Introduction To Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)

Introduction to Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)
Presented By: Tripti Batra, AM (NW) Gagan Aggarwal, AM (SW)

September 7, 2006
Introduction to MPLS
Agenda
Motivation behind MPLS Basics Components and Protocols Operations Network Management Centre (NMC) Security Billing Operators providing MPLS Services
September 7, 2006
Motivation
September 7, 2006
Motivation
IP
The first defined and used protocol De facto the only protocol for global
Internet working but there are disadvantages
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Motivation (Contd...)
Connectionless Large IP Header to process
Slower than switching Usually designed to follow shortest path

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Motivation (Contd)
ATM Connection Oriented (supports QoS) Fast packet switching with fixed length packets Integration of different prioritized traffic in real time because of guaranteed delivery but there are disadvantages
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ATM Disadvantages Complexity Expensive
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IDEA Combine the features of Layer 2 and Layer 3
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MPLS Definition
Multi Protocol :
Indifferent towards protocol used at Layer 2
Label
Labels instead of IP addresses for processing
Switching:
Routing at the speed of Switching MPLS is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)-specified framework that provides efficient forwarding, routing and switching of traffic flow through the network. As data, video, and voice networks are converging on one platform, the need for Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a natural progression.
September 7, 2006
BASICS OF MPLS
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MPLS Basics
Multi Protocol Label Switching is arranged between Layer 2 and Layer 3 Layer 3 IP Layer 2 ATM, Ethernet Layer 1 SDH, CSMA
MPLS
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MPLS Basics (Contd)

Flow Management Independent of Layer-2 protocols Maps IP-addresses to fixed length label Interfaces to existing routing protocols
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MPLS Promises
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MPLS Promises
Improves packet-forwarding performance in the network Supports QoS and CoS for service differentiation Improves network scalability Integrates IP and ATM in the network Builds interoperable networks providing multi vendor interoperatibility Reduces the complexity of network operations
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Leased Line Network

Lucknow Mumbai Pune Delhi
Leased line Network

Bangalore Kolkotta
Ernakulam Hyderabad
Chennai
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MPLS Network
Ahmedabad Lucknow Mumbai Delhi Pune
MPLS Network
Bangalore Kolkotta
Ernakulam Hyderabad Router Links September 7, 2006

Chennai
16
Components and Protocols
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MPLS Components
Label - Identifies the path a packet should traverse
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MPLS Components (Contd)

LSP LER
LSR
LSR
LER
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Label Edge Router (LER)
- Operates at the edge of the access network & MPLS network - Responsible for assignment and removal of labels - Supports Multiple Protocols connected to dissimilar networks (such as frame relay, ATM, and Ethernet)
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Label Switching Router (LSR)
- High Speed Router that operates in the core of MPLS network
Label Switched Path (LSP)

- Path formed from source to destination - Two options to set up an LSP: a) hop-by-hop routing b) explicit routing
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Forward Equivalence Class (FEC)
- Group of packets that share the same requirement - A path is a representation of a FEC
Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)

- IETF defined protocol for explicit signaling and management
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MPLS Components
Label Information Base (LIB)
-Table maintained by the Routers -Contents of the table specify the mapping between a label and an FEC
Example of LIB Table:

Input Port Incoming Port Label 3 Output Port Outgoing Port Label 6
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MPLS Operations
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MPLS Operations
Steps Involved: label creation and distribution table creation at each router label-switched path creation label insertion/ table lookup/forwarding
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MPLS Operations
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Network Management Centre
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Network Management Centre (NMC)

Network management plays a vital role in monitoring and controlling an MPLS network for Redundancy and Reliability. NMC controls the following factors: LSP usage-Congestion Control Label distribution Creation of VPNs
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MPLS Features
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MPLS Features
Traffic Engineering Efficient Link Utilization Class of Service (CoS) Differentiated types of service across an MPLS network. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) A VPN is a private connection over an shared network
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Security
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Security
MPLS networks provide address and traffic separation of
Packets from one VPN do not inadvertently go to another VPN
Malicious spoofing is impossible
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Security (Contd...)
Provider Edge/Customer Edge Router Relationship

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MPLS Costing
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Factors affecting Costing

BW required Number of MPLS Ports required Period of hiring of ports Uptime Requirement (SLA) Prioritized Traffic (Class of Service)
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How Cost Effective is MPLS?

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2 3 4 5 Point to Point 6 7 8 9 10
MPLS VPN
Just for 10 sites the cost factor is 1/8th of Leased Lines.

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Tariff Chart (*BSNL port charges)

Class of Bandwidth 64K 128K Service Gold 99 % 0.77L 1.38L Silver Best effort 50% 25% 0.58L 1.04L 0.38L 0.69L 1Mbps 5.84L 4.38L 2.92L 2Mbps 12.32L 9.24L 6.16L
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MPLS Operators
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MPLS Operators
Service Providers: BSNL, Tata Tele Services, Bharti Telecom, Reliance Infocomm Hardware Suppliers: Cisco, Juniper, Nortel, Alcatel, Huawei..
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Introduction To Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)

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Introduction to Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)

Presented By: Tripti Batra, AM (NW) Gagan Aggarwal, AM (SW)

Internet working but there are disadvantages

Slower than switching Usually designed to follow shortest path

MPLS Basics (Contd)

Leased Line Network

Leased line Network

Ernakulam Hyderabad Router Links September 7, 2006

Components and Protocols

MPLS Components (Contd)

MPLS Components (Contd)

MPLS Components (Contd)

Label Switched Path (LSP)

MPLS Components (Contd)

Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)

Example of LIB Table:

Network Management Centre

Network Management Centre (NMC)

Packets from one VPN do not inadvertently go to another VPN

Malicious spoofing is impossible

Provider Edge/Customer Edge Router Relationship

Factors affecting Costing

How Cost Effective is MPLS?

Just for 10 sites the cost factor is 1/8th of Leased Lines.

Tariff Chart (*BSNL port charges)

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