MICROWAVE ANTEENA

1. PARABOLIC ANTENNA

The parabolic dish antenna consists of one circular parabolic reflector and a point source situated in the focal point of this reflector. This point source is called primary feed or feed. The circular parabolic (paraboloid) reflector is constructed of metal, usually a frame covered by metal mesh at the inner side. The width of the slots of the metal mesh has to be less than /10. This metal covering forms the reflector acting as a mirror for the radar energy. According to the laws of optics and analytical geometry, for this type of reflector all reflected rays will be parallel to the axis of the paraboloid which gives us ideally one single reflected ray parallel to the main axis with no sidelobes. The field leaves this feed horn with a spherical wavefront. As each part of the wavefront reaches the reflecting surface, it is shifted 180 degrees in phase and sent outward at angles that cause all parts of the field to travel in parallel paths.

Figure 1: Parabolic antenna

2. HORN ANTENNA

In radio transmission, an open-ended waveguide, of increasing crosssectional area, which radiates directly in a desired direction or feeds a reflector that forms a desired beam. Horns may have one or more expansion curves, i.e., longitudinal cross sections, such as elliptical, conical, hyperbolic, or parabolic curves, and not necessarily the same expansion curve in each (E-plane and H-plane) cross section. A very wide range of beam patterns may be formed by controlling horn dimensions and shapes, placement of the reflector, and reflector shape and dimensions.

Broad-Band Horn Antenna 0,8 18 GHz