A DNG SINH HC

Ging vin: PGS. TS. Trnh nh t Nhm thc hin: Trn Th Thanh Huyn
L Thanh Hng Nguyn Thnh Phng o Vn Qu

Tng quan
Phn I Phn II Phn III Phn IV Phn V Phn VI Khi nim v a dng sinh hc a dng di truyn a dng v loi a dng v h sinh thi nh lng v mc a dng sinh hc Gi tr v cng dng ca a dng sinh hc

Phn I

Khi nim v a dng sinh hc

Cho n nay c trn 25 nh ngha khc nhau cho thut ng a dng sinh hc.

a. Theo L Trng Cc (2002):

a dng sinh hc (Biodiversity) l s giu c, phong ph v a dng nguyn liu di truyn, loi v cc h

sinh thi

Phn I

Khi nim v a dng sinh hc

Cho n nay c trn 25 nh ngha khc nhau cho thut ng a dng sinh hc.

b. Theo Nguyn Ngha Thn (2005):

a dng sinh hc l khoa hc nghin cu v tnh a dng ca vt sng trong thin nhin, t cc sinh vt phn ct n cc ng vt v thc vt (trn cn cng

nh di nc) v c loi ngi chng ta, th hin t

mc phn t n cc c th, cc loi v cc qun x m chng sng.

Phn I

Khi nim v a dng sinh hc

Cho n nay c trn 25 nh ngha khc nhau cho thut ng a dng sinh hc.

c. Theo Cng c Quc t (1992):

a dng sinh hc (Biodiversity) l s phong ph ca mi c th sng t tt c cc ngun trong h sinh thi

trn cn, di nc, bin v mi phc h sinh thi

m chng l mt b phn cu thnh.

Phn I

Khi nim v a dng sinh hc

a dng di truyn

a dng v loi
a dng v h sinh thi

Phn II. a dng Di truyn

1 a dng di truyn.
Gen Mendel (1865): nhn t di truyn quyt nh tnh trng ca c th. Johansen (1909): nu ra thut ng gen ch nhn t xc nh mt tnh trng no . Morgan (1911): cc gen nm trn NST, v chim mt locus nht nh, to thnh nhm lin kt (thuyt di truyn NST). G.Beadle v E.Tatum (1941): 1 gen- 1 ezyme. Gen kim sot cc phn ng sinh ha.

1 a dng di truyn.
Gen.

Gen l mt on AND (ARN) mang thng tin m ha cho mt sn phm nht nh (ARN, polypeptide)

1 a dng di truyn.
Khi nim

a dng di truyn (a dng gen) l tp hp nhng bin i ca cc gen v cc kiu gen trong ni b loi. Xt cho cng a dng gen l s khc nhau v s lng, thnh phn, trnh t sp xp ca cc loi nucleotid trong phn t ADN.

1 a dng di truyn.
Biu hin

Genotype Phenotype

2 Nguyn nhn a dng di truyn.

t bin gen. Ti t hp gen. Di nhp gen. Phiu bt gen. CNTN-CLNT Sinh sn phn ha. t bin NST.

2 Nguyn nhn a dng di truyn.

t bin gen.

10-6 10-4

Bb

2 Nguyn nhn a dng di truyn.

t bin NST.

Cu trc
Chu yn o n

S lng
o o n

Mt o n

Lp o n

D bi

a bi

2 Nguyn nhn a dng di truyn.

Ti t hp gen.

S giao t: 2n

Kiu hp t: 4n

2 Nguyn nhn a dng di truyn.

Di nhp gen.
Trc di nhp: pA=0.2 pa=0.8 f=10% p=-0.1x(0.2-0.4)
A1

Sau di nhp: pA=0.22 pa=0.78

2 Nguyn nhn a dng di truyn.

Phiu bt gen.
P: Aa x Aa F1: 1AA : 2Aa : 1aa Xc sut cc i giao phi AA x AA : 1/16 AA x aa : 2/ 16 AA x Aa : 4/ 16

F2: aa x aa : 1/ 16 Aa x Aa : 4/ 16 Aa x aa : 4/16

2 Nguyn nhn a dng di truyn.

CNTN-CLNT
Trc chn lc: pB=0.1 qb=0.9 p2 BB + 2pq Bb +q2 bb=1 Chn lc: 0.01 BB +0.18 Bb+ 0.81 bb=1 H s sng st: BB, Bb: 0.2 bb:0.1 Sau chn lc ln 1: p2 BB + 2pq Bb +q2 bb 0.02 BB 0.036 Bb 0.081 bb Do : pB=0.17 qb=0.83

2 Nguyn nhn a dng di truyn.

Sinh sn phn ha. Giao phi khng t do. F1: Aa F2: 1AA : 2Aa : 1aa F3: 3AA : 2Aa : 3aa Cng thc chung: (2n -1) AA : 2Aa : (2n -1) aa (n l s th h)

3 Cc phng php phn tch a dng gen.

Ch th phn t.
Phn tch b NST Phn tch protein Gii trnh t ADN

3 Cc phng php phn tch a dng gen.

Ch th phn t.
RAPD: Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNAs RFLP : Restriction Fragment Length Polyphism ARFLP : Amplified Restriction Fragment Length Polyphism STR : Short Tandem Repeat

3 Cc phng php phn tch a dng gen.

Phn tch b NST
Tiu bn c nh

3 Cc phng php phn tch a dng gen.

Phn tch b NST
Hnh thi, cu trc, s lng

Ch s tm ng r c=q/p

3 Cc phng php phn tch a dng gen.

Phn tch b NST

46 48 48 48
Gorilla Orangutan Chimpanzee Human

3 Cc phng php phn tch a dng gen.

Phn tch protein

NST 2

3 Cc phng php phn tch a dng gen.

Phn tch trnh t ADN

NST 2

Phn III. a dng v loi

27

III. A DNG LOI

III.1 KHI NIM V VN V LOI III.1.2 LOI L G nh ngha ca K.M.Zavastki (1962 ) nh ngha ca E.Mayr (1968) nh ngha ca A.V. Lablocop (1977) nh ngha chung Loi l tp hp cc qun th gm cc c th c chung mt vn gen, c kh nng giao phi t do, ngu nhin sinh ra i con hu th nhng li cch li sinh sn vi cc nhm qun th khc tng t (loi khc)

III. A DNG LOI

III.1 KHI NIM V CC VN V LOI

U IM C TIU CHUN PHN BIT HAI QUN TH CA HAI LOI KHC NHAU

KHI NIM LOI

NHC IM PHN BIT C HAI LOI SINH SN HU TNH, KHNG PHN BIT C CC LOI SINH SN V TNH, HA THCH

III. A DNG LOI

III.1 KHI NIM V CC VN V LOI TIU CHUN PHN BIT CC LOI THN THUC

TIU CHUN HNH THI

TIU CHUN SINH L, SINH THI

TIU CHUN A L, HA SINH

TIU CHUN DI TRUYN

III. A DNG LOI

III.2 BIU HIN S A DNG LOI

S LNG D ON
> 10 triu loi (cn trng 1 triu) > 30 triu loi (cha phn tch loi trong lng t) >100 triu loi (cha phn tch loi trong lng t)

III. A DNG LOI

III.2 BIU HIN S A DNG LOI

S LNG LOI C M T : 1,75 triu loi

Cn trng > 750 triu loi ng vt c dy sng > 45.000 loi Thc vt 270.000 loi Sinh vt khc ~ 450.000 loi

III. A DNG LOI

III.2 BIU HIN S A DNG LOI Phn b loi

Khp cc khu vc trn th gii Rng nhit i, rng san h, h nc m l ni giu c v loi Rng ma nhit i Amazon c s lng loi a dng nht trong cc khu vc trn tri t

III. A DNG LOI

III.2 BIU HIN S A DNG LOI Phn b loi

BN IM NNG A DNG SINH HC CA T CHC BO TN QUC T

Global amphibian species. Brazil (789 species) and Colombia (642) have the largest number of species. China (335) has the largest number of species in the Old World. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (215) has the largest number from continental Africa. However, 239 species are recorded from Madagascar. Australia has 225 species, and Papua New Guinea has 289. In North America, Mexico has the largest number of species (357). There are 291 species in the United States. Prepared by M. Koo (see Acknowledgments).

III. A DNG LOI

III. A DNG LOI

RNG MA NHIT I

III. A DNG LOI

RNG MA NHIT I

III. A DNG LOI

RNG SAN H

III. A DNG LOI

H NC

III. A DNG LOI

AMAZON

III. A DNG LOI

III.3 V D V A DNG LOI TRN TH GII A DNG LOI THC VT TRN TH GII (~ 250.00 LOI ) RU : 16.000 LOI DNG X : 10.000 LOI THNG T : 1.300 LOI HT TRN : 529 LOI MT L MM : 170.000 LOI HAI L MM : 50.000 LOI

III. A DNG LOI

III.3 V D V A DNG LOI TRN TH GII A DNG LOI THC VT TRN TH GII

III. A DNG LOI

III.3 V D V A DNG LOI TRN TH GII A DNG LOI THC VT TRN TH GII

III. A DNG LOI

III. A DNG LOI

III.3 V D V A DNG LOI TRN TH GII A DNG LOI THC VT TRN TH GII

III. A DNG LOI

III.3 V D V A DNG LOI NG VT TRN TH GII

TRN TH GiI C ~ 1.200.000 LOI NG VT NG VT NGUYN SINH ; 40.000 LOI RUT KHOANG ; 9.000 LOI GIUN DP : 12.000 LOI GIUN TRN : 12.000 LOI THN MM : 70.000 LOI CN TRNG, CHN KHP : 1 TRIU LOI NG VT C XNG : 44.000 LOI

III. A DNG LOI

III.3 V D V A DNG LOI TRN TH GII A DNG LOI NG VT TRN TH GII

III. A DNG LOI

III.3 V D V A DNG LOI TRN TH GII A DNG LOI NG VT TRN TH GII

III. A DNG LOI

III.3 V D V A DNG LOI TRN TH GII A DNG LOI NG VT TRN TH GII

III. A DNG LOI

III.3 V D V A DNG LOI NG VT TRN TH GII A DNG LOI NG VT TRN TH GII

III. A DNG LOI

III.3 V D V A DNG LOI TRN TH GII A DNG LOI NG VT TRN TH GII

chim c vi cc kch thc: di 4,5 inch (khong 11cm) v nng bnh qun khong 14 gram ny l mt loi c nht.

III.3 V D V A DNG LOI VIT NAM A DNG LOI NG VT C tnh a dng loi cao thnh phn loi phong ph, c nhiu nt c o v c trng C 2.600 loi c (trong 2000 loi c bin ) Lng c : 82 loi B st 260 loi Chim : 828 loi Th 275 loi Cn trng 7000 loi C nhiu loi c hu c o : 100 loi v phn loi chim c hu, 70 loi v phn loi th c hu C gi tr khoa hc v thc tin cao

III. A DNG LOI

III. A DNG LOI

III.3 V D V A DNG LOI VIT NAM A DNG LOI NG VT Nhiu loi ng vt mi c pht hin v b sung vo danh sch cc loi ca Vit Nam nh 5 loi th mi l sao la, mang ln, mang Trng Sn, ch v chn xm v th vn Trng Sn.

III. A DNG LOI

c cc nh khoa hc nh danh ln u tin vo nm 1997

Mang l (Muntiacus rooseveltorum)

c cc nh khoa hc pht hin vo thng 4 nm 1997 trn dy Trng Sn

Mang Trng Sn (Muntiacus truongsoniensis)

c pht hin ln u tin Vit Nam nm 1992. Sau ngi ta cng pht hin loi ny Lo

Sao La (Megamuntiacus vuquangensis) c cc nh khoa hc pht hin ln u tin vo nm 1994 trn dy Trng Sn, bin gii Vit Nam v Lo. Ngi ta cng tm thy loi ny a phn Campuchia

MANG LN Megamuntiacus vuquangensis)

c khm ph vo nm 1937, (Vit Nam, Lo v Campuchia) vi s lng khong 500

B Bouprey
Cng c tm thy trn dy Trng Sn, bin gii ca Vit Nam v Lo. c pht hin vo nm 1999 v l 1 loi th hoang di mi

TH SC

III. A DNG LOI

THN LN CHN NGN

III. A DNG LOI

Rn nguyn vn sng Coluberoelaps nguyenvansangi

III. A DNG LOI

A DNG THC VT VIT NAM

Vit Nam c 1 h thc vt v cng phong ph,nhiu loi c hu v qu him cn c bo tn

III. A DNG LOI

A DNG THC VT VIT NAM

CY CH NGN NM

III. A DNG LOI

A DNG THC VT VIT NAM

III. A DNG LOI

A DNG THC VT VIT NAM

BCH XANH

Phn IV. a dng h sinh thi

67

Khi nim v H sinh thi

H sinh thi: l mt h thng bao gm cc qun x sinh vt tc ng qua li vi mi trng bng cc dng nng lng, to nn cc bc cu trc dinh dng, to a dng loi v hnh thnh nn cc chu trnh vt cht.

68

Khi nim v a dng HST

a dng h ST th hin bng s khc nhau ca cc kiu qun x sinh vt to nn do cc c th sng v mi lin h gia chng vi nhau v vi cc iu kin sng (t,nc,kh hu,a hnh) (Theo a dng sinh hc v ti nguyn di truyn thc vt-Nguyn Ngha Thn)

69

70

H sinh thi Nc ngt Nc mn

Trn cn

ng ru-i nguyn

4
3 6 5 8

Rng ma nhit i
Rng n i ng c Rng Savan Sa mc

ng ru-i nguyn c im t nhin

S phn b ca cc i nguyn trn th gii

73

ng ru-i nguyn c im t nhin

c im: Tundra l mt vng ng bng t cy ci, nhiu

m ly gi lnh, bng tuyt, quanh nm nc ng bng. Nhit rt thp, ngng t hi nc rt km, ma sinh trng ca sinh vt ngn ko di t 1 n 3 thng
74

ng ru-i nguyn c im t nhin

Phn b : vng lnh, khc nghit, ch yu vng cc

Kh hu: c 2 ma ma ng, nhit t -50C n 28C. Ma h : 3C n 12C Lng ma 300-500mm/nm. Ma ch yu dng tuyt

75

1 Thc vt

ng ru-i nguyn

Do lp t ch dy khong 25-90cm nn:

o

o o

Thc vt t, ch yu l cy bi,c bng, ru v a y Cy mc thp v nh Hu ht mc vi r nng, pht trin nhanh trong nhng ngy h
76

1 ng vt

ng ru-i nguyn

o Ngho ng vt. Hu ht chng c lp lng dy, m dy thi gian ng ng di, hoc di c trnh rt o Ch yu l si bc cc, gu trng, chim cnh cut,co bc cc,b x... o Cc Nam c chim bin, hi cu v ng vt c v c kch thc nh nh mo, th,..

77

ng ru-i nguyn

2
3 4 5 6

Rng ma nhit i
Rng n i ng c Rng Savan Sa mc

Rng ma nhit i
c im t nhin

79

Rng ma nhit i
c im t nhin

L thm thc vt pht trin phong ph nht trong cc thm

thc vt trn Tri t Thng gp trn cc vng ni cao, trn 800 m pha Bc, cao trn 1000 m pha Nam Kh hu: nng v m, nhit trung bnh nm cao (18 26C) v gn nh n nh quanh nm
80

Rng ma nhit i
c im t nhin

Lng ma TB: 1.200 - 3.000 mm/nm C 2 ma ma v kh phn bit r rt t a dng, giu cht dinh dng. Phn b :ch yu cc khu vc chu , chu c, chu Phi, Nam M, Trung M v cc qun o trn Thi Bnh Dng thuc khu vc ch tuyn,.

81

2 Thc vt

Rng ma nhit i

C nng sut sinh hc rt cao Phn ln l cc loi cy nhit i, khng c chi ng qua ng, mt s loi thn mang hoa qu, l cy nhn bng. c trng l phn tng, tn hp chen nhau, thng c 5 tng, c nhng cy cao ,tn rng. kiu rng ny c h u h Du cn c rt nhiu thc vt ph sinh nh phong lan,tm ngi v cy dy leo chng cht

12/22/2012

82

2 Thc vt

Rng ma nhit i

Ch ch

Cy leo

Tm ngi
83

2 ng vt

Rng ma nhit i

Thnh phn a dng, phong ph v s lng cc loi,chng, C cc loi leo tro nh kh, vn, sc cu bay Di t c cc loi th nh voi, h, bo, nai, hu Ngoi ra th cc loi cn trng cng rt pht trin nh nhng loi mui, ong

84

2 ng vt

Rng ma nhit i

12/22/2012

85

ng ru-i nguyn

2
3 4 5 6

Rng ma nhit i
Rng n i ng c Rng Savan Sa mc

Rng n i
c im t nhin

S phn b ca rng rng l n i trn th gii

87

Rng n i
c im t nhin

Lng ma va phi (700-1.200mm/nm), m v ma h, nhng ma ng vn khc nghit. t giu cht hu c v c lp thm mc dy, tng t dy v giu st lp di Ma sinh trng di, du mt,nhng bin i theo v
88

3
Thc vt

Rng n i

Thnh phn loi thc vt ca vng rt

a dng v chi; loi v c phn thnh nhiu tiu vng. Bc M vi nhng loi c trng l thng trng, thng , sn ... Cc tiu vng khc c nhiu loi cho g cng nh si; h o; d gai.

89

3
ng vt

Rng n i

Thnh phn a dng v s lng ln. Nhng khng c loi no chim u th Th c nhiu nh hu, ln rng, ch si, co, cc loi gm nhm... Nhng loi ng vt sng trn cy cng rt a dng nh sc, chut sc, nhiu loi chim leo tro nh g kin, nhiu loi cn trng (su b) n g. Chu k bin ng theo ma r rt. Nhiu loi c tp tnh di c xa, nhiu loi ng ng, c bit s loi hot ng ban ngy nhiu hn hn s loi hot ng ban m

90

ng ru-i nguyn

2
3 4 5 6

Rng ma nhit i
Rng n i ng c Rng Savan Sa mc

ng c-Tho Nguyn c im t nhin

S phn b ca tho nguyn trn th gii

92

4
c im t nhin *

ng c

* * *

Kh hu : ma kh ko di, S thay i theo ma v ngy m r rt. Lng ma TB:250-750 mm. t tt, n nu, giu mn. m ca t l gii hn hng u i vi s phn gii cc cht hu c bi vi sinh vt. Phn b: tp trung Trung v ng Phi, Nam M v chu i Dng
93

4
Thc vt

ng c

o Thm thc vt c c thp chim u th, cy 1 nm, ri rc l nhng cy kt thnh bi rm chuyn dn sang dngrng cy g hay ng bng o ng c thng c khai thc cho chn nui

94

4
ng vt

ng c

o ng vt trong vng l nhng loi n c, u th l tp on mng guc nh: tru b,la hoang, sn dng, nga hoang, nga vn.... o Nhiu loi th ln n tht nh h,bo,s t,. .. o Loi chim n xc nh: kn kn, i bng o Cc loi th o hang nh chn t, co hay ch ng c tr trong hang t l ch yu

95

ng ru-i nguyn

2
3 4 5 6

Rng ma nhit i
Rng n i ng c Rng Savan Sa mc

5 c im t nhin

Rng Savan

Kh hu: nng, ma ngn, ma kh ko di. V ma kh, phn ln cy ci rng l v thiu nc. Lng ma TB: 1.000 - 1500 mm Phn loi : savan nhit i v savan n i Phn b: Trung v ng Phi, sau na l vng Nam M v chu i Dng

97

5 c im t nhin

Rng Savan

5 Thc vt

Rng Savan

Thc vt ngho, ch yu l nhng cy bi nhiu gai cng, nhn. Cy to mc thnh nhm hay mt mnh, chung quanh c bi rm hay c cao. savan chu Phi c cy bao bp thn rt to, cy keo tn phng, c gai, nhng cy thuc h u v cc loi cy c thuc h Cau da....
99

5 Thc vt

Rng Savan

5 ng vt

Rng Savan

Linh dng, nga vn, hu cao c, voi, t gic. Tp trung nhng n ln sn dng, g nu, tru, nga vn . . . thuc tp on mng guc v nhng loi n tht chng nh s t, h, bo Sta, linh cu . . . Chim gm iu, i bng. . .. Cc loi th nh ch yu sng trong hang, di t nh chut.
101

5 ng vt

Rng Savan

ng ru-i nguyn

2
3 4 5 6

Rng ma nhit i
Rng n i ng c Rng Savan Sa mc

6
c im t nhin

Sa mc

S phn b ca hoang mc v sa mc trn th gii

104

6
c im t nhin

Sa mc

Sa mc l vng c lng ma rt t (<25mm/nm), mi trng ht sc khc nghit Bin nhit chnh lch cao. Kh hu nng c th ti 58C, c ni lnh ti -45C nh sa mc Gobi thuc Chu Lng bc x mt tri ln, nhiu ct v gi nng lun thi mnh to ra rt nhiu trn bo ct, hin nay c khong 1/3 din tch tri t (lc a) l sa mc.
105

6
Thc vt

Sa mc

Nhm cy hng nm c thi k sinh trng rt ngn, li theo chu k nhanh vo cc dp c ma. Nhm cy nhiu nm thch nghi cao vi iu kin kh hn,ch c t nhng cy b gai, h xng rng sng c iu kin kh cn t nc.

106

6
ng vt

Sa mc

ng vt mun tn ti trong sa mc th phi c t nht hai kh nng : i li v gi nc Thng kim n vo lc tri ti hoc sng 1 s ng vt sng sa mc nh cn trng cnh cng v 1 s thn ln,.. ngi ta thng dng lc l phng tin i li trong sa mc

107

a dng h sinh thi Vit Nam

iu kin t nhin: Vit nam nm vng nhit i gi ma, ma nhiu, m cao. Cc kiu h sinh thi chnh:
HST rng kn thng xanh HST rng kn na rng l m nhit i HST rng rng l m nhit i HST lun bin i do con ngi HST t ngp nc HST bin

a dng h sinh thi Vit Nam

109

Cc vn quc gia v khu bo tn thin nhin Vit Nam

110

Cc vn quc gia v khu bo tn thin nhin Vit Nam

111

Cc vn quc gia v khu bo tn thin nhin Vit Nam

112

Phn V. nh lng v mc DSH

113

Phn V

nh lng v mc DSH

nh ngha v s lng tnh a dng sinh hc cng c s dng nh l mt phng thc so snh s a dng tng th ca cc qun x khc nhau. Chng ta thy rng khng th ni ln tnh a dng sinh hc ca mt khu vc d c din tch ln hay nh ch bng mt con s duy nht. a dng di truyn thng c coi l n v c s ca s sng, tuy nhin, trong thc t, a dng loi thng c coi l nhn t c bn ca a dng sinh hc.

Phn V

Cc cp nh gi v a dng sinh hc

ang nguy cp (E) S nguy cp (V) Qu him (R) B e da (T) Thiu thng tin (K)

Phn V

nh lng v mc DSH

Cc ch s ton hc v a dng sinh hc c thit lp m t s a dng loi cc phm v a l khc nhau: S lng loi trong mt qun x hay h sinh thi thng c m t l a dng A. a dng A xut pht t mt khi nim ph bin v s phong ph ca loi (species richness) v c th s dng so snh s lng loi trong cc h sinh thi khc nhau. Khi nim a dng B cp n mc dao ng thnh phn loi khi cc iu kin mi trng thay i nh th no. a dng G p dng i vi mt vng a l rng ln gm nhiu sinh cnh v c nh ngha l mt t l m y cc loi thm vo c bt gp l nhng s thay th a l trong mt dng ni thuc cc vng khc nhau.

Phn V

nh lng v mc DSH

C nhiu phng thc khc nhau nh lng a dng sinh hc, tuy vy, phong ph v loi l ch s thng dng nht din t a dng sinh hc v cc l do sau: p dng thc t: phong ph v loi c minh chng v kh nng nh lng trong thc t, t nht l ch ra nhng s khc bit v s lng loi trong mt trng thi no (v d nh s c mt, sinh sn, tr ng) i vi mt bc phn loi no trong mt din tch no trong mt thi gian no . Thng tin c sn: mt s lng ln thng tin c sn v phong ph ca loi. Ngoi ra, cc thng tin khc cn c th ly ra t cc b su tp trong cc bo tng vi hng triu mu vt cng vi cc ti liu. c bit l cc thng tin ny c th c lu tr s ha. Tnh i din: phong ph ca loi c th i din cho nhiu loi a dng sinh hc khc nhau. Nhn chung, phong ph loi cng ln th a dng di truyn cng cao, a dng v sinh vt cng nhiu, v a dng sinh thi ln hn. ng dng rng ri: n v loi thng c coi nh l n v trong qun l, lut php, chnh tr v truyn thng. i vi nhiu ngi s sai khc v a dng sinh hc c coi nh l s sai khc v phong ph ca loi.

Phn VI

Gi tr v cng dng ca DSH

Ngun ti nguyn thin nhin ny khng nhng l c s vng chc ca s tn ti ca nhn dn Vit Nam thuc nhiu th h qua m cn l c s cho s pht trin ca dn tc Vit Nam trong nhng nm sp ti. Trn phng din sinh thi, cc h sinh thi l c s sinh tn ca s sng, bo m s lu chuyn ca cc chu trnh vt cht v dng nng lng, duy tr tnh n nh v mu m ca t, gim nh tc hi nhim v thin tai.

Phn VI

Gi tr v cng dng ca DSH

Trn phng din kinh t, a dng sinh hc ng gp to ln cho nn kinh t quc gia, c bit trong cc lnh vc sn xut nng nghip, lm nghip v thy sn; l c s bo m an ninh lng thc ca t nc, duy tr ngun gen, to ging vt nui cy trng; cung cp cc vt liu cho xy dng v cc ngun nhin liu, dc liu. Cung cp gi tr v cng to ln vi cc loi hnh du lch sinh thi, em li nhiu gi tr kinh t v gp phn quan trng vo vic nng cao nhn thc ca ngi dn v tm quan trng ca a dng sinh hc v bo tn thin nhin.

LI KT

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. L Vn Khoa, Khoa hc mi trng, NXB Gio Dc 2006

2. Nguyn Ngha Thn, a dng sinh hc v ti nguyn di truyn thc vt, NXB HQG H Ni 2005

3. L Huy B, Mi trng tp1, NXB KHKT H Ni 1997

4. www.sinhhocvietnam.com 5. www.wikipedia.org

THANK YOU !