Population Geography

Distribution

of World Population Population Statistics Population Pyramids Demographic Transition Theory Population Control Overpopulation (Malthus and NeoMalthusians

Arithmetic Density the total number of people per a unit of land area. U.S. = 76/mi2; NYC=1,000,000/mi2; Australia = 7/mi2 Physiological Density the total number of people per a unit of arable (farmable) land.

World and Country Population Totals

Distribution and Structure: 3/4 of people live on 5% of earth's surface! Total: 7 billion on planet as of 2011 Current Population Counter
Five most populous regions and countries

REGION

POPULATION COUNTRY

POPULATION

East Asia 1.5 billion South Asia 1.2 billion Europe 750 million SE Asia 500 million East N. Am.120 million

China India U.S. Indonesia Brazil

1.254 billion 986 million 274 million 206 million 168 million

Ecumene
Ecumene, or portion of the earths surface that has permanent human settlement has expanded to cover most of the earths land area.
Expansion of the Ecumene 5000 BC AD 1900

Rates of Natural Increase

Birth Control Programs

One

family/one child policies

Female infanticide Social compensation fees

Sterilization Loss

of status Termination healthcare/food coupons Free birth control Increased literacy

World Death Rates

Infectious

diseases

HIV/AIDS SARS
Degenerative

diseases

Obesity Tobacco use

Epidemiological

transition

Doubling Times
The doubling time is the number of years before a population will be twice as large as it is today. World = 50 U.S. = 34 MDC = 543 LDC = 40 Honduras = 22 Belize = 19 Denmark = 700 Russia = never?

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Amount of children a women will have on average during her child bearing years.
High infant mortality tends to result in higher fertility rates as families seek insurance for the loss of children.

Palestinian Territories 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000 2000-2005

Fertility Rate 7.39 7.00 6.43 6.46 5.99 5.57

U.K. 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000 2000-2005

Total fertility rate 1.72 1.80 1.81 1.78 1.70 1.66

Africa 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

Fertility Rate 6.60 6.45 6.11 5.67 5.26

2000-2005

4.97

Infant Mortality

Adults and Children Living with AIDS, 2004

Demographic Transition Model

www.prb.org/pdf04/transitionsinWorldPop.pdf (check out pg

8)

The demographic transition consists of four stages, which move from high birth and death rates, to declines first in death rates then in birth rates, and finally to a stage of low birth and death rates. Population growth is most rapid in the second stage.

The Demographic Transition

The Demographic Transition

1. Low growth 2. High growth

3. Moderate growth 4. Low growth

Population pyramids
Age distribution Sex ratio

Countries in different stages of demographic transition Demographic transition and world population growth

Demographic Transition Model

Stage one
Crude birth/death rate high Fragile population

Stage two
Lower death rates Infant mortality rate Natural increase high

Stage three
Indicative of richer developed countries Higher standards of living/education

Stage Four
CBR and CDR are at equilibrium or almost = ZPG= Zero Pop. Growth Most Northern and Western Euro countries

Rapid Growth in Cape Verde

Cape Verde, which entered stage 2 of the demographic transition in about 1950, is experiencing rapid population growth. Its population history reflects the impacts of famines and outmigration.

Moderate Growth in Chile

Chile entered stage 2 of the demographic transition in the 1930s, and it entered stage 3 in the 1960s.

Low Growth in Denmark

Denmark has been in stage 4 of the demographic transition since the 1970s, with little population growth since then. Its population pyramid shows increasing numbers of elderly and few children.

Stage One
Pre-industrial CBR and CDR high and fluctuate according to natural events and disasters. Population is a constant and young pop.

Stage Two
Death rates drop improvements in food supply, sanitation, etc. Birth rates do not drop causes an imbalance so there is a large increase in population.

Stage Three
Birth

rates fall

Access to contraception Increase in wages Urbanization Move away from subsistence agriculture. Education of women
Population

to level off

growth begins

Stage Four
Low birth AND low death. Birth rates may drop below replacement levels (Japan and Italy) which may lead to negative population growth. Large group born during stage 2 ages creates a burden on the smaller working population.

Soooo.
A

cycle in a way from 1 to 4

Difference=

in Stage 1 CBR and CDR are high in Stage 4 they are low.
total population of a country is higher in Stage 4 than in Stage 1

Difference=

The Demographic Transition in England

Now Stage 4 Historically

Stage 1 Low growth until 1750 Stage 2 High growth 1750-1880 Stage 3 Moderate growth 1880-early 1970s Stage 4 Early 1970spresent. Long time below the 2.1 Total Fertility Rate needed for replacement.

Problems with the Demographic Transition Model

based on European experience, assumes all countries will progress to complete industrialization many countries reducing growth rate dramatically without increase in wealth on the other hand, some countries stuck in stage 2 or stage 3 it is not an exact science!!!!!!!! (Possible Stage 5????)

Remember Demographic Transition is not only dependent on CBR and CDR but also on in and out migration!!!!

Epidemiologic Transition

Stages 1 and 2
Infectious and parasitic disease. natural checks according to Malthus

Stages 3 and 4
Degenerative and human created disease. Increase in chronic disorders associated with aging (heart attack, etc)

Possible Stage 5
Reemergence of infectious and parasitic disease.

Population Shift

Overpopulation

When consumption of natural resources by people outstrip the ability of a natural region to replace those natural resources.

Thomas Malthus on Population

Malthus predicted:

population would outrun food supply decrease in food per person.

300 250 200 150 100 50 Population Food

Assumptions Populations grow exponentially. Food supply grows arithmetically. Food shortages and chaos inevitable.

0 1 2 3 4

Food 2 4 8 16

Population 2 4 16 256

Population J-Curve

Population and Resource Consumption

http://grist.org/population/2011-10-24population-7-billion-unpacked-a-comic/ (Look at stats on main page and then look at parts of the comic (pg. 2 and 3)

The End