TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIN TP.

HCM
KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN
B MN CNG NGH PHN MM
H CHNH QUI
MN: K THUT LP TRNH
GVLT: TS. INH B TIN

HNG DN THC HNH

TUN 08 C XUT FILE

NGUYN SN HONG QUC
NGUYN HONG KHAI
H TUN THANH

TP.HCM, ngy 28 thng 04 nm 2011

htthanh@fit.hcmus.edu.vn

MC LC
1

Ni dung ...................................................................................................................... 3

K thut c ghi file .................................................................................................... 3

2.1

2.1.1

c d liu file ................................................................................................ 3

2.1.2

Ghi d liu xung file ..................................................................................... 6

2.2
3

c xut file n gin ............................................................................................ 3

c xut mng phn s .......................................................................................... 7

Pragma once .............................................................................................................. 11

3.1

Bn cht ca include ............................................................................................ 11

3.2

Pragma once Anh l ai ....................................................................................... 13

Bi tp trn lp .......................................................................................................... 14

Bi tp v nh ............................................................................................................ 15

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1 Ni dung
-

K thut c ghi file.

Pragma once: anh l ai?
Bi tp trn lp
Bi tp v nh

2 K thut c ghi file

2.1 c xut file n gin
- Gi ta c mt file input.txt cha cc thng tin c b tr nh sau:
o Mt s nguyn
o Mt s thc
o Mt chui ko c khong trng
o Mt chui c khong trng

- Vn : lm sao c file ln + lm sao ghi xung file theo nh dng nh vy?

2.1.1 c d liu file

- Nh:

- M file. Lu :
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o y thay v truyn vo tn file, c th truyn vo ng dn tuyt i ca
file.
o Nu ch truyn vo tn file, th file input.txt phi t trong th mc cha
source code.

o Rt d nhm ln gia input.txt.txt v input.txt nu trn my tnh ca mnh

thit lp Hide well-known extensions (n cc phn ui thng dng).

- c d liu: tng t cin

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- y ta thy c dng boDoc.get()

o Nu b (nh du ghi ch) dng ny khi c ln ten = chui rng kt
qu khi ghi file

o Do , cn thm dng code boDoc.get() sau khi c maso

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- Lm xong nh ng file

2.1.2 Ghi d liu xung file

- Nh:

- M file

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- Ghi d liu xung tng t nh cout

- Lm xong nh ng file

2.2 c xut mng phn s

- Gi s ta c file MPS_In.txt cha mng cc phn s c cu trc nh sau:
o S phn t
o Danh sch cc phn s

- Vn : lm sao c c d liu t file ln v ghi c file nh vy

- y, ta b tr project c 5 file:
o Main.cpp: cha hm main
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o PhanSo.h v PhanSo.cpp: khai bo struct + khai bo v nh ngha hm
c ghi phn s
o MangPhanSo.h v MangPhanSo.cpp: khai bo struct + khai bo v nh
ngha hm c ghi mng phn s
- PhanSo.h:

- PhanSo.cpp:

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- MangPhanSo.h:

- MangPhanSo.cpp:

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- Main.cpp:

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- Ghi tip file c t tm hiu (append mode ofstream C++)

3 Pragma once
- Gi s ta c 5 file nh trong phn hng dn trc. By gi, th b 2 cu
#pragma once trong 2 file .h. Trong file Main.cpp c on code sau:

- Ti sao? V sao th ?

3.1 Bn cht ca include

- Bn cht ca include l s thay th. Tc l ch no c include th khi bin dch,
trnh bin dch s ly on code trong file c include thay th cho dng include.
Chng hn. Vi file Main.cpp sau:

- Tng ng vi:
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- Nh vy vi file Main.cpp ban u:

- Tng ng vi:

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- R rng, nhn vo y ta thy PhanSo c khai bo 2 ln bo li l phi

3.2 Pragma once Anh l ai

- Pragma once l cu lnh do Microsoft a ra, ng rng: nu file ny include
ri th ko cn include na trnh li include file PhanSo.h n 2 ln.
- Pragmace once ko nm trong chun ca C/C++, nn mt s trnh bin dch s ko
hiu cu lnh ny.
- N tng ng vi vic:
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- _PHANSO_H_ y c ngha l mt chui duy nht ko c trong mt

project, c 2 file .h m ta define cng 1 chui ny.

4 Bi tp trn lp
- Vit chng trnh:
1. c vo mt danh sch lin kt cc phn s t file DSPhanSo.in
2. Xut danh sch ra mn hnh.
3. Tm ra phn s ln nht. Xut phn s ln nht ra file PhanSoLonNhat.out.
4. Xut danh sch phn s ra file DSPhanSo.out
- Yu cu:
o Chia hm, chia file
o Struct
o Danh sch lin kt
o Dng ifndef (ko dng pragma once

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5 Bi tp v nh
1. D liu:
a. Qui nh cu trc file d liu cho bi tp ln
b. Nhp d liu mu cho cc file
2. Lp trnh:
a. Thc hin cc chc nng c cc file d liu ln
b. Thc hin cc chc nng ghi d liu xung file (khi ngi dng chn chc
nng thot. VD: Qun tr vin chn menu Thoat (thc hin ghi d liu
xung y) Quay v menu hi ng nhp, ng k hay Thoat
3. Np bi:
a. Th mc Data: cc file d liu
b. Th mc Source Code: source code ca yu cu (2) trn.
c. Nn c 2 th mc th 1 file nn duy nht.

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