PRODUCT DESIGN AND

DEVELOPMENT
Karl T. Ulrich
Massachusetts Institute 01 Technology

Steven D. Eppinger
Massachusetts Institute 01 Technology

MeGraw-HiII, Ine.
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PRODUcr DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

Copyright 1995 by McGraw-HilI. Ine. AlI rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976 , no part of this publication ma y be reproduced or d istributed in an y form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval systern, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

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ISBN Q-07-{)65811-{)
This book was set in Baskeroille by Better Graphics, Inc. The editors uere Bonnie K Binkert, J ohn j. Corrigan, and Sheila H . Gillams; the produ ction supennsor was Ri chard A . Ausbum. The couer was designed by Nadine Flowers and Julie Townsend o/Barre Design, Ine. The photo editor was Anne Manning. R. R. Donnellej & Sons Campany was printer and binder.

M icroTAC and DynaTAC are trademarks o/Motorola, Ine. RollerlJlade and Brauoblade are trademarks o/RollerlJlade, Ine. Sinterstation , SLS, and DTM are trademarks o/DTM Corporation.

Library o/Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Ulrich , Karl T . Product de sign ami d evelopment / Karl T . Ulrich , Steven D. Eppin ger. p. cm. Ineludes bibliographical references and indexo ISBN 0-07-065811-{) 1. Industrial managernent, 2. Production management. 3. Industrial engineering. 4. New products-Management. I. Eppinger, Steven D . 11. T itle. HD31.U47 1995 658 .5'752.-!c20 94-20358

PRODUCT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

KARL T. U LRIC H a n d STEVEN D. EPPINGER a re both asso eiate professo rs at the Massachuset ts Institute o f T eehnology Slo an Seho ol of Ma nagement where they are m cmbers o f the Operations Ma nagemcnt Group. The y b oth hold S.B., S.M ., and Se.D . degrees in Meehanieal Engin eering fro m MIT, and they tcach a nd eon d ue t resea reh in th e fiel d of m anufaeturing , with a foe us o n pro duet design a n d development. Profes sor Ul rich has p articipated as a m ember o f d evel opment teams for dozens of p roduet s ra n ging fr om sn ac k fo o ds to su rg ieal in strumcnts. Mo st of this exp e rie nee has been with Product Ge n e sis Ine., a produet devel opment firm in Ca m b ridge, Massaehusetts. Pro fessor Ep p inger speeializes in the study o f large product d eve lo p m e n t projeets and has ad vise d d evelopment teams at many firms in th e automotive, eleetronics, and eo nsu mer produets industries.

1.'0 1111 fJmfp\sionals uiho SIUiU'r! their expenenccs uiitli us and lo [he /JFOr/UCt r/('7.WlojJlIlPnl tcams iue /IO/)e willlwi/r,!itllOriI those expevienccs.