INTERNATIONALComputer Engineering COMPUTER(IJCET), ISSN 0976 & International Journal of JOURNAL OF and Technology ENGINEERING 6367(Print), ISSN 0976

6 6375(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October-December (2012), IAEME TECHNOLOGY (IJCET)

ISSN 0976 6367(Print) ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October - December (2012), pp. 147-154 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijcet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2012): 3.9580 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com

IJCET
IAEME

GREEN HOUSE MONITORING BASED ON ZIGBEE

Ansari Md.AsifMd Riyasat1, MsVijayshree A More2, Prof.J.G.RANA3,Dr.S.A.NAVEED4
1

M.E Student, J.N.E.C, Dr.B.A.M.U Aurangabad, Aurangabad-431001, India E-mail :mdasifansari@rediffmail.com

Asso.Prof, Deptt of Electronics,J.N.E.C, Dr.B.A.M.U Aurangabad-431001, India E-mail :vijayshreemore@gmail.com

3

Prof, Deptt of Electronics,J.N.E.C, Dr.B.A.M.U Aurangabad-431001, India

Asso.Prof, Deptt of Electronics,J.N.E.C, Dr.B.A.M.U Aurangabad-431001, India E-mail :sa_naveed@rediffmail.com

ABSTRACT Cultivation method of greenhouse is that the growth of crops doesnt depend on the nature environment and keep the best of optimization of environment by artificially controlling the environment. Recent advances in communication networks havespurred interest on the definition of efficient self-configurationprotocols. Such mechanisms are particularly of interest on therapid deployment of wireless sensor networks whose nodes arecharacterized by their low computational and energy resourcesaccording to the green networking principles. making optimum growthconditions of crops in green houses in the future by storingconditions in green houses .The study shows that thedeveloped monitoring system has the following features, such assimple structure, high reliability, good extensibility and flexibleconfiguration. It can control and adjust automatically theenvironmental parameters in every greenhouse, and has projectpracticality and vendibility.The greenhousehumiture monitoring system based on ZigBee wirelesssensor networks (ZWSN) is the best solution. Theobjectives of this study are: (1) to develop ZWSNnodes for measuring the temperature and humidity ingreenhouse; (2) to program suitable software makingthe nodes sleepy without work for energy saving; and(3) to optimize network performance by setting a timedelay for each nodes. Keywords :Greenhouse,Medium Access Control (MAC),UART, wirelesssensors network(WSN), ZigBeewirelesssensor networks (ZWSN)

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International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976 6367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October-December (2012), IAEME

1. INTRODUCTION A greenhouse is a building where plants are grown. A greenhouse is a structure with different types of covering materials, like glass or plastic roof and frequently glass or plastic walls; it heats up because incoming visible solar radiation from the sun is absorbed by plants, soil, and other things inside the building. Glass is transparent to this radiation. The warmed structures and plants inside the greenhouse re-radiate this energy in the infra-red, to which glass is partly opaque, and that energy is trapped inside the glasshouse. Although there is some heat loss due to conduction, there is a net increase in energy (and therefore temperature) inside the greenhouse. Air warmed by the heat from hot interior surfaces is retained in the building by the roof and wall. These structures range in size from small sheds to very large buildings. The greenhouses are filled with equipment like screening installations, heating, cooling, and lighting and may be automatically controlled by a computer.The greenhouse is one of the typical representatives in facility agriculture. Its main advantages are offseason cultivation, high yield, and strong resistance to adverse weather and soil conditions. With the widely use of greenhouse,environment intelligent control technology is paid more and more attention in modern greenhouse. It regulates the temperature, air relative humidity and light intensity automatically so as to create the best growth condition and achieve offseason cultivation.However, due to the interactive influence among the solar radiation, indoor plants and other indoor equipments, the distribution of temperature andhumidity are significantly different in greenhouse [6-7].Climate control variables are as shown in fig 1.

Fig 1: Climate control variables ZigBee wireless sensor networks (ZWSN), a kind of short-range, low-rate wireless networking technology, solves the shortages of traditional greenhouse environment monitoring system and improves the performance of the whole system. Ithas its own radio standards, realizing the thousands of tiny sensors to achieve mutual communication with very little requirement of energy. The self-configuring and self-healing nature of ZWSN makes deployment simple and ensures reliable communications no matter how the environment changes. It also provides flexibility, allowing radio nodes and their associated controllers to be added, removed, or relocated without the need for traditional network cabling work. The greenhouse monitoring system mainlyconsisted of ZWSN system and monitoringcenter. Three types of network nodes set up the wirelesssensor networks by a self-organizing mode: gatewaynode, router node, and end device node. Among themthe end device nodes and router nodes managed thedata collection of inside greenhouse, and thenthe gathered data was sent to the gateway node, finallythe gateway node sent data to the monitoringcenter . In order to save
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International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976 6367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October-December (2012), IAEME

costs, thetree-type network topology was used. Zigbee network configuration is as shown in fig 2.

Fig 2 : Zigbee network configuration The disadvantages of wired monitoring system such as complicated arrangement, difficult maintenance and so on. Hence wireless monitoring system is developed which does not need cables, adds or reduces configuration at random .posses simple system construction. Moreover it is characterized by its low power consumption, simplicity. Therefore it proves to be of practical significance[1-3].ZigBee wireless sensor networks(ZWSN), a kind of shortrange, low-rate wirelessnetworking technology, solves the shortages oftraditional greenhouse environment monitoring systemand improves the performance of the whole system[8]. 2. ANALYSIS OF NETWORKING TECHNOLOGY ZWSN includes two types of address: 16-bitnetwork address and 64-bit physical addresses. When anetwork node joins in the network, its parent nodeassigns it a random 16-bit network address which isnt assigned to other node. Once the node has beenassigned a short address, it is no reason to give up theshort address. The address should be retained unlessit received a statement that the address conflicts withother nodes address. As is known to all, each networknode has the unique 64-bit physical addresses whichcould be identified by user conveniently. Coordinatoruses 0x0000 as its own 16-bit network address afterestablishing network. Router and end device nodeachieve communication through 16-bit network addressassigned by its parent node after successfully joiningnetwork. Node address assignment algorithm usesCskipalgorithm[9].The address assignment algorithms formula ofCskip is in (1):

Cm= child node total number of any parent node . Rm= router child nodes total number of parent node . Lm= maximum depth of network . d= real depth of device . Maximum terminal device nodes = maximum childnodes - the largest routing nodes = Cm Rm . (2) is used to calculate the address of router childnode N of the parent with depth of d. (3) is used tocalculate the address of end device child node N of theparent which depth is d. (4) is used to calculate the totalnumber of potential nodes .
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International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976 6367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October-December (2012), IAEME

The gateway node is Full Function Device (FFD)to manage the communication among all networknodes and information interaction between wirelessnetwork and administration center as a coordinator.Router node is also FFD, which could transmit andreceive both its own data and its neighbor nodesdata, and form multiple redundant paths forcommunication importantly. End device node isdesigned as Reduce Function Device (RFD) to collectdata and communicate with gateway node and routernode. RFD internal circuitry is simpler than FFD and isconducive to reducing energy consumption[10-12]. Thenetwork has the intelligence to determine the optimalrouting path, if necessary, that switch to another pathwhile the original path is disrupted. The end devicenode collects temperature and humidity data, sendingdata to gateway node directly or by jumping therouters. For power saving the end device node can beturned on and off under software control. End devicenode is expected to spend most of their time sleeping,and work only when sampling, computing, andcommunicating, in order to optimize the systemlifetime requirements. Minimizing power involvesturning off sensors, the radio, and the processor to beput into a deep sleep mode. The main function of gateway node is to set up and manage ZigBee networks as well as data transmission.When power-on gateway node searches channel and forms ZigBee network automatically, and the othernode support to join and disconnected from thenetwork. It receives instructions from monitoringcenter and retransmits them to corresponding networknodes while retransmitting sampling data fromnetwork nodes to monitoring center. End device node starts to find and join in thenetwork, in order to reduce energy consumptioncollecting data at every sampling period and enteringlow-power mode after data packet sent to gateway node.[5] . 3. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The diagram of monitoring system for environmentparameters in greenhouse is shown in figure 3. It includesevery terminal, centralized control unit. On the one hand, every terminaltakes charge of collecting temperature, humility, carbondioxide and other parameters, and transmit these parametersto centralized control unit by wireless sending modules; onthe other hand, it takes charge of carrying out the instructionssend by centralized control unit and then to adjust these parameters.Centralized control unit summarizes the datacollecting by every terminal and sends instructions to every terminal to adjust the environmentparameters of every terminal. The dynamic behaviour of the greenhouse microclimateis a combination of physical processes involvingenergy transfer (radiation and heat) and mass balance(water vapour fluxes and CO2 concentration). Theseprocesses depend on the outlet environmental conditions,structure of the greenhouse, type and state of the crop, andon the effect of the control actuators . The main waysof controlling the greenhouse climate are by using ventilationand heating to modify inside temperature and humidityconditions, shading and artificial light to change internalradiation, CO2 injection to influence photosynthesis,and fogging/misting for humidity enrichment.
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International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976 6367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October-December (2012), IAEME

Fig 3 : Block diagram of general system 4. DESIGN OF FUNCTION MODULE 4.1. Centralized control unit. Centralized control unit consists of microcontroller and radio frequency transceivers. Microcontroller as the control center, controls the transmission and receiving of radio frequency signal. 4.2. Measurement and control unit . The block diagram of every measurement and control terminal is shown in figure 4. It mainly includes data acquisition subsystems, control subsystems, wireless communication subsystems and power supply subsystem. It is mainly used to measure the temperature and humidity indoors and outdoors and carbon dioxide concentration indoors, to control heaters, exhaust fans, humidifiers and transmit these data.

Fig 4 : Diagram of measurement and control unit The controlling members of greenhouse forenvironment parameters consist of the controlling of heater,exhaust fan and humidifier. With the temperature, humidityand co2 concentration are not suitable for the growth of crops,the control unit can send out instructions to control solid state relay,then the heater, exhaust fan and humidifier are turned on bysolid state relay; Otherwise these controllers are turned out . 5. SOFTWARE The software includes data acquisition, data receiving and transmission by wireless and actionsubprogram of every terminal .Every control instruction modulesends all kinds of instruction based on the results of thecomparison of collected data and the standard value, and itwill control the controller of every terminal. 5.1. Main program. The main program of the control terminal achieves data receiving, analysis and storage of every terminal. For the data is beyondthe range of a pre-set, the main program sends controlinstructions to controlelectrical apparatus of every terminalon or off. The flow chart is followed as Figure 5.

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International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976 6367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October-December (2012), IAEME

Fig 5 :Flow chart of main program 5.2. Microcontroller subprogram. The microcontroller subprogram mainly achieves thereceiving of data from every terminal and transmission ofinstruction from control terminal, it is the connective ligament of everyterminal and thecontrol terminal . The flowchart is followed as Figure 6

Fig 6 : Flow chart of micro-controller sub program 5.3. Terminal subprogram Every terminal subprogram achieves measurement ofall kinds of parameters and transmission of it, and theperformance of all kinds of control instructions to adjust allkinds of parameters. The flowchart is followed as Figure 7.

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International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976 6367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October-December (2012), IAEME

Fig 7 Flow chart of terminal program 6. RESULTS The test results for thedeveloped system at a moment are shown in table 1.Every greenhouse can collectenvironmentaltemperature, airy humidity, concentration of CO2 indoors.The acquisition data are sent to central control unit by everyterminal controller. The data can be stored, displayed. TABLE 1 Experimental Results Green House No Temperature (oc) 1 24 2 25 7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TheAuthor would like to thank Mr.V.V.Sarvadnya, Mr.D.K.Mane (Lecturer in Govt.Polytechnic,Jintur ) for their help in LAB facility and support. 8. CONCLUSION The measurement and control system for environmentparameters in greenhouse based on zigbee communication technology is developed and initially experimented. Theexperimental results indicate that the system has somefeatures as follows: (1) It is applied to agriculture vegetable greenhouse can commendably overcome the disadvantage oftraditional measuring and controlling system in greenhouses. (2) It can be kept long distance, real time monitoring forparameter of greenhouse and the information can be obtainedof greenhouse at any time. (3) It has the advantages of notneeding cables, low power consumption, cheap cost, goodrobustness, flexible extension, convenient installing over thetraditional measurement and control system. Humidity (RH) 50 55 Concentration of CO2(ppm) 1400 1500

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International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976 6367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October-December (2012), IAEME

REFERENCES [1]Kang Weixin. Design of Charged Wireless Communication InterfaceBased on Bluetooth Technique. Heilongjiang Institute of Technology,2002 16(3):24-26. [2]Tan Liang , Hu Ji. Design of the Wireless Multi - Point TemperatureGathering System Based on nRF9E5, Journal of Hangzhou DianziUniversity, 2006,8(4):31-34. [3] Zhu Weihua. Design of Wireless Data collection System Based onSingle RF Transceiver.Nanhua University, 2003 17(2):6-9. [4] Yang shulian,Zhangyu .Wireless measurement and control system for environmental parameters in green,2010 IEEE,PP 361-365. [5] GuominHe,Xiaochenwang,Guoxingsun.Design of Green houseHumiture monitoring system based on Zigbee wireless sensor networks,2010 IEEE,PP 361-365. [6] P.K. Sharma, G.N. Tiwari, V.P.S. Sorayan, Temperaturedistribution in different zones of the micro-climate of agreenhouse a dynamic model, Energy Conversion &Management. 1999, vol. 40, pp. 35-348. [7]Carlos Ricardo Bojac , Rodrigo Gil, Alexander Cooman,Use of geostatistical and crop growth modelling to assess,computers and electronics in agriculture. 2009, vol. 65,pp219227. [8] Ruiz G L, Barreiro P, Robla J I,Performance of ZigBee-Based wireless sensor nodes for real-time monitoring offruit logistics, JURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING. 2009,vol.97, pp.405-415. [9] Chun Yao, The Research on ZigBee Problems ofApplication with a mass of Nodes, MicrocomputerInformation. January 2009, vol. 25, pp. 3-5. [10] XiaojunQiao, Xing Zhang, Cheng Wang, Dong Ren,Xiuhong He, Application of the wireless sensor networks inagriculture, Transactions of the CSAE. 2005, vol. 21, pp232234. [11] Li Li, Haixia Liu, Hui Liu, Greenhouse EnvironmentMonitoring System Based on Wireless Sensor Network,Transactions of the Chinese Society for AgriculturalMachinery. September 2009, vol. 40, pp. 228-231. [12] Guangzhao Chui, Song Jin, An AgriculturalEnvironment Monitor System Based on Wireless SensorNetwork, ommunications Technology. November 2008,vol. 41, pp. 287-289. AUTHORS BIOGRAPHY 1) Name :ANSARI MOHD ASIF MOHD RIYASAT Obtained his B.E( Electronics and tele communication ) from Government engg college Aurangabad.completed his P.G.D.B.M from Dr.Babasahebambedker college Aurangabad.Currntly pursuing M.E (Electronics ) from J.N.E.C,Aurangabad affiliated to Dr.B.A.M.U, Aurangabad.Published so many papers in national and international conferences and jounals.Currerntly working as Lecturer in ECT Deptt, Govt. Polytechnic, Jintur. 2) Name : Ms VIJAYSHREE AJAY MORE Obtained her B.E(ECT) from J.N.E.C, Aurangabad in 1989.ME in 1989 from GSTI, Indore. Currently doing her Ph.d in system authentication and person identification based on facial features from Research centre , computer Deptt,Dr.B.A.M.UAurangabad.Currently working as Associate professor in ECT Deptt ,J.N.E.C, Aurangabad.
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