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- Introduction - Classification - Terminology - Function of Bearing - Selection of Bearing -Types and Application - Bearing Specification - Classes of Fit - Mounting of Bearing - Dismounting of Bearing
INTRODUCTION
A Bearing is a device to permit constrained relative motion between two parts, typically rotation or linear movement.
When there is a relative motion between two machine parts, one of which supports the others.The supporting member is called Bearing.
CLASIFICATION OF BEARING
Bearing are classified depending upon the load. Bearing are also classified depending upon the type of contact. 1. Sliding contact bearing - journal bearing - plane bearing 2. Antifriction bearing - Ball bearing - roller bearing
TERMINOLOGY
Inner race Outer race Inner and outer diameters Width
FUNCTION OF BEARING
A bearing permits relative motion between two machine while minimizing Frictional resistance. A bearing consists of an inner and outer member separated thin film of Lubricant or a rolling element. A bearing bears the load. It locates the moving parts in correct position. It provides free motion to the moving part by reducing friction. members either by a
LOADS
MAGNITUDE OF LOAD :The magnitude of the load is one of the factors that usually determines the size of the bearing to be used. Generally, roller bearing are available to support heavier loads than similar size ball bearing and bearings having a full compliment of rolling elements can accommodate heavier loads than the corresponding caged bearing.
DIRECTION OF LOAD
Radial load :The load which comes perpendicular on the shaft called redial load.
Cylindrical roller bearing, needle roller bearing, and toroidal roller bearing can only support pure Radial loads.
DIRECTION OF LOAD
Axial load :The load which comes axis on the shaft called Axial load. Thrust ball bearing and four point contact ball bearing are suitable for light or moderate loads that are purely axial.
DIRECTION OF LOAD
Combined load :A combined load comprises a redial and an axial load acting simultaneously
For combined loads, single and double row angular contact ball bearing, and single row taper roller bearing are most commonly used, although deep groove ball bearing and spherical roller bearing are suitable.
SPEED
The permissible operating temperature limits the speed at which rolling bearings can be operated. Bearing types with low friction and correspondingly low heat generation inside the bearing are therefore the most suitable for high - speed operation.
TYPES OF BEARING
-Ball Bearing
.Single row deep groove ball bearing .Double row deep groove ball bearing
-Roller Bearing
.Cylindrical roller bearing .Tapered roller bearing .Spherical roller bearing .Needle roller bearing
-Thrust Bearing
.Single row thrust bearing (ball & roller) .Double row thrust bearing (ball & roller)
-Journal Bearing
.Solid journal bearing .Split journal bearing .Ring oiled journal bearing
- Plane Bearing.
BALL BEARING
ROLLER BEARING
Roller bearings are used in rotary applications to replace sliding movement with low friction, rolling motion. The principal types of roller bearings are cylindrical, spherical, and tapered. In general, roller bearings offer higher load capacities than ball bearings of the same size
These bearings carry heavy loads at moderate speed. There should always be mounted in pairs with opposed taper because in each bearing the radial load produced an axial component which needs counter balance
JOURNAL BEARING
A journal bearing is a simple bearing in which a shaft, or "journal", rotates in the bearing with a layer of oil or grease separating the two parts through fluid dynamic effects.
PLANE BEARING
It is also comes under category of journal bearing.
Plain bearings and sleeve bearings (journal bearings) are used to constrain, guide or reduce friction in rotary or linear applications.
BEARING SPECIFICATION
Each anti friction standard bearings has a specific basic designation which indicates the type of bearing and other construction features. 3 0 2
BEARING SPECIFICATION
Each anti friction standard bearings has a specific basic designation which indicates the dimension of bearing.
x xx xx
Code for Bore Diameter
Code for Dimension series Code for bearing type
CLASSES OF FIT
1. Loose -Clearance -Where accuracy is not essential, such road building And mining equipment. 2. Free -Clearance -In rotating journals with speeds of 600 rpm or greater, such as in engines and some automotive parts. as in
3. Medium- Clearance- In rotating journals with speeds under 600 rpm, such as in accurate machine tools and precise automotive parts. 4. Snug- Clearance- Where small clearance is permissible and where moving parts are not intended to move freely under load.
CLASSES OF FIT
5. Wringing Interference- Where light tapping with a hammer necessary to assemble the parts. 6. Tight- Interference- In semi permanent assemblies suitable shrink fits on light sect ions. is
for drive of
7. Medium Interference- Where considerable pressure is needed to assemble and for shrink fits of medium sections; suitable for press fits on generator and motor armatures and for car wheels. 8. Heavy force or shrink- Interference Where considerable bonding between surfaces is required, such as locomotive wheels and heavy crankshaft disks of large engines
Before mounting, all the necessary parts, tool, equipment and data need to be at hand. It is also recommended that any drawings or instruction be studied to determine the correct order in which to assemble the various components. Housing, shafts, seals and other components of the bearing arrangement need to be checked to see that they are clean, particularly any threaded holes, leads or grooves where remnants of previous machining operation might have collected.
MOUNTING METHOD
Depending on the bearing type, and size, mechanical, thermal and hydraulic methods are used for mounting. 1. Cold Mounting Method. 2. Hot Mounting Method
COLD MOUNTING
If the fit is not too tight, small bearings may be driven into position by applying light hammer blows to a sleeve placed against the bearing ring face. The blows should be evenly distributed around the ring to prevent the bearing from tilting or skewing. The use of the mounting dolly instead of a sleeve allows the mounting force to be applied centrally.
HOT MOUNTING
It is generally not possible to mount larger bearing in the cold state, as the force required to mount a bearing increases very considerably with increasing bearing size . The inner rings or the housings are there fore heated prior to mounting. Bearing should not be heated to more than 125c as otherwise dimensional changes caused by alterations in the structure of the bearing material may occur. Bearing fitted with shields or seals should not be heated above 80c because of their grease fill or seal material.
DISMOUNTING METHOD
If the bearings are to be used again after removal, the force used to dismount them must never be applied through the rolling elements. With separable bearings, the ring with the rolling element and cage assembly can be removed independently of the other ring. To dismount a bearing having an interference fit, the tools described in the following section may be used, the choice of tools will depend on bearing type, size and fit.
COLD DISMOUNTING
Small bearing maybe removed from their settings by applying light hammer blows via a suitable drift to the ring face, or preferably by using a puller The claws of the puller should be placed around the side face of the ring to be removed or an adjacent component.
HOT DISMOUNTING
Special induction heaters have been developed to dismount the inner ring of cylindrical roller bearing having no flanges or only one flange. They heat the inner ring rapidly without heating the shaft to any degree, so that the expanded ring can easily be removed.
BEARING LUBRICATION
Lubrication reduces friction. It also prevents wear and corrosion, and guards against solid and liquid contamination. Theoretically, a properly lubricated bearing operating under ideal conditions will last forever. This is not possible in reality, of course. But a properly lubricated bearing has the best chance of achieving its maximum service life.
Several oil and grease supply systems exist that meet the needs of various bearing applications.
Oil supply systems include: oil baths, circulating oil systems, spray or mist systems, and the wick feed method. Grease supply systems include: housings (with or without grease fittings), grease chamber lubrication, and the grease quantity regulator.