KIRCHOFFCURRENT LAW S

any point in a circuit, the sum of the current flowing towards a point is equal to the sum of the At current flowing away from the point. OR algebraic sum of all the current flowing towards a node is zero. The I = 0 At any junction in a circuit, the sum of the currents arriving at the junction = the sum of the currents leaving the junction.

KIRCHOFFVOLTAGE LAW S
any closed circuit, the sum of voltage rise is equal to the sum of voltage drops. In OR algebraic sum of all the voltages along a closed loop is zero. The V = IR In any loop (path) around a circuit, the sum of the emfs = the sum of the pds.

POTENTIAL DIVIDERS
Electrons use more energy going through larger resistances and less energy going through smaller resistances. This means the larger the resistor, the greater the voltage needed across it for the same current to flow through it. In maths language, the ratio of resistances gives you the ratio of voltages. OR A voltage divider consists of two resistances R1 and R2 connected in series across a supply voltage Vs. The supply voltage is divided up between the two resistances to give an output voltage Vo which is the voltage across R2. This depends on the size of R2 relative to R1: If R2 is much smaller than R1, Vo is small (low, almost 0V) (because most of the voltage is across R1) If R2 is about the same as R1, Vo is about half Vs (because the voltage is shared about equally between R1 and R2) If R2 is much larger than R1, Vo is large (high, almost Vs) (because most of the voltage is across R2)

Voltage Divider

The two resistor voltage divider is used often to supply a voltage different from that of an available battery or power supply. In application the output voltage depends upon the resistance of the load it drives.

Where,

http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/voltage.htm http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/ohmlaw.html