Modelling of Grid-Connected Geared 2MW PMSG Wind Turbine Generator

Modeling of Grid-Connected Direct-
Driven 2MW PMSG Wind Turbine

Generator System

Presented by
YU, DONGYOUNG
CHOI, YOUNGSICK
1
CONTENTS

Modeling of Generator System
Wind Turbine
MPPT
PMSG
FUZZY Controller
FUZZY Observer
SV-PWM

Simulation Results

Modeling of Grid-Side System
Super Capacitor
SV-PWM
PLL
Filter

Simulation Results
2
Total System
Wind Turbine Generation System (with Grid)
PMSG
d
V
g
V
dc
V
grid
I
grid
Wind
Turbine
Torque
Controller
Back-to-Back
Converter Controller
P, Q
Controller
V
w
: Wind speed
T
w
: Mech torque
d
: Design speed
e
: Generator speed
T
e
: Generator torque V
g
: Generator voltage
I
g
: Generator current
V
dc
: DC-link voltage
V
grid
: Grid voltage
I
grid
: Grid current
Grid
DC
AC DC
AC
Torque
Controller
Tower Control
Unit
Pitch
Controller
Y
A-Y Trans.
I
g
Generator Parts Grid-Side Parts
3
T
w_g
T
e
PMSG
T
w_g
T
e
V
g
V
dc
Wind
Turbine
V
W
DC
AC
I
g
I
an
,I
bn
,I
cn
u j
e
3

2

S
1
~ S
6
e
SVPWM
V
qs
V
ds
V

V

I
qs ,
I
ds
u j
e
e
h(
e
)
FUZZY
Observer
FUZZY
Controller
h
1,
h
2
h
1,
h
2
d
L
T

MPPT
P
e
(T
e
*
g
)

dt
d
To Grid

4
V
qs
,

V
ds
I
qs ,
I
ds
e
5
Grid Side
Model Parts
Parameters of Wind Turbine & PMSG
Parameters Unit
Air density [Rho] 1.205 [kg/m
3
]
Radius of wind turbine rotor [R
d
] 38 [m]
Cut-in wind Speed 4 [m/s]
Cut-off wind speed 25 [m/s]
Rated wind speed 11.8 [m/s]
Gear ratio 1
Parameters for Wind Turbine
6
*refer to the Dynamic Modelling, Simulation and Analysis
of an Offshore Variable-Speed Directly-Driven Permanent-
Magnet Wind Energy Conversion and Storage System
(WECSS) - Nicholas P. W. Strachan and Dragan Jovcic,
Parameters of Wind Turbine & PMSG
Parameters Unit
Number of poles [p] 22
Pole pairs [np] 11
Resistance of motor [R
s
] 0.08 [Ohm]
Inductance of Generator
[L
d
=L
q
]
0.334 [mH]
Inertia [J] 2.5e
6
[kg.m2]
Equivalent Viscous Friction
Coefficient [B]
0.001
Magnetic Flux (Electrical)
[Lambdam]
136 [Wb]
Parameters for PMSG
7
Parameters for PMSG
8
Parameters Values Units
Rated Turbine Power 2 [MW]
Rated RPM of Turbine 42 [RPM]
Air Density [] 1.205 [kg/m
3
]
Radius of Wind Turbine Rotor (R
t
) 38 [m]
Cut-in Wind Speed 4 [m/s]
Cut-off Wind Speed 25 [m/s]
Rated Wind Speed (V
w
) 11.8 [m/s]
Gear Ratio (n
g
) 1:1 -
Number of Poles [p] 22 -
Pole Pairs [n
p
] 11 -
Resistance of Generator [R
s
] 0.08 []
Inductance of Generator [L
s
= L
ds
= L
qs
] 0.334 [H]
Equivalent Inertia [J] 2.5e6 [kgm
2
]
Equivalent Viscous Friction Coefficient [B] 0.001 [Nmsec/rad]
Magnetic Flux (Electrical) [
m
] 136 [Vsec/rad]
Rated Source-link Voltage [V
dc
] 9200 [V]
Source-link Capacitance [C
dc
] 3300 [uF]
Grid-Side Converter Output Voltage (V
ac
) 4000 [V]
LC Filter
Inductance [L
f
] 0.55 [mH]
Capacitance [C
f
] 727 [uF]
Cut-Off Frequency [f
c
] 250 [Hz]
Transformer Output Voltage (V
ac
) 22.9 [kV]
Transformer Ratio 5.7 N1:N2
Connection Type -Y
Wind Turbine Model Block
9
Grid Side
Model Parts
Wind Turbine Model Block
10
) , Cp( V R 0.5 P
3
w
2
W
=
Cp is utilization
for Wind Power (0<Cp<1)
w d m
/V R =
C
p
Calulation Model Block
11
C
p
Calulation Model Block

12
In MPPT Tracking Area
(V
w
< 11.8 m/s),
Cp should be always
maximum value,
that is 0.4412.
Pitch Angle Controller
13

14
Wind Speed (m/s)
5 10 15 20 25
2.1MW
1.0
0.5
0
No
generation
No
generation
A
c
t
i
v
e

P
o
w
e
r

(
P
.
U
)

Cut-in
wind speed
Cut-off
wind speed
Rated (Nominal)
wind speed
MPPT
Tracking Area
Constant Power
Area
Cp
0.4412
Pitch
Angle
MPPT Model Block

15
Grid Side
Model Parts
MPPT Model Block
3
opt p
Gen
opt r
K
P
=
MPPT equation
r opt :
Optimum rotor speed [m/s]
P
gen
: measured generated power [W]
K
p

opt
: MPPT gain [W/(m/s}]

For keeping about 2MW stable power
MPPT_late : 10
Kp_opt Gain of each Condition (1)
17
Wind Speed (m/s)
5 10 15 20 25
2.1MW
1.0
0.5
0
No
generation
No
generation
A
c
t
i
v
e

P
o
w
e
r

(
P
.
U
)

Cut-in
wind speed
Cut-off
wind speed
Rated (Nominal)
wind speed
MPPT
Tracking Zone
Constant Power
Zone
*
2.01e
5
Kp_opt
23.99 rad/sec
T
w_g
Kp_opt Gain of each Condition (2)
18
Wind Speed (m/s)
5 10 15 20 25
2.1MW
1.0
0.5
0
No
generation
No
generation
A
c
t
i
v
e

P
o
w
e
r

(
P
.
U
)

Cut-in
wind speed
Cut-off
wind speed
Rated (Nominal)
wind speed
MPPT
Tracking Zone
Constant Power
Zone
*
2.01e
5
1.55e
5
Kp_opt
23.99 rad/sec
T
w_g
Grid Side
Model Parts
PMSM Model Block
19
Quadratic Mode by equation & sign of Torque
20
Torque
Eq.
Generator
Mode
Motor
Mode
PMSM eq. PMSG eq.
SimPowerSystem
PMSG Module
T
mech
T
load
T
e
T
e
T
load
T
e
T
mech
T
e
0
Positive
Torque
Negative
Torque
In Negative Torque Condition,
PMSM equation is operate
By Generator Mode.
T
e
: Electrical Torque

T
load
: Load Torque

T
mech
: Mechanical Torque

PMSM eq. & PMSG eq.
21
PMSM LOAD
e
T
e
T
m
PMSM LOAD
e
T
e
T
m
m m m e
m
T B T
dt
d
=
m e qs m
2
e
T * )(1/J)
2
p
( (B/J) i /J )
2
p
)(
2
3
(
|
.
|
\
|
=
m m m e
m
T B T
dt
d
+ =
m e qs m
2
e
T * )(1/J)
2
p
( (B/J) i /J )
2
p
)(
2
3
( +
|
.
|
\
|
=
: PMSM eq
: PMSG eq
PMSM eq. & PMSG eq.
22
R
s
L
q
V
qs
i
qs
e
q
e
L
d
i
ds
Fig. Equivalent d,q-axis Circuit of PMSM
R
s
L
d
V
ds
i
ds
e
L
q
i
qs
e
d =0
: PMSM eq.
: PMSG eq.
i
qs
i
ds
q ds d e
qs
q qs s qs
e i L
dt
di
L i R V + + + =
qs q e
ds
d ds s ds
i L
dt
di
L i R V + =
q ds q e
qs
q qs s qs
e i L
dt
di
L i R V + =
qs q e
ds
d ds s ds
i L
dt
di
L i R V + =
PMSG Model Block in SimPowerSystem module
23
PMSG Model Block in SimPowerSystem module
24
Elecrtical Model in SimPowerSystem module
25
) i )i L (L i ( )
2
p
( 1.5
ds qs q d qs m
+
Adc2qd Block
)) V 3 (sin ) V (2V (cos
3
1
V
bc bc ab qs
+ + = )) V 3 cos ( ) V (2V (sin
3
1
V
bc bc ab ds
+ + =
Adc2qd Block
)) V 3 (sin ) V (2V (cos
3
1
V
bc bc ab qs
+ + =
)) V (V
3
3
(sin ) V (V
3
1
) V (V
3
2
( cos
cn bn cn bn bn an
+ + =
(
+ + + =
cn bn an
)V
3
2
cos( )V
3
2
cos( V cos
3
2

)) cos V 3 ( ) V (2V (sin
3
1
V
bc bc ab ds
+ + =
) )V
3
2
sin( )V
3
2
sin( V (sin
3
2
) V
3
1
sin cos V sin
3
1
cos V
3
1
sin cos V sin
3
1
cos V (sin
3
2
cn bn an
cn cn bn bn an

+ + + =
+ =
Adc2qd Block
(
+ + + =
cn bn an qs
)V
3
2
cos( )V
3
2
cos( V cos
3
2
V
(
+ + + =
cn bn an ds
)V
3
2
sin( )V
3
2
sin( V sin
3
2
V
(
(
(
(
(
(
+
+
=
(
cn
bn
an
ds
qs
V
V
V
)
3
2
sin( )
3
2
sin( sin
)
3
2
cos( )
3
2
cos( cos
3
2
V
V

qd2abc Block
sin i cos i i
ds qs a
+ = )) i i 3 ( sin ) i 3 i ( 0.5(cos i
ds qs ds qs b
+ =
qd2abc Block
sin i cos i i
ds qs a
+ =
)) i i 3 ( sin ) i 3 i ( 0.5(cos i
ds qs ds qs b
+ =
ds qs
)i
3
2
sin( )i
3
2
cos( + =
b a c
i i i =
ds qs
)i
3
2
sin( )i
3
2
cos( + + + =
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
+ +
=
(
(
(
0s
ds
qs
c
b
a
i
i
i
1 )
3
2
sin( )
3
2
cos(
1 )
3
2
sin( )
3
2
cos(
1 sin cos
i
i
i

qd2abc Block
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
+ +
=
(
(
(
0s
ds
qs
c
b
a
i
i
i
2
1
)
3
2
sin( )
3
2
cos(
2
1
)
3
2
sin( )
3
2
cos(
2
1
sin cos
i
i
i

(
(
(
(
(
(
+
+
=
(
cn
bn
an
ds
qs
V
V
V
)
3
2
sin( )
3
2
sin( sin
)
3
2
cos( )
3
2
cos( cos
3
2
V
V

Coordinate transformation is
same as PMSG simulink
equations Coordinate
transformation o axis
| axis
f
o

q axis
d axis
f
|

u
r
e
r
q axis
b-axis
a
b
a-axis
c
a
c-axis
b
c
o axis
| axis
Mechanical model Block
PMSG Model Block in PMSM eq.

33
PMSM LOAD
m
T
e
T
m
m m m e
m
T B T
dt
d
=
m m qs m m
T * (1/J) (B/J) i /J )
2
p
)(
2
3
(
|
.
|
\
|
=
m m qs m m
T * )(1/J)
2
p
( )(B/J)
2
p
( i /J )
2
p
)(
2
3
( )
2
p
( )
2
p
(
|
.
|
\
|
=
m e qs m
2
e
T * )(1/J)
2
p
( (B/J) i /J )
2
p
)(
2
3
(
|
.
|
\
|
=

Iq, Id Model Block in PMSM eq.

34
iq Model Block in PMSM eq.

35
36
Fig. Equivalent q-axis Circuit of PMSM
q ds d e qs s qs
qs
q
e i L i R V
dt
di
L =
q
e m
q
ds d e
q
qs s
q
qs qs
L L
i L
L
i R
L
V
dt
di

=
q ds d e
qs
q qs s qs
e i L
dt
di
L i R V + + + =
q ds d e
qs
qs qs s qs
e i L
dt
di
L i R V + + + =
R
s
L
q
V
qs e
q
e
L
d
i
ds
i
qs
id Model Block in PMSM eq.

37

38
Fig. Equivalent d-axis Circuit of PMSM
qs q e
ds
d ds s ds
i L
dt
di
L i R V + =
qs q e
ds
d ds s ds
i L
dt
di
L i R V + =
qs q e ds s ds
ds
d
i L i R V
dt
di
L + =
d
qs q e
d
ds s
d
ds ds
L
i L
L
i R
L
V
dt
di

+ =
R
s
L
d
V
ds
e
L
q
i
qs
e
d =0
i
ds
PMSG Model Block
39
qs e
d
q
de
d
ds
d
s
ds
ds e
q
d
qs
q
e
q
m
qs
q
s
qs
L e qs
2
e
i
L
L
V
L
1
i
L
R
i
i
L
L
V
L
1
L
i
L
R
i
T
J
1
)
2
p
(
J
B
i
J
1
)
2
p
(
2
3

+ + =
+ =
=
-
-
-
Dynamic equation of PMSM
PMSG Model Block
40
Dynamic equation of PMSM
qs e 11 ds 8 ds 7
ds
ds e 10 qs 6 e 5 qs 4
qs
L 3 e 2 qs 1
e
i k V k i k i
i k V k k i k i
T k k i k

+ + =
+ =
=
-
-
-
q
d
11
d
q
10
d
8
d
s
7
q
6
q
m
5
q
s
4
3 2 m
2
1
L
L
k ,
L
L
k ,
L
1
k ,
L
R
k
,
L
1
k ,
L
k ,
L
R
k
,
J
1
)
2
p
( k ,
J
B
k ,
J
1
)
2
p
(
2
3
k
= = = =
= = =
= = =

Signal Generator Model Block
46
Grid Side
Model Parts
FUZZY Controller Block
47
FUZZY Controller Block
48
V
de
rate limit : 2e4

FUZZY Controller Block (Nonlinear Controller)
49
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+

=
= = =
+ + =
qs e 11 ds 7
ds e 10 e 5 qs 4
L 3 e 2 qs 1
T
6 2
T
6 1
T
ds qs e
ds 2 qs 1
i k i k
i k k i k
T k k i k
f(x)
] k 0 0 [ g , ] 0 k 0 [ g , ] i i [ x where
V g V g f(x) x

50
L 3 e 2 qs 1 e
ds 2 e 1
T k k i k
i (x) h , (x) h , field Vector
=
= =

) T k k i (k k ) i k k i k ( k V k k
V k k ) T k k i (k k ) i k k i k ( k
) T k k i (k k ) V k i k k i k ( k
k i k
again. ate differenti us Let u, input the to related directly not still is since
L 3 e 2 qs 1 2 ds e 10 e 5 qs 4 1 e qs 6 1
qs 6 1 L 3 e 2 qs 1 2 ds e 10 e 5 qs 4 1
L 3 e 2 qs 1 2 qe 6 ds e 10 e 5 qs 4 1
e 2 qs 1 e
+ =
=
+ =
=


51
{ } | |
1 2 1 1 d 1
d e 1
L 3 e 2 qs 1 2 ds e 10 e 5 qs 4 1 1 e 1
1 1
1
1 1
L 3 e 2 qs 1 2 ds e 10 e 5 qs 4 1 e
6 1
qs
e k e k v
as v input new the choosing and , error tracking a be (t) (t) e Let
) T k k i (k k ) i k k i k ( k f , v where,
) f (v ) E(x u
) T k k i (k k ) i k k i k ( k
k k
1
V

+ + =
=
= =
=
=

52
| |
| |
2 ids _d ds 2
qs e 11 ds 7 2 ds 2 ds 2
2 2
1
2 2
qs e 11 ds 7 ds
8
de
qs e 11 ds 7 ds ds 8
qs e 11 ds 8 ds 7 ds
ds 2
e k i v
) i k i k ( f , i v , V u where,
f v ) E(x u
) i k i k ( i
k
1
V
i k i k i V k
i k V k i k i
, i u
+ =
+ = = =
=
+ =
+ =
+ + =
=

53
) i (i k i v
) ( k ) ( k v
i k i k i h L
k ) i k k i k ( k k
x
i
k h L
T k k i k h L
h) (L L h L , (x) f
x
h
f h h L
Derivate Lie
v h L
v h L
E(x)
u
u
ds_d ds ids ds_d 2
d e 2 d e 1 d 1
qs e 11 ds 7 ds 2 f
d 2 ds e 10 e 5 qs 4 1 d 2
qs
1 d 1
2
f
L 3 d 2 qs 1 d 1 f
1) (i
f f
i
f i
n
1 i
i
f
2 2 f
1 1
2
f 1
2
1
+ =
+ + =
+ = =
=
c
c
= =
= =
=
c
c
= V =
(
+
+
=
(
(
(
(
(
=
(
=

6
6 1
1
6
6 1
k
1
0
0
k k
1
E(x) ,
k 0
0 k k
E(x)
54
(
+
+
=
(

2 2 f
1 1
2
f 1
2
1
v h L
v h L
E(x)
u
u
{ }
{ }
{ }
{ }
(
(
+
+ + + + + +
=
(
= =
(
(
+ +
+ + + + + +
=
(
ds ids qs 11 ds 7 k
1
1 d 2 d 1 d d 2 ds 10 5 qs 4 k
1
ds
qs
ds_d ds_d
ds_d ds ids ds_d qs 11 ds 7 k
1
1 d 2 d 1 d d 2 ds 10 5 qs 4 k
1
ds
qs
i k i k i k
k )) ( k ) ( k (k i k k i k
V
V
0, i 0, i
) i (i k i i k i k
k )) ( k ) ( k (k i k k i k
V
V
6
6
6
6

FUZZY Observer Block
55
FUZZY Observer Block
56
IPARK Block
57
IPARK Block
58
(
=
(
ds
qs
V
V
cos - sin
sin cos
V
V

|
o
IPARK Block
59
(
=
(
ds
qs
V
V
cos - sin
sin cos
V
V

|
o
o axis
| axis
f
o

q axis
d axis
f
|

u
r
e
r
q axis
b-axis
a
b
a-axis
c
a
c-axis
b
c
o axis
| axis
Space-Vector PWM Model Block
60
Tune for Space-Vector PWM
61
Tune for Space-Vector PWM
62
d axis
q axis
V
1
V
2
V
3
V
4
V
5
V
6
(100)

(110)

(010)

(011)

(001)

(101)

(111)

(000)

V
0
V
7

T
1
T
2
1

2

3

4

5

6

) 0 , 3 2 (
) 3 1 , 3 1 (
) 3 1 , 3 1 (
) 0 , 3 2 (
) 3 1 , 3 1 (
) 3 1 , 3 1 (
V * V
max
Z =
)
V
V
( tan V V V
V * V
1 2 2 *
max
|
o
| o

+ =
Z =
Limitation of SVPWM
Voltage is 2/3V
dc.

Space-Vector PWM Model Block
63
Space-Vector PWM
64
1
1
V
T
T
z
2
2
V
T
T
z
* V
1
V
2
V

0

) 60 0 6) to 1 Sector is, (that 6 through 1 n (where, , T T T T
)
3
1 n
cos sin
3
1 n
sin cos (
V
* V T 3
T
) sin
3
n
cos cos
3
n
(sin
V
* V T 3
T
Sector any at duration time Switching
2 1 z 0
dc
Z
2
dc
Z
1
s s = =

=

=

Switching Time of Space-Vector PWM
65
S
a
V
0
S
b
S
c
V
1
V
2
V
7
V
7
V
2
V
1
V
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
1 1 1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0 0
1 1 1
1
1
1
T
0
/2

T
0
/2

T
0
/2

T
0
/2

T
1
T
2
T
2
T
1
T
S
T
S
ON Sequence OFF Sequence
66
V
1
V
2
V
3
V
4
V
5
V
6
(100)

(110)

(010)

(011)

(001)

(101)

(111)

(000)

V
0
V
7
1

2

3

4

5

6

67
Simulation Results
Simulation Result in Variable Speed
68
Simulation Results
Simulation Result in Variable Speed
69
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Time (sec)
W
i
n
d

S
p
e
e
d

[
m
/
s
]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
22.5
23
23.5
24
24.5
Time (sec)
e

&

e
d

(
r
a
d
/
s
e
c
)

e
e
d
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
x 10
5
Time (sec)
T
o
r
q
u
e

(
N
m
)

est T
L
T
L
T
e
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
8000
8500
9000
9500
10000
Time (sec)
V
d
c

(
V
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-450
-400
-350
Time (sec)
i
q
s

(
A
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-100
-50
0
50
100
Time (sec)
i
d
s

(
A
)
Modeling of Grid System
Circuit for Grid Side Part
70
3-
Load
C
v
L
f
C
f
Transformer
-
5.725 : 1
4kV / 22.8kV
i
a
i
b
i
c
Inverter
Controller
i
a_PCC
i
b_PCC
i
c_PCC
i
a_grid
i
b_grid
i
c_grid
e
a
e
b
e
c
V
ab_iv
V
bc_iv
V
ca_iv
V
ab_in
V
bc_in
V
ca_tn
22.9kV
3- Line to Line
Voltage
Islanding
Protector
71
Parameters Values Units
Rated Source-link Voltage [V
dc
] 9200 [V]
Source-link Capacitance [C
dc
] 3300 [uF]
Grid-Side Converter Output Voltage (V
ac
) 4000 [V]
LC Filter
Inductance [L
f
] 0.55 [mH]
Capacitance [C
f
] 727 [uF]
Cut-Off Frequency [f
c
] 250 [Hz]
72
V
dc
equation
C
v
V
dc
i
dc
i
inv
The input DC current of the DC link is calculated
by dividing the reference power to the DC voltage.
( )
}
= dt i i
C
V
inv dc
v
dc
1
P
gen
P
out
73
LC-fillter
uF C then mH L so
e
f
C L
Hz
kHz
f assume
C L
f
f f
off cut
f f
off cut
f f
off cut
750 , 55 . 0 ,
4 . 0
2
1
, 250
20
5
2
1
6
2
= =
~
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
= =
=
t
t
L
f
L
f
L
f
C
f
C
f
C
f
V
ab_inv
V
bc_inv
V
ca_inv
V
ab_in
V
bc_in
V
ca_in
74
LC-fillter Result
0.5 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.6 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.7
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
Time(sec)
V
a
b

I
n
v
e
r
t
e
r

[
V
]
0.5 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.6 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.7
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
Time(sec)
V
a
b

I
n
p
u
t

[
V
]
Modeling of Grid Control System
75
Grid
Y
A-Y Trans.
V
c
I
abc
V
abc
DC
AC
Local
Load
PI
+
-
+
-
PI
+
+
+
+
+
PI
+
-
-L
L
V
c
V
c_Nominal
i
ds
i
qs
I
ds_ref

V
ds
*

V
qs
*

V
ds
Q
measured
Q
ref
PI
+
-
i
qs_ref

V
qs
3

2

i
abc
V
abc
i
dqs
V
dqs
Simulink Model Block Controller Part
76
77
Equvalant-Circuit of d-axis
V
ds_inv
V
ds_in
L
f
L
f
i
qs
+ -
qs f in ds
ds
inv ds
i L V
dt
di
L V e + =
_ _
+
-
+
-
i
ds
From
Inveter

To
Transformer

C
f
78
Equvalant-Circuit of d-axis
V
qs_inv
V
qs_in
L
f
L
f
i
ds
+ - +
-
+
-
i
ds
From
Inveter

To
Transformer

C
f
ds f in qs
qs
inv qs
i L V
dt
di
L V e + + =
_ _
Phase Locked Loop (PLL)
79
Modeling of Grid
1
Sin_Cos
2*pi cos
sin
Theta
>=
1
s
Ramp
Generator
error w
Frequency
Controller
1
3ph
The most common PLL technique applied to three phase grid connected systems is based on an
algorithm implemented in synchronous reference frame (dq). The structure of the dq PLL algorithm
is represented like this:
V
a,b,c
V
d
*
Loop Filter
+
+

1/
s
f
f

dq

abc

V
d

V
q

PLL
controller
VCO
Transformation module
-
+

5. PV system Simulation
Where:
CloseNeed: Need to Close
CloseNeed: Can Close
CloseOK: Close the switch

Algorithm for closed-swithching:

NO YES
abs(
Grid
-
PCC_out
)<
1

CloseCan=OFF
CloseOK=OFF
PCC_out
=
PCC_in

CloseNeed=ON
k=k+1
PCC_out
=
PCC_in
+k*
2

Initialize CloseNeed=OFF, CloseCan=OFF,
CloseOK=OFF,
PCC_out
=0, k=0
CloseCan=ON
abs(
Grid
)<
3

NO
YES
NO
CloseOK=ON;
YES
DPC with SVPWM and PLL
5. PV system Simulation
DPC with SVPWM and PLL
Theta_Grid_in
Theta_PCC_in
6
CloseOK
5
CloseCan
4
CloseNeed
3
Sin_Cos_PCC_out
2
Theta_PCC_in
1
Theta_Grid_in
cos
si n
Sin_Grid
CloseOK
Theta_PCC_out
Theta_PCC_in
Theta_Grid_in
CloseCan
CloseNeed thupham3
3ph
Theta
Sin_Cos
3ph
Theta
Sin_Cos 3
CloseNeed
2
Vabc_3
1
Vabc_Grid
Vabc_Grid
Vabc_3
CloseNeed
Theta_Grid_in
Theta_PCC_in
Sin_Cos_PCC_out
CloseNeed
CloseCan
CloseOK
Swithching Control
CloseNeed
Theta_PCC_in
Theta_Grid_in
CloseOK
CloseCan
Sin_Cos_PCC_out
Vabc_3
Vabc_Grid
CloseNeed
I
qds
DC
AC
From
Generator

82
SVPWM
S
1
~ S
6
Y
A-Y Trans. L-C Filter
V
grid
I
grid
Grid
POWER
Controller
( PI )

V
qs
V
ds
V

V

u j
e
V
dc

grid
u j
e
3

2

I
a
,I
b
,I
c
V
a
,V
b,
V
c
V
qds
PLL
Local
Load
Block Diagram of Normal Mode (Grid Connected)
PQ Load
PQ PCC
PQ Grid
Simulink Model Block Normal Mode (Grid Connected)
83
Simulation Result Normal Mode (Grid Connected) LOAD

84
0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8
-4
-2
0
2
4
x 10
4
Time(sec)
V
a
b
c
_
L
o
a
d

[
V
]

V
a_Load
[V]
V
b_Load
[V]
V
c_Load
[V]
0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8
-100
-50
0
50
100
Time(sec)
i
a
b
c
_
L
o
a
d

[
A
]

i
a_Load
[A]
i
b_Load
[A]
i
c_Load
[A]
0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8
-1
0
1
2
3
4
x 10
6
Time(sec)
P
Q
L
o
a
d

[
W

&

V
a
r
]

P
Load
[W]
Q
Load
[Var]
Simulation Result Normal Mode (Grid Connected) PCC

85
0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8
-4
-2
0
2
4
x 10
4
Time(sec)
V
a
b
c
_
P
C
C

[
V
]

V
a_PCC
[V]
V
b_PCC
[V]
V
c_PCC
[V]
0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8
-200
-100
0
100
200
Time(sec)
i
a
b
c
_
P
C
C

[
A
]

i
a_PCC
[A]
i
b_PCC
[A]
i
c_PCC
[A]
0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8
-1
0
1
2
3
4
x 10
6
Time(sec)
P
Q
P
C
C

[
W

&

V
a
r
]

P
PCC
[W]
Q
PCC
[Var]
Simulation Result Normal Mode (Grid Connected) Grid

86
0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8
-4
-2
0
2
4
x 10
4
Time(sec)
V
a
b
c
_
G
r
i
d

[
V
]

V
a_Grid
[V]
V
b_Grid
[V]
V
c_Grid
[V]
0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8
-200
-100
0
100
200
Time(sec)
i
a
b
c
_
G
r
i
d

[
A
]

i
a_Grid
[A]
i
b_Grid
[A]
i
c_Grid
[A]
0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8
-1
0
1
2
3
4
x 10
6
Time(sec)
P
Q
G
r
i
d

[
W

&

V
a
r
]

P
Grid
[W]
Q
Grid
[Var]
Simulink Result Fault Mode (Stand Alone) PCC

87
0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1
-4
-2
0
2
4
x 10
4
Time(sec)
V
a
b
c
_
L
o
a
d

[
V
]

V
a_Load
[V]
V
b_Load
[V]
V
c_Load
[V]
0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1
-100
-50
0
50
100
Time(sec)
i
a
b
c
_
L
o
a
d

[
A
]

i
a_Load
[A]
i
b_Load
[A]
i
c_Load
[A]
0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1
-1
0
1
2
3
4
x 10
6
Time(sec)
P
Q
L
o
a
d

[
W

&

V
a
r
]

P
Load
[W]
Q
Load
[Var]
Simulation Result Fault Mode (Stand Alone) PCC

88
0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1
-4
-2
0
2
4
x 10
4
Time(sec)
V
a
b
c
_
P
C
C

[
V
]

V
a_PCC
[V]
V
b_PCC
[V]
V
c_PCC
[V]
0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1
-200
-100
0
100
200
Time(sec)
i
a
b
c
_
P
C
C

[
A
]

i
a_PCC
[A]
i
b_PCC
[A]
i
c_PCC
[A]
0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1
-1
0
1
2
3
4
x 10
6
Time(sec)
P
Q
P
C
C

[
W

&

V
a
r
]

P
PCC
[W]
Q
PCC
[Var]
Simulation Result Fault Mode (Stand Alone) Grid

89
0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1
-4
-2
0
2
4
x 10
4
Time(sec)
V
a
b
c
_
G
r
i
d

[
V
]

V
a_Grid
[V]
V
b_Grid
[V]
V
c_Grid
[V]
0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1
-200
-100
0
100
200
Time(sec)
i
a
b
c
_
G
r
i
d

[
A
]

i
a_Grid
[A]
i
b_Grid
[A]
i
c_Grid
[A]
0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1
-1
0
1
2
3
4
x 10
6
Time(sec)
P
Q
G
r
i
d

[
W

&

V
a
r
]

P
Grid
[W]
Q
Grid
[Var]
Simulink Result Reconnecting Mode LOAD

90
1.3 1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7
-4
-2
0
2
4
x 10
4
Time(sec)
V
a
b
c
_
L
o
a
d

[
V
]

V
a_Load
[V]
V
b_Load
[V]
V
c_Load
[V]
1.3 1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7
-100
-50
0
50
100
Time(sec)
i
a
b
c
_
L
o
a
d

[
A
]

i
a_Load
[A]
i
b_Load
[A]
i
c_Load
[A]
1.3 1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7
-1
0
1
2
3
4
x 10
6
Time(sec)
P
Q
L
o
a
d

[
W

&

V
a
r
]

P
Load
[W]
Q
Load
[Var]
Command Reconnecting
Synchronized PLL
Simulation Result Reconnecting Mode PCC

91
1.3 1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7
-4
-2
0
2
4
x 10
4
Time(sec)
V
a
b
c
_
P
C
C

[
V
]

1.3 1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7
-200
-100
0
100
200
Time(sec)
i
a
b
c
_
P
C
C

[
A
]

1.3 1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7
-1
0
1
2
3
4
x 10
6
Time(sec)
P
Q
P
C
C

[
W

&

V
a
r
]

V
a_PCC
[V]
V
b_PCC
[V]
V
c_PCC
[V]
i
a_PCC
[A]
i
b_PCC
[A]
i
c_PCC
[A]
P
PCC
[W]
Q
PCC
[Var]
Synchronized PLL
Simulation Result Reconnecting Mode GRID

92
1.3 1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7
-4
-2
0
2
4
x 10
4
Time(sec)
V
a
b
c
_
G
r
i
d

[
V
]

1.3 1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7
-200
-100
0
100
200
Time(sec)
i
a
b
c
_
G
r
i
d

[
A
]

1.3 1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7
-1
0
1
2
3
4
x 10
6
Time(sec)
P
Q
G
r
i
d

[
W

&

V
a
r
]

P
Grid
[W]
Q
Grid
[Var]
V
a_Grid
[V]
V
b_Grid
[V]
V
c_Grid
[V]
i
a_Grid
[A]
i
b_Grid
[A]
i
c_Grid
[A]
Synchronized PLL
Simulation Result Reconnecting Mode

93
1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6
0
2
4
6
8
Time(sec)
T
h
e
t
a
G
r
i
d

&

T
h
e
t
a
P
C
C

[
r
a
d
]

Theta
PCC
[rad]
Theta
Grid
[rad]
1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Time(sec)
G
r
i
d

C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
e
d

C
o
m
m
a
n
d

Command Connecting
Synchronized PLL

Modelling of Grid-Connected Geared 2MW PMSG Wind Turbine Generator

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Modelling of Grid-Connected Geared 2MW PMSG Wind Turbine Generator

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