Around 460 B.C., Democritus developed the idea of atoms.

o Democritus thought that it ended at some point, a smallest possible bit of matter. He called these basic matter particles, atoms. In 1897, J.J. Thomson showed that electrons have negative electric charge and come from ordinary matter. o Used a Canal Ray Tube to experimentally determine the charge to mass ratio (e/m) of an electron o Studied "canal rays" and found they were associated with the proton H + . o Plum Pudding model of the atom

Discovered the electron and proposed a model for the structure of the atom. In 1911, Ernest Rutherford performed the Gold Foil Experiment o described the atom as having a central positive nucleus surrounded by negative orbiting electrons. This model suggested that most of the mass of the atom was contained in the small nucleus, and that the rest of the atom was mostly empty space.
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John Dalton-1803 o Developed the atomic theory o John Dalton wrote his first table of atomic weights Cathode Ray Tube-1897 o The first cathode ray tube scanning device was invented by the German scientist Karl Ferdinand Braun o a specialized vacuum tube in which images are produced when an electron beam strikes a phosphorescent surface.

o A cathode ray is a stream of electrons leaving the negative electrode, or cathode, in a discharge tube Antoine Lavoisier- about 1785 o Law of Conservation of Matter atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. o found that mass is conserved in a chemical reaction. The total mass of the products of a chemical reaction is always the same as the total mass of the starting materials consumed in the reaction. Plum Pudding Atomic Model-1904 o the atom is composed of electrons surrounded by a soup of positive charge to balance the electrons' negative charges Bohr Planetary Model- 1913 o Introduced by Niels Bohr o depicts the atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the nucleus Robert Millikan- 1909 o Millikan measured the charge on an electron with his oil-drop apparatus James Chadwick- 1932 o Discovered the neutron