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(Leech, 2006:72-73) A very large class of words which refer to entities (persons, things, substances, places and abstractions

of various kinds). A noun can be the head of a noun phrase and therefore the chief word in indicating the subject or object of a verb. Nouns are subdivided into the following major categories: common nouns contrast with proper nouns; count nouns contrast with non-count nouns (including mass nouns); concrete nouns contrast with abstract nouns; collective nouns contrast with noncollective nouns. Many words can be recognized as nouns by their suffixes, for example -ion (in action), -er (in reader), -or (in actor), -ness (in business), -ity (in authority), -ment (in department) and -ship (in friendship). Leech, G. 2006. A Glossary of English Grammar. Edinburgh University Press Ltd. Edinburgh. (Eastwood, 2002 :176) Nouns have many different kinds of meanings. Concrete nouns refer to physical things: aircraft, clock, door, whisky. Abstract nouns refer to ideas and qualities: time, result, security. Nouns can also refer to actions and events: theft, landing; and to roles: pilot, spokesman. A noun can also be a name: Berlin. Eastwood, J. 2002. Oxford Guide To English Grammar. Oxford University Press. New York.

Young, D. J. 2003. Introducing English Grammar. Routledge. Taylor & Francis Library. London.

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