PLANNING

By Sreerupa Rath

WHAT IS PLANNING ???

 Planning involves selecting missions and

objectives and the actions to achieve them; it requires decision making, that is, choosing from among alternative future courses of action.
Planning is an exercise that determines in advance:

a. The ends (What is to be done or achieved?) b. The means (How it is to be done?) c. The timing (When to do what?) d. The responsibility (Who should do what?) e. The reason (Why it should be done?)

NATURE OF PLANNING
Planning is goal oriented

Planning is an intellectual or Rational process

Planning is a primary function Planning is All-pervasive Planning is future oriented and involves

forecasting Planning is a perpetual process Planning is an integrated process Planning involves choice

ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF PLANNING

Focuses attention on Objectives

Offsets Uncertainty and Risk

Provides Sense of Direction Provides Guidelines for Decision making Increases Organizational Effectiveness Provides efficiency in Operations Ensures Better Coordination Facilitates Control

Encourages Innovation and Creativity

Facilitates Delegation

TYPES OF PLANS
Plans based on Organizational Level

Strategic Plans Tactical Plans Operational Plans

Plans based on Frequency of Use

Single-use plans Programs Budgets Projects Standing Plans

 Plans based on Time frame

Long term plans Intermediate term plans Short term plans

TYPES OF PLANNING
FORMAL STRATEGIC INFORMAL

STEPS IN THE PLANNING PROCESS

Analyzing Opportunities

Establishing Objectives
Determining Planning Premises Identifying Alternatives Evaluating Available Alternatives Selecting the most Appropriate Alternative Implementing the Plan Reviewing the Plan

STEPS IN PLANNING

MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES (MBO)

THANKYO U