Stress/strain curve

Material Properties
Characteristics of Material are described as

Strength
Hardness Ductility Brittleness Toughness

Material Properties
1) Strength
- Measure of the material property to resist deformation

and to maintain its shape

- It is quantified in terms of yield stress or ultimate tensile strength. - High carbon steels and metal alloys have higher strength than pure metals. - Ceramic also exhibit high strength characteristics.

Material Properties
2) Hardness
- Measure of the material property to resist indentation,

abrasion and wear. - It is quantified by hardness scale such as Rockwell and Brinell hardness scale. - Hardness and Strength correlate well because both

properties are related to in-molecular bonding.

Material Properties
3) Ductility
- Measure of the material property to deform before failure.

- It is quantified by reading the value of strain at the fracture point on the stress strain curve. - Example of ductile material : low carbon steel

aluminum
bubble gum

Material Properties
4) Brittleness
- Measure of the materials inability to deform before failure.

- The opposite of ductility. - Example of ductile material : glass, high carbon steel, ceramics
Brittle

Ductile

Strain

Material Properties
- Charpy V-Notch Test

Material Properties
Charpy V-Notch Test (continued)

- The potential energy of the pendulum before and after impact can be calculated form the initial and final location of the pendulum. - The potential energy difference is the energy it took to break the material. absorbed during the impact. - Charpy test is an impact toughness measurement test because the energy is absorbed by the specimen very

rapidly.
- Purpose : to evaluate the impact toughness as a function of temperature

CREEP
Occurs at elevated temperature, T > 0.4 Tmelt Deformation changes with time.

Fatigue
Repeated loading and unloading (cyclical loading) of a material will cause it to fail, even if the loads are below the ultimate stress The fatigue life of a material is recorded on a curve of stress () versus number of cycles, or S-N curve Endurance limit of a material is a level of stress tolerated for extended period of time

S-N curve