S Gio Dc & o To

K THI OLYMPIC TRUYN THNG 30/4

TP. H CH MINH
Trng THPT Chuyn L Hng Phong

LN XI - NM 2005

MN HA HC KHI 10
Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht

Cu 1. Da vo cu to nguyn t, phn t hy gii thch cc cu sau y:

1.1. Nng lng ion ha th nht ca nit ln hn nng lng ion th nht ca oxi.
1.2. Nht si ca HCl thp hn nhit si ca HF v HBr.
1.3. Nhit nng chy ca CaO cao hn nhiu so vi nhit nng chy ca KCl.
1.4. Cacbondioxit d bay hn lu hunh dioxit.
1.5. T 4 nguyn t N to ra 2 phn t N2 thun li hn 1 phn t N4 dng t din. Bit
nng lng lin kt ca N N l 163 kJ / mol v N N l 945 kJ/mol.
Cu 2. Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t A, R, X c electron cui cng ng vi 4 s lng t:
A:

n = 3 = 1 m = +1,

s=+

1
2

R:

n = 2 = 1 m = 0,

s=

1
2

X:

n = 2 = 1 m = +1,

s=

1
2

2.1. Gi tn A, R, X (theo quy c cc gi tr ca m theo t t +... 0 ...-)

2.2. Xc nh trng thi lai ha ca cc nguyn t trung tm v dng hnh hc ca cc phn
t v ion sau: R2X, AR6, H2AX3, AX 24 (H l hidro).
Cu 3. Cn bng cc phng trnh phn ng sau theo phng php thng bng ion electron.
3.1. NaNO 3 + Zn + KOH Na 2 ZnO 2 + K 2 ZnO 2 + NH 3 + H 2 O
3.2. KMnO 4 + H 2 SO 4 + H 2 O 2 O 2 + ...
+

3.3. Fe x O y + H + NO 3 N z O t + ...

Cu 4.
4.1. Ha tan 9 gam axit axetic vo nc c 1,5 lt dung dch X.Tnh pH ca dung
dch X v in ly ca axit axetic.Thm 36,9 gam CH3COONa vo dung dch X
thu c dung dch Y. Tnh pH ca dung dch Y.
4.2. Cho dung dch cha ng thi KI 0,01M v KCl 0,1M, khi dng mt lng dung dch
AgNO3 thch hp tc dng vi dung dch trn.
a. Hy cho bit kt ta no c to thnh trc? V sao?
b. Tnh nng Ag+ trong dung dch AgNO3 cn tch ht ion I- ra khi dung dch
trn. Cho TAgI = 8,3.10-17 ; TAgCl = 1,76.10-10

Cu 5.
5.1. Cho cn bng N2O4 (kh) = 2NO2 (kh)
Trong mt bnh chn khng th tch 0,5 lt c duy tr 45 0C, c 3.10-3 mol N2O4
nguyn cht. Khi cn bng c thit lp, p sut trong bnh l 0,255 atm. Xc nh
phn hy ca N2O4 nhit ny v hng s cn bng KP. Bit bin thin
entanpi ca phn ng phn hu N2O4 l 72,8 KJ/mol. Tnh KP 210C
5.2. Tnh nng lng lin kt trung bnh C H v C C t cc kt qu thc nghim sau:
- Nhit t chy CH4:

-801,7

kJ/mol

- Nhit t chy C2H6

-1412,7

kJ/mol

- Nhit t chy H2:

-241,5

kJ/mol

- Nhit t chy than ch

-393,4

kJ/mol

- Nhit ha hi than ch:

+715,0

kJ/mol

- Nng lng lin kt H - H

+431,5

kJ/mol

Cc kt qu u do 2980K v 1 atm.
Cu 6. Mt hn hp A gm M2CO3, MHCO3, MCl (M l kim loi kim). Cho 43,71 gam A tc
dng ht vi V mL (d) dung dch HCl 10,52% (d=1,05) thu c dung dch B v 17,6 gam
kh C. Chi B lm hai phn bng nhau.
Phn 1: Phn ng va vi 125 mL dung dch KOH 0,8M, c cn dung dch thu c
m (gam) mui khan.
Phn 2: Tc dng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO3 d, thu c 68,88 gam kt ta trng.
6.1. Tnh khi lng nguyn t M.
6.2. Tnh % v khi lng cc cht trong hn hp A.
6.3. Tnh gi tr ca V v m.
Cho K = 39 ; Na = 23 ; Ag = 108 ; N = 14 ; Cl = 35.5 ; Li = 7 ; O = 16 ; C = 12.
Ht

S Gio Dc & o To

K THI OLYMPIC TRUYN THNG 30/4

TP. H CH MINH

Trng PTTH Chuyn L Hng Phong

LN XI - NM 2005

MN HA HC KHI 10
P N
Cu 1.
1. Cu hnh electron.
N: 1s22s22p3
O: 1s22s22p4
N c cu hnh electron bn bo ha bn ca phn lp p nn vic tch 1 electron ra khi
nguyn t N kh hn O. Vy nng lng ion ha ca N ln hn O.
2. Do HF c kh nng to lin kt H gia cc phn t mnh nn nhit si ca HF >
HCl. Do HCl v HBr c cu to tng t nhng MHBr > MHCl nn nhit i si ca HBr
> HCl.
3. rCa 2 + rK +
rO 2 < rCl
S in tch ca Ca2+ v O2- ln hn K+ v Cl- nn nhit nng chy ca CaO > KCl.
4. Phn t CO2 (dng thng) c momen lng cc bng 0.
Phn t SO2 (dng gp khc) c momen lng cc > 0
V vy CO2 d bay hn SO2.
5. Qu trnh 4N
2N2 c H1 = -2. EN N = -1890 KJ
Qu trnh 4N
N4 c H2 = - 6.EN-N = - 978 KJ
D H1 < H2 nn qu trnh to N2 thun li hn.
Cu 2.

A:

3p4 A l S

B:

2p5 A l F

C:

2p4 A l O

Trng thi lai ha ca nguyn t trung tm v dng hnh hc:

F2O, O lai ha sp3, phn t dng gc:
O
F

SF6, S lai ha sp3d, bt din u:

F
F

F
F

H2SO3, S lai ha sp3, dng thp tam gic.

S
OH
OH

SO 24 , S lai ha sp3, t din u.

2-

O
S
O
Cu 3. .

O
O

1.

NaNO 3 + Zn + KOH Na 2 ZnO 2 + NH 3 + K 2 ZnO 2 + H 2 O

NO 3 + 6H 2 O + 8e NH 3 + 9OH 2
Zn + 4OH 2e ZnO 22 + 2H 2 O 8
8Zn + 2 NO 3 + 14OH 8ZnO 22 + 2 NH 3 + 4H 2 O
2 NaNO 3 + 8Zn + 14KOH Na 2 ZnO 2 + 2 NH 3 + 7 K 2 ZnO 2 + 4H 2 O
2.

KMnO 4 + H 2 SO 4 + H 2 O 2 O 2 + ...

H 2 O 2 2e O 2 + 2H +
5

+
2+
MnO 4 + 8H + 5e Mn + 4H 2 O 2
2MnO 4 + 6H + + 5H 2 O 2 2Mn 2+ + 5O 2 + 8H 2 O
2KMnO 4 + 3H 2 SO 4 + 5H 2 O 2 2MnSO 4 + K 2 SO 4 + 5O 2 + 8H 2 O
3.

Fe x O y + H + + NO 3 N z O t + ...

Fe x O y + 2 yH + ( 3x 2 y ) e xFe 3+ + yH 2 O
5z 2 t

+
zNO 3 + 2( 3z t ) H + ( 5z 2 t ) e N z O t + ( 3z t ) H 2 O 3x 2 y

( 5z 2t ) Fe x O y + 2( 9xz 3xt yz ) HNO 3 ( 5z 2t ) xFe( NO 3 ) 3 + ( 3x 2 y ) N z O t +

+ ( 9zx 3xt yz ) H 2 O

Cu 4.
1.

Tnh pH.
a.

Tnh pH ca dung dch X.

n CH 3COOH =

9
0,15
= 015 mol C CH 3COOH =
= 0,1M
60
1,5

CH3COOH =
C0

0,1

[C]

0,1-x

H2O =

H+ + CH3COO-

H+ + OH-

Do K(2) << K(1) nn b qua (2)

(1)

K(1) = 10-4,75

x
(2)

K(2) = 10-14

Khi :

x2
= 10 4,75
0,1 x

K rt b nn x <<0,1 0,1 x 0,1 x = 0,1.10 4,75 = 10 2,875

pH = 2,875
Tm : =

b.

C 10 2,875
=
= 0,0133 = 1,33%
C0
0,1

Tnh pH ca dung dch Y.

C M ( CH 3 COONa ) =

CH3COONa =

36,9
= 0,3M
82.1,5

CH3COO- + Na+

0,3

(1)

0,3
CH3COOH =

CH3COO- + H+

C0

0,1

0,3

[C]

0,1-x

(2)

x + 0,3

x ( x + 0,3)
= 10 4, 75
0,1 x
Do Ka b nn x << 0,1
0,1 x 0,1 ; x + 0,3 0,3
0,3x = 10-5,75 x = 5,93.10-6 pH = 5,227
2.

Tch s tan.
a.

Cho bit kt ta no to thnh trc.

KI
K+ + I0,01

0,01

Ka = 10-4,75

Ag+ + I-
AgI

][ ]

16 , 08
iu kin c kt ta AgI: Ag I > 10
Ag + >

KCl
K+ + Cl0,1

0,1

Ag+ + Cl-
AgCl

][ ]

iu kin c kt ta AgCl: Ag + Cl > 10 9,75

[Ag ] > 1010

9 , 75

( 2)

= 10 8, 75 M

T (1) v (2) suy ra AgI kt ta trc.

Tch I-

b.

kt ta ht I- c ngha l trong dung dch [I-] 10-6 M

+
Ag

16,08
= 10 10 ,08 M
6
10

Ag+ + Cl- =

AgCl

][ ]

khng c kt ta AgCl th Ag + Cl < 10 9,75

+
Ag <

10 9, 75
= 8,75M
0,1

Vy kt ta ha ton AgI m khng kt ta AgCl th:

10-8,75> [Ag+] > 10-10,08
Cu 5.
1.

Xt cn bng:

Pcb =

nRT 3.10 3.0,082.( 273 + 45)

=
= 0,156 atn
V
0,5

10 16,08
= 10 14 ,08 M
2
10

(1)

N2O4 =

2NO2

t=0

3.10-3

t = tb

3.10-3(1-)

6.10-3 3.10-3(1+)

Pcb = P0(1+) =

3.10-3+

Pcb
= 0,63
P0

K P 21
H 1
1
72,8.10 3 1
1

=
=

= 0,073
Ta c: ln

K P 45
R T2 T1
8,314 294 318
2.

Tnh nng lng lin kt trung bnh C - H

Xp cc qu trnh li nh sau:
CH4 + 2O2
CO2 + 2H2O

H1

2H2O
2H2 + O2

-2H3

CO2
C(r) + O2

-H4

C(r)
C (k)

H5

2H2
4H

2H6

CH4
C(k) + 4H

H = H1 - 2H3 - H4 +H5 + 2H6 =1652,7 kJ/mol

4EC-H = 1652,7 kJ/mol EC-H = 413,175 kJ / mol.
Tnh nng lng lin kt trung bnh C - C.
C2H6 + 7/2O2
2CO2 + 3H2O

H2

3H2O
3H2 + 3/2O2

-3H3

2CO2
2C (r) + 2O2
2C r
C k

-2H4
2H5

3H2
6H

3H6

C2H6
2Ck +6H

EC-C + 6EC-H = H = H2 3H3 2H4 + 2H5 +3H6 =2823,1 kJ/mol

EC-C = 2823,1-6.143,175=344,05 kJ/mol.
Cu 6.
Gi x, y, z ln lt l s mol ca M2CO3. MHCO3, MCl.
Ta c: (2M+60)x + (M+61)y+(M+35,5)z=43,71 (1)
Cho A tan trong dd HCl d.
M2CO3 + 2HCl
2MCl + CO2 + H2O
x

2x

2x

MHCO3 + HCl
MCl + CO2 + H2O
y

MCl + HCl
khng phn ng.
Dung dch B c
MCl: (2x + y + z) mol
HCl d.
Kh C l CO2: x + y =

17,6
= 0,4 mol
44

Khi cho B tc dng vi KOH.

S mol ca KOH: (0,125.0,8).2 = 0,2 mol.
HCl + KOH
KCl + H2O
0,2

0,20,2

(2)

B tc dng vi AgNO3 d
MCl + AgNO3
AgCl + MNO3
(2x+y+z)

(2x+y+z)

mol

HCl + AgNO3
AgCl + HNO3
0,2

0,2

mol

Ta c s mol AgCl = (2x + y +z) + 0,2 =

68,88
.2 = 0,96 mol
143,5

2x + y + z = 0,76

(3)

T (2) v (3) ta c: z = 0,36 - x ; y = 0,4 - x

Thay y v z vo phng trnh (1) ta c: 0,76M - 35,5x = 6,53
x =

0,76M 6,53
36,5

(4)

Do 0 < x < 0,36 8,6 < M < 25,8

Vy M l Na.
Thay M = 23 vo cc phng trnh ta c x = 0,3, y = 0,1; z = 0,06
Trong A c:
Na2CO3: 31,8g chim 72,75%
NaHCO3: 8,4 g chim 19,22%
NaCl: 3,51 g chim

8,03%

6c. S mol HCl = 2x + y + 0,2 = 0,9 mol

VddHCl =

36,5.0,9.100
= 297,4 ml
10,52.1,05

Khi lng mui thu c khi co 1/2B tc dng vi HCl.

58,5.0,5.0,76= 22,23 gam

Khi lng KCl: 74,5. 0,1 = 74,5 gam.
m = 29,68 gam
Ht