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ao Phu Hung

BI 1
Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz, viet phng trnh mat phang (P) cha ng thang (d) :
x y 2 = 0
sao cho giao tuyen cua mat phang (P) va mat cau (S) :

2x

6
=
0

x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2x 2y + 2z 1 = 0 la ng tron co ban knh r = 1.

Cau 2:

Cho lang tru ABC.A'B'C' co cac mat ben eu la hnh vuong canh a. Goi D, F lan
lt la trung iem cac canh BC, C'B'. Tnh khoang cach gia hai ng thang A'B
va B'C'.
GII
Cau 1:
Mat phang (P) cha (d) co dang: m(x y 2) + n(2x z 6) = 0
(P) : (m + 2n)x my nz 2m 6n = 0

Mat cau (S) co tam I(-1; 1; -1), ban knh R = 2.

(P) cat (S) theo mot ng tron giao tiep (C) co ban knh r = 1
d(I; P) = R 2 r 2 = 3

m 2n m + n 2m 6n
(m + 2n)2 + m 2 + n 2

= 3

4m 7n = 3. 2m 2 + 5n 2 + 4m.n

5m 2 + 22m.n + 17n 2 = 0

Cho n = 1 5m 2 + 22m + 17 = 0 m = 1 hay m =

(P1 ) : x + y z 4 = 0
Vay, co 2 mat phang (P):
(P2 ) : 7x 17y + 5z 4 = 0

17
5

Cau 2:

Cach 1:
V cac mat ben cua lang tru la cac hnh vuong
AB = BC = CA = A / B/ = B/ C/ = C/ A / = a
cac tam giac ABC, A/B/C/ la cac tam giac eu.
Ta co: B/ C/ // BC B/ C/ //(A / BC)
/

C/
B/

Dng FH A / D
V BC (A / BC) BC FH H (A / BC)

A/FD vuong co:

A
B

1
1
1
4
1
7
a 21
.
= / 2+
= 2 + 2 = 2 FH =
2
2
7
FH
AF
FD
3a a
3a

Trang 1

d(A B; B C ) = d(B C ; (A BC)) = d(F; (A BC))

BC FD
BC (A / BC)
Ta co:
/
/
/
BC A D (A BC can tai A )

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A/

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Vay, d(A / B; B/ C/ ) = FH =

ao Phu Hung

a 21
7

Cach 2:
V cac mat ben cua lang tru la cac hnh vuong
ABC, A/B/C/ la cac tam giac eu canh a.
Dng he truc Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az
oi mot vuong goc, A(0; 0; 0),
a a 3 a a 3 /
B ;
; 0 , C ;
; 0 , A (0; 0; a),
2 2
2 2

z
a

C/

B/

a a 3 / a a 3
B/ ;
; a, C ;
; a
2 2

2 2

/ /
/ /
/
Ta co: B C // BC, B C // (A BC)

d(B/ C/ ; A / B) = d(B/ C/ ; (A / BC)) = d(B/ ; (A / BC))

uuuur a a 3
uuuur a a 3

A/ B = ;
; a , A/ C = ;
; a
2 2

2 2

uuuur uuuur

a2 3
3
3
r
2
2 r
[A / B; A / C] = 0; a2 ;
= a 0; 1;
= a .n, vi n = 0; 1;

2
r
Phng trnh mp (A/BC) qua A/ vi phap vect n :
3
0(x 0) + 1(y 0) +
(z a) = 0
2
3
a 3
z
(A / BC) : y +
=0
2
2
a 3
3
a 3
a 3
.a
+
2
2 = 2 = a 21 .
d(B/ (A / BC)) = 2
7
3
7
1+
4
2
a 21
.
Vay, d(A / B; B/ C/ ) =
7

BI 2

Cau 1:

Trong khong gian Oxyz cho A(0; 1; 0), B(2; 2; 2), C(-2; 3; 1) va ng thang
x 1 y + 2 z 3
=
=
() :
1
2
2
1. Tm iem M thuoc () e the tch t dien MABC bang 3.
2. Tm iem N thuoc () e the tch tam giac ABN nho nhat.
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ao Phu Hung

Cau 2: (1,0 iem)

Cho hnh chop S.ABC ay ABC la tam giac eu canh a. SA = SB = SC, khoang
cach t S en mat phang (ABC) la h. Tnh h theo a e hai mat phang (SAB) va
(SAC) vuong goc nhau.

GII
Cau 1:

x = 1 + 2t

1. Phng trnh tham so cua (D): y = 2 t

z = 3 + 2t

M ( ) M(1 + 2t; 2 t; 3 + 2t)

uuur
uuur
AB = (2; 1; 2), AC = (2; 2;1)
uuur uuur
r
r
[AB; AC] = (3; 6; 6) = 3(1; 2; 2) = 3.n , vi n = (1; 2; 2)
r
Phng trnh mp (ABC) qua A vi phap vect n : (ABC): x + 2y 2z 2 = 0.
1 uuur uuur
1
9
(3)2 + (6)2 + 62 = .
SABC = [AB; AC] =
2
2
2
ng cao MH cua t dien MABC la khoang t M en (ABC):
1 + 2t + 2(2 t) 2(3 + 2t) 2
4t 11
MH = d(M(ABC)) =
=
3
1+ 4 + 4
1 9 4t + 11
The tch t dien MABC bang 3 V = . .
=3
3 2
3
5
17
4t + 11 = 6 t = hay t = .
4
4
3 3 1
15 9 11
Vay, co 2 iem M can tm la: M ; ; hay M ; ;

2 4 2
2 4 2
2. N ( ) N(1 + 2t; 2 t; 3 + 2t)
1 uuur uuur
1
2
3 2
SABN = [NA; NB] =
32t 2 + 128t + 146 =
(4t + 8)2 + 9
2
2
2
2
3 2
max SABN =
4t + 8 = 0 t = 2.
2
Vay, iem N can tm la N(-3; 0; 1).
Cau 2:
S
Cach 1:
Goi O la tam cua ABC
I
SA = SB = SC
Ta co:
OA = OB = OC (ABC eu)
A
SO la truc cua ng tron (ABC)
C
SO (ABC)
O

Ma : AO BC; SO BC BC (SOA) BC SA

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ao Phu Hung

Dng BI SA , suy ra: SA (IBC) SA IC.

BIC
la goc phang nh dien (B, SA, C).

SOA vuong co: SA 2 = SO2 + OA 2 = h2 +

Goi M la trung iem BC

Ta co: BM (SOA), BI SA

a2 3h 2 + a2
3h2 + a2
=
SA =
3
3
3

IM SA (nh ly 3 ng vuong goc)

MIA : SOA

AM
a 3
3
3ah
= h.
.
=
SA
2
3h2 + a2 2 3h 2 + a2
SAB = SAC (c.c.c) IB = IC IBC can tai I.
1
(SAB) (SAC) IBC vuong can tai I IM = BC
2
3ah
1

= a 3h = 3h2 + a2
2 3h 2 + a2 2

MI = SO.

9h 2 = 3h 2 + a2

Vay, h =

h=

a 6
.
6

a 6
.
6
z
S

Cach 2:
Goi H la tam cua ABC
va M la trung iem cua BC
SA = SB = SC
Ta co:
HA = HB = HC (ABC eu)

Dng he truc toa o Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az

oi mot vuong goc A(0; 0; 0),

A
H
z

a a 3 a a 3 a 3 a 3
B ;
; 0 , C ;
; 0 , H 0;
; 0 , S 0;
; h .
2
2
2
2
2
3

uuur a 3 uur a a 3
uuur a a 3

SA = 0;
; h , SB = ;
; h , SC = ;
; h
3

2 6

2 6

uuur uur
ah 3 ah a2 3
a
a r
[SA; SB] =
; ;
= (3h 3; 3h; a 3) = .n1 ,
2
2
6
6
6

r
vi n1 = (3h 3; 3h; a 3)

uuur uuur
ah 3
ah a2 3
a
a r
[SA; SC] =
; ;
= (3h 3; 3h; a 3) = .n2 ,
2
2
6
6
6

r
vi n 2 = (3h 3; 3h; a 3) .
uuur uur
r
Mat phang (SAB) co cap vect ch phng SA; SB nen co phap vect n1 .

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ao Phu Hung

uuur uuur
r
Mat phang (SAC) co cap vect ch phng SA; SC nen co phap vect n 2 .
r r
(SAB) (SAC) cos(n1; n 2 ) = 0

3h 3.3h 3 3h.3h + a 3(a 3) = 0 27h 2 9h 2 3a2 = 0

18h 2 = 3a2 h =

Vay: h =

a 6
.
6

a 6
.
6

BI 3
Cau 1:

Trong khong gian Oxyz cho ng thang (d) va mat cau (S):
2x 2y z + 1 = 0
(d) :
;
+

=
x
2y
2z
4
0

(S) :x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 4x 6y + m = 0

Tm m e (d) cat (S) tai hai iem M, N sao cho MN = 8.

Cau 2:

Cho t dien OABC co ay la OBC vuong tai O, OB = a, OC = a 3, (a > 0) va

ng cao OA = a 3 . Goi M la trung iem canh BC. Tnh khoang cach gia hai
ng thang AB va OM.

GII
Cau 1:
Mat cau (S): (x 2)2 + (y 3)2 + z 2 = 13 m co tam

I(-2; 3; 0), ban knh R = IN = 13 m , vi m < 13.

Dng IH MN MH = HN = 4

IH = IN2 HN 2 = 13 m 16 = m 3 , vi m < -3.

x = t

Phng trnh tham so cua ng thang (d): y = 1 + t

2

z = 1 + t
r 1 1
(d) co vect ch phng u = 1; ; 1 = (2; 1; 2) va i qua iem A(0; 1; -1)
2 2

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ao Phu Hung

uur
uur r
AI = (2; 2; 1); [AI; u] = (3; 6; 6)

Khoang cach h t I en ng thang (d):

uur r
[AI; u]
32 + 62 + 62
81
h=
=
=
= 3.
r
u
9
22 + 12 + 22

Ta co: IH = h
m 3 = 3

m 3 = 9 m = 12 (thoa ieu kien)

Vay, gia tr can tm: m = -12.

Cau 2:
Cach 1:

Goi N la iem oi xng cua C qua O.

Ta co: OM // BN (tnh chat ng trung bnh)

OM // (ABN)
d(OM; AB) = d(OM; (ABN)) = d(O; (ABN)).

Dng OK BN, OH AK (K BN; H AK)

Ta co: AO (OBC); OK BN AK BN
BN OK; BN AK BN (AOK) BN OH

OH AK; OH BN OH (ABN) d(O; (ABN) = OH

T cac tam giac vuong OAK; ONB co:

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
a 15
=
+
=
+
+
= 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 OH =
2
2
2
2
2
2
5
OH OA OK OA OB ON 3a a 3a 3a

Vay, d(OM; AB) = OH =

a 15
.
5

a 3 A

Cach 2:

Dng he truc Oxyz, vi Ox, Oy, Oz

oi mot vuong goc O(0; 0; 0),
A(0; 0; a 3); B(a; 0; 0), C(0; a 3; 0),
a a 3
a 3 a 3
M ;
; 0 va N 0;
;

2
2
2 2

la trung iem cua AC.

O
B

a 3

M
a

MN la ng trung bnh cua ABC

AB // MN
AB // (OMN) d(AB; OM) = d(AB; (OMN)) = d(B; (OMN)).
uuuur a a 3 uuur a 3 a 3
OM = ;
; 0 , ON = 0;
;

2
2
2
2

uuuur uuur 3a2 a2 3 a2 3 a2 3

r
a2 3 r
[OM; ON] =
;
;
3; 1; 1 =
n , vi n = ( 3; 1; 1)
=
4
4
4
4
4

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ao Phu Hung

r
Phng trnh mp (OMN) qua O vi phap vect n : 3x + y + z = 0

Ta co: d(B; (OMN)) =

Vay, d(AB; OM) =

3.a + 0 + 0
3 +1+1

a 3 a 15
=
5
5

a 15
.
5

BI 4
Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz cho mat phang () : 2x y + z 5 = 0. Viet phng trnh mat
phang (P) qua giao tuyen cua () va mat phang (xOy) va (P) tao vi 3 mat phang
125
toa o mot t dien co the tch bang
.
36
Cau 2:
Cho hnh chop SABC co ay la tam giac ABC vuong can tai A, AB = AC = a
(a > 0), hnh chieu cua S tren ay trung vi trong tam G cua ABC. at SG = x
(x > 0). Xac nh gia tr cua x e goc phang nh dien (B, SA, C) bang 60o.

GII

Cau 1:
Phng trnh mat phang (xOy): z = 0
Phng trnh mat phang (P) thuoc chum xac nh bi () va (xOy) co dang:
m(2x y + z 5) nz = 0 (P) : 2mx my + (m + n)z 5m = 0

Giao iem A, B, C cua (P) va 3 truc Ox, Oy, Oz lan lt co toa o:

5m
5

A ; 0; 0 , B(0; 5; 0), C 0; 0;

m+n
2

The tch t dien OABC bang

125
1
1 5
5m
125
V = .OA.OB.OC = . .5.
=
6
6 2 m+n
36
36
m + n = 3m
m = 1, n = 2
m+n =3m

m + n = 3m
m = 1, n = 4
Vay, co 2 phng trnh mat phang (P):
(P1 ) : 2x y + 3z 5 = 0 (m = 1; n = 2)
(P ) : 2x y 3z 5 = 0 (m = 1; n = 4)
2

Cau 2:
. Cach 1:
Goi M la trung iem cua BC
AM BC (ABC vuong can)

Ta co: SG (ABC) SG BC .

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ao Phu Hung

Suy ra: BC (SAM)

Dng BI SA IM SA va IC SA

BIC
la goc phang nh dien (B; SA; C).

SAB = SAC (c.c.c)

IB = IC IBC can tai I.

1
a 2
a 2
BC =
; AG =
2
2
3
AM
a 2
1
AIM ~ AGS IM = SG.
= x.
=
.
2
2
AS
2
SG + AG

BC = a 2; AM = BM = MC =

IM =

3ax 2
2 9x 2 + 2a2

ax 2
2a2
2 x +
9
2

a 2
3.3ax 2
= 60o BIM

Ta co: BIC
= 30o BM = IM.tg30o
=
2
2 9x 2 + 2a2
9x2 + 2a2 = 3x 3 9x 2 + 2a2 = 27x 2
18x 2 = 2a2

a
9x 2 = a2 x = .
3

a
Vay, x = .
z
3
Cach 2:
x
BC = a 2
Goi M la trung iem BC
a 2
a 2
AM =
; AG =
2
3
F
A
Goi E, F lan lt la hnh chieu cua G
G
tren AB, AC. T giac AEGF la hnh vuong
E
M
a
B
AG = AE 2 AE = AF = .
3
x
Dng he truc toa o Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az
oi mot vuong goc, A(0; 0; 0), B(a; 0; 0),
a a a a
C(0; a; 0), G ; ; 0 , S ; ; x .
3 3 2 2
uuur a a uur 2a a
uuur a 2a

SA = ; ; x , SB = ; ; x , SC = ; ; x
3
3 3
3

3 3

uuur uur

a
a2
a
r
r

[SA; SB] = 0; ax; = a 0; x; = a.n1 , vi n1 = 0; x;

3
3
3

uuur uuur
a
a2
a
r
r

[SA; SC] = (ax; 0; ) = a x; 0; = a.n 2 , vi n 2 = x; 0; .

3
3
3

uuur uur
r
Mat phang (SAB) co cap vect ch phng SA, SB nen co phap vect n1

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ao Phu Hung

uuur uuur
r
Mat phang (SAC) co cap vect ch phng SA, SC nen co phap vect n 2

Goc phang nh dien (B; SA; C) bang 60o.

a a
a2
0.x + x.0 +
3 3
9
cos60o =
=
2
2
2
+ a2
9x
a
a
2
2
0+x +
x +0+
9
9
9
1
a2
a
2
2
2
2
2
= 2

9x
=
a
=
2a

9x
=
a

x
=
.
2 9x + a2
3
a
Vay, x = .
3

BI 5
Cau 1:

Trong khong gian Oxyz, tm tren Ox iem A cach eu ng thang

(d) :

x 1 y z + 2
va mat phang () : 2x y 2z = 0.
= =
1
2
2

Cau 2:

Cho hnh chop SABC co ay ABC la tam giac eu co canh bang 2a 2 , SA vuong
goc vi (ABC) va SA = a. Goi E, F lan lt la trung iem cua canh AB, BC. Tnh
goc va khoang cach gia hai ng thang SE va AF.

GII
Cau 1:
Goi A(a; 0; 0) Ox .

Khoang cach t A en mat phang () : d(A; ) =

2a

22 + 12 + 22
r
() qua M 0 (1; 0; 2) va co vect ch phng u = (1; 2; 2)
uuuuuur r
at M 0 M1 = u

Do o: d(A; ) la ng cao ve t A trong tam giac AM 0 M1

uuuuur r
[AM 0 ; u]
2.SAM0 M1
8a2 24a + 36
d(A; ) =
=
=
r
M 0 M1
u
3

Theo gia thiet: d(A; ) = d(A; )

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2a

ao Phu Hung

8a2 24a + 36
4a2 = 8a2 24a + 36 4a2 24a + 36 = 0
3
3
2
4(a 3) = 0 a = 3.

Vay, co mot iem A(3; 0; 0).

Cau 2:
Cach 1:
Goi M la trung iem cua BF EM // AF
AF) = (EM;
AF) = SEM

(SA;

SAE vuong tai A co:

SE2 = SA 2 + AE = a2 + 2a2 = 3a2 SE = a 3
AF =

2a 2. 3
=a 6
2

C
F

a 6
; BF = a 2
2
SB2 = SA 2 + AB2 = a2 + 8a2 = 9a2 SB = 3a

SF 2 = SA 2 + AF 2 = a2 + 6a2 = 7a2 SF = a 7

Ap dung nh ly ng trung tuyen SM trong SBF co:

1
SB2 + SF 2 = 2.SM 2 + BF 2
2
1
15a2
9a2 + 7a2 = 2SM2 + .2a2 SM 2 =
2
2
Goi la goc nhon tao bi SE va AF
Ap dung nh ly ham Cosin vao SEM co:
3a2 15a2

3a2 +
2
2
2
ES + EM SM
2
2 = 2 = 2.

=
cos = cosSEM =
2.ES.EM
2
2
a 6
2.
.a 3
2
o
= 45 .

EM = BM = MF =

a 2
va AH (SME)
2
V AF // ME d(SE; AF) = d(AF; (SME)) = AH.

Dng AK ME; AH SK. Ta co: AK = MF =

1
1
1
1 2
3
a 3
=
+
= 2 + 2 = 2 AH =
2
2
2
3
AH
SA
AK
a a
a
a 3
.
Vay, d(SE; AF) =
3
z
Cach 2:
a S
Dng he truc Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az
oi mot vuong goc, A(0; 0; 0),

SAK vuong co:

C
A

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ao Phu Hung

B(a 2; a 6; 0), C(a 2; a 6; 0), S(0; 0; a),

a 2 a 6
E
;
; 0 ; F(0; a 6; 0)
2
2

a 2

va M
; a 6; 0 .
2

uur a 2 a 6
uuur a 2
uuur

SE =
;
; a ; AF = (a; a 6; 0), SM =
; a 6; a
2
2

Goi la goc nhon tao bi SE va AF.ta co:

uur uuur
cos = cos(SE; AF) =

a 2
a 6
+ a 6.
0(a)
3a2
2
2
2
=
=
.
2
2
2
a 6.a 3
a 3a
2
2
0 + 6a + 0.
+
+a
2
2
0.

= 45o.
uur uuur
a2 6
a2 3 a2 3
a2 3 r
r
=
=
[SE; SM] =
; 0;
(
2;
0;
1)
n, vi n = ( 2; 0; 1)

2
2
2
2
r
Phng trnh mat phang (SEM) qua S vi phap vect n : 2x + z a = 0.

Khoang cach t A en (SEM): d(A;SEM) =

V AF // EM AF //(SEM) d(SE; AF) = d(A; SEM)

Vay, d(SE; AF) =

0+0a
2 +1

a 2
3

a 3
.
3

6
Cau 1:

Trong khong gian vi he toa o vuong goc Oxyz cho mat phang (P) va mat cau (S):
(P): 2x + 2y + z m 2 3m = 0 ;

(S) : (x 1)2 + (y + 1)2 + (z 1)2 = 9 .

Tm m e (P) tiep xuc (S). Vi m tm c xac nh toa o tiep iem.

Cau :

Cho hnh chop S.ABC co ay ABC la tam giac vuong tai B, AB = a, BC = 2a, canh SA
vuong goc vi ay va SA = 2a. Goi M la trung iem SC. Chng minh MAB can va
tnh dien tch MAB theo a.
LI GII
Cau 1:

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ao Phu Hung

(P) : 2x + 2y + z m 2 3m = 0

(S) : (x 1)2 + (y + 1)2 + (x 1)2 = 9 co tam I(1; -1; 1) va ban knh R = 3.

(P) tiep xuc (S) d[I, (P)] = R

2.1 + 2.(1) + 1.1 m 2 3m

22 + 22 + 12

m 2 + 3m 1 = 9
m = 2
= 3 m + 3m 1 = 9 2

m = 5
m + 3m 1 = 9
2

Vay, (P) tiep xuc (S) khi m = -5 hay m = 2, khi o (P): 2x + 2y + z 10 = 0

ng thang (d) qua I va vuong goc vi (P) co phng trnh:
x 1 y +1 z 1
=
=
2
2
1
x = 3
2x + 2y + z 10 = 0

Toa o tiep iem la nghiem cua he: x 1 y + 1 z 1 y = 1

z = 2
2 = 2 = 1

Vay, toa o tiep iem M(3; 1; 2).

Cau 2:
Cach 1:
Ta co: SA (ABC) SA AC.

Do o SAC vuong tai A co AM la

1
trung tuyen nen MA = SC.
2
SA (ABC)
Ta lai co:
AB BC (ABC vuong tai B)

H
K
B

SB BC (nh ly 3 ng vuong goc)

1
Do o SBC vuong tai B co BM la trung tuyen nen MB = SC.
2
Suy ra: MA = MB MAB can tai M.
Dng MH // SA va HK // BC (H AC; K AB)
1

MH = SA = a

SA (ABC)
MH (ABC)

v:
BC AB
HK AB
HK = 1 BC = a

MHK vuong tai H co: MK 2 = MH 2 + HK 2 = a2 + a2 = 2a2 MK = a 2

1
1
a2 2
Dien tch MAB: SMAB = .MK.AB = .a 2.a =
2
2
2
Cach 2:

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ao Phu Hung

ABC vuong tai B co:

AC2 = AB2 + BC2 = a2 + 4a2 = 5a2
AC = a 5

2a

Dng BH AC (H AC), ta co:

AB2
a2
a
=
=
AC a 5
5
y
C
H
A
1
1
1
5
a 5
=
+
= 2

2
2
2
K
BH
AB BC
4a
a
x
B
2a
BH =
5
5
Dng he truc toa vuong goc Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az oi mot vuong goc va
2a a

A(0; 0; 0), C(0; a 5; 0), S(0; 0; 2a), B

;
; 0
5 5

a 5
; a
Toa o trung iem M cua SC la M 0;

uuuur a 5
3a
; a MA =
Ta co: MA = 0;

2
2
uuur 2a 3a
3a

MB =
;
; a MB = .
2
5 2 5

AH =

suy ra: MA = MB MAB can tai M.

uuuur uuur
uuuur uuur
a2
2a2 2
;
; a [MA; MB] = a2 2
Ta co: [MA; MB] =
5
5

1 uuuur uuur
1
a2 2
.
Dien tch MAB: SMAB = [MA; MB] = .a2 2 =
2
2
2

BI 7
Cau 1:
Cho hnh chop eu S.ABC, ay ABC co canh bang a, mat ben tao vi ay mot goc
bang (0o < < 90o ) . Tnh the tch khoi hnh chop S.ABC va khoang cach t nh

A en mat phang (SBC).

Cau 2:
. Trong khong gian oxyz cho hai ng thang:
x = 2 t
x + y 3 = 0

(d2) :
(d1) : y = t ;
4x + 4y + 3z 12 = 0
z = 4

Chng minh (d1) va (d2) cheo nhau. Viet phng trnh mat cau (S) co ng knh
la oan vuong goc chung cua (d1) va (d2).
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GII
Cau 1:

Cach 1:
Goi H la trung iem cua BC.
Do S.ABC eu va ABC eu nen
chan ng cao nh S trung vi
giao iem ba ng cao la trc tam O
cua ABC va co SBC can tai S.

suy ra: BC SH, BC AH, nen SHA

= .

H
B

1
a 3
Ta co: OH = AH =
.
3
6
SHO vuong goc: SO = HO.tg =

a 3
HO
a 3
tg va SH =
=
6
cos 6.cos

1
1 a 3
a2 3 a3tg
tg.
=
The tch hnh chop S.ABC: V = .SO.SABC = .
3
3 6
4
24

1
a2 3
Dien tch SBC: SSBC = .SH.BC =
2
12.cos

Goi h la khoang cach t A en (SBC), ta co:

1
3.V
a3tg a2 3
a 3
V = .h.SSBC h =
= 3.
:
=
sin
3
SSBC
24 12 cos
2

Cach 2:
V S.ABC la hnh chop eu
nen chan ng cao nh S trung
vi tam O ng tron (ABC).
Goi M la trung iem cua BC. Ta co:

2
a 3
a 3
AM =
va OM =
3
3
6

AM BC, SM BC SMA
=

AO =

C
A
O

SOM vuong co:

B
a 3
x
SO = OM.tg =
tg
6
Dng he truc toa o Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az oi mot vuong goc, A(0; 0; 0),
a a 3 a a 3 a 3 a 3 a 3 a 3
B ;
; 0 ,C ;
; 0 ,M 0;
; 0 , O 0;
; 0 , S 0;
;
tg
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
6

1
a3tg
The tch hnh chop: V = .SO.SABC =
3
24

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ao Phu Hung

uur a a 3 a 3
uuur
;
tg , BC = (a; 0; 0)
Ta co: BS = ;
6
6
2

uur uuur

a2 3
a2 3 r
[BS; BC] = 0;
tg;
=n
6
6

r
Phng trnh mat phang (SBC) qua B vi vect phap tuyen n :

a a2 3
a 3 a2 3

O x
tg y
(z 0) = 0

2
6
2
6

a 3
tg = 0.
2
Khoang cach d t A en (SBC):
(SBC) : tgy + z

tg.O + O
d=

a 3
tg
2

tg2 + 1

a 3
tg a 3
2
=
=
sin .
1
2
cos

Cau 2:

r
(d1) i qua iem A(0; 0; 4) va co vect ch phng u1 = (2; 1; 0)
r
(d2) i qua iem B(3; 0; 0) va co vect ch phng u2 = (3; 3; 0)
uuur
AB = (3; 0; 4)
uuur r r
uuur r r
AB.[u1; u2 ] = 36 0 AB, u1 , u2 khong ong phang.

Vay, (d1) va (d2) cheo nhau.

x = 3 + t /

(d2) co phng trnh tham so: y = t /

z = 0

Goi MN la ng vuong goc chung cua (d1) va (d2)

M (d1 ) M(2t; t; 4) , N (d 2 ) N(3 + t / ; t / ; 0)
uuuur
MN = (3 + t / 2t; t / t; 4)
uuuur r
/
/
MN u1
t / = 1
M(2; 1; 4)
2(3 + t 2) (t + t) = 0

Ta co: uuuur r

/
/
N(2; 1; 0)
3 + t 2t + (t + t) = 0
MN u2
t = 1

1
Toa o trung iem I cua MN: I(2; 1; 2), ban knh R = MN = 2.
2
2
2
Vay, phng trnh mat cau (S): (x 2) + (y 1) + (z 2)2 = 4.

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ao Phu Hung

BI 8
Cau 1:

Trong khong gian Oxyz co 2 mat phang (P): 3x + 12y 3z 5 = 0,

(Q): 3x 4y + 9z + 7 = 0 va 2 ng thang:
(d1):

x+ 5 y 3 z +1
;
=
=
2
3
4

(d 2 ) :

x 3 y +1 z 2
=
=
3
4
2

Viet phng trnh ng thang () song song vi hai mat phang (P) va (Q),
va cat hai ng thang (d1) va (d2).
Cau 2:

Cho hnh lap phng ABCD . A'B'C'D' canh a. M, N lan lt la trung iem cua AB
va C'D'. Tnh khoang cach t B' en (A'MCN).

GII
Cau 1:

r
r/
r/
(P) co phap vect n P = (3; 12; 3) = 3(1; 4; 1) = 3n P , vi n P = (1; 4; 1)
r
(Q) co phap vect n Q = (3; 4; 9)
r
(d1) co vect ch phng u1 = (2; 4; 3)
r
np
r
P
(d2) co vect ch phng u2 = (2; 3; 4)

( / ) = (P) (Q)
/
/
(P )//(P), (Q )//(Q)
Goi:
/
/
(d1 ) (P ), (d 2 ) (Q )
r r /
u = u

r
nq Q

r
u

Q/

r
u1

A
/

d1

r
u2

Bd
2

Suy ra () la giao tuyen cua hai mat phang (P )

va (Q/), va () // (/).
r r/ r
r/
() co vect ch phng u = [n P ; nQ ] = (32; 12; 16) = 4(8; 3; 4) = 4u ,
r/
vi u = (8; 3; 4).
r
r/
mp (P/) co cap vect ch phng u1 va u nen co phap vect:
r
r r/
n P / = [u1; u ] = (25; 32; 26)
r
Phng trnh mp (P/) cha (d1) i qua iem A(-5; 3; -1) (d1 ) vi n P / la:
25(x + 5) + 32(y 3) + 26(z + 1) = 0
(P ) : 25x + 32y + 26z + 55 = 0
r
r/
mp (Q/) co cap vect ch phng u2 va u nen co phap vect:
r
r r/
n Q/ = [u2 ; u ] = (0; 24; 18)
/

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r
Phng trnh mp (Q/) cha (d2) i qua iem B(3; -1; 2) (d 2 ) vi n Q/ la:
0(x 3) + 24(y + 1) 18(z 2) = 0
/
(Q ) : 4y 3x + 10 = 0

Ta co: () = (P / ) (Q / ).

25x + 32y + 26z + 55 = 0

Vay, phng trnh ng thang () :
4y 3z + 10 = 0

Cau 2:
Cach 1:

Bon tam giac vuong AA / M, BCM, CC/ N, A / D/ N bang nhau (c.g.c)

/

A M = MC = CN = NA

A / MCN la hnh thoi.

D/

A/

B/

Hai hnh chop B/A/MCN va B/.A/NC co chung

ng cao ve t nh B/ va SA / MCN = 2.SA/ NC

nen: VB/ .A / MCN = 2.VB/ .A / NC.

1
1 1
a3
a3
VB/ .A / MCN = .
Ma: VB/ .ANC = VC.A/ B/ N = .CC/ .SA / B/ N = .a. .a.a =
3
3 2
6
3
1
Ta co: SA / MCN = .A / C.MN, vi A / C = a 3; MN = BC/ = a 2
2
SA / MCN =

a2 6
.
2

1
Goi H la hnh chieu cua B/ tren (A/MCN), ta co: VB/ .A / MCN = .B/ H.SA/ MCN
3
3.VB/ .A / MCN
a3 a 2 6 a 6
/
BH=
= 3. :
=
.
SA/ MCN
3
2
3

Cach 2:

C/

Chon he truc Dxyz, vi Dx, Dy, Dz

oi mot vuong goc,
A(a; 0; 0), B(a; a; 0), C(0; a; 0),
D(0; 0; 0), A/(a; 0; a),
B/(a; a; a), C/(0; a; a), D/(0; 0; a),
a a
M a; ; 0 , N 0; ; a
2 2
uuuur
uuuur
Ta co: A / C = (a; a; a), MN = (a; 0; a)
uuuur uuuur
[A / C; MN] = (a2 ; 2a2 ; a2 ) = a2 (1; 2; 1)
r
r
= a2 .n vi n = (1; 2; 1).

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z
/
a D

C/

A/

C
a y

D
A
x

C
B

Trng THPT Trng Vng

r
Phng trnh mp (A/MCN) qua C(0; a; 0) vi phap vect n :
1(x 0) + 2(y a) + 1(z 0) = 0

ao Phu Hung

(A / MCN) : x + 2y + z 2a = 0.

Khoang cach d t B/(a; a; a) en mp(A/MCN):

d=

a + 2a + a 2a
1+ 4 +1

2a a 6
=
.
3
6

9
Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz cho 2 ng thang:
x = t
x = t '

va (d2) : y = 3t ' 6
(d1) : y = 4 + t ;
z = 6 + 2 t
z = t ' 1

Goi K la hnh chieu vuong goc cua iem I(1; -1; 1) tren (d2). Tm phng trnh
tham so cua ng thang qua K vuong goc vi (d1) va cat (d1).
Cau 2:

1. Tnh the tch cua hnh chop S.ABC, biet ay ABC la mot tam giac eu canh a,
mat ben (SAB) vuong goc vi ay, hai mat ben con lai cung tao vi ay goc .

GII
Cau 1:

r
(d1) co vect ch phng u1 = (1; 1; 2)
r
(d2) co vect ch phng u2 = (1; 3; 1)

uur
K (d 2 ) K(t / ; 3t / 6; t / 1) IK = (t / 1; 3t / 5; t / 2)
uur r
18
18 12 7
K ; ;
IK u2 t / 1 + 9t / 15 + t / 2 = 0 t / =
11
11 11 11
Gia s () cat (d1) tai H(t; 4 + t; 6 + 2t), (H (d1 ))
uuur 18
56
59

t;
2t
HK = t;
11
11
11

uuur r
18
56
118
26
HK u1
t
t
4t = 0 t =
11
11
11
11
uuur
30
7 1
HK = 4; ; = (44; 30; 7).
11 11 11

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ao Phu Hung

18

x = 11 + 44

12

Vay, phng trnh tham so cua ng thang (): y = 30 .

11

=
z
11 7

Cau 2:
Cach 1:
Dng SH AB
Ta co:
(SAB) (ABC), (SAB) (ABC) = AB, SH (SAB)

SH (ABC) va SH la ng cao cua hnh chop.

Dng HN BC, HP AC

SN BC, SP AC SPH
= SNH
=

B
H

SHN = SHP HN = HP.

AHP vuong co: HP = HA.sin 60o =

a 3
.
4

C
P

a 3
tg
4
1
1 a 3
a 2 3 a3
The tch hnh chop S.ABC : V = .SH.SABC = .
= tg
.tg.
3
3 4
4
16
Cach 2:
Dng SH AB
Ta co: (SAB) (ABC), (SAB) (ABC) = B, SH (SAB) SH (ABC)

SHP vuong co: SH = HP.tg =

V (SAC) va (SBC) cung tao vi (ABC) mot goc va ABC eu, nen suy ra
H la trung iem AB.
Dng he truc toa o Hxyz, vi Hx, Hy, Hz
z
oi mot vuong goc, H(0; 0; 0),
h S
a
a

A ; 0; 0 ; B ; 0; 0 ,
2
2

a 3
C 0;
; 0 , S(0; 0; h), (h > 0).
2

Phng trnh mp (ABC):

r
z = 0, vi phap vect n1 = (0; 0;1)

Phng trnh mp (SAC):

x
y
z
+
+ =1
a a 3 h

B
H
A
x

a
2

r
(SAC) : 2h 3x + 2hy + a 3z ah 3 = 0 vi n 2 = (2h 3; 2h; a 3)

(SAC) tao vi (ABC) mot goc :

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C
a 3
2

Trng THPT Trng Vng

cos =

ao Phu Hung

0+0+a 3
2

a 3

0 + 0 + 1. 12h + 4h + 3a
16h 2 + 3a2
1
16h 2 + 3a2
2

= 1 + tg =
cos2
3a2
3a2 tg2
a 3
h2 =
h=
tg
16
4
1
1 a 3
a 2 3 a3
The tch hnh chop S.ABC: V = .h.SABC = .
= tg .
tg.
3
3 4
4
16

10
Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz cho 2 ng thang:
x 3 y 1 z 1
x7 y3 z9
(1) :
; ( 2 ):
=
=
=
=
2
3
1
2
7
1
1. Lap phng trnh chnh tac cua ng thang (3) oi xng vi (2) qua (1).
2. Xet mat phang () : x + y + z + 3 = 0. Viet phng trnh hnh chieu cua (2) theo
phng (1) len mat phang ().
uuuur uuuur
3. Tm iem M tren mat phang () e MM1 + MM2 at gia tr nho nhat biet M1(3; 1;

1) va M2(7; 3; 9).
Cau 2:
Cho lang tru ng ABC.A'B'C' co ay ABC la tam giac can vi AB = AC = a, goc

BAC
= 120o , canh ben BB' = a. Goi I la trung iem CC'. Chng minh AB'I vuong
tai A va tnh cosin cua goc gia hai mat phang (ABC) va (AB'I).

GII
Cau 1:

1.

x = 3 7t1
r

(1 ) : y = 1 + 2t1 co vect ch phng u1 = (7; 2; 3)

z = 1 + 3t
1

x = 7 + 7t 2
qua A (7; 3; 9), B(8; 5; 8) va

r
( 2 ) : y = 3 + 2t 2
co
vect
ch
phng
u
2 = (1; 2; 1)
z = 9 t
2

Goi H la hnh chieu cua A tren (1)

H (1 ) H(3 7t1; 1 + 2t1; 1 + 3t1 )
uuur
AH = (4 7t1; 2 + 2t1; 8 + 3t1 )

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B
A

r
u1

A/
B/

Trng THPT Trng Vng

uuur r
AH u1 7(4 7t1 ) + 2(2 + 2t1 ) + 3(8 + 3t1 ) = 0
t1 = 0 H(3; 1; 1)

ao Phu Hung

Goi A/ la iem oi xng cua A qua H A/(-1; -1; -7)

Goi K la hnh chieu cua B tren (1) va B/ la iem oi xng cua B qua K.
Tng t nh tren ta tm c:
105 204
114 25 22
/ 20
K
; ;
;
B ;

31
31
31 31 31
31
uuuuur 11 74 13 1
1 r
r
A / B/ = ; ; = (11; 74; 13) = .a , vi a = (11; 74; 13)
31
31 31 31 31
Phng trnh ng thang (3) oi xng vi (2) qua (1) chnh la phng trnh
r
ng thang A / B/ qua A/ vi vect ch phng a .
x +1 y +1 z + 7
Vay, phng trnh chnh tac (3):
.
=
=
11
13
74
2. Mat phang () cha (2) va () // (1)
r
r
() co cap vect ch phng u1 = (7; 2; 3), u2 = (1, 2, 1)
r r
r
r
[u1; u2 ] = (8; 4; 16) = 4(2; 1; 4) = 4n , vi n = (2; 1; 4)
r
Phng trnh mp () qua A(7; 3; 9) ( 2 ) vi phap tuyen n :
() : 2x + y + 4z 53 = 0

Ta co: () () = ( 2/ ) la hnh chieu cua (2) len () theo phng (1).

x + y + z + 3 = 0
Vay, phng trnh hnh chieu ( 2/ ) :
2x + y + 4z 53 = 0
3. Goi I la trung iem M1M 2 I(5; 2; 5)
uuuur uuuur
uuur
Ta co: MM1 + MM 2 = 2MI
uuuur uuuur
uuur
MM1 + MM 2 nho nhat 2MI nho nhat

M la hnh chieu cua I tren ()

Phng trnh ng thang () qua I

va vuong goc vi () la:

x = 5 + t

y = 2 + t
z = 5 + t

Goi M la giao iem cua () va ()

M ( ) M(5 + t; 2 + t; 5 + t)
M ( ) 5 + t + 2 + t + 5 + t + 3 = 0 t = 5 M(0; 3; 0)

Vay, iem M can tm: M(0; -3; 0).

Cau 2:
Cach 1:
Goi H la trung iem BC AH BC.

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()
M2

r
u

M1

M0

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ao Phu Hung

ABH la na tam giac eu canh AB = a AH =

a 3
BC = a 3
2
IB/ C/ vuong co:
a2
13a2
IB/ 2 = IC/ 2 + B/ C/ 2 = + 3a2 =
4
4

a
va
2

BH =

B/

C/
A/

a2
5a2
AIC vuong co: AI = IC + AC = + a2 =
4
4
2

5a2
13a2
2
+ 2a =
= IB/ 2
Ta co: AI + AB =
4
4
(AB/ la ng cheo cua hnh vuong AA/B/B canh a)
Vay, AB/I vuong tai A.
2

/2

30o

1
1 a 5
a2 10
/
= .AI.AB = .
.a 2 =
2
2 2
4

Ta co: SAB/ I

1
1 a
a2 3
SABC = .AH.BC = . .a 3 =
2
2 2
4
Goi la goc gia hai mat phang (ABC) va (AB/I), theo cong thc chieu, ta co:
SABC a2 3 a2 10
30
cos =
:
=
=
SAB/ I
4
4
10

Cach 2:
Goi H la trung iem BC AH BC
ABH la na tam giac eu canh AB = a
a
a 3
BC = a 3
va BH =
2
2
Dng he truc Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az
oi mot vuong goc, A(0; 0; 0),
AH =

C/

z
a

A/
B/

C
A

60o

z
a 3 a
a 3 a /
B
B
; ; 0 , C
; ; 0 , A (0; 0; a),
2 2
2 2
a 3 a / a 3 a a 3 a a
B/
; ; a, C
; ; a, I
; ;
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
uuur / a 3 a uur a 3 a a
AB =
; ; a , AI =
; ;
2 2
2 2 2
uuur / uur a 3 a 3 a a
a
3a2 a2 2a2
.
Ta co: AB .AI =
+ +
=0
+ . + a. =
2 2 2 2
2
4
4
4
uuur / uur
AB AI.
Vay, AB/I vuong tai A.
r
Phng trnh mp(ABC): z = 0 co phap vect n1 = (0; 0; 1)

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ao Phu Hung

uuur / uur
mp (AB/I) co cap vect ch phng AB , AI , nen co phap vect:
uuur / uur
a2
3a2 3 2a2 3
a2
a2 r
[AB ; AI] = ;
;
=

(1;
3
3;

2
3)
=

.n 2

4
4
4
4
4

r
vi n 2 = (1; 3 3; 2 3) .

Goi la goc gia (ABC) va (AB/I), ta co:

0+02 3
2 3
30
cos =
=
=
.
10
0 + 0 + 1. 1 + 27 + 12
40

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