‘this stor non-core Russian-speakers only ! if you are not a Russian speaker delete this file immediately ! use by ‘Amn Cran NpeAMORNAEN Mae AN 1. pyceitnx nomacearenest paver H ywentox, B ocoGennoctH 2. caoGonworo, Hevemnieprecrcro H BECIMIATHOTO paenpecrpanetvin ‘CKHH/POBaHO NOTOM 1 KPOBbIO HOCAME 2m den py --< cKaH ™ JlexaBn-xonnepcua MYCAHD 9 Qponr.py >-- 1 Gross Anatomy of the Brain I. Introduction—The Brain “in that part of the central nervous system (CNS) that lies within the eranial ‘vault, the encephalon. Its hemispheric surface is convoluted (ie., gyren- cephalic) and has gyri and sulci. consists of the cerebrum (cerebral hemispheres and the diencephalon*); the brainstem (midbrain, pons, and medulla); and the cerebellum. weighs 350 gin the newborn and 1400 g in the adult, “is covered by three connective tissue membranes, the meninges. “is surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which supports it and pro- tects it from trauma. Il. Divisions of the Brain the brain is classified into six postembryonie divisions: telencephalon, dien- cephalon, mesencephalon, pons, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum. A. Telencephalon consists of the cerebral hemispheres (which comprise both cerebral ‘cortex and white matter) and the basal ganglia. The cerebral hemi- spheres contain the lateral ventricles. 1. Cerebral hemispheres (Figures 1-1 to 1-5) ~are separated by the longitudinal cerebral fissure and the falx cerebri, “are interconnected by the corpus callosum. consist of six lobes and the olfactory structures: a. Frontal lobe (see Figures 1-3 and 1-4) extends from the central sulcus to the frontal pole. lies above the lateral sulcus and anterior to the central sulcus. “contains the following gy: () Precentral gyrus “consists of the motor area (area 4). “Sore auth Cleat diencephalon wx par he lnuiaon, aw prio ie eran --< He mma npomam >--ckaH vt JlexaBio-KoHBepcua MYCAHJ| st Opont.py >-- r-<, Neuroanatomy 2 Longitudinal cerebral Olfactory sulcus, Orbital gyri, _Lateral and medial feminences Laterat suicus~y - Uncus Oculomotor nerve- Collateral sulcus Trochlear nerve~| Facial nerve Trigeminal nerve_ (Sensory root) Obl. fasciculus ~ ~Vestibulocochlear of pons Floceulue~ nerve Gio 7 Lotero! recess jssopharyngea nerve! Olive “Pyramidal decussation “Accessory nerve (IZ ventricie) “S Second cervical nerve Vugus nerve Hypoglossal nerve ++ Mammillory body; cerebral peduncle (O= Abducens nerve; pyromid of medulla Figure 1-1. Base of the brain with the attached cranial nerves. (Reprinted with permission from Truex RC, Kellner CE: Detailed Atlas of the Head and Neck. New York, Oxford University Press, 1858, p 34.) (2) Superior frontal gyrus —contains the supplementary motor cortex on the medial sur- face (area 6). (3) Middle frontal gyrus contains the frontal eye field (area 8). (4) Inferior frontal gyrus ~contains Broca’s speech area in the dominant hemisphere (areas 44 and 45), (5) Gyrus rectus and orbital gyri ~are separated by the olfactory suleus. (6) Anterior paracentral lobule ~ie found on the medial surface between the superior frontal gyrus (paracentral sulcus) and the central sulcus. represents a continuation of the precentral gyrus on the medial hemispheric surface. b. Parietal lobe (see Figures 1-3 to 1-5) -extends from the central sulcus to the occipital lobe and lies supe- rior to the temporal lobe. --< He gna nponax >--< can u JlewaBw-KoHBepcua MYCAH], 2T QpoHT.py >-- Chapter 1 Gross Anatomy of the Brain. | 3 Medial olfactory stria Olfactory tigone Lat. olfactory stia -Diagonal band of Broca tnfunatoutum ft Temporal polo, A. Lat. sulcus Collaterat sulcus. -Extemal capsule -Lat. goniculate body ~Bractium of sup. coliculus Parahippocampal gyrus Hippocampal sulcus Inf, temporal gyrus - In. tomporal sulcus - Isthmus of gyrus cingul Figure 1-2. Inferior surface of the brain showing principal gyi and suld. The left hemisphere has been dissected to show the vsual petways end elation othe ope radon tothe lateral vere. (Repited wth permission fom Truex RC, Kellner CE: Detailed Atlas ofthe Head and Neck. New York, Oxtord University Press, 1958, p 46.) ~contains the following lobules and gyri: (1) Posteentral gyrus -is the primary sensory area of the cerebral cortex (areas 3, 1, and 2). (2) Superior parietal lobule “comprises association areas involved in somatosensory func- tions (areas 5 and 7). (3) Inferior parietal lobule (a) Supramarginal gyrus -interrelates somatosensory, auditory, and visual input (area 40). (b) Angular gyrus receives visual impulses (area 39). (4) Precuneus -is located between the paracentral lobule and the cuneus. () Posterior paracentral lobule is located on the medial surface between the central sulcus and the precuneus. -represents a continuation of the postcentral gyrus on the medial hemispheric surface. --< He aA Tomax >--