CHRONOS

Time ScaLe R Creator

Cen Mesozoic Paleozoic Precambrian

Pliocene / Pleistocene (0-6 Ma time-slice)

Updated by James G. Ogg (Purdue University) and Gabi Ogg to: GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE 2004 (Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Smith, A.G., et al., 2004) and The CONCISE GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE (Ogg, J.G., Ogg, G., and Gradstein, F.M., 2008)
Based, in part, on: CENOZOIC-MESOZOIC BIOCHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY: JAN HARDENBOL, JACQUES THIERRY, MARTIN B. FARLEY, THIERRY JACQUIN, PIERRE-CHARLES DE GRACIANSKY, AND PETER R. VAIL,1998. Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Chronostratigraphic Framework of European Basins in: De Graciansky, P.- C., Hardenbol, J., Jacquin, Th., Vail, P. R., and Farley, M. B., eds.; Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins, SEPM Special Publication 60.

ICS

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Standard Chronostratigraphy
Period

Geomagnetic Polarity

Age

Epoch
Holocene

Stage
0.012

Sequences
Global
LGM
0.02

T-R Cycles

- Deuterium
(0/00 PDB)
-390 -370 200 -430 -410

Mammals
Russian Plain
Valdaian Mikulinian Moscovian Dnieper

CO2
(ppmv)
240 280

(0/00

PDB)

Italy

North Atlantic
Zones Zonal Markers Other Foraminifers
Globorotalia flexuosa

Additional Foraminifers

Zones

Zonal Markers

Other Nannofossils
Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica to E. huxleyi shift of dominance [in" transitional" waters]

Additional Nannofossils
Emiliania huxleyi (acme in Mediterreanean) Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica to E. huxleyi shift of dominance [in tropical and subtropical waters]

Zones

Zonal Markers

Other Dinocysts

Zones

North Sea Event

Zones
RN17

Zonal Markers

Other Radiolarians

Zones

Zonal Markers

Other Diatoms

NW Europe
Weichselian

Britain
Devensian Ipswichian

Europe

South America

ELMA SALMA

NALMA
Rancholabrean

North American Mammals North America California Australia

Hallian
Platygonus compressus

New Zealand

Units
S0 L1 S1

Magnetic Susceptibility

210

20

0.012

Lt. Pleist.
0.126

Tarantian Tyrrhenian MIS 6 0.14

Bolliella calida

Wisconsinian Sangamonian

NPD12

Eemian Warthe Drenthe Saalian

Proboscia curvirostris

Lt. Pleist.
0.126

NN21

CN15

Buccinosphaera invaginata

"Tottenhill" Wolstonian [un-named] Neopleistocene

Megalonyx jeffersonii Bison

Illinoian

Haweran

L2 S2

RN16

MIS 8

0.27

Globoquadrina pseudofoliata Emiliania huxleyi

c
Globigerinoides ruber rosa

b
Globorotalia flexuosa

Wacken / Domnitz Fuhne

Likhvinian Lujanian

Ir 3

Mictrotus meadensis, Microtus paroperarius Ondatara zibethicus

NN20

b
Spiniferites elongatus Stylatractus universus Pseudoemiliania lacunosa Tectatodinium pellitum Elphidium clavatum, Cassidulina teretis, Cassidulina scaldisiensis, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma

Thallassiosira jouseae

Holsteinian Elsterian Noordbergum (Interglacial IV) Glacial c Rosmalen (Interglacial III) Glacial b Westerhoven (Interglacial II) Glacial a Waardenburg (Interglacial I) Dorst

Hoxnian Anglian

M. Pleist.

MIS 12

Globorotalia hirsuta

0.44

Okian Muchkapian

B C

L3 S3 L4 S4 L5 S5

M. Pleist.

Ionian
Globorotalia tosaensis Gephyrocapsa sp.3

RN15

Collosphaera tuberosa

MIS 16

Donian Cromerian Ilynian Pokrovian Petropavlovian

Mictomys kansasensis/mel, Ondatra annectens, Meglonyx weatleyi

0.64
Globorotalia crassaformis hessi

CN14 a RN14 NPD11

Pterocorys hertwegii Anthocyrtidium nosicaae

Cromerian Complex

Ir 2

Smilodon gracilis, Allophaiomys pliocaenicus

L6 S6 L7 S7 L8 S8 L9 S9 L10 S10 L11 S11 L12 S12 L13 S13 L14 S14 L15

E
Smilodon populator Miracinonyx inexpectatus Clethrionomys Platygonus vetus Microtus paroperarius

Pleistocene

0.79
MIS 22

0.79

Pterocorys campanula

Quaternary

C1

0.86

Pt1
Reticulofenestra asanoi (LCO) medium (over 4 micron) Gephyrocapsa spp. reentrance (reemG event) Gephyrocapsa sp.3 FAD; end of small Gephyrocapsa spp. dominance

un-named

Ensenadan

Leerdam
Rhizosolenia matuyamai Rhizosolenia matuyamai

Irvingtonian

NSR 13 (Cass. teretis)

Anthocyrtidium euryclathrum

Microtus meadensis, Lemmiscus curtatus

N22

Bayelian

Wheelerian

Linge Bavel

Castlecliffian

Sicilian a NN19

Reticulofenestra asanoi (FCO)

Anthocyrtidium angulare

Lamprocyrtis nigriniae

Krinitsa

Euceratherium Ondatra annectens, Microtus sp. (5T) Stegomastodon

E. Pleist.
Calabrian Emilian
Pulleniatina finalis

Helicosphaera sellii Globoturborotalita obliquus

large (over 5.5 micron) Gephyrocapsa spp. LAD (tlG event)& beginning of small Gephyrocapsa spp. dominance

Menapian Beestonian

Eopleistocene

Actinocyclus oculatus

Lamprocyrtis neoheteroporos

Synaptomys Mammuthus

E. Pleist.

RN13

b b CN13

Pre-Illinoian

Werrikooian

Ir 1 Waalian NPD10
Proboscia curvirostris

WS1

MIS 52 (Cala 2)

1.54
large (over 5.5 micron) Gephyrocapsa spp. (blG event) Calcidiscus macintyrei Selenopemphix dionaeacysta Globoturborotalita apertura medium (over 4 micron) Gephyrocapsa spp. (bmG event) Pterocanium prismatium Globigerina cariacoensis

Anthocyrtidium michelinae

WL1 Tolucheevka
Megalonyx wheateyi

1.65

Neogloboquadrina acostaensis

WS2

MIS 58 (Cala 1)

Santomian

Thalassiosira antiqua

Eburonian

Phenacomys Paramylodon harlani

Hypolagus, Ophiomys, Mictomys vetus Megalonyx leptostomus, Platygonus bicalcaratus, Ondatra idahoensis

WL2

1.81

Globigerinoides fistulosus

Anthocyrtidium angulare

Cassidulina grossa, Ammonia beccari

Pterocorys zancleus

Coscinodiscus pustulatus

C5-6 C4c

Pastonian Pre-Pastonian / Baventian Khapry Uquian Bramertonian / Antian

Lepus Platygonus vetus Northrotheriops, Mictomys kansasensis/mel, Allophaiomys pliocaenicus Prodipodomys

1.81
I J WS3

Pyxidicula horridus Truncorotalia (Globorotalia) truncatulinoides Globigerinoides extremus Pulleniatina finalis Discoaster brouweri Discoaster triradiatus Fragilariopsis doliolus

RN12b

2
PL6

Neodenticula koizumii Theocorythium vetulum Pyxidicula pustulata

D21
Menardella exilis

Venturian
Nanippus peninsulatus, Borophagus diversidens, Glossotherium chapadmalense Procasteroides

Nukumaruan WL3

Tiglian A, B, C1-3 Late Pliocene Thurnian

Gelasian

C2

Ge 2

2.16

NN18 Gelasian
Pulleniatina (Atl.) -- reappearance Menardella limbata

d
Discoaster triradiatus (acme)

Gelasian
K WS4

MN17

Menardella pertenuis

Globoturborotalita woodi Spiniferites pachyderma

NSR 12B (Cass. grossa)

Discoaster pentaradiatus Invertocysta tabulata

NPD9

Bl 5

Thalassiosira convexa

Ludhamian

Verkhodon

Menardella (Globorotalia) miocenica (Atl); Globorotalia pseudomiocenica (Indo-Pac)

NN17

c
Discoaster surculus

Anthocyrtidium jenghisi

Onadatra idahoensis, Smilodon gracilis Paenemarmota,

WL4

Ge 1

2.50

Praetiglian RN12a Reuverian C

Lamprocyrtis neoheteroporus Theocorythium trachelium trachelium. Neodenticula kamtschatica Neodenticula seminae Neodenticula kamtschatica (LCO)

Reuverian B

Waltonian

Dipoides rexroadensis, Ogmodontomys poaphagus, Pliopotamys, Pliolemmus

PL5 Pia 2
2.80

Globoturborotalita decoraperta

Stichocorys peregrina

CN12
Globorotalia crassaformis (S coiling)

Discoaster tamalis Cassidulina grossa LCO, Sigmoilopsis schlumbergeri, Nonion affine LCO, Monspeliensis pseudotepida, Globorotalia inflata (pl. foram) S. North Sea: Hyalinea balthica

Bl 4

Piacenzian

MN16

Piacenzian

Globorotalia crassaformis (D coiling) Menardella multicamerata

Anthocyrtidium ehrenbergi

Yatalan

2.59

Globorotalia truncatulinoides [Pacific]

Cycladophora davisiana

Pre-Ludhamian

Glossotherium chapadmalense, Mictomys vetus

Repettian

Mangapanian

RS

2.59

Miracinonyx inexpectatus

NN16 PL4 N20/ N21 Pia 1

3.27
Globigerinoides fistulosus Dentoglobigerina altispira Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina Sphaeroidinellopsis dehiscens s.str. Hirsutella cibaoensis Globorotalia crassaformis (S coiling)

RN11b

Didymocyrtis tetrathalamus tetrathalamus Didymocyrtis avita Thalassiosira marujamica Pliolemmus Sylvilagus

Globorotalia inflata Globorotalia crassaformis (D coiling) Globorotalia tosaensis Globoquadrina baroemoenensis

NSR 12A (Glob. inflata)

NPD8

Thalassiosira jacksonii

Blancan

Globorotalia sp.cf. G. crassula

C2A
Pulleniatina (Atl. disappearance) Anthocyrtidium pliocenica Phormostichoartus fistula

Borophagus hilli, Platygonus pearcei

PL3

Chapadmalalan

Procastoroides Stegomastodon, Platygonus bicalcaratus

Menardella pertenuis

RN11a

Pliocene

Sphenolithus spp.

3.60
Melitasphaeridium choanophorum Pulleniatina primalis Menardella (Globorotalila) miocenica Globorotalia plesiotumida Hirsutella (Globorotalia) margaritae Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus PLANK. FORAMS = Neogloboquadrina atlantica, Globorotalia crassaformis, Globorotalia puncticulata, Neogloboquadrina humerosa

Lychnodictyum audax

Bl 3

Borophagus diversidens, Megalonyx leptostomus, Glyptotherium

3.60
Megantereon

Neodenticula koizumii

MN15

NN15
Phormostichoartus doliolum

Actinocyclus oculatus

Discoaster tricorniculatus

RN10

Kalimnan

Za 2

4.01

Amphirhopalum ypsilon Pliopotamys

NN14 PL2 CN11

b
Discoaster asymmetricus (FCO) Spiniferites cf. pseudofurcatus Reticulatosphaera actinocoronata Spiniferites splendidus

Spongaster tetras tetras Spongaster pentas Didymocyrtis avita Didymocyrtis penultima Spongaster berminghami, Spongaster klingi

Pulleniatina spectabilis

Neogene

Truncorotalia (Globorotalia) crassaformis s.l.

a
Globoturborotalita nepenthes

NPD7Bc

Bl 2 MN14

Zanclean
Za 1
4.62

b
Globoconella (Globorotalia) puncticulata

Menardella exilis

NSR 11 (Neoglob . atlantica)

Amaurolithus primus

Zanclean
Cheltenhamian

Sphaeroidinellopsis kochi

b NN13
Ogmodontomys poaphagus Ophiomys, Platygonus pearcei, Dipoides rexroadensis Globigerinoides seiglei Ogmodontomys sawrockensis

Delmontian

Bl 1 c
Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica, Discoaster ovata Reticulofenestra antarctica T. insigna Pterocanium prismatium

Ursus

Nanippus peninsulatus, Ogmodontomys sawrockensis

5
N18 C3 PL1 a CN10
Ceratolithus rugosus Ceratolithus acutus

Operculodinium tegillatum Transition of Ceratolithus acutus to C. rugosus in Atlantic Barssidinium evangelinae Thalassiosira latimarginata

5.33
NN12

Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus Ceratolithus acutus Ceratolithus larrymayeri (sp.1) Bolboforma metzmacheri, Cibicides telegdi; PLANK. FORAMS = Neogloboquadrina atlantica (dextral), Globigerina bulloides, Neogloboquadrina acostaensis

RN9

D20

Montehermosan

NPD7Bb

Solenosphaera omnitubus procera, Soleno. omni. omnitubus

5.33
Hh 4

a
Sphaeroidinellopsis dehiscens

Spongaster pentas

Thalassiosira oestrupii Acrobotrys tritubus Discoaster quinqueramus Globorotalia pliozea, Globorotalia sphericomiozea Globorotalia tumida Pterocorys campanula

MN13

Hemphilian

a d
Globorotalia humilis

Siphostichartus corona

Messinian

Miocene
6

NSR 10 (Bolbo. metsmacheri) alt NN11a

Nicklithus amplificus

Eocioleus; carnivores (Lutra, Megantereon, Mustela, Sminthosinus, Trigonictis); arvicolines (Ogmodontomys, Protopliophenacomys) and Miopetaurista (flying squirrel) in Hh 4

NPD7Ba

M14

Globoquadrina dehiscens

Messinian

Me 2

5.77

Mitchellian

CN9

N17b

Globorotalia margaritae

Rouxia californica

Globorotalia lenguaensis Globigerinoides conglobatus

Calocycletta (Calocyclior) caepa Thalassiosira praeoestrupii

Thalassiosira miocenica

Hh 3

C3A M13 b

Acrobotrys tritubus

September 2008

Age
0

Sequences

Marine O-18 Composite

Antarctic Ice Cores

Regional Stage

Planktonic Foraminifers

Calcareous Nannofossils

Dinoflagellate Cysts

North Sea Microfossil Zones

Radiolarians

Diatoms

Eurasian Stages

Regional Stages

Chinese Loess

Stage