Issue1 | Nov 2005

Blender learning made eas

Special: Blender Mechanical Gears

TUTORIALS
Modeling a robot Plane line intersection Texturing [robot] Animating [robot]

NEWS FLASH
GIMP 2.34 Blender 2.40 Blender Conferences

GALLERY

www.blenderart.or

CONTENTS
ED ITO R Gaurav Naw ani e dit or_blnde rart yah oo.co.in e @ M ANAGER Sandra Gil rt be m anage r_blnde rart yah oo.com e @ W RITERS Sandra Gil rt be Gaurav Naw ani St f e ano Se l ri l e Alaro L v una Baut t is a

L arning e
As k b lnt e uu: H av any q ue rie s re garding Blnde r e e as k blnt e uu. Ne w s Fl h : A s h ortre v w ofupcom m ing re las e of as ie e Gim p2.4 is italw ort t e h ype ?re ad on t f out l h h o ind . Alo a l atblnde rs upcom m ing 2.40 re las e it s ook e e s f at s . e ure Conf re nce : Dre am s gat updat s us on t e re ce nty e e e h l com plt d 'Blnde r Conf re nce " e e e e

L arning e
D ESIGN Gaurav Naw ani W ork s h op3d: Th is m ont w e bring you a 3d h m ode l t orial ing ut . St f e ano Se l ri uncov rs t e pow e r of h is l e e h f ous " e nde r M e ch nical ars "s cript and abl Bl Ge m ore ...
CO PYRIGH T " e nde rart M agazine " 'blnde rart Bl , e ' and blnde rart l are copyrigh t e ogo Gaurav Naw ani. " k Blnt As e uu' and " e nt l bl uu ogo"are copyrigh t Sandra Gil rt be . Alproduct and com pany nam e s l s f at d in t is publ ion are e ure h icat t rade m ark or re gis t re d t e rade m ark of t e ir re s pe ct e ow ne rs . h iv

L is ure e
Th is m ont w e bring you t e re v w of t e book h h ie h " igit t xt D al e uring and paint ing" And a gal ry of 'M e ch anical w ork s ' done in l e art blnde r. e

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Tabl of conte nts e

Edit orial As k Blnt ............................................................................................... e uu Ne w s Gim p 2.34 re v w .............................................................................. ie Blnde r 2.40 .................................................................................... e Conf re nce ne w s .............................................................................. e L arning e M ode l a robot .............................................................................. ing Blnde r M e ch anical ars (s cript e Ge ).................................................... Pl l int rs e ct ane ine e ion ...................................................................... Te xt uring t e robot .......................................................................... h L t ge t t e robot m ov e s h ing ................................................................ Re v w s ie D igit t xt ale uring and paint ing ........................................................... Gal ria ...................................................................................................... l e Cre dit ....................................................................................................... s Pre v w ...................................................................................................... ie

4 5 6 8 8 9 17 22 24 26 30 31 41 42

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ED I TORI AL

Fiv ye ars ago I w e nt l ing f a 3D program . I e ook or t e w orl around m e . D uring t is t e , one of m y h d h im f orit blnde r re l e d act it s h as be e n av e e at iv ie f at s , t orial and t ch niq ue s . O v r t e l t e ure ut s e e h as

ne w f at s , and s e l e ure dom us e d/ cure f at s . obs e ure and cov r h ow t accom pl h bas ic t adv e o is o ance d proj ct . Tut e s orial in e ach is s ue w ilcov r a s l e proj ct giv e , ing you t at e xt lt e pus h t t h ra it l o ry s om e t ing ne w . h

f ound blnde r, f nds and a ne w w ay of l ing at W e w ilt e a l at ne w w ays of doing t ings e rie ook lak ook h

brow s ing onl f alt e l e s t blnde r ne w s , ne w ge ne ralh e m e , pul t ine or lh at e t l ing oge t e r a com plt h e e f e ye ars I h av us e d le ral cas e s of pape r, iv e it l y print ing out e v ryt ing av abl on blnde r. I s t l e h ail e e il re m e m be r h ow I (and m any ot e rs ) e age rl w ait d In t is is s ue w e are going t t h y e h o ack l m ode l e ing, f e ach ne w is s ue of t e " or h Com m unit J y ournal It " . w as s om e t ing coolo l f h t ook orw ard t And o. s om e t ing I s t l is s . h ilm W h ich brings us t t e point of t is e dit o h h orial . Gaurav and I de cide d t at w e didn't h av h e anyw h e re ne ar e nough t ings t do w it our nonh o h e xis t nt f e t e , s o w e de cide d t l e re im o aunch t e h l e s t re -incarnat at ion of a blnde r m agazine . And e t is is it Blnde rart W e l e t our m is s ion t h , e . com o o prov ide ne w s , t orial and blnde r re l e d ut s e at inf orm at ion in an at ract e , f t re ad f t iv un o orm at . A pl t f ace o ind out alt e l e s t ne w s conce rning lh at blnde r. W e w ilbe bringing you t orial cov ring e l ut s e W e h ope you e nj our f t is s ue and w e l e you oy irs com t s ubm it art e , t orial and art ork f f ure o icl ut s w or ut e dit ions . t xt e uring and rigging a robot f bas ic anim at or ion. Ke e ping in l w it our t e m e , St f ine h h e ano s h are s h is t ch niq ue s on m ode l and anim at e ing ing ge ars , w it h a s h ort t orial us ing t e Blnde r M e ch anical ut on h e Ge ars (BM G) s cript And Alaro L . v una Baut t is a s h ow s us h ow t cal at a pl l int rs e ct o cul e ane ine e ion. W e alo h av a s m algal ry of m e ch anical age s s e l l e im s ubm it e d f t rom com m unit m e m be rs . y

Sandra Gil rt be

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As k Blntuu e

W e l s ince I h av n re ce iv d any q ue s t l , e t e ions ye t I , t ough t I w oul k ick of our f t is s ue w it s om e h d f irs h lt e k now n/ cure blnde r t . it l obs e ips 1. Anim at ion Pre v w in alw indow s at t e ie l h s am e t e : It is w e lk now n t at Al is f im l h t -A or pre v w ing an anim at ie ion on t e 3D w indow . But h t at not alof it D iv h 's l . ide your s cre e n int m ul e o t ipl 3D W indow s , e ach f rom a dif e re nt point of v w . f ie

obj ct , a m e nu w ilbe dis pl d in t e 3D e s l aye h w indow al ing you t pick t e obj ct you w is h t l ow o h e o s e lct e . 4. Sh ow al a t xt ph e ure as w ire : ct -d in 3dv w can s h ow al a t xt rl ie ph e ure as w ire . v ry us e f f pre v w w it out re nde ring. e ulor ie h

If you h av an obj ct (w ork s be s t on a m e s h e e pl ) w it an im age t xt , you can us e [Al ] ane h e ure t -V If you h av an Act e ion/ Ipo W indow and 3D w indow s out ide e dit ode . Th is w iladj t t e obj ct s ize s m l us h e 's ope n, and you is s ue t e [Al h t -Sh if -A]com m and t v ue s s o t at t e im age w on't be s t t e d w h e n al h h re ch f rom t e Act h ion (or t e Ipo) w indow , it w ilanim at proj ct d h l e e e bot (t e act h h ion and t e 3D ) in s ync!! Gre at f h or v ual ion of Ipo's e f e ct on your m ode l is izat f . Th e s e are j t a f w t us e ips I f ound brow s ing blnde r e f orum s . If you h av a cool e nde r t or t ch niq ue e bl ip e 2. " Truck " t e cam e ra in cam e ra m ode : h you w oul l e t s h are or a q ue s t d ik o ion you w oul d a) go int cam m ode w it NUM PAD 0 o h l e ans w e re d, s ubm it it t ik o: b) m ov t e cam e ra w it pre s s ing Gk e y e h h c) pre s s t e m iddl m ous e but on h e t m anage r_blnde rart yah oo.com . e @ 3. H idde n O b j ct : e s I don't k now h ow ol t is is (or w h e t e r it be e n d h h 's m e nt ione d be f ) ... but I j t dis cov re d it Say ore us e . you are in f ront or s ide v w and you w ant t ie o s e lct an obj ct but it is h idde n be h ind ot e r e e , h obj ct . If you pre s s AlRM B ov r a group of e s t e Unt ne xt t e il im Blnt e uu

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NEW S FL H AS

GI P 2.34 M
" os e t t e re las e dat of Blnde r2.4 w e m igh t s e e t e Cl o h e e e h re las e of Gim p2.4 t e oo." L e t 's t e a l and f L ak ook ind w h at in t e s t . Firs t of alt e s h ore lh m aj f at or e ure t at w ilm ak e in t t e 2.4 re las e are t e ICC h l o h e h col prof e s s upport in t e im age f our il h orm at t at s upport it s h , l e t f and j ik if pg. W h il it nice t h av t e porf ce s upport at e s o e h il l t but again it m is s e s out on not h av as ing t e CM YK h col pace t be us e d w it it Th is m ak e s t e ICC prof e ours o h . h il s upport a bit of col f our. None t e ls s it a pre t y us e f t h e s t ulool f t os e w h o us e SCRIBUS f t e D TP w ork . W e f or h or h ound good us e of ICC s upport in producing t is m agazine in SCRIBUS. h Te xt Tool Final l y GIM P h as e v n m ore e e lm e nt e ary s upport adde d in t e t xt h e t , you can now ool m ak e t e t xt f l h e ol ow any pat , and t is al h h l is done in v ct e ors s o t e re w ilbe no h l bl urring of t e t xt in t e proce s s . Inf h e h act a ne w pat l r f h aye or t e f l e d pat is cre at d s o now you can m ak e us e of t e h ol ow h e h pat by t e opt h h ions av abe f pat l e s t ing copying ail or h ik rok s e lct e ion or e v n m odif e ying t e pat it e l h h s f .

SIO X a prot ype ot of ne w f orground Apart f t e s e m ore v ibl or h is e e xt ract ion t ool in f at s t e re is addit e ure h ion of gim p w h ich w ork s t o m ore t s in t e m ain t w ool h ool int ract e l it not box f t is 're ct e iv y, irs angul ar com plt ye t but s e lct e e e ion' it l s m uch l e ol ook ik d w ork e d f ine in t e one but t is h av s om e be t e r h h e t Gim p2.33 (t s t e f at s l e you are al e d t e ure ik l ow o v rs ion) it e l e s f . act e l m anipul e t e s ize of iv y at h s e lct e ion t rough t e m ous e h h l e m ov ik ing or incre as ing t e h s h ape , cl ing ins ide or ick Clanup of s cript u and pyt on f f t rs . Th e s e f t rs / cript out ide t e box w ilm ak e it e f h u il e il e s s s h l are now pl d nice l ins ide t e m ain 'Fil rs ' m e nu it e l ace y h t e s f , int t e s e lct o h e ion. t is re duce s a l of conf ion f amateur us e rs .. h ot us or

Ne w e nt s in t e t box rie h ool

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NEW S FL H AS

GI P 2.34 M
Th e re are s om e im prov m e nt in t e int rf e s h e ace again in com pl iance f t e GIH (Gnom e H um an Int rf or h e ace guide l s ). But w h at is e v n m ore int re s t ine e e ing is t at h t is t e around w e m igh t s e e a gre at de al m e nu h im of ov rh aul as t e Gim p proj ct h as j t now as k e d f e ing h e us or UI de s igne rs /e ngine e rs , e v nt y t is f at ide l h e ure be com e s m ore pronounce d s ince t e re are m any ol h d Ph ot h ope rs com pl os aining about t e 'dif e re nt int rf h f ' e ace now a days . I ne arl f y orgot t m e nt o ion one m ore im port ant f at , e ure it is int roduct ion of ne w 'L anczos ' s am pl al h im ing gort us e d in s cal of im age s . It is k now n t be of h igh e r ing o q ualy t an t e ol r bicubiic s am pe l it h h de ing.

Col m anage m e nt pre f re nce s our e In t e e nd It can be s af e l s aid t at t e upcom m ing Gim p h t y h h re las e w ilbe re al e xcit e l l y ing in t rm s of s h e e r num be r of e f at e ure addit ions and im prov m e t . e s Ne w Se lct e ion box in act ion.

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NEW S FL H AS
Blnde r Ne w s e
Th e l t s e v ral ont s , and m ore s pe cif l t e l t as e m h ical h y as s e v ral e e k s h av s e e n a rus h of ne w f at s be ing e w e e ure adde d t blnde r. D ue in a l o e arge part t re q ue s t by o s Proj ct O range , t e anim at e h ion s ys t m h as be e n e s ignif icant y im prov d w it ne w f at s and t s l e h e ure ool t e re by s h rink ing t e proj ct 'w is h l t h h e is ' (h t p:/ orange .blnde r.org/ og/ h e -e v r-s h rink ingt / e bl t e orange -w is h l t and giv is ) ing us a v t y im prov d w ork as l e fow . l And w h il t e anim at e h ion s ys t m h as got e n a m aj e t or ov rh aulot e r are as of blnde r w e re not ignore d. e , h e M odif r St ie ack s , M e s h Subdiv ide Tool, Radial e nd s Bl Type , Fl Sim ul ion, H air s t uid at rand re nde ring and M e s h Ripping h av alm ade t e ir w ay int re ce nt t s t buil . e l h o e ds Addit ional t e Sum m e r of Code proj ct are in t e l h y e s h f inal t s age s of be ing adde d t t e code . o h

8 Confe re nce Ne w s
O ct obe r s aw bot t e Am s t rdam and M ont al h h e re annual blnde r conf re nce s . Re port f e e s rom at e nde e s s ay al t l h ad a good t e , w it us e f and product e im h ul iv pre s e nt ions f l t e day, and f f ld int ract at il ing h un il e e ion in t e e v nings . Pict s and v os of bot conf re nce s h e ure ide h e are al ady be ing pre pare d and pos t d onl f t os e re e ine or h of us unabl t at e nd. e o t Ton h as pos t d an art e out ining brie fy t e icl l l opics of int re s t f t e com ing ye ar. H igh on t e l t is e or h h is e ducat ion and t raining de v l e opm e nt A t . opic of gre at int re s t t m any of us . For h is f l icl, go t e o ulart e o:
h t p:/ w w w .blnde r.org/ s / w s it m .607+ M 55216e 564b2.0 t / e cm Ne e .h t l m

For v os / l s h ow s of t e Am s t rdam conf re nce , ide s ide h e e go t h t p:/ w w w .blnde r.org/ s / o: t / e cm 2005_V os .714.0.h t l ide m

And t e s e w e re j t t e m aj ch ange s , t e re h as be e n Th e v os f h us h or h ide rom t e M ont al h re conf re nce are n't q uit e e no e nd of code clan-ups , m inor and s om e t e s m aj e im or re ady ye t but k e e p an e ye out at t e e l iun f , h ys orum s , f s of e xis t ixe ing t s . V rs ion 2.40 l s t be a m aj ool e ook o or w h e re ne w s w ilbe pos t d w h e n t e y are re ady. l e h upgrade . For f l t s on t e l e s t f at s and ulde ail h at e ure Ne w Yaf ray? addit ions , go t o: h t p:/ w w w .blnde r.org/ s / e nde r_2_40_al a.59 8.0.h t l t / e cm Bl ph m Re ce nt ne w s f rom t e Yaf h ray cam p s ugge s t t at Yaf s h ray is And drop by t e t s t h e ing f orum s t pick up a curre nt o buil w it alt e ne w f at s . Th e m ore of us t at t s t d h lh e ure h e t e buil out t e s oone r bugs can be re port d back t h ds , h e o t e code rs and f d. h ixe
alo going t be com plt l re v pe d, t at m e ans it w ilbe s o e e y am h l code d f rom s crat . Im port l it w ilbe us ing ph ys icial ch ant y l l y m ore accurat al h im f rayt e gort or racing, in s im pl t rm s it e e m e ans w e can e xpe ct it t be of e v n h igh e r q ualy l e o e it ik M axw e lre nde re r, h ope f l t e is s ue of s pe e d up in l ul h y re nde ring w ilalo be addre s s e d in t is re v ion al l s h is ong w it h l s of ne w f at s . ot e ure

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W ORK S H OP 3D

M ode l a robot l ing

M ode l a robot in blnde r ing e

L v lBe ginne r t int rm e diat e e : o e e Int roduct ion 3D m ode l is one oft e m os t int re s t ing h e ing part oft e CG, but it prov s q uit a s h ide e ch al nge f a be ginne r t t e 3D l e or o h m ode l In t is t orial e w ilt e you ing. h ut w lak t rough v h arious t ch niq ue s inv v d in e ole m ode l an s im pl l ing robot in ing e ook Blnde r. Th is part ar robot is cal d e icul l e 'pape ro' and it a com panion bot produce d s by 'NEC' Corporat ion J apan. Plas e not t at t is art e is not m ade f e e h h icl or any com m e rcial gains and ne it e r is h al e d t be dis t l ow o ribut d or us e d f e or com m e rcial gains . It is not af il e d t NEC f iat o in any w ay. Th e NEC robot re f re nce d h e re e is pure l f e ducat y or ional purpos e onl y. Th e be s t approach t larn f o e rom t is h t orial alo t cons ult e blnde r ut is s o t h e m anual h e re e v r you f w e ind it ne ce s s ary, e s pe cial ifyou are v ry ne w t blnde r l y e o e t e n larn about t e v h e h arious nam ing conv nt e ions l e v w -port 'e dit m ode ', ik ie , v rt x, 't e e rans f orm e r gizm o' e t In t is c. h t orial ut care h as be e n t e n t prov ak o ide t e s e f at s as t e h e ading oft e s t ps , h e ure h h e s o t at ifw e s ay add a cube you can h re f re nce on h ow t add an obj ct s t p e o e e larne d pre v e ious l Re ading it once is y. re com m e nde d f alne w us e rs t t e 3D or l o h w orl ofBlnde r e v n ifyou are not abl t d e e e o f l it prope rl ol ow y.

St ing up art F t ofalm ak e a s e arch on goggl f irs l e or 'pape ro' or 'NEC robot ' f re f re nce s or e im age s . Try t f o igure out h ow t e m ode l h l s f ook rom dif e re nt v w s . Th e re are f w f ie e dif e re nt v rs ions av abl but w e are f e ail e going t m ak e a ge ne ric body. It w oul be o d h e l ul you can ge t im age 1 f pf if rom t e ne t h , ift at not pos s ibl it is alo prov d in t e h s e s ide h s am pl blnd f e f t is t orial e e il or h ut . M ode l t e ing h h e ad PART-1 St p 1. Adding a e im age t t e v w o h ie port St up : art Blnde r. F t t ing e irs h you ne e d t do is o de lt t e de f t e e h aul cube . Righ t cl on ick it t s e lct it ifit o e , s not al ady, t e n re h pre s s [D e land conf ] irm de lt e ion in t e h popup. Now w e w iladd an re f re nce im age l e oft e robot in t e v w port Pre s s h h ie . [Num Pad 1]f f or ront v w in t e v w -port ie h ie , now go t 'V w | o ie Back ground Im age ...' m e nu oft e v w -port In t e popup cl h ie . h ick on t e 'f de r' icon and nav h ol igat t t e e o h re f re nce im age , s e lct it and pre s s Ent r. e e e St p 2. Adding prim it e s : Now w e w il e iv l s t m ode l w e w ilf t s t w it art ing, lirs art h m ode l t e f . Ke e p t e m ous e in t e ing h ace h h v w -port and pre s s [Space bar]In t e ie h popup m e nu go t Add | e s h |UV ph e re . o M s Again in t e ne w popup re duce t e num be r h h

ofv rt s t 24 and again 24 in anot e r e ice o h popup t e n pre s s O K t add t e s ph e re . h o h

St p 3. W ork ing m ode s : Not t at t e e e h h s ph e re is adde d at t e pl w h e re t e h ace h ins e rt ion curs or(re d w h it s t e ripe d circl) is e and t e ce nt r oft e circl is re pre s e nt d h e h e e w it a pink dot Alo you w ilnot t at t e h . s l ice h h obj ct adde d is in 'e dit m ode '. You can e t oggl t e 'e dit m ode ' t 'obj ct m ode ' by e h o e pre s s ing [Tab] k e y once . D o it now .

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W ORK S H OP 3D

M ode l a robot l ing

1 0

St p 4. Mov e ing O bj ct : Now t pos it e s o ion t e h s ph e re in 'obj ct e m ode ' t t e h e ad o h part as s e e n in t e h re f re nce im age in e back . To do t at h , m ov your m ous e e ov r t bl e o ue arrow h e ad, cl and ick k e e p pre s s e d t e h but on and m ov t e t e m ous e upw ards . h Th e s ph e re obj ct e w ilm ov upw ards , l e k e e p pre s s ing [Ct ] rl Ke y t m ak e big grid o j ps . Us e [Sh if ]in com binat um t ion f m inor or grid j ps . P it um os ion t e s ph e re as s e e n in h t e im age . h St p 5. Scal O bj ct : To s cal any obj ct e ing e s e e in 'e dit m ode ' or 'obj ct m ode ' you f t h av e irs e t s e lct t e obj ct or o e h e it part . Since t e s s h s ph e re is al ady re s e lct d. P s s [S] e e re k e y and any m ous e m ov m e nt t ards e ow t e obj ct ce nt r w il h e e l re s ulin s cal dow n t ing ofobj ct and e inv rs e l any e y m ov m e nt aw ay e f rom obj ct ce nt r e e w ilre s ulin s cal l t ing up oft e s ize . H e re h s cal up t e s ize ofs ph e re as s h ow n in e h im age f l ing t e re f re nce in t e back . ol ow h e h Not again, you can com pl e nt t e s cal e im h ing ope rat ion w it [Ct ]or [Sh if ]or com binat h rl t ion ofbot f be t e r cont . h or t rol

St p 6. Se lct e e ing v rt s : Up t now you e ice o w e re w ork ing in 'obj ct m ode '. Ke e p s e lct d e e e t e s ph e re and pre s s [Tab]t ge t int t e h o o h 'e dit m ode '. 'Edit m ode ' is t e core of h w ork ing on a 3dm ode ls o larn and obs e rv , e e care f l Now w e w illarn t s e lct ul y. le o e v rt s . You can do v e ice arious t ype s of s e lct e ion in blnde r. To s e lct or de s e lct al e e e l v rt s us e [A]k e y t t e ice o oggl. P s s [A]t al e re il l v rt s t e ice urn bl (de s e lct d). Now pre s s ack e e [B](box s e lct and m ov your m ous e curs or e ) e t t e t lf part oft e v rt s in s ph e re o h op e t h e ice cl and drag dow n s o as t s e lct t e lf ick o e h e t part as s h ow n in t e im age . h St p 7. D e lt e e ing v rt s : Now w e w ilde lt e ice l e e t e s e lct d v rt s . To do t at pre s s e it e r h e e e ice h , h [D e lor [X]k e y and in t e popup, s e lct ] h e 'v rt s '. As now you can s e e t e s e lct d e ice h e e v rt s are algone . W e did t at be caus e e ice l h t e robot h e ad is s ym m e t in appe arance , h ric s o w e ne e d t j t w ork on one h aland l e r o us f at m irror it t ge t t e com plt h e ad. Now as o h e e you can s e e in t e im age , w e h av al h e so s e lct d t e e ar part oft e s am e s ph e re . e e h h Ye s w e w ilde lt t e m t l e e h oo. D o it t e s am e h w ay as e xpl d j t now . aine us CREATING TH E EYE PIECE St p 8. Z oom ing in t e v w -port To zoom e h ie : in t e v w -port you can us e 's crolw h e e lor h ie l ' [Num P + ][Num P -] Now pre s s [Z ]k e y ad ad . t t o oggl t s h ade d v w m ode f e o ie rom w ire f e m ode . Now as in t e im age , s e lct t e am h e h t o v rt s by k e e ping pre s s e d [Sh if ]k e y w e ice t and righ t cl ing on t e indiv ick h idual e rt s , v ice s e lct as s h ow n in t e im age and t e n e h h de lt t e t o v rt s t cre at t e e ye e e h w e ice o e h h ol f t e robot h e ad. e or h

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St p 12. Me rging f s : Triangul v rt s e ace ar e ice f s are bad f a s m oot s urf ace or h ace s o w e ne e d t conv rt t e t o t o e h w riangul f s t ar ace o a s ingl f e our v rt s f . To do t at s e lct e ice ace h e alf lour v rt s ofany of t re e v rt s e ice h e ice f s . W at im age 12 f e xam pl. Now ace ch or e go t 'Me s h | ace s | o F Conv rt t e riangls t e o q uads ' in t e v w -port m e nu. And t e h ie h t riangul f ar ace ge t conv rt d int a f s e e o our s ide d f . ace St p 13. Scal t e v rt s : now s e lct e ing h e ice e t e v rt s as s h ow n in t e im age 13 and h e ice h s cal t e m up a lte bit s o t e s h ape oft e e h it l h h e ye h ol l s l e a circl. H e re t t e ook ik e ry o m ov t e out r v rt s oft e e ye in a e h e e ice h st raigh t l , us e v ine arious m e t ods of h s e lct e ion t at you h av larne d e arl r. h e e ie

St p 9 . Us ing Subs urf : Subs urf e ace ace is t e m os t im port h ant t in 3d Me s h ool m ode l To e nabl Subs urf ing. e ace on t e h m e s h , pre s s [F ]and in t e m e s h t in 9 h ab t e but ons w indow (be l t e v w -port h t ow h ie ) Cl t e 'SubSurf but on, al t e opt al ick h ' t so h im but on and incre as e t e div ions t 2, s e e t h is o im age .

St p 10. Cre at e ing a f ace f rom v rt s : e ice Se lct t e v rt s as s h ow n in t e e h e ice h im age 10 and pre s s [F k e y once t m ak e a ] o f ace out ofs e lct d v rt s . Now re pe at it e e e ice f ot e r v rt s on t e h ol as s h ow n in or h e ice h e t e im age 11. h

St p 11. Subdiv e iding an e dge : Se lct t e t o v rt s w h ich are e h w e ice ins ide t e h ol f t e robot e ye . P s s [W ]Ke y and s e lct h e or h re e 'Subdiv ' , as s oon as you s e lct it t e f ide e h ace ge t div d int t o s ide o w f s . Im age 12. Re pe at t e s t ps w it ot e r ne w l cre at d f s . ace h e h h y e ace

St p 14. Ext e ruding t e f s : Ge t in t 'Side v w ' by pre s s ing h ace o ie [Num P 3]and s e lct alt e v rt s oft e e ye t at f ad e lh e ice h h orm a circl. e P s s [E]t e xt re o rude t e s e lct d v rt s and s t m ov h e e e ice art ing t e h e xt ion in t e dire ct rus h ion ofgre e n axis oft e t h rans f orm e r gizm o as s e e n in t e im age 14 (a) and (b). h

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St p 17. W e l e ding t e v rt s : W e l h e ice ding or m e rging v rt s giv s us a cl e d e ice e os f ace w h ich w e w ant f t e back oft e or h h e ye pie ce t be l e . Now again pre s s o ik [E]and im m e diat l 'righ t cl ' t lav e y ick o e e te t h rans f orm s t e . Now pre s s [Al+ at t M]in t e popup s e lct 'at curs or' and h e you can s e e t e dupl e v rt s ge t h icat e ice re m ov d and t e y alf e h lorm a f ace as s e e n in im age 17. L oop s e lct e ion: Now w e ne e d t cre at a e ye cov r gl s f t e e ye o e e as or h pie ce . s e lct t e s e cond l ofv rt s f e h oop e ice rom t e e ye pie ce . P s s h re [Al+ B]and h ov r your m ous e ov r t e s e cond circul l in t e t e e h ar oop h im age 18. Th e act e s e lct iv e ion w ils h ow a bl l f l ue oop orm ing on it as s oon as it doe s lf cl once t s e lct t e l e t ick o e h oop. D upl e it and icat s e parat f e rom t is m e s h . Ge t out ofe dit m ode [Tab]now s e lct t e h e h ne w l cre at d m e s h and pre s s [Tab]t ge t int e dit m ode . y e o o St p 18. F l ing t e im age 20 e xt e ol ow h rude once and s cal it dow n e (im age 20a) Th e n e xt rude it again , im m e diat l righ t cl . Th e n e y ick pre s s [Al+ M]t j t e v rt s and com plt t e f t o oin h e ice e e h ace f t e e ye or h cov r gl s . Ge t out of'e dit m ode '. e as

St p 15. Ke e p t e l t s e lct e h as e ion, now pre s s [Num P 1]t ch ange ad o back t t e f o h ront v w . H e re once m ore pre s s [E]t e xt ie o rude and im m e diat l pre s s [S]t s cal dow n t e e xt ion a lte . im age 15. e y o e h rus it l

D upl ing t e v rt s : To m ak e a copy oft e s e lct d icat h e ice h e e v rt s /ace s you can pre s s [Sh if + D ] Cont e ice f t . inue d f rom t e l t h as s e lct e ion pre s s [Sh if + D ]and im m e diat l pre s s [P (t s e parat it t e y ] o e f rom t e m e s h int anot e r obj ct cl " e lct d"in t e popup. h o h e ) ick s e e h Now you can pre s s [Tab]t ge t out oft e 'e dit m ode ' t 'obj ct o h o e m ode '. Righ t cl t s e lct t e ne w circul m e s h and pre s s [Tab]t ick o e h ar o e nt r 'e dit m ode ' f it e or . St p 16. Now w e ne e d t cre at t e t e o e h ube l e s e ct ik ion f t e e ye . or h Se lct alt e v rt s [E]e xt e lh e ice rude t e m dow n a lte (im age 16a) h it l Now ge t in t 's ide v w ' [Num P 3]and e xt o ie ad rude t e s e lct d h e e v rt s t ards gre e n axis t ice as s e e n in t e im age 16b. e ice ow w h

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St p 3. O nce again ge t out oft e 'e dit e h m ode ' and add a s ph e re of16x16 ([Space Bar] 'Add | s h | s ph e re ') in t e m iddl of Me UV h e t e e ar as s h ow n in t e im age 21. m ak e s ure h h t at you pos it h ion ifrigh t Ch e ck t e pos it . h ion in 'f ront v w ' and 's ide v w ' s e e Im age 21. ie ie

PART-2 CREATING TH E EAR & M IRRORING TH E H EAD You h av not d t at m any t e s w e h av dupl e d a m e s h part e ice h im e icat t s t w ork ing on anot e r part oft e m ode lTh is is done f t o o art h h . or w re as ons f ty t e dupl e d m e s h w e ge t f s cl e l t t e part of irs l h icat it os y o h t e m ode l h e re w e pick e d it f h w rom and s e condl it s av s a l of y e ot t e ; im ) St p 1. Inne r Ear: Again w e w ilus e dupl ing m e t od t m ak e t e e l icat h o h e ar pie ce . F t s e lct t e h e ad m e s h ge t int 'e dit m ode ' do one irs e h o e xt ion t v ry s m aldis t rus o e l ance t ards re d axis (im age 19 b) and ow dupl e it by [Sh if + D ] Now ge t out of'e dit m ode ' and s e lct t e icat t . e h ne w l cre at d m e s h . Again ge t int 'e dit m ode ' [Tab]and do t re e y e o h e xt ion in re d axis as s e e n in t e im age 19 c. rus h F inal cre at one m ore e xt ion and s cal it dow n a lte . Cre at a l y e rus e it l e dupl e [ Sh if + D ]f icat t rom curre nt s e lct e ion and s e parat [P it f e ] rom t e m e sh . h

St p 4. Mirroring a m e s h : Now t e h e ad is e h al os t com plt . Since t e h e ad is m e e h com plt l s ym m e t e e y ric, w e can go ah e ad and m irror it t ge t a com plt d h e ad m e s h . To o e e do t at s e lct t e 'h e ad m e s h ' and m ak e h e h s ure t at you are in t e 'f h h ront v w ' now ie pre s s [Tab]t ge t int t e 'e dit m ode '. P s s o o h re [A]k e y t alt e v rt s are s e lct d. Now il lh e ice e e pre s s [Sh if + D ]t dupl e t e s e lct d t o icat h e e m e s h . Im m e diat l righ t cl t cance l e y ick o any t rans f orm at ion. Now pre s s [M]t bring up o t e m irror m e nu popup. h e re ch oos e 'X h Gl '. You w ils e e t e s e lct d m e s h is m irrore d. obal l h e e St p 5. Me rging t e e h m irrore d s urf s :. Now ace us ing t e 't h rans f orm e r gizm o' oft e x axis h (re d) bring t e t o h w m e s h e s cl e r s o t at os h t e ne ar e dge s are h ov rl e apping e ach ot e r h w at t e im age 23a f ch h or t e h igh l t d part h igh e . At t is point you can h zoom in and m ak e s ure t at t os e e dge s are 'corre cty ov rl h h l e apping e ach ot e r. Now de s e lct alot e r v rt s and m ak e a box h e l h e ice s e lct e ion [B]around t e h igh l t d part as s e e n in im age 32a. h igh e

St p 2. O ut r e ar part Exit t e e dit e e : h m ode and s e lct t e m e s h j t e h us cre at d. As s e e n in t e im age 20 e h e xt rude it t re e t e s and once h im m ore righ t cl and w e l t e ick d h s e lct d v rt s [Al+ M] e e e ice t .

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Now ge t out oft e 'e dit m ode ' h and as s oon as you ge t out of t e e dit m ode you m igh t s e e a h bl l in t e m iddl oft e ack ine h e h h e ad m e s h as s e e n in im age 23b. Again ge t in t 'e dit m ode ' o s e lct alv rt s and pre s s e l e ice [Ct + N](cal at norm al rl cul e s ). Now t e m e s h w ill s m oot h look h and you h av cre at d t e h e ad e e h oft e robot h .

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St p 2. Rot ing t e obj ct : P s s [R]k e y t rot e t e circl as e at h e s re o at h e s h ow n in t e im age 27a. Ge t int 'e dit m ode ' and e xt h o rude once dow nw ards on t e Z axis (bl ) and s cal it as s h ow n in t e im age h ue e h 27b. F l ing t e im age e xt ol ow h rude once m ore .

St p 6: Cre at e ing t e re s t oft e h h h e ad part . Now f l ing t e s ol ow h proce dure ofdupl ing and icat m irroring go ah e ad and do t e h s am e f t e 'e ye pie ce ' (im age or h 25a) e ye gl s ' and t e 'e ar bal as h l '. Af e r you h av done t at t e t e h h f inal ode l h oul l s om e m s d ook t ing l e in t e im age 25b. h ik h

St p 3. Ext e rude once m ore f l ing t e im age 28a. Now w e ne e d ol ow h t m ak e out t e body de s ign as s e e n in t e re f re nce im age s . To do o h h e t at ge t in t t e 'f h o h ront v w ' [Num P 1]and box [B]s e lct t e ie ad e h v rt s as s h ow n in t e im age . [G]grab t e v rt s and e ice h h e ice im m e diat l pre s s [Z ]and pult e m dow n as s h ow n in t e im age e y lh h 28b and 29 a.

PART-3 UPPER & L OW ER BOD Y St p 1. Mak e s ure you are in 'O bj ct e e m ode '. Go t 't v w ' [Num P 7} and o op ie ad add a UV ph e re [Space bar]'Add | s h s Me |Circl ' of24 v rt s (im age 26). Ge t e e ice out oft e 'e dit m ode ' and ch ange t e h h v w m ode t 's ide v w ' [Num P 3] ie o ie ad . F t pos it irs ion t e circl j t be l t e h e us ow h 'e ar part '.

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e nabl 'SubSurf but on. Th e m e s h w ilt e ' t lurn roundis h . St p 7. Ke e p t e v w in 's ide v w ' [Num P 3]Ext e h ie ie ad rude t e s ide h ofpl (t o v rt s ) t o t e s and m ov t e v rt s t l l e ane w e ice w im e h e ice o ook ik as in t e im age 32. h

St p 4. Adding a l of e oop v rt s : At t is point w e ne e d e ice h t e xt o rude v rt s once and e ice t e n s cal t e m dow n s o t at h e h h w e ge t a s m oot be nd e dge h f t e body. But you w il or h l not t at t e body l s a ice h h ook bit pul s o w e w iladd a ne w py l l ofv rt s j t ne ar t e oop e ice us h bot om part (im age 29 b) t t o m ak e it l l e a s ol ook ik id s urf ace w it de f d e dge s . To h ine add a e dge l pre s s [Ct + R]t e curs or w ilnow ch ange in t a oop rl h l o bl l l and w ilf l t e pos it ue op ine lol ow h ion oft e m ous e , bring it dow n h and ne ar t t e bot om part as s e e n in im age 29 b and cl t add o h t ick o te l h oop. St p 5. L e r body: Mak e a e ow dupl e [Sh if + D ]oft e icat t h s am e s e lct e ion and s e parat it e f rom t e m e s h . W e w ilus e it t h l o m ak e t e l e r body. Ge t out h ow oft e 'e dit m ode '[Tab]and h s e lct t e ne w l cre at d m e s h e h y e and again ge t int 'e dit m ode ' o [Tab] Now e xt . rude once and s cal it a lte . Again e xt e it l rude and bring t e e xt ion dow n a lte . h rus it l Ext rude and bring it dow n as s e e n in im age and h e re m ov t e e h v rt s in t e s am e l . Now e xt e ice h ine rude t ice f l ing t e im age 30a w ol ow h and w e l t + M]t e l t e xt ion. d[Al h as rus St p 6. Ge t in t t e 's ide v w ' e o h ie and s cal t e l e r part oft e e h ow h 'uppe r body' and uppe r part oft e h 'l e r body' as s h ow n in ow im age 31a. Ge t out of'e dit m ode ' com plt l and add a pl [Add e e y ane | s h | ane ] pos it Me pl , ion it ne ar t e h s ide bot om oft e robot body, t h w at im age 31b f re f re nce . ch or e pre s s [F ]f e dit 9 or ing but ons and t

St p 8. Ch ange t e v w t 'f e h ie o ront v w ' [Num P 1] and e xt ie ad . rude t e pl t re e t e s out ards (re d axis ). and m anipul e t e h ane h im w at h v rt s t as t e y l in t e im age 33a im age 33b.Now ge t out of e ice o h ook h t e 'e dit m ode ' and as s oon as you ge t out oft e e dit m ode you h h m igh t s e e a bl l in t e m iddl oft e h e ad m e s h as s e e n in ack ine h e h im age 23b. Again ge t in t 'e dit m ode ' s e lct alv rt s and pre s s o e l e ice [Ct + N](cal at norm al Now t e m e s h w ill s m oot and rl cul e s ). h look h you h av cre at d t e h e ad oft e robot e e h h .

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and m ov m ous e t rot e . Rot e t e s e lct d f s s o t at t e y e o at at h e e ace h h l l e as in t e im age . ook ik h St p 12. Ch ange v w t f e ie o ront Now ch ange t e s e lct . h e ion m ode [Ct + Tab]t v rt s . And s e lct t e s ide v rt s (t re e rl o e ice e h e ice h e ach s ide ) as s h ow n in im age 37a. F l ing t e back ground ol ow h im age in t e v w -port m ov t e m dow n (z axis ). h ie e h

St p 9 . Af e r t e robot 's h oe ' e t h h as be e n done s e lct alt e e lh v rt s oft e s h ow and is s ue e ice h [Sh if + D ]m ov t e s e lct t e h e ion t o ot e r s ide oft e robot and af e r h h t pos it ion it m irror [M]it in X axis . Se e im age 34.

PART-4 L EFT OV D ETAIL ER S St p 10. Ch anging t e s e lct e h e ion m ode s : Th e bas ic m ode l j t is us about com plt , w e f e e orgot t add o t e lte bum p in t e m iddl of h it l h e h e ad. Now s e lct t e h e ad m e s h e h and ge t int 'e dit m ode ' Now w e o ne e d t us e t e s e lct o h e ion m e t od h as f ace as it w ilprov l ide f e as ie r or s e lct e ion. P s s [Ct + Tab]and re rl in t e popup s e lct t e 'f h e h ace s e lct e ion' t e v w w ilch ange a h ie l bit as s h ow n in t e im age . Now h you can s t s e lct art e ion t e f s by righ t cl ing on t e m , h e re you h ace ick h w ilne e d a group off s t be s e lct d s o k e e p pre s s e d t e [Sh if ] l ace o e e h t k e y. St p 11. e Ext ruding f s: ace Ch ange t e h v w t s ide . ie o Ext rude t e h f s ace upw ards (bl ue axis ) once . Now w e ne e d t rot e t e o at h s e lct d e e f s onl on x axis s o w e w ilpre s s [R]and im m e diat l pre s s [X] ace y l e y

Th e re are v arious s m al r de t s lf f t e robot t e y are lf as l e ail e t or h , h e t an e xe rcis e f t e re ade r. You can us e us e t e m e t ods prov d or h h h ide h e re t cre at t e m , l e t e s pe ak e rs in t e f o e h ik h h ront part ofbody and t e t s oft e robot Mak e s ure t re ad t e ot e r t orial h ire h . o h h ut on t xt e uring t e robot in t e larning s e ct h h e ion. Se e t e out h com e ofit in t e h 's h ade d' [Z ]m ode .

Th is w raps up t e m ode l h ing t orial av f blnding ! ut h e un e Gaurav Naw ani

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prope rt s ; h e m os t im port ie t ant ofw h ich is t at t e t ofm e s h ing h e h ge ars w h os e prof e is an inv ut do not s l one on t e ot e r w h il il ol e ide h h e t e ge ars rot e , and t e pre s s ure angl w it w h ich a ge ar pus h e s h at h e h t e ot e r s t cons t . h h ay ant I w ilnot go de e pe r on t is h e re ; l h you don ne e d t k now , s ince t e t o h BMG w ilh andl m at e m at , but ifyou are curious j t brow s e l e h ics us [1,2] . Th e Script BMG is a s cript s uit you can dow nl f e oad rom [3] It com pre h e nds . t o s cript , a m e s h e r (BMGm ) and a s pinne r (BMGs ) w e w il w s l conce nt e on t e f rat h orm e r f t BMGm be l irs . ongs t t e Me s h o h cat gory ifyou e lct t ins t l in t e prope r pos it e e o alit h ion w it in t e h h .blnde r t e . In any cas e , once l e re aunch e d, it pre s e nt a s cre e n as s s h ow n in F 1 ig. BM Gm can cre at Cyl e indrical and Conical ars t e w orm ge h opt ion is not w ork ing, ye t ; In t is art e w e w ilconce nt e on ). h icl l rat cyl indricalo de m ons t e s cript us age . t rat M ain Ge ar Param e t rs e Th is group of param e t rs de f s t e bas ic l of t e ge ar. W h e n e ine h ook h t o m e s h ing ge ars are s e t w h at de f s t e ge om e t is t e Pit w ine h ry h ch Radius , w h ich is t e radius of t e ide al h h circl on w h ich t e e h m e s h ing t e t of t e t o ge ars t e h h w ouch . It is t e pit radius t e h ch h one de f ining m os t of t e ge ar ge om e t Th is , as m os t ov r h ry. e e nt s , is de f d in Blnde r Unit . W e w ilk e e p t e de f t 5 f rie ine e s l h aul or now . Th e t e t num be r de f s h ow m any t e t t e ge ar h as . e h ine e h h Th is is t e s e cond m os t im port h ant param e t r, and w e w ils e t t is e l h t 25 f t is e xam pl. Th e Pre s s ure angl is v alf o or h e e it , rom a m e ch anical point of v w , but is of ls s im port ie e ance in com put r e graph ics . It de f s t e angl be t e e n t e t ine h e w h ange nt pl t t e ane o h ge ar t h at t e cont oot h act point and t e pl cont h ane aining t e t o h w ge ars rot ion axis . It is probabl be t e r t lav t is t t e at y t o e e h o h de f t 20v ue . H e l Angl de f s h e l ge ars s h ape . aul al ical e ine ical Com m on ge ars h av s t e raigh t t e t . H e l ge ars h av s l e d e h ical e ant t e t . H e l ge ar are ls s nois y and m ore s w if in ope rat e h ical e t ion, and m ore cos t y t m anuf ure , alt ings you don care in 3D l o act lh t graph ics , s o w e w ilk e e p t is angl t 0 now . l h e o

Using Bl enderM ech anical Gears - Script

By St f e ano Se l ri l e Ab st ract Th is art e de al w it t e m ode l and anim at : icl s h h ing ion of ge ars , prov iding a s h ort t orialor t e ut izat ut f h il ion oft e Blnde r h e Me ch anical ars (BMG) s cript Ge . Int roduct ion O ne oft e k e y point in m ode l and anim at m e ch anical v s h s ing e de ice re l s in t e ne e d t produce ge ars . Ge ars are not m e re l w h e e l ie h o y s w it t e t . Ge ars w e re l e t at in ancie nt days , but m ode rn h e h ik h m e ch anics de e pl s t y udie d t e dif e re nt w ays in w h ich s pin can be h f t rans f rre d f e rom one rot ing axis t anot e r, de f at o h ining e xacty h ow a l ge ar m us t be de s igne d f m axim um e f icie ncy. or f Som e t e ory can be obt h aine d f rom t e docs on [1](I don w ant t h t o prom ot any part ar ge ar m anuf ure r, but t is is t e re f re nce I e icul act h h e us e d t cre at m y o e ge ars ) as w e las l in t e Blnde r h e Me ch anical ars Ge (BMG) s cript docum e nt ion at [2] Bas ical a . l y ge ar m us t be de s igne d s o t at h no f ion occurs rict at t o m e s h ing w ge ar t e t . Th is e h e ns ure s e f icie ncy, f l durat ong ion, and l nois e . Th e ow m at e m at h ical de s cript ion ofa ge ar is bas e d on t e inv ut h ol e conce pt Th e . inv ut ofa circl ol e e h as s e v ral e

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Using BM G - script

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P e as e not t at t e s cript ge ne rat d a s ingl t h bot f t e l e h h e e oot h or h m ain ge ar and t e pinion. Th e m ain ge ar obj ct ce nt r is in t e h e e h origin, t e pit radius is 5 blnde r unit , you can s e e t is s ince t e h ch e s h h t e t w oul t e h d ouch t e re , once rot e d. Th e pinion radius h as be e n h at aut at l com put d by t e s cript it ce nt r is in t e righ t om ical y e h , s e h pos it ion f corre ct m e s h ing (righ t os t ye l dot and t e t h or m l ow ) h oot h as be e n produce d s l ty rot e d f t e s ak e ofcl y. igh l at or h arit

Th e Adde ndum and D e de ndum de f s h ow f be yond and be ne at ine ar h t e pit radius t e t e t e xt nds . Th e s e param e t rs are crit . h ch h e h e e ical F t t e Adde ndum cannot be gre at r t an t e de de ndum , or you irs h e h h w ilh av big m e s h ing problm s . Se cond, Th e ir v ue m us t be t l e e al une d according t t e num be r oft e t . Th e m ore t e t e t , t e s m al r o h e h h e h h l e t e s e t o m us t be , t e f w e r t e t e t , t e l r t e y can be . F h w h e h e h h arge h or our e xam pl 25 is an av rage t e t num be r, s o w e can k e e p t e m e e e h h t t e de f t 0.4 v ue . o h aul al

O ur ne xt t k w ilbe t com plt t e ge ar and t e pinion m e s h . as l o e e h h Be v l e ing: No t rue m e ch anical v s h av s h arp e dge s . F lt de f s t e de ice e il e ine h Ge ar M e sh e s t ouch -ups radius oft e rounding at t e t and bot om oft e t h . Be v l h h op t h oot e F t ofal rot e t e m ain ge ar t h 1/ of360(7.5 (F 3.1). irs l at h , oot 50 ) ig. de f s t e be v l ofale dge s on uppe r and l e r f ine h e ing l ow ace oft e ge ar. Th is m ak e s l e r e dge oft e t h al d on t e xz pl . In f h ow h oot igne h ane ront v w and e dit m ode w e can e xt ie rude t e t v rt x t com plt t e h op e e o e e h M e sh Param e t rs: e prof e (F 3.2). D upl ing t is and m ov il ig. icat h ing it around on t e xz h Th e s cript ge ne rat s a s ingl t h f t e ge ar, w it a giv n e e oot or h h e pl w ilm ak e t e prof e f t e inne r ge ar part t (F 3.3). Now ane l h il or h oo ig. re f m e nt lv l t e m e s h . Th e re f m e nt lv l giv n as a ine e e in h ine e e is e dupl e alt e s e ne w v rt s and m irror t e m al gl icat lh e ice h ong obal w it z h Re s ol ion al t e t h pe rim e t r, w h ich s h oul be k e pt t 2 ut ong h oot e d o re s pe ct t curs or. o unls s you are pl e anning t zoom in a l (ris e it or zoom out a l o ot ) ot (l e r it on your ge ars and a L ow ) ongit udinal s ol ion al t e Re ut ong h t h t ick ne s s . Th is is act l ne e de d onl f h e l ge ars , w h ich oot h ual y y or ical do e xh ibit l ongit udinalw is t F t . inal t e Th ick ne s s de f s h ow t ick l h y ine h is t e ge ar and t e W idt de f s h ow m uch t t e ins ide , w it h h h ine o h h re s pe ct t t e pit circl, t e body oft e ge ar e xt nds be yond t e o h ch e h h e h t h . Ke e p alt e s e t t e ir de f t oot lh o h aul s Pinion: Th e re is no point in de f ining a ge ar w it out is m at ing pinion. Th e h ch pinion can be e it e r a s t h andard pinion (a ge ar) a rack (a s t raigh t t h e d it m ) a oot e crow n (a big ge ar w it t e t on t e h e h h ins ide ) lt s k e e p e te P h inion opt ion and m aint ain t e h 12 t e t . e h Ifnow you pre s s t e Ge ne rat h e but on you w ils e e t l t e s ce ne in F 2 h ig.

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But you w on h av t e s pace t m ak e t e m e s h s o com plx. t e h o h e Re m e m be r t at t e pinion h as 12 t e t s o a t h is 30(36012) h h e h oot / w ide . At t e e nd you s h oul h av s om e t ing l e F 6. Giv t t e h d e h ik ig. e o h Ge ar O bj ct a m ne m onic nam e (L e Ge ar and t t e pinion obj ct e ik ) o h e a m ne m onic nam e t (P oo inion is a good ch oice !) Pre paring f Spinning! or

Now go back in t v w w it alt e s e ne w v rt s s e lct d. Ide al op ie h lh e ice e e l y w e s h oul s pin (count rcl w is e ) t re e copie s in a 14.4angl. d e ock h e Sadl Blnde r doe s not acce pt de cim al h e re ! So w e w ils pin t e m y e s l h 15 copie s al a 72angl. (F 4.1). Now Se lct t e t h , and ong e ig. e h oot SpinD up it by 5 t e s by 72 You w ilh av an e xt copy ofit (F im . l e ra ig. 4.2), w h ich you s h oul de lt . Now re m ov doubls . d e e e e

To h av t e e h ge ars s pin prope rl you y w ilne e d t l o s e t up f w e t ings , but h f t s ince t o irs , w ge ars onl is y re al a s ad l y m ode ls e lct , e Rot e t e ge ar 36cl w is e , t h av it s ym m e t at h ock o e rical pl d w it l ace y h bot ge ars , h re s pe ct t t e xz pl . Now e xt o h ane rude s om e v rt s f e ice rom t e inne r h dupl e icat part (F 5.1 and 5.2) and e xt ig. rude it t ards t e out r ring, m e rge ow h e t e m and h s om e v rt s w h e re ne e de d. It is al a good ide a t us e t e Be v l m ov t e copie s s o t at t e ne w Ge ar is coaxial e ice so o h e e h h h and be ne at t e h h s cript t m ak e t is arm nice r. o h original pinion (F 7). Giv t e dupl e s s m art nam e s , l e ig. e h icat ik Ge arB and P inionB Be v ry care f , t e P . e ul h inion and t e Ge arB h obj ct e s m us t h av e s am e x and y l ion, ocat and an of s e t on z. f

Now you onl h av t SpinD up on 2884 copie s and re m ov y e o e doubls ! You m igh t w is h t s cal t e inne r part a lte al z onl e o e h it l ong y t m ak e t e ge ar ls s fat D o s om e t ing s im il w it t e pinion t o h e l. h ar h h oo.

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W ORK S H OP 3D

Using BM G - script

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lt os !) Now s w it t t e L P ch o h ink ane lAdd t re e l s h e re w it t e Add . h ine h h but on. Th e ne w l s appe aring cont t ine ain inf orm at ion on w h ich ge ar is conne ct d t w h ich ot e r. Th e f t col n in e ach l cont e o h irs um ine ains t e driv h ing ge ar, t e s e cond col n t e driv n ge ar. Th e t ird h um h e h col n s pe cif t e l t um y h ink ype , w h ich can be a m e s h k ind ofl , in ink w h ich t e pinion rot e s in t e oppos it dire ct h at h e ion w it re s pe ct t h o ge ar and t e s pe e d is giv n by t e ge ar s pe e d m odif d by t e t h h e h ie h oot num be r rat F coaxial ars , t at is , f ge ars not m e s h ing but io. or ge h or rat e r m ount d on t e s am e axis t e l t h e h h ink ype is f d be caus e t e ixe h rot ion s pe e d is t e s am e . In rare cas e s , w it crow ns and h e l at h h ical ge ars , t e s pe e d m igh t s t l in t e t h num be r rat but not in h ilbe h oot io t e oppos it dire ct h e ion. F t e s e cas e s t e Inv s h opt or h h Me ion e xis t . s In our e xam pl in t e f t l w e w ils t e t at Ge ar is t e driv r, e h irs ine l at h h e P inion is t e driv n and t e l is ofm e s h t h e h ink ype . O n t e s e cond h l P ine inion is now t e driv r, Ge arB is t e driv n and t e l t h e h e h ink ype is f d s ince t e y are rigidl bound. At l t t ird l s t e s t at ixe h y as , h ine at h Ge arB is t e driv r t P h e o inionB in a m e s h t ype l . ink Th e L s dat ink abas e de f s a cons e q ue nt s e rie s ofact ine ial ions . Ifa driv r ge ar is rot e d it rot ion propagat s t it driv n pinions e at s at e o s e and f rom t e s e t t e ir ow n driv n ge ars and s o on. To f it e h o h e acilat m aint nance t e t o s m albut ons on t e righ t al s ch anging e h w l t h l ow l s orde r. ink

Now add an e m pt f e ach ge ar, l e d in t e ge ar ce nt r, w it y or ocat h e h t e z axis point h ing in t e dire ct h ion oft e ge ar rot ional h at axis , t e n h pare nt ge ars t e m pt s . Giv t e m m at ing nam e s (F 8). o ie e h ch ig. Th is is ne ce s s ary be caus e t e s pinning s cript (BMGs ) w ilh andl h l e rot ions f t e ge ar as re l iv t t e z axis . Ift e ge ars are t be at or h at e o h h o m ov d and are not l e ying on t e xy pl t is w ilre s ul in odd h ane h l t s be h av ior. By pare nt ing ge ars t e m pt s o ie and by m ov ing/ at rot ing onl t e e m pt s y h ie f rom now on ne v r t e ge ars e h t e anim at h ion w ilbe h av l e prope rl y. Now l aunch t e BMGs s cript It is an Anim at h . ion cl s s cript It w il as . l pre s e nt q uit an e m pt int rf , w it j t an Add but on. P s s it e y e ace h us t re f our t e s and f im our l s w ilappe ar. In t e s e l f t col n ine l h ine irs um

O nce t e l s h ink dat abas e is done (Fig 9 .2) w e are done . You s h oul now pre s s t e d h Ge ne rat but on. Th is e t cre at s a ne w s cript e , pre s e nt a Ge ar O bj ct nam e . F l ar in t e f t and P s e ilGe h irs inion in nam e d D riv rSL(Fig. e t e s e cond, Ge arB in t e t ird, P h h h inionB in t e f h ourt . Se cond h 10). Th is ne w s cript is col n s pe cif s t e t e t num be r. Ge ar and Ge arB h av 25, um ie h e h e s t d in t e .blnd ore h e P inion and P inionB h av 12. Th is com plt s our ge ars dat e e e abas e f e and w ilnot be l t il l os (F 9 .1). Th e ge ars dat ig. abas e h ol inf on w h ich obj ct in your ds o e s w h e n e xit ing Blnde r e s ce ne is re al a ge ar and s h oul be s pinne d. You can Sav and L l y d e oad (You m us t h av s av d e e dat abas e t f o/rom dis k , t e s cript ge ne rat s XMLf e s . You are h e il your f e , of cours e ). il adv e d t do s o be caus e t e dat is o h abas e s w ilbe l t w h e n you q uit l os blnde r (Th e aut at l ge ne rat d s cript f s pinning w ilnot be e om ical y e or l

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To com plt t e s e t e e h -up go t Script cont xt in t e But ons W indow o e h t and add a Sce ne Script l on F ink ram e Ch ange d e v nt P D riv rSLas e . ut e l e d s cript (F 11) ink ig. L t s Go! e Now w e re al t e re ! F t m ak e a q uick F re l h y irs ram e 1 t F o ram e 2 and back s w it . Ifs om e ge ars are not at 0 rot ion t e y w ilre v rt t it ch at h l e o (In t is cas e our pinions ) h and you m igh t h av t e o rot e t e ir e m pt s (not at h ie t e ge ars t e m s e le s !!) t h h v o re cov r a prope r m ut e ual m e s h ing be t e e n ge ars . w F 11 t ing t e Script ig. Se t h L . ink Now s e lct t e driv e h ing ge ar, in our e xam pl e Ge ar And add t it a non. o cons t ant rot ion IP on at O

W e bograph y
[1]h t p:/w w w .bos t t / onge ar.com / / ar_t e ory.pdf pdf ge h [2]h t p:/proj ct .blnde r.org/ ie w cv / ie w cv .cgi/ t BM G/ Gt / e s e v s v s bs ar/ BM 0.0.2.pdf cv root ? s =bs t ar [3] t p:/proj ct .blnde r.org/ ie w cv / ie w cv .cgi/ t BM G/ cv roo h t / e s e v s v s bs ar/ ? s t =bs t ar

Rot (onl on Rot ). Z y Z

F 11 t ing t e IP . ig. Se t h O Now pre s s AL T-A. Th e driv r Ge ar w ils t t rot e , and t e P e l art o at h inion and alot e r ge ars w ilf l w it a corre ct m at ing v l y! l h lol ow h ch e ocit Concl ions us By St f e ano Se l ri l e

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Pl l inte rse ction ane ine

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s ide and f ront v w in ort ograph ic m ode . Be f ie h ore s t ing, lt t e art e s ak a l on t e Snap m e nu (Sh if + S k e ys ). O n t at m e nu, w it t e ook h t h h h Curs or t Se lct o e ion opt ion w e can pl t e curs or on a v rt ace h e ice pre v ious l s e lct d. Th e n, ifyou y e e put your piv in curs or m ode ot (P riod Ke y), t at v rt w ilbe e h e ice l t e piv f s cal and rot ing h ot or ing at ope rat ions . L t go. W e s t f e s art rom a s ingl obj ct in e dit m ode . Th at e e obj ct cons is t in a pl and a l e ane ine t at int rs e ct one e ach ot e r(F h e h ig 3). F igure 3. A pl and a l t at ane ine h int rs e ct e ach ot e r. e h 1.4. In a ort o s ide v w (3 h ie Num Ke y) , s e lct an uppe r v rt e e ice oft e pl as piv . Th e n s e lct h ane ot e t e oppos it v rt oft at e dge , h e e ice h dupl e it (Sh if + D Ke y) and icat t s cal it (S k e y) unt it coincide s e il w it t e l . D o t e s am e proce s s h h ine h w it t e l e r v rt s . (F h h ow e ice ig.4). Se lct t e t o v rt s w e 'v e h w e ice e cre at d and j t e m by an e dge e oin h (F k e y). F igure 4. P e ct roj ing t e l ont h ine o t e pl . h ane

Pl l I ane- ine ntersection

By Alaro L v una Baut t is a 1.1. Th is art e de al w it t e ol P ane -l Int rs e ct icl s h h d l ine e ion e xe rcis e t at e v ry s t h e ude nt w ilf in h is D e s cript e Ge om e t pract s . lind iv ry ice W e l e v ryone k now s t at t e P ane -l Int rs e ct l e , h h l ine e ion is act l a ual y point (F 1). Th e proce s s de s cribe d in t is art e w ilh e l us t f ig. h icl l p o ind t at point a) cal at d w it Blnde r h : cul e h e m ode l e dit l ing/ ing t s ; no s cript ool b) s inv v d; w it s om e ge om e t ole c) h ric re as oning be h ind. Th e re s ul t t e re f h ore w on't be m at e m at l h ical y e xact (w e w oul ne e d t do s om e d o m at s and coding t ach ie v t at h o e h ) but q uit an ace pt e one , a v ry e abl e good approacch ing and back e d by ge om e t l ric ogic. F igure 1. Th e f ous pl -l am ane ine int rs e ct e ion. 1.2. Th e m ain purpos e ofe xe rcis e s l e t at is t bypas s curre nt and ik h o unpre dict e Blnde r boolans abl e e t s . O nce w e are abl t f t at ool e o ind h pl -l int rs e ct ane ine e ion, w e can appl y t is proce s s t a w ide range of h o s it ions w e re w e ne e d t k now uat o w h ich is t e int rs e ct h e ion be t e e n w t o obj ct oft e s ce ne . In t e cas e w e s h h be l (F ow ig.2) I'v cal at d t e e cul e h int rs e ct e ion be t e e n t e pris m a and w h t e pl , us ing t e principls h ane h e de s cribe d in t e paragraph s be l . h ow F igure 2. An appl ion oft is pract . icat h ice 1.3. Th e f t e xe rcis e cons is t on f irs s inding t e proj ct h e ion ofan obj ct e (l ) ont anot e r (pl ). W e 'lf t at by us ing cons e cut e l ine o h ane lind h iv y

Int re s t e ing L s ink

h h h h h h t p:/w w w .h indu.com / h e h indu/ t / t 2001/ 18/ t 10/ s orie s / 08180007.h t m t p:/e n.w ik ipe dia.org/ ik i/ e s cript e _ge om e t t / w D iv ry t p:/w w w .e ncycl dia.com / t l de s cript p t / ope h m / d1/ .as t p:/dg.v ici.cz/ dge .h t l t / idiv dg/ m t p:/ge om e t t / ria3d.250f e .com / om t t re ge r.h m t p:/w w w .igpm .rw t -aach e n.de / pue t pub/ t / h ~ z/ 269 .pdf

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t o t e s , one f t e lf e dge and ot e r f t e righ t one . Th e w im or h e t h or h s am e f t e 2nd. piv . W e j t e v rt s w e 'v cal at d by or h ot oin h e ice e cul e e dge s . F igure 8. P e ct roj ions of pl e dge s ont t e ane o h ot e r. h 1.8. As w e s e e in t e h s e q ue nce be l , w h e n ow w e ch ange t t e f o h ront v w , w e w ilprobabl ie l y ne e d t ch ange t e o h v port s h ading int s ol ie o id m ode t ge t a gras p oft e s it ion. Th e n, s cal your re s ul o h uat e t ant l s ine according w it w h at you s e e . W h e n your l s h av be e n s cald, h ine e e j t e n and t at w ilbe t e oin h h l h int rs e ct e ion be t e e n t os e w h pl s . You can ch e ck your ane re s ulby rot ing t e v w . t at h ie 1.9 . Th at it Th is t e w e 'v 's . im e h ad a bit off w it Blnde r un h e by appl ying ol principls of d e D e s cript e Ge om e t in f iv ry, act a coupl ofh undre d ye ars e ol A buch ofint re s t d! e ing l s ink about D e s cript e Ge om e t iv ry:

1.5. Th e n w e ch ange t t e ort ograph ic f o h h ront v w (1 Num Ke y). W e ie s e lct a v rt f e e ice rom t e re s ul e dge as piv and s cal t e h t ing ot e h oppos it one unt it coincide s w it t e l (F e il h h ine ig.5 i 6). Th e cl e r os your are t t e e dge s , t e m ore pre cis e t e re s ul And t at it o h h h t . h 's . Th at point w ilbe t e pl -l int rs e ct l h ane ine e ion. You can ch e ck t e h re s uloft e e xe rcis e by rot ing t e v w (MMB). t h at h ie F igure 5. F ront v w oft e re s ul l . F ie h t ing ine igure 6. Scal t e l in ing h ine te f h ront v w . ie

1.6. W e can de v l f h e r t is k ind ofge om e t re as oning t e op urt h ric o s ole m ore D e s cript e Ge om e t e xe rcis e s . In f , ifBlnde r can v iv ry act e h e l us t s ole t is s im pl principl, t e n It coul h e l us t s ole p o v h e e h d p o v any D e s cript e Ge om e t e xe rcis e , e v n t e m os t dif iculone s . iv ry e h f t Th e ne xt ch al nge w ilbe t e int rs e ct l e l h e ion be t e e n t o pl s w w ane (F ig.7). Is t at pos s ibl? h e F igure 7. Tw o pl s t at int rs e ct ane h e one e ach ot e r. h 1.7. W e s t f art rom a s ingl obj ct e e in e dit m ode . Th at obj ct cons is t in e t o pl s t at int rs e ct one e ach w ane h e ot e r (F 7). Th e n, in a ort o s ide h ig. h v w (3 Num Ke y) w e proj ct t e ie e h e dge s ofa pl ont t e ot e r as ane o h h de s cribe d in paragraph 1.4 (F ig.8). Th e lf v rt oft e uppe r e dge e t e ice h is t e 1s t piv f s cal v rt s h . ot or ing e ice

By Alaro L v una Baut t is a alarol v unab@ yah oo.e s

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Texturing and rendering th e robot

'dif us ion s h ade r' it t e care s ofh ow m uch t e s urf f ak h ace re fe ct l s l t Ne xt 'Cook Torr' is a 'Spe cul s h ade r' it de f s h ow m uch igh . ar ine s h ine s s a m at rial ilh av . You can t e t e im age 2 f re f re nce e w l e ak h or e Th is t orial ilt ach you h ow t add and as s ign m at rial t t e ut w le o e s o h h e ure m ode lIt is bas ic t int rm e diat lv lut . o e e e e t orialTh is t orial s e q ue l oft e 'O range ' t xt . . ut is t t e robot m ode l t orial o h ing ut publ h e d in t is is s ue . is h St p 3. As s igining e m ul e t xt s t t e t ipl e ure o h St p 1. As s igining m at rial t a m e s h : To as s ign a m e t rialo any e e s o e t s am e m e s h : Ke e p t e h m e s h you h av t f t s e lct it So m ak e s ure you are in 'obj ct e o irs e . e h e ad m e s h s e lct d e e m ode ' t e n s e lct t e h e ad h e h and ge t int 'Edit o m e s h . l ing at t e ook h m ode ' al e nabl so e re f re nce im age s w e can e s h ade d v w [Z ]now ie s e e t at t e h e ad h as t o h h w e h e ice col , w h it cov ring onl s e lct t e v rt s as ours e e y s h ow n in t e im age 1. h te f h ront f ace w h il orange e Now pre s s [F ]and in 9 cov ring re s t oft e part e h . t e 'L and Mat rial h ink e s F t w e w ilas s ign a irs l t (Im age 3) cl t e 'Ne w ' but on t is w ilcre at anot e r m at rial ab' ick h t h l e h e m at rialo t e h e ad. P s s e t h re f t e s e lct d v rt s . But you m us t as s ign t e s e lct d v rt s or h e e e ice h e e e ice [F t bring up t e m at rial 5] o h e or h e f . h t but ons . In t e 'Mat rialab' f t e m at rialirs t So now pre s s t e 'As s ign' but on. Now t h e t re m e m be r t e 'Mat Num be r f t e s e lct d f s . h ' or h e e ace cl 'Add Ne w ' and re nam e ick it t 'O range '. You now h av o e adde d a m at rialo t e e t h St p 4. Now ge t out ot t e 'e dit m ode ' and pre s s [F again t ge t e h 5] o m e sh . t t e m at rial t . H e re you w ils e e t at t e s e cond m at rial o h e but ons l h h e St p 2: Ch anging t e m at rial e h e prope rt s : Now w e w ilch ange t e ie l h as s ign is t e s am e as w as t e f t W e ne e d a w h it pl t h e re s o h h irs . e as ic prope rt oft e 'O range ' m at rial o t ay it l s l e a pl t F t y h e s h ook ik as ic. irs go ah e ad and cl t e 'x' in f ick h ront oft e 'O range ' Mat rialNow h e . ch ange t e 'Cols l rs ofR,G,B t 1.000, 0.600, 0.000. Th is w il h ' ide o l again add a ne w m at rial e and re nam e it t 'P as t w h it '. Ch ange o l ic e m ak e t e m at rial orange col h e of or. h ie h e e by h al rom t e h Now in t e 'Sh ade rs ' t ch ange t e 'Re f t 1.000. ch ange 'Spe c' t h ab h ' o o t e prope rt s oft e w h it m at rial pick ing t e v ue s f im age 4. 0.700 and f l 'H ard' t 130. Th e 'L be rt s h ade r is act y a inal y o am ' ual

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pos it ion t e cam e ra. To ge t in t h o t e cam e ra v w pre s s [Num pad h ie 0] H e re you can s e e t re e . h f ram e s f t one is t e 'capt irs h ure f ram e ' s e cond one is t e 's af h e f ram e ' t e t ird one is act y h h ual t e cam e ra it e l Righ t cl t e h s f . ick h out m os t f ram e and pre s s [G] grab now ifyou m ov your e m ous e you can s e e t e cam e ra h m ov s . Try t pos it e o ion t e h cam e ra as s e e n in t e im age 7. h St p 8. Now it t e t re nde r t e s ce ne . To re nde r t e s ce ne go t e s im o h h o 'Re nde r' m e nu and s e lct 'Re nde r s e t ings ' or j t pre s s [F . H e re e t us 10] e nabl t e 'Sh adow s ' but on and al e nabl t e 'O SA' but on. Now e h t so e h t t re nde r t e s ce ne j t pre s s 'F o h us 12'. You can s e e t e re nde r l e h ik im age 8. Al dont f so orge t t add a 'pl ' be l t e robot and o ane ow h s t t it s o t at it l s l e t e foor in t e im age 8. re ch h ook ik h l h

St p 5. As s igining t e pre m ade m at rialNow you k now h ow t e h e : o as s ign a ne w m at rial w h at ifyou w ant t re us e t e s am e e but o h m at rial e again. Now as you can s e e t e e ar pie ce s are oft e s am e h h orange pl t So t as s ign t e m t e orange m at rialus t s e lct as ic. o h h e j e t e m and in f h rom t e m at rialab s e lct t e 'O range ' m at rialAl h e t e h e . l t e m at rial h e you cre at are adde d t t e dropdow n l t e o h is .

Sim il y as s ign orange m at rialo ot e r pars t w h e re it is ne e de d. arl e t h Uppe r and l e r body h av t e s am e t ow e h ype ofpl t m at rial as ic e but onl t e col is re d. So cre at a ne w m at rialor it cal d 're d y h our e e f l e pl t and as s ign it t t e m as ic' o h F t e 'e ye pie ce ' and t e 'e ye gl s ' as s ign t e f l ing m at rial or h h as h ol ow e . F t e s h oe s you can as s ign t e 'W h it pl t m at rialh e s am e or h h e as ic' e t w ay. L t ning and re nde ring t e sce ne . igh e h St p 6. Adding a l p: Af e r e am t as s igning m at rial ch ange t e e s h 'v w port v w ' t t [num pad ie ie o op 7] Z oom out a lte and add . it l ([Space bar] 'Add |am p |am p') l l a ne w l t in t t e s ce ne . igh o h Mov it t t e righ t as s h ow n in e o h t e im age 8. h St p 7. Us ing a Cam e ra: Since e w e h av us e t e de f t s ce ne e h aul w e al ady h av one l p and re e am a cam e ra as s igne d. Now w e w il l

Th at w raps up t e 'Te xt h uring and re nde ring t e robot t orial av h ' ut H e f blnding! un e Gaurav Naw ani

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robo. (f 2) ig Ne xt pl your curs or at t e bot om s e ct ace h t ion of t e robo, about h e v n w it t e w h e e l. e h h s Space bar | Add | Bone . Th is w ilbe t e 'W h e e l e bone ', and w il l h Bas l be pare nt d t t e Root bone . (f 3) e o h ig. Ne xt pl your in t e m ain body s e ct ace h ion, Space bar | Add | Bone , t is w ilbe t e 'Body bone ', and w ilbe pare nt d t t e 'Root h l h l e o h bone '. [Tab]out Edit m ode and RM B on t e robo h e ad, in t e h h Edit 'but ons cl on t e 'Ce nt r Ne w ' but on, [Sh if + S]| t ick h e t t Curs or | lct Se e ion. (f 4) ig.

L t's Ge t th is Robo M ov e ing

Th is t orial s um e s you h av al ady m ode ld your robo, ut as e re e Pape ro. I h av done a f w pre l inary t k s t m ak e t is t orial e e im as o h ut e as ie r t f l ; o ol ow I as s igne d bas ic m at rial t t e s e parat part s o t at t e y are e s o h e s h h e as ie r t dis t o inguis h (if you h av al ady f l e d t e t xt e re ol ow h e uring t orialt at is f ) ut , h ine I h av alo t e s urne d of s ubs urf f now (m ak e s it e as ie r t s e e w h at f or o you are doing). (f 1) ig W it s im pl ch aract rs , s uch as our robo, you don't ne e d a l of h e e ot com pl e d m ov m e nt . In f icat e s act you coul probabl ge t aw ay d y w it j t us ing s im pl k e yf h us e ram ing of h is h e ad m ov ing f rom s ide t o s ide , and adding addit ional e yf k ram e s as h e ch ange s l ion. But ocat t e n t is w oul be a v ry s h ort t orialand rat e r unne ce s s ary h h d e ut , h as you coul f d igure t at out alby yours e l h l f . Th e f act t at Gaurav m ode ld Pape ro's h e ad as als e parat part , h e l e s pre s e nt us w it an int re s t s h e ing opt ion f giv or ing our robo an int re s t e ing act ion s e t W e are going t anim at t e e ar rings and . o e h e ar bals h oot l ing out f rom t e s ide of h is h e ad as h e rol al h l ong. s W e are going t accom pl h t is by us ing Act o is h ion Cons t raint . s Th e bas ic pre m is e of Act ion Cons t raint is s im pl. You cre at a s e e s e t of act ions once , t e n at ach t at s e t of act h t h ions t one bone o w it an Act h ion Cons t raint W h e n you rot e t e one bone , t e s e t . at h h of act ions ge t t s rigge re d. Pre t y s l t e s av r, it alo as s ure s t ick im e s t at t e act h h ion w ilbe cons is t nt t rough out your anim at l e h ion. Th is t orial as cre at d w it Blnde r 2.40 al a-2. (If you h av a ut w e h e ph e pre v ious and or pos s ibl ne w e r v rs ion, t is s h oul not be a big y e h d problm as Act e ion Cons t raint h av be e n around f q uit a s e or e aw h il.) e So lt ge t s t e d. e 's art St p 1. W e ne e d a bas ic arm at . Th e re w ilbe no IK ch ains or e ure l anyt ing f h ancy. Pl your curs or be l t e robo. Pre s s s pace bar | ace ow h Add | Arm at . ure Th is w ilbe t e 'Root bone ' and w ilbe us e d t m ov t e e nt l h l o e h ire

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de s ire d bone in l t cl 'As s ign' k e y is , ick To de lt v rt s f e e e ice rom 'V rt x Group', s e lct v rt s w ant d, e e e e ice e s crolt de s ire d bone in l t cl 'Re m ov ' k e y lo is , ick e Mak e s ure you t s t your robo in P e Mode , s e lct e ach bone and e os e rot e / at grab t e ns ure e v ryt ing is m ov o e h ing prope rl In Edit m ode , y. s e lct albone s and pre s s [Ct + N]t re cal at bone rol e l rl o cul e l (ot e rw is e you m igh t ge t s t h range re s ul ). t s

P s s [A]k e y t de s e lct al RMB re o e l , on t e Arm at h ure and Tab back int 'Edit m ode '. o Space bar | Add | Bone . Th is w ilbe l t e H e ad bone , and w ilbe h l pare nt d t t e Body bone . (f 5) e o h ig. Z oom in on t e e ar rings , pl h ace your curs or in t e f t ring, h irs Space bar | Add | Bone . Th is w ilbe l t e Ring 1.Lbone , and w ilbe h l pare nt d t t e H e ad bone . e o h P ace your curs or in t e s e cond l h ring, Space bar | Add | Bone . Th is w ilbe t e Ring 2.Lbone , and w il l h l be pare nt d t t e H e ad bone . e o h P ace your curs or in t e e ar bal l h l , Space bar | Add | Bone . Th is w ilbe l t e Earbalbone , and w ilbe pare nt d t t e H e ad bone . (f 6) h l l e o h ig. [B]k e y, drag a box t rough t e e ar ring and Earbal bone s , h h l .L [Sh if + D ]k e y t dupl e t e m , [Ct + M]k e y t m irror t e m , drag t o icat h rl o h t e m t t e ot e r s ide oft e h e ad and l t e m up w it t e e ar h o h h h ine h h h rings . (Nam e s w ilbe t e s am e , e xce pt w ile nd in 'R'.) l h l Th is com plt s your arm at . e e ure St p 2: Now w e ne e d t pare nt our robo t t e arm at . e o o h ure Tab out ofEdit m ode , pre s s [A]k e y t de s e lct e v ryt ing. o e e h Se lct (RMB + Sh if k e y) alt e robo pie ce s , t e n s e lct t e arm at e t lh h e h ure [Ct + P | rl ] Arm at ure Ch oos e 'F rom Cl e s t Bone s '. os Now com e s t e f part doubl ch e ck ing t m ak e s ure alt e part h un , e o lh s as s igne d t t e corre ct bone , no h e l f it s o lt ge t t it Th e o h p or , e 's o . s t ps w ilbe t e s am e f e ach part e l h or . Se lct part Tab int 'Edit m ode ', A k e y t de s e lct alv rt s , l e , o o e l e ice ook at t e 'V rt x Group' pane l h e e Scrolt t e corre ct bone f t e part you are ch e ck ing, cl t e lo h or h ick h 'Se lct but on. Ifalgoe s w e l t e righ t v rt s w ilt e ' t l lh , e ice lurn ye l .(f l ow ig. 7) To as s ign v rt s t 'V rt x Group', s e lct v rt s w ant d, s crolt e ice o e e e e ice e lo

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St p 3: Now w e can s t s e t ing up our act e art t ions . Spl your s cre e n int 2, w it 3d v w on one s ide and Act it o h ie ion Edit or W indow on t e ot e r (f 8) h h ig. Se lct t e Arm at , [Ct + Tab]int P e Mode (Arm at e h ure rl o os ure bone s s h oul be bl / e n de pe nding on s e lct d ue gre e ion s t us ) at Se lct t e 3 e ar bone s (Ring 1.L Ring 2.L& Earbal ), [I]k e y | ocRot e h , l .L L , t is w ilbe t e bas e point in t e act h l h h ion. Go f ard 40 f orw ram e s , [I]k e y | ocRot t is w ilbe t e e nd point in t e L , h l h h act ion. Go back 20 f ram e s Se lct t e Earbal bone , [G]k e y, w h il h ol e h l .L e ding dow n t e [Ct ] h rl , m ov t e Earbal 3 unit t t e lf . [I]k e y > > L e h l .L s o h e t ocRot . Se lct t e Ring 2.Lbone , [G k e y] w h il h ol e h , e ding dow n t e [Ct ] m ov h rl , e t e Ring 2.L1 unit t t e lf . [I]k e y > > L h o h e t ocRot (f ) . ig.9 Go back t f o ram e 1 and t s t your ne w act e ion by pre s s ing [Al+ A] t k e ys . In t e Act h ion Edit W indow , re nam e your act or ion s om e t ing re lv , h e ant l e 'Ear act ik ion', cl e t e act os h ion (cl t e [X]ne xt t t e act ick h o h ion nam e ) Add a bone abov t e h e ad (Space bar | e h Add | Bone ), nam e it 'Ear Mov r', pare nt it t t e Root bone , s o it doe s n't ge t l t w h e n m ov e o h os ing t e robo around a s ce ne . h Se lct Ring 2.Lbone and add an Act e ion Cons t raint in t e Cons t h raint pane lF l t e f l ing s e t ings t m at t e im age . (f 10) . ilin h ol ow t o ch h ig. Re pe at t e s am e f Earbal h or l .L

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1 1

Now w h e n you m ov t e Ear Mov r bone , t e Ring 2.Lbone and t e e h e h h Earbal bone w ilm ov t rough t e ir act l .L l e h h ion. (f 11) ig. At t is point you can go back t your Ear act h o ion and add in act ions f or t e righ t s ide oft e robo, s o t at bot s ide s pop out at t e s am e h h h h h t e . Af e r you h av adde d in t e ne w act im t e h ions f t e righ t s ide , don't or h f orge t t add act o ion cons t raint t t e righ t s ide Ring 2.R and s o h Earbal bone s . l .R At t is point P h ape ro is re ady t rol H e can be k e yf o l . ram e d t m ov o e acros s t e s cre e n, bum p int t ings and s h ow s urpris e (h is e ars h o h popping out ). To pract on you ow n, h e re are s om e f h e r s ugge s t ice urt ions on act ions you can add t our lte robo P o it l ape ro t giv h im a lte m ore o e it l ch aract r: e Mak e h is h e ad pop up a lte of ofh is body it l f Mak e h is body pop up a lte of oft e w h e e l e it l f h bas H av Ring 1 and Ring 2 rot e s l l back and f h w h il h e is rol e at ow y ort e l ing t rough s ce ne . h H av t e Earbals l e v r s o s l ty in and out ofrings e h l ide e igh l Mov H e ad back and f h s ide w ays as ifh e is s canning h is e ort s urroundings . H av f w it your ne w lte robo. e un h it l

By Sandra Gil rt be

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REVEW ED I
Book in re v w ie DI gital xturing & painting te
W e h av alh e ard it s aid, h undre ds of t e s , e l im t xt e uring can m ak e or bre ak your m ode l . Unf unat l I can conf ort e y irm t at f h rom pe rs onal xpe rie nce . Th e be s t m ode l t e e in h w orl w ilj t l t e re if you don prope rl d lus ay h t y t xt e ure it and a ls s e r, m e diocre one s t e ands a be t e r ch ance of dazzl v w e rs if t e t ing ie h m at rial and t xt s are t not . e s e ure op ch In your s e arch f t e ul at , pe rf ct or h t im e e t ch niq ue on t xt e e uring [if you act l f ual ind it y , be s ure t lt m e k now . ; ] you s h oul o e ) , d ch e ck out D igit Te xt al uring & Paint ing by O w e n D e m e rs . q ue s t ions , you larn h ow t dis s e ct t xt s e o e ure and t e n re cre at t e m as ne e de d f any h e h or giv n proj ct O nce you h av cov re d t e e e . e e h bas ics , t e re is a s e rie s of e igh t com plt inh e e de pt t orial s h ow ing h is t ch niq ue s . Each h ut s e t orial f ld w it f as t im age s and ut is il e h ant ic s t p by s t p ins t e e ruct ions on h ow t ach ie v o e gre at t xt s . e ure W h il no l e onge r t e ne w e s t book on t e h h m ark e t it is s t lh e m os t com pre h e ns iv , ilt e re f re nce of t xt e e ure cre at ion. Accom panying t e book is a CD f ld w it e xam pls and h il e h e e xe rcis e f e s , m ak ing t is a m us t h av book il h e on e v ry s e rious m ode lr book s h e l e e s f .

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O w e n D e m e rs h as w rit e n a one of a k ind t re f re nce t at not onl giv s you a t orough D igit Te xt e h y e h al uring & Paint ing (Pape rback ) unde rs t anding of t radit ional t e ory, but art h by O w e n D e m e rs act l s h ow s you h ow t appl t at ual y o y h Pape rback : 352 page s k now ldge t your com put r art St ing e o e . art is w it an in-de pt l at w h at act l m ak e s Publ h e r: Ne w Ride rs Pre s s ;Bk & CD -Rom h h ook ual y ion up a t xt , h e s h ow s h ow obs e rv ion and e dit (Augus t 9 , 2001) e ure at t e ak ing of t xt w e ure de t s can h e l you ail p L anguage : Engl h is cre at re al t t xt s . e is ic e ure
ISBN: 0735709 181

By ans w e ring a s e rie s of obs e rv ional at

Product D im e ns ions : 10.0 x 7.9 x 0.7 inch e s

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GAL ERI L A

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TANK Carl Pe na Cat o |NY, USA os iv Ins pirat ion: W ar I gue s s ...

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AGE O F STEAM Z s olSt f |Budape s t H ungary |St t e an , ude nt of Indus t rial e s ign D Ins pirat ion: I s aw a s im il m ach ine e xh ibit d in a nat ar e ional h is t " oric park " bas ical a h uge ope n air m us e um . , l y

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AGE O F STEAM Z s olSt f |Budape s t H ungary |St t e an , ude nt of Indus t rial e s ign D Ins pirat ion: Th is w as m y e nt t t e f t round of t e f t Blnde r W orl Cup, it re ce iv d t e m os t v e s ! Th e t ry o h irs h irs e d e h ot opic w as " Prot ype s you t ink w ilne v r be m ade " ot h l e .

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ANT Alxande r M e t |Karlruh e , Ge rm any e z s Ins pirat ion: Ins pirat ion is t e cl s ical h as confict be t e e n nat l w ure and t ch nol e ogy.

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TH E D RAGO N Carl R. Bis q ue rt |Ch il os t e Ins pirat ion: Th e Gre at Space D ragon f rom " GAIKING"anim e

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M ot orcycl e M ich ae l ao Th Ins pirat ion: I w ant d t do s om e t ing t at I w as uncom f abl w it s o I de cide d on a H onda V 1800. I am not a m ot e o h h ort e h TX orcycl e or car f anat j t anot e r com put r ge e k /graph ics art t I larne d al about m y m ode l s t e and m ode l in ge ne ralI ic, us h e is . e ot l ing yl l ing . aim e d f m e ch anical h e nt y and f e d not ing. H undre ds of obj ct (incl or aut icit ak h e s uding indiv idual cre w s , nut , and w as h e rs ) and s s m il l ions of pol ygons .

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O PERATO R D on Kim |Pot ac, M aryl om and. USA Ins pirat ion: Th e ge ne ral pirat ins ion cam e f rom s e v ral ace s . Th e re are t e pl ouch e s of H al t e Unre al o, h univ rs e , and ot e r e h s cie nce f ion gam e s . Th e s e w e re aloriginal int nde d t be as s e t f a s h ort f m t at I w ant d t m ak e . I de cide d t ough ict l l y e o s or il h e o h t at m y s k il at t at point w e re n't e nough t do t e s t h l s h o h ory and j t . Th e bas ic pre m is e t ough w as a f uris t s ort of pos t us ice h ut ic, apocal ic w orl and t e s e w e re obj ct in a s cie nt ic m ilary re s e arch ins t l ion of s om e s ort ypt d, h e s if it al at .

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Rol and H e s s |Pit s burgh , Pe nns ylania, US. t v Tim e Inv v d: a coupl of ye ars ago, s o, l e s ix h ours a pie ce ? ole e ik Ins pirat ion: None .

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M e ch Gabrie l l |Qube c Canada Be oin Ins pirat ion: M e ch W arrior 4

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Pol icarpov I-16 Alaro v

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Alaro L v una Baut t w as born in 19 72. is a H e is an Arch it ct e ural raf s m an and curre nt y re s ide s and w ork s in Spain. H is f orit h obbie s D t l av e are re ading and blnding. e

Gaurav Naw ani is a graph ics art t at IronCode Sof w are . is t H e is an ope n s ource e nt uis as t and l e s w rit h ov ing art e s as a f e l icl re ance r. Apart f rom h is us ual h abbit of ph ot s ograph y and t e l h e dabbls w it cook ing ; rav ing e h )

H i, m y nam e is Sandra Gil rt (ak a dre am s gat ). I h av be e n us ing blnde r f a lt e ov r be , e e e or it l e f e ye ars . I curre nt y l e in Nam pa, Idah o, USA and w ork as a graph ic de s igne r f a s m al iv l iv or l print s h op. I m arrie d and h av 2 ch il n, w h ich lav s not ne ar e nough t e f f e ding m y m e dre e e im or e grow ing blnde r obs e s s ion. Ye t s om e h ow I al ays m anage t f e w o ind t e t e t e xpl ne w h im o ore f at s , k e e p up on t e l e s t ne w s and s t ne w blnde r proj ct . Som e of t e m I act l e ure h at art e e s h ual y e v n m anage t f h . e o inis

St f e ano <S68> Se l ri, w as born in V l e iare ggio (L It y on 19 68. H e m e t Blnde r in 2000, by re ading of U), al e v 1.72 on a com put r m agazine but it w as onl in 2001 and v 2.23 t at Blnde r be gan t e at a l of . e y . h e o ot h is t e . H e us e s Blnde r m ainl f art t s t l (at las t h e be l v s s o) and, t a ls s e r e xt nt f im e y or is ic il s e ie e o e e , or anim at ion. H e w as aw arde d t e Suzanne Aw ard 2003 f Be s t Art H e alo produce s and m aint h or . s ains s e v ral cript , m ainl conce iv d as m ode l and anim at e s s y e ing ion aid. Th e s e can be f ound in t e bs t h ar re pos it ory of t e ce nt Blnde r CV s e rv r (cv .blnde r.org). h ral e S e s e H e is alo inv v d in t e adm inis t ion of e l iun, s ince 2002 and, s ince t e n h e is alo de e pl s ole h rat Ys h s y inv v d in Blnde r Foundat ole e ion, organizing and coordinat ing Blnde r docum e nt ion board e f ort at e at f s m aint aining Blnde r docum e nt ion, as w e las act e l w rit e at l iv y ing.

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Av abl in J ail e an2006 Th e m e : 'Anim at ion'

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D ISCL ER AM blnde rart e .org doe s not t e any re s pons ibily bot e xpre s s e d or im pl d f t e m at rial ak it h ie or h e and it nat , or s ure accuracy of t e inf h orm at ion w h ich is publ h e d in t is PD F m agazine . Alt e m at rial pre s e nt in t is PD F is h lh e s h m agazine h av be e n produce d w it t e e xpre s s e d pe rm is s ion of t e re s pe ct e aut ors . blnde rart e h h h iv h e .org and t e cont h ribut ors dis cl alw arrant s , e xpre s s e d or im pl d, incl aim l ie ie uding, but not l it d t im pl d w arrant s im e o, ie ie of m e rch ant abily or f ne s s f a part ar purpos e . Alim age s and m at rial pre s e nt in t is docum e nt are it it or icul l e s h print d/ print d w it e xpre s s e d pe rm is s ion f e re e h rom t e aut ors . h h Th is PD F m agazine is arch iv d and av abl f e ail e rom t e blnde rart h e .org w e bs it . Th e blnde rart m agazine is e e m ade av abl unde r Cre at e Com m ons 'At ribut ail e iv t ion-NoD e riv 2.5' l ns e . s ice

Th e CC l ns e is av abl at h t p:/ cre at e com m ons .org/ice ns e s / ice ail e t / iv l by-nd/ 2.5/e gal l code

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