh d S kyjf rifoMH um;ESijhf r0wDyorsm;wGif awGUqHar;jref;cef;rsm;jyKvyNf y;D wdiMf um; k f H k k k Edionfh w,fvze;f ? zufpeygwfrsm;udk w&m;0iftoday; xkwjf yefjcif;? *sme,f? k f D k f H r*Zif;rsm;wGif today;azmfjyjcif;? Xmeydif Website vTiwiftoday;jcif;ponf k hf wdkYudk aqmif&Gufay;vsuf&SdygaMumif;? epfemolrsm;taejzifh wdkifMum;Edkifyg aMumif;ESihf tjyKoabm tBuPfrsm;ay;jcif;udvnf; 0rf;yef;womvufcH H k ygaMumif;? Ediiwpf0ef; xkwazmfajymqdk aqmif&uaeonfuvnf; owdjyKrd k f H f G f kd Murnf[k ,HMk unfygaMumif;/ vkuemaqmif&uf d f G ,aeYtcsexd wdi;f a'oBu;D ESijhf ynfe,frsm;rS a'ocHjynfoaygif;rsm;pGmu d f k l r&Si;f vif;onfrsm;udk ar;jref;jcif;? jyKjyifay;apvdonfrsm;udk today;jcif;jzifh k

jynf olY vT w f awmf udk,pm;vS,f f rsm; tpnf; ta0; wuf a&mufaMumif; rSwf wrf; pm tk y f vuf rSwf a&; xdk; Mu pOf / (owif;pOf)

vufrwwpfrsKd ;rsKd ;xkway;Edia&;twGuf Oya'? enf;Oya'? vkyx;kH vkyenf; S f f k f f f rsm;ESitnD trIwrsm; wnfaqmufjcif;? tcse,pppfjcif;rsm; aqmif&uvsuf hf JG d f l d G f &Sonfuvnf; today;ajymMum;vdygaMumif;? wpfzufEiirS b*FgvDrsm;onf d kd k kd f H enf;rsKd ;pHjk zifh w&m;r0if0ifa&mufjcif;? ul;vl;? qufqH aygif;oif;aexkirrsm; d f I aMumifh rdrEiibufjcrf; cGjJ cm;&efcufcaom vlO;D a&a&maxG;rIrsm; trSef d kd f H J wu,f&aeonf qdonftcsursm;aMumifh EdiiawmfvjkH cKH a&;ESihf trsKd ;om;a&; dS k h f k f H vdtyfcsursm;t& pepfwus tcse,pppf&aom vkyief;onfvnf; trSef k f d f l d f wu,f vdtyfaeqJjzpfygaMumif;? odjYk zpf ta&;Bu;D aom Ediiom;pdppfa&; k k f H uwf vJv,xway;Edia&; vkyief;rsm;tm; um,uH&irsm;bufu owfrwf S f k f k f f S f S csuEitnD taxmuftxm;rsm; wifjyEdia&;onf t"duvdtyfcsujf zpfae f S hf k f k ygaMumif;ESihf owfrwjf y|mef; Oya'rsm;ESitnD oifavsmonftcsewif vkyief; S hf h f h d f G f rsm;vG,fulacsmarGUapa&;twGuf pDpOfaqmif&GufoGm;rnf jzpfygaMumif;jzifh ajzMum;onf/ bl;oD;awmifrJqEe,frS OD;a&Tarmif(c)OD;t'la&mfZuf\ &cdkifjynfe,f bl;oD;awmif? armifawma'orS (90)&mcdkiEe;f cef&aom a'ocHrsm;onf use;f rma&;? f I Y dS vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;udprsm;twGuf &efukefNrdKUodkY c&D;oGm;vdkvQif bl;oD;awmif? armifawma'orS ppfawGNrdKUokda&mufatmif w&m;r0ifay;&aiG usy(3)aomif;cefY Y f ukeuscNH yD; ppfawGNrdKUrS &efukeNf rdKUokda&mufatmif w&m;r0ifay;&aiGusy(4)ode; f Y f f

0ki;f 0ef;yl;aygif;ulnaqmif&uay;jcif;rsm;vnf; jyKvyvsu&aeMuygaMumif;? d D G f k f f dS Xmetaejzifxwjf yefxm;aom TeMf um;csuukd aoGznfaqmif&urrsm; jyKvyf h k f G f I k cJonfh 0efxrf; (12)OD;tm; Zlvi(1)&ufaeYrp pDrcsuumvtwGi;f xkwy,f h kd f S H f f jcif;? tqifavQmcsjcif;? e,fajymif;jcif;paom tjypfay;ta&;,ljcif;rsm;udvnf; h h k jyKvkyfcJhNyD;jzpfygaMumif;? xkdYaMumifh taxmuftxm; tjynfhtpHkjzifh azmfjy wdkifMum;vmygu pepfwus pdppfazmfxkwfNyD; rSefuefygu ta&;,loGm;&ef toif&ygaMumif;ESiaumif;rGeaomtkycsKyrI (Good Governance)ESihf oef&i;f h dS hf f f f Y S aomtpd;k & (Clean Government)jzpfxe;f ay:aygufapa&;twGuf tBu;D tuJ G rsm;\ TeMf um;csursm;ESitnD vkuemaqmif&uaeonfuvnf; od&apvdk f hf d f G f kd dS ygaMumif;/ pdppfazmfxkwf 'kw,ar;cGe;f ESipyfvsO;f wpfzufEiirS b*FgvDvrsKd ;rsm;\ w&m;r0if d hf dk f H l xkd;azmuf0ifa&mufaexdkifvmMujcif;onf qufpyfaeaom e,fpyfa'oudk omru wpfpxufwpfp wpfqifwufNy;D EdiitwGi;f ydi;f odyg w&m;r0ifw;kd csUJ h k f H k Yk 0ifa&mufvmMu&m ucsijf ynfe,f? u&ifjynfe,f? &Sr;f jynfe,f? rGejf ynfe,f tygt0if ,cktcg EdiitwGi;f ydi;f ae&mrsm;pGmodYk a&muf&ysUH ESaexdirrsm; k f H k dS YH k f I

2-9 (04).pmd

9/2/2011, 2:27 AM

3-9-2011
< pmrsufESm 4 rS aumfrwDtwGif;a&;rSL;wdkY\ trnf pm&if;? aumfrwDrsm;\wm0ef? vkyyif f kd cGi?hf &ydiciEihf oufwrf;wdukd jynfoYl k f G hf S Yk vTwawmf'w,Ou|u vTwawmfoYkd f k d f &Sif;vif;wifjyonf/ EdkifiHom;rsm;\ rlvtcGifhta&;? 'Drdkua&pDta&;ESifh vlYtcGifhta&; Ou|tjzpf qkdif&maumfrwDudk [oFmwrJqEe,frS OD;aX;OD;jzifvnf; h aumif;? wd k i f ; &if ; om;a&;&mES i f h jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; azmfaqmifrI aumf r wDudk Ou|tjzpf jrpfBuD;em; rJqEe,frS OD;odef;aZmfjzifh vnf; aumif;? bPfrsm;ESifh aiGaMu;qkdif&m zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufa&;aumfrwDudk Ou| tjzpf awmifomrJqEe,frS OD;atmif aomif; jzihvnf;aumif;? pDrHudef;rsm; f ESihf b@ma&;zGUNH zKd ;wk;d wufraumfrwD I udk Ou|tjzpf wGHaw;rJqEe,frS OD;pkd;omjzifhvnf;aumif;? awmifol v,form;? tvkyorm;ESihf vli,fa&; f f J &maumfrwDukd Ou|tjzpf ZvGerqE e,frS OD;wifxGwfjzifh vnf;aumif;? Ed k i f i H w umquf q H a &;aumf r wDudk Ou|tjzpf ysO;f rem;rJqEe,frS OD;vS jrifhOD;jzifhvnf;aumif;? pD;yGm;a&;ESifh ukefoG,fvkyfief; zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufa&; aumfrwDukd Ou|tjzpf c&rf;rJqE e,frS OD;armifarmifodrf;jzifh vnf; aumif;? yd k Y a qmif q uf o G , f a &;ES i f h aqmufvkyfa&;qkdif&maumfrwD udk Ou|tjzpf trf;rJqEe,frS OD;ode;f aqG jzifvnf;aumif;? tm;upm;? ,Ofaus; h rIEijhf ynfoqufqa&; zGUH NzKd ;wk;d wufrI S Yl H aumf r wDudk Ou|tjzpf 0ufvuf rJqEe,frS ol&OD;at;jrifh jzifhvnf; aumif;? pd k u f y sd K ;a&;ES i f h a rG ; jrLa&; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIaumfrwDudk Ou| tjzpf zsmyHkrJqEe,frS OD;pdk;Edkifjzifh vnf;aumif;/ &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIESifhpufrIvufrI zHGUNzdK; wkd;wufa&;aumfrwDudk Ou|tjzpf NrdwfrJqEe,frS OD;aX;jrifhjzifhvnf; aumif;? o,HZmwESifh obm0ywf0ef; usif xdef;odrf;a&;qdkif&maumfrwDukd Ou|tjzpf uGrf;jcHukef;rJqEe,frS OD;vGef;oDjzifhvnf;aumif;? usef;rm a&;jrifhwifrIaumfrwDukd Ou|tjzpf csrf;at;omZHrJqEe,frS a'gufwm ausmfjrifhjzifhvnf;aumif;? ynma&; jr i f h w if r I aumf r wDudk Ou|tjzpf uefbvlrqEe,frS a'gufwmcsr;f Nir;f Y J d jzifhvnf;aumif;? w&m;pD & if a &;ES i f h Oya'a&;qdki f& maumfr wDudk Ou| tjzpf uefyufvufrJqEe,frS ol& OD;atmifudk jzifhvnf;aumif;? jynf o l Y a&;&m pDrHcefYcGJrIaumfrwDudk Ou| tjzpf wyfukef;rJqEe,frS OD;armifOD; jzifhvnf;aumif;? trsd K ;orD ; rsm;ES i f h uav;ol i ,f r sm; umuG , f a pmif h a&S m uf a &;aumf r wDudk Ou|tjzpf erfhqef rJqEe,frS OD;armifarmifaqG jzifvnf;aumif;? jyKjyifajymif;vJa&; h ESifh acwfrDzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI pdppfa&; aumf r wDudk Ou|tjzpf awmif OuvmyrJqEe,frO;D atmifoe;f vif; S d jzifvnf;aumif;? a&aMumif;ydkYaqmif h a&; zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufrIaumfrwDukd Ou| tjzpf xm;0,frqEe,frS OD;Munfrif; J jzifhvnf;aumif; wm0efay;tyfNyD; aumfrwDwpfckcsif;wGif tzGJU0if (15) OD;pDjzifzUJG pnf;vkuaMumif;od&&onf/ h d f dS vTwawmfonf vTwawmfaumfrwD f f rsm;u avhvmaomtaMumif;udprsm;

aMu;rHkowif;pm pmrsufESm 5
rSty usef&Sdaom taMumif;t&mrsm; udkavhvm&ef vdktyfonfh aumfr&Sif ESitzGUJ rsm;udk vTwawmftpnf;ta0; hf f wpf&yfESifh wpf&yftMum;umvwGif zGJUpnf;aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfygu vTwawmfOu|onf jynfovwawmf f Yl T f qkdif&mOya'yk'fr 29ESifh enf;Oya' 81? 82 wdEitnD zGUJ pnf;Ny;D teD;uyf Yk S hf qH k ; usif ; yonf h vT w f a wmf t pnf ; ta0; wifjytwnfjyKcsu&,laqmif f &GuEiaMumif;ESihf pyfvsO;f vTwawmf f kd f f uoabmwltwnfjyKonf/ ,aeYvwawmf 'kw,yHretpnf; T f d k S f ta0; 'oraeYukd rGe;f vJ(2)em&D (10) G rdepfwif &yfem;vduonf/(owif;pOf) G k f

210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 210987654321098765432109876543212109876543210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321

toufarG;0rf;ausmif;wuokdvf? aumvdyf? odyHrsm;okdh 0ifcGifUavQmufxm;olonf wuokdvf0ifcGifU avQmufxm;csdef wnfqJEkdifiHom;jzpfrIOya'ESifU udkufnDaom EkdifiHom;jzpf&rnf

nance) oefY&Sif;aomtpdk;& (Clean Government) jzpfay:a&; twGuf

ow K wG i f ; 0efBuD; Xme jynf a xmif p k 0efBuD; OD;odef; xkduf &Sif;vif; aqG;aEG;pOf/ (owif;pOf)
987654321 987654321 987654321 987654321 987654321 987654321 987654321 987654321 987654321 987654321 987654321 987654321

usL;vGeaeonf[k rdrrS rouFmonfh f d jynfo0efxrf;wpfO;D OD;udk 0&rf;pmryg Yl bJ zrf;qD;Edkifonf[k jy|mef;xm;&Sdyg aMumif;? yk'fr 4-u (2)wGif xkdokdY zrf;qD;aMumif;udk EdkifiHawmforw xHcsufcsif; tpD&ifcH&rnf/ orw\ trdefYudk r&ao;rDtawmtwGif; xkdt&m&Sdonf trdefYpmjzifh xkdzrf;qD; xm;oludk EdkifiHawmforwu omref odwnf;r[kwf txl;trdejYf zifh oD;jcm; Yk azmfjyxm;onfh tcsKycef;wGif csKyxm; f f Edkifonf[k jy|mef;xm;&SdygaMumif;? tzGJUtpnf;ESifh 0efBuD;Xmersm; tae jzifh azmfjyygOya'rsm;udk vdkufemNyD; vmbfay;vmbf,lESifh t*wdvkdufpm; rIrsm;yaysmufa&;wdkYtay: ta&;,l aqmif&Gufvsuf&SdygaMumif;/ jrefrmEdkifiHtaejzifh 2-12-2005 &ufaeYrSpwifNyD; ukvor* t*wd vkdufpm;rI wkdufzsufa&;uGefAif;&Sif;
(The United Nations Convention Against Corruption)udk oabmwl

vufrSwfa&;xkd;cJhNyD; jzpfygaMumif;? jrefrmEdkifiHwGifwnfqJjzpfonfh 1948 ck E S p f t*wd v k d u f p m;rI w m;jrpf a &; tufOya'onf pHkprf;ppfaq;jcif;ESifh tjypfay;ta&;,ljcif;wkdYom yg&SdcJhNyD; ukvor*t*wdvupm;rIwuzsua&; dk f dk f f uGefAif;&Sif;wGif BudKwifumuG,f wm;qD;jcif;? owif;ay;wdkifMum;jcif;? oifwef;ay;jcif;? t*wdvkdufpm;rI ESipyfvsO;f aom owif;tcsutvuf hf f rsm;ud k Ed k i f i H t csif ; csif ; zvS , f j cif ; ponfhtcsufrsm; yg0ifvmonfh twGuf ydkrdkxda&mufaom vkyfaqmif csufrsm;udk aqmif&GufvmEdkifNyDjzpf ygaMumif;/ vmbfay;vmbf,lrIESifh t*wd vkdufpm;rI yaysmufapa&;twGuf vlxkrSod&Sdem;vnf oabmaygufNyD; yg0ifyl;aygif;aqmif&GufEkdif&ef rD'D,m

ydi;f rS xkwjf yefrrsm;udvnf; jyKvycNhJ y;D k I k k f 0efxrf;rsm;vmbfay;vmbf,lrIESifh rrSeruef aqmif&ur&ygu vlxu f G f I dS k yl;aygif; yg0ifaqmif&uEi&eftwGuf G f dk f rnfolrqkd wkdufdkufwdkifMum;Edkif aMumif;udk jynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xme taejzifh 2006 ckESpf Edk0ifbmv 9 &ufaeY jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm? pmrsufESm(11)wGif xnfhoGif;azmfjy xm;&dScJhNyD;jzpfygaMumif;? tqkdyg owif;pmazmfjycsuwif ]]jynfxJa&; f G 0efBuD;Xme&Sd jynfolY0efxrf;tqifh twef;tm;vHk;xJrS wpfOD;OD;onf aiGaMu;ypnf;? tcGifhta&;? t*wd vkupm;rIjyKvyvQiaomfvnf;aumif;? d f k f f wnfqJOya' vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;ESifh rudkufnDaom rrSefruefvkyfydkifcGifh wkdYudk toHk;jyK pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;? tkyfcsKyfa&;wkdYwGif tEdkiftxufjyK usifhrIjyKvkyfcJhvQifaomfvnf;aumif;? udk,fwkdifawGUBuHKcHpm;&aom epfemol jynfolvlxkudk,fwkdifu qufoG,f wdkifMum;EdkifaMumif;? 0efBuD;Hk;u w&m;0ifzUJG pnf;ay;aom pHprf;ppfaq; k a&;cH;kH tzGUJ jzifh Oya'ESitnDppfaq; k hf ay;rnfjzpfNyD; jynfolvlxk\ epfem rIrjzpfap&efwm0ef,laMumif;? jynfol vlxkuvnf; rSefrSefuefuef wkdif Mum;jcif;jzifh ulnDaqmif&Guf&ef}} qkum azmfjyxm;&Sonftjyif jynfxJ d d h a&;0efBu;D Xmeuxkwa0vsu&dS onfh f f rIcif;*sme,f? rIcif;owif;*sme,f wdwif jypfr?I rIcif;rsm;ESitwl t*wd Yk G hf vkdufpm;aom trIrsm;? ta&;,l aqmif&GufrIrsm;udkvnf; ynmay; azmfjyvsuf rD'D,mtydkif;rS twd tvif; xkwfjyefaqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdyg aMumif;/ tcktcsewif EdiiawmforwBu;D d f G k f H \ vrf;Tefcsufjzpfaom aumif;rGef aomtkyfcsKyfrIpepf (Good Gover-

987654321 987654321 987654321 987654321 987654321 987654321 987654321 987654321 987654321 987654321 987654321 987654321

H vmbfay;vmbf,lrS a&S;OD;pGm ucsifjynfe,f rJqEe,f trSwf(1)rS OD;pHxGef;\ ]]vmbfay; vmbf vmbf,lrIESifh t*wdvdkufpm;rIrsm; yaysmufa&;twGuf aqmif&uaerIrsm; G f udk vlxro&em;vnfoabmaygufNy;D k S d dS yl;aygif;yg0ifaqmif&GufEdkif&eftwGuf tzJGUtpnf;rsm;ESifh0efBuD;Xmetvdkuf ta&;,laqmif&GufrItajctaersm; udk tpdk;&ESifh yk*vdurD'D,mydkif;rS tcsdefESifhwpfajy;nD xkwfjyefay;rnfh hf tpDtpOf}} ar;cGe;f ESipyfvsO;f jrefrm EdkifiHwGif t*wdvdkufpm;rIuif;&Sif; apa&;twGuf 1861 ckEpf jypfrqi&m S I dk f Oya' tcef; 9? jynfolY0efxrf;wkdY usL;vGefaom odkYwnf;r[kwf jynfolY 0efxrf;wkdYESifhoufqkdifaom jypfrIrsm; yk'fr yk'fr 161 rS 165 xd vnf; aumif;? [efYwm;ESdrfeif;a&;twGuf 1948 ckESpf t*wdvkdufpm;rI wm;jrpf a&; tufOya'udvnf;aumif; jy|mef; k xm;NyD; vmbfay;vmbf,lrIESifh t*wdvkdufpm;rIrsm; yaysmufa&; twGuf tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh 0efBuD; Xmersm;u ta&;,laqmif&uvsu&dS G f f ygaMumif;/ 1861 ckEpf jypfrqi&mOya' yk'r S I dk f f 161 wGif jynfolY0efxrf;u &mxl; qkdif&m jyKvkyfrIwpfckcktwGuf Oya' ESinaom tcaMu;aiGrwpfyg; tjcm; hf D S wHp;kd ud,jl cif;twGuf jypfr?I jypf'Pfukd k vnf;aumif;? yk'fr 162 wGif jynfolY 0efxrf;udk w&m;rJhaom odkYwnf; r[kwf Oya'ESifh rnDaomenf;jzifh aoG;aqmif&ef wHpdk;,ljcif;twGuf jypfrI? jypf'Pfudk vnf;aumif;? yk'fr 163 wG i f jynf o l Y 0 ef x rf ; tay: rdrMd oZmukd toH;k jyKvsuf wHp;dk ,ljcif; twGuf jypfr?I jypf'Pfuvnf;aumif;? kd yk'fr 164 wGif yk'fr 162? 163 wkdY azmfjyxm;aom jypfrIrsm;udk usL;vGef &mwGif jynfo0efxrf;u tm;ay;ulnD Yl onfhtwGuf jypf'Pfudkvnf;aumif;? yk'fr 165 wGif jynfolY0efxrf;onf rdrdaqmif&Gufonfh rIcif;udpESifh odkYwnf;r[kwf vkyfief;ESifhoufqkdif olwxrS tzk;d pm;em;ray;bJ tzk;d wef Ydk H ypn;f ud&,ljcif;twGuf jypfr?I jypf'Pf k ud k v nf ; aumif ; azmf j yxm;&S d y g aMumif;/ xkdYjyif 1948 ckESpf Edk0ifbmv 8 &ufaeY &ufpGJESifh 1948 ckESpf tuf Oya'trSwf 67 [lonfh t*wd vkdufpm;rIwm;jrpfa&;tufOya'udk xkwfjyefum wHpdk;vufaqmif,ljcif; ESihf t*wdvupm;jcif;rsm;udk wm;jrpf dk f &eftwGuf ydkrdkxda&mufaomOya'udk jy|mef;cJhygaMumif;? ,if;jy|mef;csuf yk'fr 4-u (1)wGif jypfrIqkdif&myk'fr 161? 162? 163? 164 odkYwnf;r[kwf 165 t& jypfrIudk aomfvnf;aumif;? usL;vGefcJhonf[k odkYwnf;r[kwf

t*wdvkdufpm;rIrsm;udk xdxda&muf a&muf wm;qD;umuG,Ei&ef jzpfay: f kd f ajymif;vJaeonfh EdkifiHwumpHEIef; rsm;ESifhtnD xda&mufaomta&;,l aqmif&uaerIrsm;tay: tpd;k &ESihf G f yk*vdu rD'D,mydkif;wGif rl0g'ESifhtnD xk w f j yef a y;vsuf & S d y gaMumif ; jzif h ajzMum;onf/ &cdijf ynfe,f rJqEe,ftrSw(7)rS k f OD ; Zm,m'f a &mf r H ( c) OD ; aX;0if ; \ ]]bl;oD;awmif? armifawmcdkif&Sd bl a'ocHrsm;;\ vlra&;udp? vufxyfcihf \ I G udpESifh aexkdifcGifhudprsm;wGif tjcm; aomjynfovxEihf rcJjG cm;bJ wef;wl l l k S pa&;}} tcGifhta&; &&Sdapa&; ar;cGef;rS vl r I a &;ud p w pf c k j zpf o nf h xl ; cRef xufjrufaom ausmif;om;? ausmif; olrsm;&Sdvsuf toufarG;0rf;ausmif; wuovrsm;odYk 0ifcir&jcif;[lonfh kd f G hf udpEihf pyfvsO;f jynfaxmifporw S k jrefrmEkdifiHawmftpdk;&? ynma&; 0efBuD;XmerS yHkESdyfxkwfa0xm;aom 2011 ckESpf wuodkvf0ifpmar;yGJ atmifjriforsm;twGuf wuov0if l kd f

rnfonfha'ocHjynfolrqdk wuf a&muf ynmoifMum;cGifh&Sdonf[k azmfjyxm;&SdygaMumif;/ vufxyfciupEipyfvsO;f &ckif G hf d S hf d jynfe,f? armifawmNrdKUESifh bl;oD; awmifNrdKUe,frsm;wGif e,fpyfa'o vl0ifrIppfaq;a&;uGyfuJrIXmecsKyf \(11-8-2009)&ufpGJyg trdefY aMumfjimpmtrSwf(1^2009)yg owf rSwfcsufrsm;t& pdppfcGifhjyKaqmif&Guf ay;vsu&ygaMumif;? trdeaMumfjimpm f dS Yf wGif wpfvifwpfr,m;pepfusifhoHk; a&;ESifh t&G,fa&mufNyD;rS vufxyf xdr;f jrm;a&;[lonftcsursm; t"du h f yg0ifygaMumif;/ aetdrfaqmufvkyfcGifh udpESifh pyfvsO;f oufqi&mNrKd Ue,fpnfyif dk f om,ma&;tzGJU e,fedrdwftwGif;ESifh e,fedrdwfjyify&Sd aetdrftaqmuf ttkHrsm; rGrf;rHjyifqifjcif;? topf aqmufvkyfjcif;rsm;ESifh ywfouf pnfyifom,ma&;tzGJUrsm;Oya'yk'fr 9? yk'frcGJ(e)? yk'fr 18? yk'frcGJ(u)ESifh yk'fr 60? yk'frcGJ(u)wkdYt& Oya'rsm; jzifjh y|mef;Ny;D pdppfcijhf yK aqmif&uay; G G f vsuf&SdygaMumif;? pnfyifom,ma&;

u,m;jynfe,f rJqEe,f trSwf(8)rS trsKd;om;vTwfawmf ud,pm;vS,f OD;yd;k &,fatmifoe;f k f d (owif;pOf) aqG;aEG;pOf/ cGifhpmtkyfwGif toufarG;0rf;ausmif; wuov?f aumvdy?f odyrsm;odYk 0ifcihf kd H G avQmufxm;olonf wuovf 0ifcGifh kd avQmufxm;csdef wnfqJEdkifiHom; jzpfrIOya'ESifhudkufnDaom EdkifiHom; jzpf&rnf? rdrdudkifaqmifaom trsKd; om;rSwfyHkwiftrSwf (odkYr[kwf)EdkifiH om;pdppfa&;uwfjym;trSw(odr[kw) f Yk f EdkifiHom;vufrSwftrSwf tjynfh tpHazmfjy udiaqmifaomvufrwf k k f S \ "mwfyHkrdwLrsm;udk wpfygwnf; yl;wGJvsufwifjy&rnf? EdkifiHa&; uif;&Sif;aMumif;ESifh tusifhpm&dw aumif;rGefaMumif; &Jpcef; axmufcH csuwifjy&rnf? use;f rma&; ppfaq;rI f atmifjrif&rnf? txufazmfjyyg owfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifh udkufnDygu

ucsifjynfe,f rJqEe,f trSwf(12)rS trsKd;om;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,f OD;a*sa,m0l (owif;pOf) aqG;aEG;pOf/ tzGJUrsm;Oya'yk'fr 9? yk'frcGJ(e) NrdKUe,fpnfyifom,ma&;e,fedrdwf twGi;f yk*vuykitaqmufttkrsm; d d f H aqmufvkyfcGifhjyKjcif;? BuD;Muyfjcif; vkyfief;wm0efrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf; wnfqJOya'rsm;ESifhtnD taumif txnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;? BuD;Muyf uGyfuJjcif;jyK&rnf[k azmfjyxm;yg aMumif;? yk'fr 18? yk'frcGJ(u)wGif cGifhjyKcsufr&SdbJjzpfap? cGifhjyKcsufyg owfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifhnDnGwfrIr&SdbJ jzpfap? taqmufttHkaqmufvkyf onfudk odkYr[kwf jyifqifaqmufvkyf onfudk &yfqkdif;xm;apjcif;? jyefvnf jyKjyifapjcif;? NzdKzsufapjcif; ponfh udp&yfrsm;wGif aumfrwDonf NrdKUe,f pnfyifom,ma&;e,fedrdwftwGif;&Sd

taqmufttHk? ajrwkdYESifhpyfvsOf; oufqkdif&m Oya'? enf;Oya'? pnf; urf;rsm;ESitnD vkuemaqmif&uap hf d f G f &ef taqmufttHkydkif&Sif odkYr[kwf ajrydkif&Sif odkYr[kwf vuf&Sdaexkdif oltm; nTeMf um;Edionf[k azmfjyxm; k f ygaMumif;? yk'fr 60? yk'frcGJ(u)wGif rnfolrQ NrdKUe,fpnfyifom,ma&; e,ferwtwGi;f aumfrwD\ cGijhfyKcsuf d d f r&SvQif odr[kwf cGijhf yKcsuyg owfrwf d Yk f S csufrsm;ESifhjzpfap? xkwfjyefxm;onfh pnf;urf;rsm;ESifhjzpfap nDGwfrI r&SdvQif taqmufttHkwpfckckudk aqmufvkyfjcif; odkYr[kwf jyifqif aqmufvkyfjcif; odkYr[kwf wkd;csJU aqmufvkyfjcif;rjyK&[k azmfjyxm;NyD; azmfjyyg Oya'rsm;ESifhtnD aetdrf aqmufvkyfcGifhjyKaMumif;/ zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya' yk'fr 348 wGif EkdifiHom;rsm;\ rlvtcGifhta&; ESifh wm0efrsm;ESifhywfoufNyD; ]]EdkifiH awmfonf jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrm EdkifiHawmf\ rnfonfhEdkifiHom;udkrQ vlrsK;d ? Zmwd? ud;k uG,&mbmom? &mxl; f XmeE&? tqifhtwef;? ,Ofaus;rI? trsK;d om;? trsK;d orD;? qif;&Jcsr;f omwkYd p&}}[k udk taMumif;jyK cGJjcm;rIr&Sdap&}} jy|mef;azmfjyyg&Sdonfhtwkdif; jrefrm Ediiwpf0ef;vH;k &Sd jynforsm;ESihf wef;wl k f H l tcGifhta&;&&Sda&; pDrHaqmif&Gufay; vsuf&SdygaMumif;/ vuf&armifawmcdi\tkycsKya&; dS k f f f rSm e,fpyfa'ojzpfonftwGuf a'o h tkycsKya&; ,E&m;wpfcv;kH udk taxG f f k axGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;Xmeu wm0ef ,lBu;D Muyfaqmif&uvsuf &SygaMumif;? G f d odkYaomf e,fajrvHkNcHKa&;? w&m; Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;udpwGifrl jrefrmEdkifiH &JwyfzGJU wpfckwnf;ESifh vHkavmufrI r&SdonfhtwGuf wyfrawmf? jrefrm EdkifiH&JwyfzGJU? vl0ifrIBuD;Muyfa&;ESifh jynfoUl tiftm;OD;pD;Xme? taumufcef G OD;pD;XmewkdY yl;aygif;yg0ifonfh (epu)ac: e,fpyfa'ovl0ifrI ppfaq;a&;uGyfuJrIXmecsKyfrS xdef; ausmif;ay;&ygaMumif;? e,fpyfa'o jzpfaeonftwGuf Ediiawmf\ tcsKyf h k f H tjcmtmPmudk umuG,apmifa&Smuf f h &ef &nf&,vsuf trsm;jynfotusK;d G f l a&S;Ium Oya'ESifhtnD vHkNcHKa&;ESifh w&m;Oya'pdk;rkd;a&;wkdYtwGuf aqmif &Gufaejcif; jzpfygaMumif;jzifhajzMum; onf/ xdkYaemuf &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD; rJqEe,ftrSw(12)rS OD;aqGatmifu f ]]Nidrf;csrf;a&; Nid aqG;aEG;yJGrsm;\ atmifjrifcJhaom? ratmifjrifcJhaom taMumif;&if;rsm;udk tus,fw0ifh tydkif;vdkufjyKpkxm;NyD;jzpfaomfvnf; ordi;f tusO;f tm; jynforsm;tvG,f k l wulo&atmif &Si;f vif;azmfjyay;&ef d dS pmrsufESm 6 aumfvH 1 okdY N