SAP2000.

ng dng tin hc trong TKCT

Chng 1. Giao din SAP2000.

I. II. Gii thiu c pht trin 30 nm(1970): SAP, SAPIV, SAP86, SAP90, SAP2000 Kh nng ln.: Tnh theo phng php phn t hu hn. D s dng. Chuyn mn ho: CSI( SAP, ETABS, SAFE). Thit k. Kh nng v mt s khi nim cn bit trong SAP2000

1. Bi ton: - Tnh hc. - ng hc: Dao ng ring, Ph phn ng (Ti trng ng t, Ti trng thay i theo thi gian). - Bi ton Cu: Ti trng di ng. - Bi ton n nh: n nh hnh hc ( P-Delta) - Bi ton thit k tit din: BTCT(Reinforce Concrete); KC thp (Steel). KC thanh - B tng Theo tiu chun: ACI, BS, CAN, EURO. (BS). - KC Thp: AISC, BS, CAN, EURO.

2. H ta
- H ta tng th (Global Coordinate) Oxyz hoac toa o tru. - H ta a phng (Local Coordinate)

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3. Kiu phn t

- Thanh =Frame - nh ngha Frame - Cc thng tin v Frame - S hiu Frame - S hiu nt u v cui (End I v End J) - Tit din thanh v vt liu.
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- V tr thanh trong h to tng th. - Lin kt Frame- nt - Ti trng trn Frame - Kt qu. Tm = Shell: - Cc loi shell: Shell tam gic (ba nt); T gic (bn nt) - Shell= tm kh nng chu ko nn, un. (Mc nh) - Plate= Tm ch un - Membrance = Tm ch chu ko nn. - Thng tin v Shell : Ging Frame NLL= None Linear Link Element Asolid: Trng thi phng. Solid: Phn t khi. Ch : S hiu (label); H to a phng, c trng vt liu, Ti trng trn phn t. im lin kt cc phn t. im xc nh chuyn v im xc nh iu kin bin Ti trng tp trung (tr ti tp trung trn Frame). Khi lng tp trung (Bi ton ng). Ch : Lin kt: Lin kt cng (Restraints), Lin kt n hi (Spring). Mt nt c 6 bc t do: U1, U2, U3 (thng); R1, R2, R3 (Xoay). ( Mi nt 1-2-3 mc nh tng ng X-Y-Z. - Translation U1, U2, U3= UX,UY,UZ - Rotation R1, R2, R3= RX, RY, RZ) Bc t do tnh ton: (DOF=Degree of Freedom): S bc tnh ton ca mi nt. Thng khi tnh bi ton phng. Chuyn v gi ta (Displacement Load). Chuyn v cng bc ca nt c lin kt. Khng khai bo Lin kt nt Restraints trng Spring.(theo cng mt phng) Khng gii hn s nt. (Nonlinear)

4. Nt (Joints):
-

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5. Bac t do tnh toan ( DOF )

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6. Trnh t vo s liu trong sap2k

To s tnh: To trn giy To S hnh hc. (Draw v Edit) To s kt cu. (Define v Assign) Chn la phn tch ( Phn tch kt qu ) Bi ton thit k.

III.

Ci t sap2000: SAP2000 Nonlinear Ver 7.42

HNG DAN CAI AT SAP2000 V7.42

1. Cai at SAP7.10 bang cach nhap oi chuot vao Setup trong th muc SAP7.10. 2. Update len SAP7.40 bang cach nhap oi chuot vao Setup trong th muc SAP7.40. 3. Update len SAP7.42 bang cach nhap oi chuot vao Setup trong th muc SAP7.42. Chu y phai chon lai ung th muc C:\SAP2000N nh khi cai at cho SAP7.10 va SAP7.40. 4. Chep cac file Crack vao th muc SAP2000N va mi cai at. 5. Bung nen file Crack2 vao th muc SAP2000N va mi cai at. 6. Chay file patch.exe. 7. Chay bieu tng SAP va mi cai at.

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IV.

Giao din SAP2k

1. Th mc lm vic - Nn to mt th mc lm vic ring - Mi th mc con l mt bi ton 2. File s liu: Input: *.SDB (*.$2k -> *.S2k, *.SBK). Import SAP90, *.DXF DXF: (Mt dng file d liu ca Autocad) Output: *.Out (* .TXT) To file s liu: New Model New Model From Template Import - In kt qu: *.Out - File\Print - Export

3. Mn hnh SAP2000 - Gi SAP Start\Pro...\Sap2000 - Title bar= thanh tiu - Menu bar: M, ..., > - Status Bar: Thanh trng thi n v tnh: Kgf-m : Chn n v tnh ngay khi m file mi. Kg; kG=Kgf Thng bo: - Main Tool Bar (MTB): Undo: ->n khi cha Save Unlock \ Lock: >: Run Zoom: View Set Element: Assign (7.42) - Side Tool Bar (STB): Select, Draw - Vng lm vic: Ca s hin th.1->4 - Ch lm vic: Select ; Draw. Mc nh l select - Select: Ging trong AutoCad Single: Window: Crossing line: STB. Ging select Fence trong AutoCad All: STB. Chn ton b i tng trong s tnh.
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PS:STB chn PS CLear: STB chn CL La chn theo thuc tnh ca i tng: trong menu Select. - Draw: To i tng - View (Zoom): song song vi Select v Draw. View 3d, xy, yz, zx (MTB) - Zoom (MTB) - Ci t view: Set 3d, 2d View: menu View chn set 3d, 2d View. iu chnh im nhn. Set Limits:Menu View chn Set limits: Gii hn vng nhn. Save view, Show name View. Show grid, Axis, Selection Only, Show All. Menu Display: Hin thng tin vo hoc kt qu.

SAP2000 ver 7.42

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SAP2000 ver 10

SAP2000 ver 11

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Chng 2. To S hnh hc
I. To ng li (Grid line): l cc ng thng song song trc XYZ - Cch 1: New: to ra cc ng li c bn. - Cch2 . Khng khai bo ban u. (Menu File\New Model From Template) - ngha ca Grid: - im ni - Xem (XY,YZ,ZX) Edit grid line. - Menu Draw\Edit Grid hoc bm double click phm tri vo ng li. - Direction: La chn trc to m cc ng li vung gc. - (X,Y,Z) Location: to cc ng li trn cc trc tng ng. - Lock Grid line: Mc nh chn. Kha ng li. - Snap to Gridline: Truy bt cc im trn ng li khi to i tng. Mc nh Chn. - Glue Joint to Grid: Mc nh Chn. - Add: Thm mt ng li: - Location: nhp to - Bm Add. - Move: Di chuyn ng li - Location: Chn ng li. - Thay i to . - Bm Move. - Delete: Xo mt ng li. - Chn ng li - Bm Delete. - Delete All: Xo tt c ng li trn trc to hin thi. - Lock Grid line: Mc nh chn. Kha ng li - Snap to Gridline: Truy bt cc Im trn ng li khi to i tng. Mc nh Chn. Chn ca - Glue Joint to Grid: Mc nh Chn. II. To i tng Frames. Chn cc chc nng truy bt im trn STB (Gn ging AutoCad) Joint and Grid Point: ging Oject Snap Node (Insert): Mt im l nt hoc Grid Midpoint and End point:im gia hoc im cui Intersection: im giao nhau Perpendicular: Vung gc Line and Edge: im bt k trn ng li hoc trn cnh i tng (Nearest)
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1. Quick Draw Frame: - Bm Vo biu tng Quick Draw Frame hoc Trong Menu Draw\ Quick Draw Frame SAP chuyn sang ch Draw. Di chuyn n Grid line, bm phm tri s to ra mt frame. Nu di chuyn ngoi Grid line( Trong li), bm phm tri th to ra hai Frame cho nhau. 2. Draw Frame - Bm Vo biu tng Draw Frame hoc Trong Menu Draw\Draw Frame Ln lt Bm phm tri vo cc im cn to Frame. Thot bm (ESC). Ch : - Truy bt im - SAP2000 t ng ni cc nt ca phn t. (T ng Connect) - Cc nt t ng sinh ra khi Frame c to ra. - Mun xem s hiu phn t v Nt. Bm vo Set Element (trn ca s hin thi - nu kch thc s hiu nh hoc to qu (Option\Preference\Max(Min) graphic font size) - Trc to a phng: (Local Axis) - Trc 1: nm theo trc ca phn t, hng t end I (Start) End J (End). C mu - Trc 2: nm trong mp un chnh ca tit din (chiu cao tit din). Mu trng - Trc 3 to vi trc 1,2 theo qui tc bn tay phi (Xc nh theo trc1, 2). Mu Cyan. - Mc ch: - V tr tit din phn t trong h to tng th (X,YZ) - Ti trng - Kt qu ni lc Nguyn tc gn trc a phng t ng ca SAP2000. - Nu Phn t song song mp (x,y) th trc 2 song song trc +Z - Nu phn t song song trc +Z (trc +1 song song +Z) th trc 2 song song +X - Nu trc +1 khng song song vi X or Y or Z th mp 1,2 song song vi trc +Z v trc 2 hung ln trn. => Cch khai bo phn t Frame. Lun theo chiu trc to .( Cc nt gn t tri sang(X), t ngoi vo trong (Y), T di ln (+Z). - Xem h to : Chn Set element\Chn Local Axis (Frame). III. To i tng Shell. Chn cc chc nng truy bt im trn STB (Gn ging AutoCad)

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1. Quick Draw Shell: - Bm Vo biu tng Quick Draw Shell hoc Trong Menu Draw\ Quick Draw Shell Chuyn sang ch Draw. Bm phm tri vo li. 2. Rectangular Shell: 3. Draw Quad Shell: - Bm Vo biu tng Draw Shell hoc Trong Menu Draw\ Draw Shell Chuyn sang ch Draw. Ln lt bm phm tri vo mt li. (Gi cc nt J1,j2,j3,j4). Nu bm J1,j2,j3,j1 oc phn t tam gic. Nu bm J1,j2,j3,j4 c phn t t gic. Ch : - SAP2000 t ng ni cc nt ca phn t. (T ng Connect) - Cc nt t ng sinh ra khi Shell c to ra. - Mun xem s hiu phn t v Nt. Bm vo Set Element - H to a phng ca Shell : H 1,2,3 - V tr ca phn t (Mt trn v di trong h to tng th) - Trc 3: Lun vung gc vi mt trn ca Shell. Hng v pha ngi s dng (Hng ra mn hnh). - mp (2,3) lun // Z. +2 hng theo +Z. Nu +3 //+Z th +2//+Y - Trc 1 // mp (X,Y) - Xem h to : Chn Set element\Chn Local Axis (Frame, Shell). Ch khi m hnh ho - Frame: i vi thanh cong khng qu 15 - Shell: - Cc gc trong ca phn t nm trong khong t 45 n 135 . - T s khong cch t im gia cc cnh i din khng qu 10(tt nht bng mt) (4 nt) - Gc lch khng qu 15 (tt nht l trong mt mt phng) - Nn s dng phn t 4 nt, phn t 3 nt ch dng bin IV. Gn Joint. - H to a phng ca ring nt (1,2,3). Tuy nhin mc nh h trc 1,2,3 trng trc X,Y,Z. Khng cn thit phi thay i. - U1=UX, U2=UY, U3=UZ, R1=RX, R2=RY, R3=RZ. ( Translation 1=U1=UX...; Rotation 1=R1=RX) - Float Toolbar\ Add special Joint hoc trong menu Draw V. ReShape - Float Toolbar\ Re Shape hoc trong menu Draw\ReShape - Chn phn t
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- Di chuyn hoc co dn phn t. Xem thng tin phn t: bm phm phi vo phn t VI. Xo i tng - Select. - Bm Delete trn bn phm. VII. Copy v Dn i tng - Select - Menu Edit \Copy (Ctrl+C) Dn (Paste) Menu Edit\Paste (Ctrl+V) C th dn ra i tng sang cc ng dng khc: VD: Excel, Word. Thng dng trong cc bi ton kh. (C th s dng DXF thay th) VIII. Di chuyn (Move) - Select - Menu Edit\Move-> Nhp khong cch. IX. Replicate (T sinh) - Chn i tng. - Menu Edit\Replicate 1. Linear. Thng - Nhp khong cch gia cc ln t sinh: (X,Y,Z= Hnh chiu ca khong cch trn cc trc X,Y,Z. - Number: S ln t sinh. 2. Radial: Xoay - Chn trc xoay (Rotate About: chn trc X,Y,Z) - increment data: + Angle: Bc nhy gc + Number: S ln t sinh 3. Mirror : i xng qua mp. - Mirror about: + chn mp i xng (XY, YZ, ZX) Chun + ordinate: Vi tr mp i xng trn trc cn li. - Gi nguyn thuc tnh ca i tng (Tit din, ti trng, lin kt) - Trnh trng phn t: Ti v tr tn ti nt, phn t th khng t sinh thm X. Divide Frame: Chia nh Frame. - Chn Frame. - Menu Edit \ Divide Frame. - Divide into: s pt cn chia last/first= T s khong cch ca Frame chia cui/ Frame u tin - Break: (Chn thm cc nt hoc Fr)
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XI. Join Frame. Ni Frame - Chn hai Frame - Menu Edit\Join Frame Ch hai Frame phi thng hng XII. Mesh Shell: Chia nh Shell. - Select Shell. - Menu Edit\Mesh Shell: - Chia theo s phn t xc nh: - Chia theo s nt or Grid line trn cnh shell ban u Ch : Khi edit i tng. Cc thuc tnh ca i tng lun c mang theo XIII. Disconnect. - Tch ri cc nt ca tng phn t. Khi c nhiu nt ti mt to

XIV. Connect. - Ni cc nt ca cc phn t ti mt to thnh mt nt (ngc vi disconnect) XV. Show Duplicates: Hin th cc i tng b trng nhau. - Thng s dng khi disconnect, khi c nhiu nt ti cng mt to . XVI. Change label: nh li s hiu nt v phn t. - Chn cc i tng mun nh li s hiu - Menu Edit\Change label - Select Element: La chn loi i tng sp xp - Next number: S hiu u tin - increment: bc nhy - Prefix: K t truc s hiu - Relabel Order: Th t Trc sp xp Order1: chn trc sp xp u tin 1: i tng c cng to trc chn s c sp xp. Order2: chn trc sp xp u tin 2: i tng c cng to trc chn s c sp xp. - OK ( Prefix: Thm k t trc s hiu i tng)

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XVII. New Label: t li ch t ng sinh s hiu i tng - Menu Draw\New Label. Khc nhau gia Change Label v New Label: - Change Label: Thay i s hiu ca cc i tng c. - New Label: Thay i s hiu ca cc i tng s to mi.

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Chng 3. To s kt cu.
Trn c s s hnh hc -> Gn thuc tnh cho i tng (Properties)

I. 1.

Gn thuc tnh cho phn t frame. H to a phng. Gn mc nh trc a phng ca SAP

2. Thay i chiu ca h to a phng. - Chn phn t - Menu Assign\Frame\ Local Axis - Angle: Gc quay trc 2,3 quanh trc 1. >0 ngc chiu kim ng h (H thanh phn t ct: i phng trc 2). Tnh theo gc l gc mc nh. - Reverse: i chiu quay trc 1. 3. Khai bo vt liu: Dng cho ton b m hnh tnh (Frame, Shell,...) - Menu Define\Material - Add: Thm mt loi vt VL - Material Name: Tn Loi Vt liu. Do ngi dng t, nn t tn theo loi vt liu s dng, v d: B tng 200=BT200. - Type of Material: Lun chn Isotropic (ng hng); Ortho (trc hng) - Mass Volume: Khi lng ring - Weight Volume: Trng lng ring. - Modulus of Elastic ...: E ( E thay i theo mc BT) - Poisson: H s Pot Xng (): 0.1-0.3. B tng=0.18-0.2; Thp=0.3 - Modify: Thay i loi VL c sn ( khai bo) - Chn tn VL - Bm vao Modify. -> Ging nh New. - Delete ch xo c khi cha gn Vl cho tit din 4. Khai bo tit din - Menu Define\Frame Section - Add: T khai bo cc tit din - Chn tn kiu tit din: Bm vo Add .. - Section name: Tn tit din nh ngha. (Loi phn t ct v dm t tn ring) - Loi Vt liu. - Khai bo tham s trong Dimension. Tu theo tit din - OK - Modify: Thay i cc thng s tit din khai bo - Chn tn tit din - Bm Modify
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- Delete: Xo. Nu tit din gn cho phn t th khng xo c. Add General, Add AutoSelect, Add NonPrimastic: nghin cu sau. Import : ly tit din khai bo sn trong th vin tit din mu ca sap. 5. Gn tit din cho phn t Frame Chn Frame. Main Toolbar. Bm I (Hoc Menu Assign\Frame\Section) Chn tn tit din OK.

6. Khai bo s tit din tnh ni lc - Chn Frame - Menu Assign\Frame\ Output Segments

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II.

Gn thuc tnh cho Shell

1. H to a phng: - Thay i hng h to : - Chn phn t. - Menu Assign\ Shell\ Local Axes. - Angle:Quay trc 1,2 quanh trc 3. - Reverse: i chiu trc 3. - Ok hoc Cancel 2. Khai bo VL Shell: chung Frame 3. Khai bo tit din Shell - Menu Define\Shell Section - Add: Thm mt loi - Section name: Tn loi tit din Shell. Do ngi s dng t - Material: Chn loi vt liu - Material Angle=0 (vt liu ng hng) - Thickness: chiu dy tm (Membrance= Bending)= chiu dy sn hoc chiu dy li trong s tnh. - Type: mc nh l Shell. Nu chia phn t dy qu nn chn thick plate. - Show/ Modify: Xem hoc sa i - Delete: Xo. (Khng xo c kiu tit din khai bo). 4. Gn tit din cho Shell - Chn Shell - Main Toolbar hoc Menu Assign\Shell\Section III. Gn iu kin bin ca nt. Mc nh khi nt t sinh cng phn t th nt t do (khng c lin kt ngn cn). Trn mi phng ca mt nt ch c th l restraints hoc spring, khng bao gi c php gn ng thi mc d Sap cho php, nhng rt kh khi c kt qu 1. Gn Restraints: gi cng. cng v cng. - Chn nt - Main Toolbar chn biu tng gi ta hoc vo menu Assign\Joint\Restraints - La chn Translation 1,2,3= U( X,Y,Z) - La chn Rotation 1,2,3= R(X,Y,Z) - Ok 2. Gn Spring: Gi n hi. cng khc v cng khi ti lin kt c chuyn v khc 0 - Chn nt - Assign\Joint\Spring
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- Translation 1,2,3= K(X,Y,Z)= Nhp gi tr Lc/chiu di. - Rotation 1,2,3= Kr(X,Y,Z)= Nhp gi tr Moment/Rad. Thng cc bi ton kt cu khng phi nhp gi tr Rotation. Gi tr Translation c th hiu l cng l xo ca gi ta theo cc phng tng ng. S dng tt trong bi ton trn nn n hi. - Add: Cng i s - Replace: Thay ton b gi tr mi - Delete: Xo ton b gi tr gn. IV. iu kin bin ca Frame - Mc nh Frame lin kt vi hai nt l ngm - Khai bo: - Chn Frame - Menu Assign\Frame\Release - Chn cc lin kt cn gii phng: Ch Start =End I; End=End J. - No release= lin kt mc nh ban u ca frame vi nt (ngm). - Ok Khng bao gi gii phng ht cc lin kt v khi frame khng lin kt vi nt na v nh vy l frame b bin hnh. Thng s dng trong bi ton dn, ct, thp thp, h kt cu dy.. hay h kt cu m thanh khng chu m men xem cc lin kt gii phng trong ch underform th chn set element hoc s dng phm phi chut. Release khc Restraints?

TAI TRONG

V.

Ti trng trn phn t Frame Trong mi mt trng hp ti trng th mt Frame c th gn cc dng ti trng: Uniform: u, Trapezoidal: Hnh thang, Point Load: Tp trung, Ti
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trng trng lc(Gravity, thng khng dng). y ang xt cho mt trng hp ti trng nn trong qu trnh khai bo la chn Load Case Name (Tn trng hp ti trng) mc nh chn trng hp ti trng c tn l Load1. Sau ny khi gn cho trng hp ti trng khc th nht thit u tin phi chn tn trng hp ti trng cn gn. 1. Uniform load (Span Load) Khai bo: - Chn Frame - Menu Assign\Frame Static Load\ Point and Uniform. Hoc biu tng ti trng Frame trn Main ToolBar - Type: kiu ti trng l momen hay lc phn b - Direction: hng ca ti trng theo cc trc trong cc h ta X,Y,Z ; 1,2,3 or theo hng inh ngha sn. Gravity: Phng Z. - Nhp gi tr vo Uniform: ch du - Options: Add=thm, Replace=thay gi tr mi, Delete=xo. Mun xem ti trng: Menu Display\Show load\Frame -> Chn Span Ti trng tp trung trn Frame: S im t ti tp trung l khng hn ch tuy nhin mi ln gn nhiu nht ch c 4 im t ti tp trung (1 im t ti tp trung c th c nhiu thnh phn lc tp trung theo cc phng v khc nhau) Khai bo: - Chn Frame - Menu Assign\Frame Static Load\ Point and Uniform. Hoc biu tng ti trng Frame trn Main ToolBar - Type: kiu ti trng l momen hay lc tp trung - Direction: hng ca ti trng theo cc trc trong cc h ta X,Y,Z ; 1,2,3 or theo hng inh ngha sn. - C bn im t ti c th khai bo. - Nhp gi tr vo Point Load: ch du - Distance: Khong cch im t ti tnh t u I - Relative= T s kc tnh t u I (Start )n im t ti/chiu di phn t (0 <= Relative<= 1) - Absolute= Khong cch im t ti tnh t u I. (0 <= Absolute <= L phn t) - Options: Add=thm, Replace=thay gi tr mi, Delete=xo. Mun xem ti trng: Menu Display\Show load\Frame -> Chn trng hp ti trng v cc la chn mun xem. 3. Ti trng hnh thang (Trap Load): Bn cht l ti trng phn b c gi tr thay i. S im thay i khng hn ch. Nhng mi ln gn ch cho php khai bo bn im thay i. Khai bo:
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2.

SAP2000. ng dng tin hc trong TKCT

- Chn Frame - Menu Assign\Frame Static Load\ Trapezoidal. - Type: kiu ti trng l momen hay lc phn b - Direction: hng ca ti trng theo cc trc trong cc h ta X,Y,Z ; 1,2,3 or theo hng inh ngha sn. - C bn im ti trng thay i m c th khai bo trong khung Trap Loads - Nhp gi tr vo Load: ch du - Distance: Khong cch im t ti tnh t u I - Relative= T s kc tnh t u I (Start )n im t ti/chiu di phn t (0 <= Relative 1) - Absolute= Khong cch im t ti tnh t u I. (0 <= Absolute <= L phn t) - Options: Add=thm, Replace=thay gi tr mi, Delete=xo. Mun xem ti trng: Menu Display\Show load\Frame -> Chn trng hp ti trng v cc la chn mun xem. 4. Gravity Load: t s dng s nghin cu trong phn Static Load Case.

VI. Ti trng ti nt y ang xt cho mt trng hp ti trng nn trong qu trnh khai bo la chn Load Case Name (Tn trng hp ti trng) mc nh chn trng hp ti trng c tn l Load1. Sau ny khi gn cho trng hp ti trng khc th nht thit u tin phi chn tn trng hp ti trng cn gn. 1. Ti trng tp trung nt. Mt nt c 6 tp= Fx,y,z; Mx,y,z. Du Fx,y,z=trc, Mx,y,z= ngc chiu kim ng h. Khai bo Chn nt Menu Assign\ Joint Static load\Force hoc Bm vo biu tng ti trng tp trung ti nt trn Main Tool bar Nhp cc gi tr lc v mmen tp trung theo cc phng, ch du ca ti trng Options: Add=thm, Replace=thay gi tr mi, Delete=xo. Mun xem ti trng: Menu Display\Show load\Frame -> Chn trng hp ti trng v chn thm show joints load hoc Menu Display\Show load\Joints. Nu lc tp trung t trng phng vi iu kin bin ca nt th ch gy ra phn lc nt. Chuyn v cng bc (Joint Displacement) Mt nt c 6 tp. 3tp= Ux,y,z; 3tp=Rx,y,z. Du U=trc, R= ngc chiu kim ng h. n v: U=chiu di, R=Radian Khai bo
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2.

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- Chn nt - Menu Assign\ Joint Static load\Displacement. - Nhp gi tr chuyn v cng bc. - OK Gn vo phng ca nt c khai bo lin kt restraints hoc spring. Khng gn vo nt t do v nh vy khng c ngha. Gi tr chuyn v sau khi phn tch ti lin kt c Restraint hay Spring th khc nhau. Restraints=gi tr chuyn v cng bc; Spring=s cng i s vi gi tr chuyn v ca l xo. VII. Ti trng trn Shell. Ti trng phn b trn Shell. Ti trng phn b theo phng bt k. S t ti mt phng trung bnh ca tm Khai bo - Chn Shell - Menu Assign\ Shell Static load\Uniform hoc biu tng trn MTB - Direction: X,Y,Z; 1,2,3. - Load=lc/din tch. Du theo trc to - Options: Add=thm, Replace=thay gi tr mi, Delete=xo. - OK Nu ti trng vung gc vi mt phng trung bnh ca tm th chn Direction l trc 3 trong cc bi ton phc tp nh b tr trn xoay. 2. Ti trng Gravity Load 1.

VIII. Trng hp ti trng tnh (Static load cases) Tn trng hp ti: Load Case Name Kiu ti trng (type): Dead (Tnh ti), Live(Hot ti), Wind (Gi), Snow, Quake(Ti trng tnh do ng t)-> Ch xc nh h s t hp khi SAP2000 t ng t hp (Default combination). Sefl weight: h s tnh trng lng bn thn; =0 khng tnh. Ch : - Trong cc trng hp ti trng ch c mt trng hp h s self weight khc khng. - Ch tnh trng lng bn thn ca phn t c trong s tnh. - Phn bit gia Self weight v (gravity load): - Gravity tnh theo X,Y,Z ch c tc dng ln mt s phn t. - Self weight: Tnh cho ton b cc phn t, theo phng -Z. Khai bo 1 trng hp ti trng mi. - Menu Define\Static load case - Load=tn ti trng - Chn type
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- t sefl weight - bm Add load Thay i thng s mt trng hp ti trng - Menu Define\Static load case - Chn trng hp ti trng mun thay i - Thay i cc thng s: name, type, selfweight - bm change. Xa mt trng hp ti trng - Menu Define\Static load case - Chn trng hp ti trng mun xa. - bm Delete. Khi xa mt trng hp ti trng th ton b cc gi tr ti trng trn nt v phn t ca trng hp s b xa. Ch : Trong khi gn ti trng cho phn t, nt lun ch n trng hp ti trng ang gn. (Load Case Name) Xem ti trng: Menu Display\Show load (Joint, Frame, Shell).
Load Name TUONG SAN GTXDUONG GTXAM GDX1 Type Dead Dead Wind Wind Wind Selfweight 1.1 0 0 0 0 Gii thch

Gi tnh theo phng +X Gi tnh theo phng -X Thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi trong dng dao ng ring th1 (Xem iu 6.1x TCVN 2737-95) GDXI tu theo s dng dao ng ring tm c

GDX2 GDX3 GTYDUONG GTYAM GDY1 GDY2 GDY3 DDX1 DDX2 DDX3 DDY1 DDY2 DDY3

Wind Wind Wind Wind Wind Wind Wind Quake Quake Quake Quake Quake Quake

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ti trng ng t trng dng dao ng ring th 1

IX. T hp ti trng ( Load Combination) Tn t hp: Combo name Kiu t hp cc gi tr: Type: Add=cng tc dng; Enve= Bao ni lc; SRSS: Cn ca tng bnh phng cc trng hp ti trng; ABS: Tr tuyt i ca cc trng hp ti.
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H s t hp: Scale factor, tc l h s t hp ca tng trng hp ti trng trong mt t hp Xem iu 1 tiu chun TCVN 2737-95 THCB1:Ti trng di hn + Mt trng hp ti trng ngn hn THCB2: Ti trng di hn + Nhiu trng hp ti trng ngn hn THDB:Ti trng di hn + Ti trng ngn hn + Ti trng c bit => THDB: Ti trng ngn hn khng k ti trng gi. V d1. Khung phng. Cc trng hp ti : TT; HT; GT; GP. C th c cc t hp sau: TH1=1xTT+1xHT =>gi tr 1 trong SAP gi l Scale Factor; Kiu t hp ny trong SAP=Add TH2=1xTT+0.9HT+0.9GT => Gi tr 1 v 0.9 =Scale factor; Kiu t hp trong Sap=Add TH3=1xTT+0.9HT+0.9GP =>=> Gi tr 1 v 0.9 =Scale factor; Kiu t hp trong SAP=Add. Tm t hp nguy him nht (Max, Min) MaxMin=2xTH1+1xTH2+1xTH3 =>Gi tr 1,2 l Scale Factor; Type=ENVE
TH1 TH2 TH3 MaxMin_Max MaxMin_Min N 100 60 120 200 (max) 60 (min) M 60 -30 150 150 (max) -30 (min)

V d2. Khng gian Gi s c lc F theo phng ngang bt k . Chia F thnh Fx, Fy F= Fx 2 + Fy 2 . T hp THF=1xFx+1xFy. Kiu t hp SRSS. T hp thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi GDXDUONG=1xGDX1+1xGDX2+1xGD3 1=Scale; Type=SRSS v sao?: GDXDUONG= GDX 12 + GDX 2 + GDX 2 (p dng cho ti trng ng t). Tnh theo khung phng GDXAM=-1xGDXDUONG. (Thnh phn ng ca ti trng go phi gn theo phng +X) GXDUONG=1xGTXDUONG+1xGDXDUONG GXAM=1xGTXAM+GDXAM Tng t s c GYDUONG; GYAM; DDX; DDY T hp (Ch dng kiu Add) TH1=TT+HT TH2=TT+0.9HT+0.9GXAM ...
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Tm t hp maxmin (Kiu ENVE) MAXMIN=TH1+TH2+...+THn

Khai bo mt t hp - Menu Define\Load Combination: - Add New combo - Load Combination name=tn t hp - Type: chn Add hoc Env; SRSS - Tille line: dng ch gii - Chn trng hp ti trng t hp . - Chn case name, Scale factor -> bm Add - Modify; Delete sa xo. - Use for (steel, Concrete): Xc nh t hp cho thit k tit din. Xem v thay i cc thng s ca mt t hp - Menu Define\Load Combination: - Chn tn t hp - Bm Show/Modify - Thay i cc thng s Xa mt t hp - Menu Define\Load Combination: - Chn tn t hp - Bm Delete Ch : - C th khai bo t hp ca t hp. - Chn t hp sau khi phn tch, sau khi c kt qu ni lc vn c th t hp c => T hp trong SAP l t hp ni lc (Load Combination) - Add Default : SAP t ng sinh ra cc t hp vi cc h s t hp theo tiu chun ca M.

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Chng 4. Phn tch bi ton v c kt qu

I. Cc la chn trc khi phn tch 1. La chn s bc t do ca nt - Menu Analyze\Set Option - DOF: bc t do ca nt 2. 3. 4. Dynamic: tnh ton dao ng. Phn sau P-Delta: Tnh ton n nh. Phn sau

Generate: la chn kt qu in ra trong file: <tn file s liu>.out (cng th mc file s liu). Khai bo: - Menu Analyze\Set Options... - S dng Fast DOF chn bc t do hoc t chn bc t do - Chn Generate 5. Run: - Chn Memory: - Run v Run Minimum II. c kt qu

1. c kt qu bng ho - S dng ch yu: toolbar - Deformed shape: S bin dng - Reaction v Spring Force - F: Frame: Chn loi ni lc (Axial, Shear, Moment..)

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- S: Shell: ng sut hoc Ni lc (Phn b trn chiu di)

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2. In kt qu tnh ton - S dng file *.out (File in ton b phn t) - Menu File\Print Output Table (Print to file): Thng dng in mt s phn t. Thng in dm ring, ct ring. - La chn phn t, nn dng menu select chn section. - Menu File chn Print output table - Chn Print to file - Chn Selection Only - Chn Spread Format - Chn file name, chn file type *.*, nhp tn file <name>.xls, bm save(open) - Chn cc kiu in kt qu (Displacment, Frame force, Shell Force, Reaction) chn trng hp ti tng ng. - Bm OK M file va Output trong Excel, v dng Excel c kt qu. - Dng cc kiu lc v Sp xp trong Excel c kt qu cho nhanh: Data Filter, Sort - C th in tng loi i tng, ti trng - In file di dng c s d liu (MDB Access): Nn dng - In ho Ch in: Nu in bng Lazer HP chn HPIII hoc HP6L PCL Ct ho vo word: - Chuyn mn hnh sap v mt ca s (Chuyn mu mn hnh) (Menu Option). - Bm phm Print Screen. - M Microsoft Foto editor (Paint) - Menu Edit\Paste as new Image - Select - Menu Image\Crop ->Ok - Menu Image\Invert Color ( oi mau ) - Menu Edit -> Select All hoac vung muon cat - Copy - Word: Edit-> Paste Special-> Picture (tit kim b nh)

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Chng 5. Mt s dng c bit

I. 1. Tnh ton dao ng ring Gn khi lng tp trung: Khi lng tnh ti. Khi lng ring ca phn t trong s tnh khng cn qui i, SAP t qui i v nt. Khai bo khi lng tp trung: Tnh khi lng tp trung ti nt Tnh khi lng tng cng ca tt c cc tnh ti cn li (m=w/g) v d tng w=1800 kG/m3 => m=180 Kg/m3 Tnh s nt chnh (s nt c lin kt vi ct hoc vch, li) Khi lng tp trung ti mi nt ca mt tng=tng khi lng/s nt chnh. Khi gn khi lng ch gn vo cc nt chnh. Chn nt Menu Assign\Joint\Mass: Direction 1,2,3= khi lng tp trung gy ra lc qun tnh theo phng 1,2,3. n v kg. Ok

2.

Khai bo kiu tnh ton v tn s dao ng ring. Khai bo - Menu Analyze\Set options - Chn Dynmic Analyzes -> Set Dynamic ... - Number of Mode (n): S dao ng ring cn tnh - Eigen: - Center: Gi tr tn s dao ng ring cn tm (Shift). Mc nh bng 0 - Radius: Bn knh gi tr dao ng ring. Gi tr gii hn tn s, nu =0 th khng gii hn. Mc nh=0 Tolerance: Gi tr hi t trong cc ln lp ( nguyn) Cch nhp gi tr theo TCVN 2737-95. Bi ton tnh thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi Nhp n= s kh ln (10-15). Center=0 Radius=[f] tn s ti hn trong tiu chun, v d=[f]=1.3 (KCBTCT) Cc trng hp c th xy ra nu radius <>0 th SAP s tm s dao ng ring c f<Radius, nhng nu s dao ng ring >n th ch ly n dao ng ring. Nu Radius=0 th sap tm n tn s dao ng ring b nht. Kt qu tnh Tn s tm c
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II.

Gi tr chuyn v trong cc dng dao ng. Ch c c trong file out. Chn displacment, chn load=modes. Sap2000 s tm n dao ng ring c gi tr tn s dao ng nm trong khong Shift -> Radius Tolerance: Trong mi trng hp dao ng ring th s dng khi tn s dao ng tho mn gi tr Tolerance S tnh cho trc f (tn s) ->0 th kt cu trng thi nguy him , v vy SAP2000 Center=0, Radius=0. - Ritz Vector: - Starting Ritz Vector: Xem kt qu trn mn hnh Bm vo biu tng trn MTB In kt qu: Ch Xem c trong file: *.out Menu Analyze\Set options - Generate Output: chn Displacement -> Chn Modes Bi ton n nh P-Delta: y l bi ton n nh hnh hc. Khng xc nh c gi tr chnh xc lc Pth. M ch xt nh hng ca P-Delta. Lc P-Delta c xt ring. Khng ph thuc vo trng hp ti trng m nh hng ca lc P-Delta ny n s tnh mi c tc dng trong cc trng hp ti trng.

1.

Xc nh lc nh hng P-Delta thep phng php trc tip. Nhp gi tr P-Delta trc tip cho cc phn t (Frame) - Chn Frame - Menu Assign \ Frame\ P-Delta Force. - Nhp gi tr Lc dc trc theo trc thanh hoc l hnh chiu ln h to tng th - OK

2. Xc nh lc nh hng P-Delta thep phng php t hp. - Menu Analyze\Set options - Chn Include P-Delta -> Chn Set P-Delta Parameter - P-Delta Load Combination - Chn trng hp ti trng. - Bm OK 3. Khai bo tham s tinh P-Delta - Menu Analyze\Set options - Chn Include P-Delta -> Chn Set P-Delta Parameter - Iteration Control: Maximum Interation: S ln lp tnh nh hng ca n nh
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- Load, Scale factor: Trng hp ti v h s tng ng tnh ni lc do chuyn v ngang gy ra. - OK nh hung P-Delta mi ch xt cho Frame. P-Delta thng dng trong bi ton: thit k cu kin BTCT (Column), Kt cu thp, Bi ton dy Cable. Khi la chn P-Delta. u tin SAP s thc hin P_Delta u tin sau mi xt n cc ti trng khc. III. Phn t Frame tit din Non-Primastic. Kiu phn t c tit din thay i u theo trc thnh. Khai bo: t nht phi c hai loi tit din tr ln. - Menu Define\Frame Section - Add Non-primastic - Non-primastic Section name - Khai bo tng on section - Chn Start section name: - Chn End section name: - Nhp Length: Chiu di on section - Chn kiu tnh chiu di: Variable( chiu di tng i); Absolute (gi tr chiu di) - Chn kiu thay i EI33 - Chn kiu thay i EI22 - Add, insert, modify, delete S1 - OK V d S1 S1 S2
S2 h1 h2 b b

1/4 S1

1/2

1/4

1/4

S2

3/4

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IV. Phn t Frame tit din General. Phn t m kiu tit din khng c trong cc kiu ca Sap, phi tnh cc c trng hnh hc, I: mmen qun tnh, J= mmen xon. Thng dng trong bi tp c hc kt cu, kt cu m tit din l t hp ca nhiu tit din c bn. Tnh kt cu khng quan tm n chuyn v cng c th dng. Khai bo - Menu Define\Frame Section - Add General - Corss Section (Axial) Area : Din tch tit din (A) - Tosional Constant: M men qun tnh chng xon. (J) - Momen of Inertial About: m men qun tnh quay quanh(3 =trc3) (I33, I22) - Shear Area: Din tch ct (As) - Section Modulus About 3(2) Axis: M men chng un (W=I/ymax; Ch nht W=bh2/6) - Plastic Modulus About 3(2) Axis: M men do (Wp=W/1.3) - Radius of Gyration About3(2) : Bn knh qun tnh (r2=I/A) - OK -> Ra mn hnh khai bo tit din - Material Name - Chn Material - OK

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V.

Phn t Frame c tit din Auto Seclect: Nhm cc tit din c vo mt nhm. Kiu nhm ny gi l Autoselect. Thng dng vi kt cu thp. Tnh cho bi ton Optimazation ti u ho tit din. Khai bo: t nht phi c hai loi tit din: - Menu Define\Frame Section - Add Auto Select - Auto Seclect Section name - Chn cc section khai bo a vo danh sch ca Auto select. - Add, remove - OK

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Ch : SAP2000 ly cng trung bnh ca cc loi tit din trong auto select khi xc nh ni lc. VI. End offset: Tnh frame c k n vng cng ti u thanh.

End offset: gim chiu di tnh ton ca Frame, bng cch tr i vng giao nhau ca cc frame ti nt.. Mc nh SAP2000 khng xt EndOffset. Nu xt n EndOffset. Khi chiu di tnh ton ca thanh c xc nh bng h s Lf Lc=L-(Ioff+Joff) Lf= L-Rigid(Ioff+Joff) L=chiu di ca Frame tnh theo nt. Lc= Chiu di thng thu ca Frame Ioff v Joff: Chiu di vng cng ti u I v J ca Frame Rigid: h s gim vng cng. SAP=0.5 Lf: Chiu di tnh ton ca Frame khi xt n EndOffset Khai bo: - Chn frame: - Menu Assign\ Frame \ End Offset - Define length: Nhp gi tr vng cng ti hai u thanh (End i=Ioff, End J=Joff) - Update Length from Connectivity: SAP t xc nh End I v End J - Rigid zone factor: h s gim vng vng (0.5).

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VII. Prestress. Tnh ton ng sut trc.

1. Khai bo lc cng T n v: - Chn Frame: - Menu Assign\ Frame\Pretress - End I =di=Start, End J=dj=End, Mid=dc=Center - Lc T=Cable Tension - OK 2. Khai bo h s tnh ng sut trc trong cc trng hp ti trng. - Chn Frame - Menu Assign\frame static load\Pretress - Chn trng hp ti trng - Nhp h s ti trng tnh prestress. - OK C th c nhiu lc cng T khc nhau. Ni lc trong mi trng hp ti trng do lc ng sut trc gy =Lc cng Tx H s ti trng tng ng. VIII. Groups=Nhm. Nhm nt v phn t, ri t tn. Mc ch: nhm nt hoc phn t - Select: nhanh chng - Ti trng di ng (Bi ton cu) - Bi ton thit k: - Mc nh c mt nhm tn l: ALL=nhm ton b phn t v nt. Khai bo nhm: - Menu Define\Group: t tn group - Select nt, phn t - Menu Assign\Group... Chn tn Group - Menu Select\Group: Chn tn group: Khi cn chn cc i tng ca mt
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group

IX. Ap lc nt (Joints Pattern):

Ti trng p lc ti nt: n v lc/din tch. Ti trng thay i theo chiu cao (t, nc). C gi tr thay i theo to nt. p dng cho phn t: Shell, Asolid, Solid. 1. Khai bo Mu Joint Pattern - Tn mu pattern: Menu Define\Pattern... - Chn nt - Assign\Joints Pattern. - Chn tn mu Joint Partern - Nhp tham s : A,B,C,D - Chn Option: use all value, zero negative value, zero positive value. - Option: Add, Replace, Delete 2. Gn mu Joints Pattern cho phn t: - chn Shell - Assign\Shell Static ..\ Pressure.. - Chn mu Joints partern - Chn H s p lc Multiler - Chn trng hp ti trng - La chn: Add, Replace, Delete. X. Chuyn to tng th - Mc nh h to tng th: Global ( Cc or Tr) - Menu Option\ Set Coordinate System - Add new - Chn Cartesian ( cc); Cylindrical (tr) - Tr: - S R v khong cch - S mt phng theo tr (Z) v khong cch (along Z) - S gc chia v bc nhy ca gc (Theta) - Addvance: khai bo khong cch, gc xoay dch chuyn h to mi theo h to c. - System name (CSYS*) - OK - Chn h to hin thi: Menu Option\ Set Coordinate System: Chn tn h to hin thi.

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XI.

Constraints: lin kt iu kin bin ca cc nt. V d tnh trong bi ton nh cao tng, khi tnh theo m hnh: Li vch chu ti trng ngang. C nhiu kiu constraints. Trong kiu Local: gn chuyn v tng ng theo cc phng l n gin nht Khi gn Sap cho php gn nhiu nhm constraint Mt nt c th ng thi nm nhiu nhm Constraints. . - Gn cc nt vo mt nhm constraints: - Chn nt - Menu Assign\Joints\Constraints. - Bm Add (Add Local l n gin nht) - t tn cho nhm Constraints - La chn cc iu kin bin ca nhm. Khi cc nt trong nhm s c cng iu kin bin la chn. - OK.

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Chng 6 Bi ton thit k

Bi ton thit k tit din: KCBTCT (Reinforce Concrete); KCT (Steel Structure): Ch tnh cho Frame. I. 1. Thit k KCBTCT

Khai bo Vt liu: Design type=Kiu vt liu Concrete trong menu Define/Material - Design Property data: - Fy(Yeild)=cng chu ko ca thp, tnh theo gii hn chy. V d AII c Ratt=2800 kg/cm2, nhng fy=3000 kg/cm2. - fc= cng chu nn ca b tng. Ly bng gi tr mc b tng. V d bt mc 200 ly fc=200 kg/cm2 (Ec 20/25) - fys cng chu ct ca ct thp: Gii hn chy v d: AI fys=2100 - fcs= cng chu ct ca b tng=fc. 2. Chn kiu phn t Beam, Column - Khai bo tit din: Menu define\Frame Section: (ch chn uc ba loi:CN, Trn, T) .Vt liu kiu CONC - Element Class: Beam, Column - Beam: - Top cover=a' - Bottom cover=a - Column: - Rectangular: - Cover=a - Number bar in dir 3:S lp ct thp tnh theo phng 3 - Number bar in dir 2:S lp ct thp tnh theo phng 2. - Circle: - Cover - Number of bar: s thanh thp. - Chn mt trong hai Design or Area of one bar: - Design: bi ton thit k - Area of one bar: bi ton kim tra 3. Chn t hp thit k. - Menu Define\ Load combination (Use for concrete design, steel design) - Hoc menu Design chn Select Design Combo 4. Chn Kiu thit k: Menu Design chn (Steel or Concrtete) 5. Chn tiu chun thit k: - Menu Option\Preference\Concrete (BS8110-89)
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6.

Thit k tit din: Sau khi chy c ni lc - Menu design: Start design/check structure - Nu bo li (O/S) - In kt qu: menu File\Print Design Table Dm: Tnh dm chu mmen un chnh M33 v Ct chnh (V2). Ct tnh bi ton ko nn lch tm xin. Ct: Bt tk l nhiu bi ton kim tra. Menu Option\Preference \Concrete -> Interaction Diagram Parameter: Curve, Point/Curve: La chn s ng cong v im kim tra trn mi ng cong. Braced: A column is considered unbraced in a given plane if the lateral stability to the stucture as a whole is provided by wall or orther suitable bracing to resist all lateral forces in that plane. Unbraced: A column is considered unbraced in a given plane where lateral stability in that plane is provided by the column. 7. Thay i cc tham s trong qu trnh thit k - Redifine: chn li thng tin thit k - Reset Design Section: Ly li tit din ban u - Update analysis section: Ly cc tit din thay i lm tit din tnh ni lc. Nn s dng P-Delta kim tra iu kin n nh ca ct II. 1. 2. 3. 4. Thit k KC thp Khai bo vt liu: fy: Cng gii hn chy Cch tnh ton ging BT (trnh t tnh ton) Kiu phn t. Column: Phn t ny song song Z Beam : Phn t song song mp XY Ging (Braced): Cn li ( Effective Length Factor (K)): ph thuc vo lin kt (Phn t, gi ta, restraint , phung). SAP t ng tnh K (Lin kt nt, phn t). Mc nh khng xc nh c kiu lin kt ly=1.

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Cac bc e thc hien mot bai toan

1. Chon n v tnh toan. 2. Xay dng dang hnh hoc cua ket cau. 3. Khai bao vat lieu. 4. Khai bao ac trng tiet dien. 5. Gan tiet dien. 6. Khai bao cac trng hp tai trong. 7. Gan tai trong cho tng trng hp tai. 8. Khai bao cac to hp tai trong (neu co). 9. Giai bai toan. 10. Khai thac ket qua.

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