Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ch10 Motion Study
Ch10 Motion Study
Sections: 1. Basic Motion Elements and Work Analysis 2. Principles of Motion Economy and Work Design Motion study
Definitions
Analysis of the basic hand, arm, and body movements of workers as they perform work
Chapter 10
Work design
Design of the methods and motions used to perform a task Design of the work system Includes:
Workplace layout and environment Tooling and equipment used in the task such as workholders, fixtures, power tools, etc.
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
17 Therbligs
1. 2. Transport empty (TE) reach for an object with empty hand today we call it reach Grasp (G) grasp an object by contacting and closing the fingers until control has been achived Transport loaded (TL) move an object with hand and arm today we call it move Hold (H) hold an object with one hand Release load (RL) release control of an object Use (U) manipulate/use a tool
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
17 Therbligs (continued)
7. Pre p - osition (PP) position object for next operation 8. Position (P) position object in defined location 9. Assemble (A) join two parts 10. Disassemble (DA) separate multiple parts that were previously joined 11. Search (Sh) attempt to find an object using eyes or hand
3. 4. 5. 6.
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
17 Therbligs (continued)
12. Select (St) choose among several objects in a group (hand e - ye coordination is involved) 13. Plan (Pn) decide on an action (a short pause or hesitation in the motions) 14. Inspect (I) determine quality of object using the eyes 15. Unavoidable delay (UD) waiting due to factors beyond worker control 16. Avoidable delay (AD) worker waiting 17. Rest (R) resting to overcome fatigue
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Therbligs
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Therbligs
Therbligs
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Therbligs
Therbligs
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Example
Classification of Therbligs
Effective therbligs: Physical Basic Motion Elements: Transport empty Grasp Transport loaded Release load Use Assemble Disassemble Mental Basic Elements: Inspect Delay Elements: Rest Ineffective therbligs: Physical Basic Motion Elements: Hold Pre-position Physical and Mental Basic Motion Elements: Position Search Select Mental Basic Elements: Plan Delay elements: Unavoidable delay Avoidable delay
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Method study at the therblig level seeks to eliminate or reduce ineffective therbligs.
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Micromotion Analysis
The main idea of method study at the therblig level: seeks to eliminate or reduce ineffective therbligs. Each therblig represents time and energy enpended by a worker. If task is repetitive, this will be performed many times. Then, it becomes meaningul to analyze therbligs. Known as micromotion analysis
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Micromotion Analysis
Analysis of therbligs that make up a repetitive task Objectives:
Eliminate ineffective therbligs if possible Avoid holding objects with hand Use workholder Combine therbligs Perform right-hand and left-hand motions simultaneously Simplify overall method Reduce time for a motion, e.g., shorten distance
Checklists:
Checklist1 (discussed in the in class) Checklist2 (given in the book Table 10.3)
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
2.
3.
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
An experiment
A relatively simple task Reaching, selecting, grasping, transporting, releasing small parts. Two types of containers A rectangular bin A bin with a tray The worker performed the work cycle with each container using Only the right hand Only the left hand Both hands performing symmetrical and simultaneous motions.
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
4.
5.
7.
0.72 sec / work unit 0.54 sec / work unit
Use momentum (mass * velocity) to facilitate task Carpenter using a hammer to strike a nail Take advantage of gravity Dont oppose it Method should achieve a natural rhythm of the motions involved
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
8. 9.
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
II
Fingers and wrist motion as used when transferring an instrument to the operator, or manipulating a hand instrument.
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
III
The entire arm and shoulder as when turning around to reach for equipment from adjacent fixed cabinetry.
IV
The entire arm when reaching for supplies away from the work area, or to adjust the operating light.
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Workplace Arrangement
Design of the workplace 1. Locate tools and materials in fixed positions within the work area Locate tools and materials close to where they are used To minimize the distances to be covered Locate tools and materials to be consistent with sequence of work elements Decrease the time required for searching
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
2.
3.
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Workplace Arrangement
Normal and maximum working areas in the workplace
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Workplace Arrangement
4. Use gravity feed bins to deliver small parts and fasteners
Workplace Arrangement
5. Use gravity drop chutes for completed work units where appropriate 6. Provide adequate illumination
Also color, constrast among items, location of the light source are important
Two types of bins used for small parts and fasteners in the workplace: (a) gravity feed bin (b) conventional rectangular bin
7. A proper chair should be provided for the worker Adjustable to the size of the worker Seat height and back adjustments Padded seat and back
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
3.
4.
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell P. Groover, ISBN 0-13-140650-7. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
6.
7.
Hand tools and portable power tools should be designed for operator comfort and convenience
e.g. tools that can accomodate both right-handed and left-handed workers
8.
operations
if