History of Wind Power

Wind Power Technology Today: Clean, Efficient . . . Forever

Small Wind Systems

! Range from 0.3 to 100 kW ! Installed in on and off-grid applications ! Require 9 mph average wind sites

Large Wind Systems

! Range in size from 100 kW to 2 MW ! Provide wholesale bulk power ! Require 13 mph average wind sites

Technology Overview
- Large Wind Projects
!Projects operating at greater than 35% capacity factors at good wind sites !Over 98-99% availability !Select projects are delivering power ~ 3 cents/kWh (with Production Tax Credit)

Cost of Energy
Levelized Cost of Energy (cents/kWh)

- Large Wind Projects

12 10 8 6 4 2
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Technology Advances and Scale Economies Drive Down Cost

1981 2000
Rated Capacity Rotor Diameter Total Cost ($000) Cost per kW Output, MWh/year

25 kW 10 meters $65 $2,600 45

1,650 kW 71 meters $1,300 $790 5,600

= 120 X the energy at 20 X the cost!

Fastest Growing Energy Source in the World

Annual Rate of Growth 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5

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ar cl e

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Source: Worldwatch Institute 2000

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Global growth by energy source, annual average 1990-1999

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Taking Off Worldwide

15000 Installed Capacity (MW) 10000 5000 0
88 82 85 91 94 19 19 19 19 19 19 97

Rest of World Europe United States

Wind Leaders: 1. Germany 2. United States 3. Spain 4. Denmark 5. India

Total (end of 2000): nearly 17,000 MW

Based on information supplied by International Energy Agency.