Wmvare Workstation Manual

Workstation Users Manual
Workstation 6.5
Workstation Users Manual Item: EN-000041-03
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Contents
AboutThisBook
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1 IntroductionandSystemRequirements 21
ProductBenefits 21 OverviewofThisManual 22 HostSystemRequirements 23 PCHardware 23 Memory 24 Display 24 DiskDrives 24 LocalAreaNetworking 25 HostOperatingSystem 25 VirtualMachineSpecifications 29 Processor 29 ChipSet 29 BIOS 29 Memory 29 Graphics 29 IDEDrives 30 SCSIDevices 30 FloppyDrives 30 Serial(COM)Ports 30 Parallel(LPT)Ports 30 USBPorts 31 Keyboard 31 MouseandDrawingTablets 31 EthernetCard 31 Sound 31 VirtualNetworking 32 SupportedGuestOperatingSystems 32 Supportfor64BitGuestOperatingSystems 36
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2 InstallingandUpgradingVMwareWorkstation 37
InstallationPrerequisites 37 SharingaWorkstationHostwithOtherVMwareProducts 38 InstallWorkstationonaWindowsHost 39 InstallWorkstationSilently 40 UninstallWorkstationfromaWindowsHost 42 InstallWorkstationonaLinuxHost 43 InstallWorkstationonaLinuxHostUsingaBundle 43 UsingCommandLineInstallationOptionswiththeBundle InstallWorkstationonaLinuxHostUsinganRPM 45 UninstallWorkstationfromaLinuxHost 45 PreparingforanUpgrade 46 UpgradeWorkstationonaWindowsHost 47 UpgradingtoaWindowsVistaHost 48 UpgradeWorkstationonaLinuxHost 50
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3 LearningWorkstationBasics 51
StartWorkstationonaWindowsHost 51 StartWorkstationonaLinuxHost 52 OverviewoftheWorkstationWindow 52 HomePageandViews 54 ToolbarButtons 57 ViewtheSidebar 60 FavoritesListintheSidebar 61 CheckforProductUpdates 63 QuicklyCreateaVirtualMachine 63 IntroductiontoWorkstationPreferences 65 IntroductiontoVirtualMachineSettings 67 HardwareTab 67 OptionsTab 68 ClosingVirtualMachinesandExitingWorkstation 69 SetaVirtualMachinetoRunintheBackground 69 KeyboardShortcuts 70 ChangetheHotKeyCombination 71 GatheringInformationforVMwareTechnicalSupport 72 RegisterandCreateaSupportRequest 72 GatherDebuggingInformationforaVirtualMachine 73 RunningtheSupportScript 73
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Contents
4 CreatingandUpgradingaVirtualMachine 77
MethodsofCreatingVirtualMachines 78 ConfigurationOptionsfortheNewVirtualMachineWizard 78 EasyInstallFeatureforSomeGuestOperatingSystems 78 TypicalComparedtoCustomConfigurations 80 GuestOperatingSystemSelection 81 VirtualMachineLocation 81 VirtualHardwareCompatibilityLevels 82 NumberofProcessors 82 MemoryAllocation 83 NetworkConnectionType 83 SCSIAdapterTypesandDiskTypes 84 NormalandIndependentDiskModes 84 VirtualDisksandPhysicalDisks 85 DiskCapacity 85 PocketACEDiskSizeCalculatoronWindowsOnly 85 UsetheNewVirtualMachineWizard 86 InstallingaGuestOperatingSystem 87 RespondtoEasyInstallPrompts 87 InstallaGuestOperatingSystemManually 88 UseaParavirtualizedKernelinLinuxGuests 89 UpgradeaGuestOperatingSystem 90 ChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachine 91 UsinganOlderVersionVirtualMachineWithoutUpgrading 93 FilesThatMakeUpaVirtualMachine 93
5 InstallingandUsingVMwareTools 97
ComponentsofVMwareTools 97 VMwareToolsService 98 VMwareDeviceDrivers 98 VMwareUserProcess 99 VMwareToolsControlPanel 99 InstallingVMwareTools 100 ManuallyInstallVMwareToolsinaWindowsGuestOperatingSystem 100 ConfiguretheVideoDriveronOlderVersionsofWindows 101 AutomatetheInstallationofVMwareToolsinaWindowsGuest 102 InstallVMwareToolsonaLinuxGuestWithinXbyUsingtheRPM Installer 105 InstallVMwareToolsfromtheCommandLinewiththetarorRPM Installer 106 InstallVMwareToolsinaSolarisGuest 108
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InstallVMwareToolsinaFreeBSDGuest 109 InstallVMwareToolsinaNetWareVirtualMachine 111 StarttheVMwareUserProcessManuallyIfYouDoNotUseaSessionManager onUNIX 112 VMwareToolsUpdateProcess 113 HowAutomaticUpdatesOccur 113 HowYouAreNotifiedtoDoaManualUpdate 114 UseGlobalSettingstoUpdateVMwareToolsAutomatically 114 SetAutoupdateOptionsforEachVirtualMachine 115 UpdateVMwareToolsinOlderWindowsVirtualMachines 115 UninstallVMwareTools 116 RepairorChangeInstalledModules 116 OpentheVMwareToolsControlPanel 117 UsetheWindowsControlPaneltoDisplaytheTaskbarIcon 117 OptionsTabSettings 118 DevicesTabSettings 119 ScriptsTabSettings 120 SharedFoldersTabInformation 120 ShrinkTabSettings 121 AboutTab 121 ConfigureVMwareToolsinaNetWareGuest 121 CustomizationstoVMwareTools 123 HowVMwareToolsScriptsAffectPowerStates 123 ExecuteCommandsAfterYouPowerOfforResetaVirtualMachine 126 PassingaStringfromtheHosttotheGuestatStartup 127 PassingInformationBetweentheGuestandAnotherProgram 129 UsetheVMwareToolsCommandLineInterface 130
6 CreatingaVirtualMachinefromaSystemImageorAnotherVirtual
Machine 131
ConversionProcessforImportingfromOtherFormats 131 VMwareConverterComparedtotheConversionWizard 133 SupportedSourceMachines 133 OperatingSystemCompatibility 134 ImportingfromVariousSources 135 SupportedDestinations 138 DesignatingaDestinationforaVirtualMachine 139
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Contents
ConversionImpactonSettings 140 MigrationIssuesCausedbyHardwareChanges 141 OpenaThirdPartyVirtualMachineorSystemImage 142 ImportaVirtualMachine,VirtualAppliance,orSystemImage
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7 GettingStartedwithVirtualMachines 145
StartingaVirtualMachine 145 StartaVirtualMachinefromtheWorkstationUserInterface 146 StartaVirtualMachineThatIsRunningintheBackground 147 StartaVirtualMachinebyUsingVMStreaming 147 VirtualMachineLocation 148 ShutDownaVirtualMachine 149 ConfigurePowerOffandResetOptionsforaVirtualMachine 149 DeleteaVirtualMachine 150 ControllingtheVirtualMachineDisplay 151 UsingUnityMode 151 UseFullScreenMode 154 ReportBatteryInformationintheGuest 157 UseQuickSwitchMode 157 UseExclusiveMode 158 UseMultipleMonitorsforOneVirtualMachine 159 UseMultipleMonitorsforMultipleVirtualMachines 161 FittingtheWorkstationConsoletotheVirtualMachineDisplay 162 WorkingwithNonstandardResolutions 163 ConfiguringVideoandSound 164 SettingScreenColorDepth 164 SupportforDirect3DGraphics 165 ConfiguringSound 167 InstallNewSoftwareinaVirtualMachine 168 DisableAccelerationIfaProgramDoesNotRun 169 UseRemovableDevicesinaVirtualMachine 169 ConfiguretheApplianceViewforaVirtualMachine 170 CreateaScreenshotofaVirtualMachine 171 CreateandPlayBackaMovieofaVirtualMachine 172 AdvancedOptionsforApplicationDevelopers 173
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8 TransferringFilesandTextBetweentheHostandGuest 175
UsingDragandDrop 175 EnableorDisableDragandDrop 176 UsingCopyandPaste 176 EnableorDisableCopyandPaste 177 UsingSharedFolders 177 SetUpSharedFolders 178 EnablingandDisablingSharedFolders 180 ViewingaSharedFolder 181 PermissionsandFolderMountingforSharedFoldersonLinuxGuests 182 UsingaMappedDriveforWindowsOnly 184 MapaVirtualDisktoaDriveontheHost 185 DisconnecttheHostfromtheVirtualDisk 186
9 PreservingtheStateofaVirtualMachine 187
UsingtheSuspendandResumeFeatures 187 UseHardSuspendorSoftSuspend 188 SuspendorResumeaVirtualMachine 188 UsingSnapshots 189 ScenariosforUsingMultipleSnapshots 189 InformationCapturedbySnapshots 192 SnapshotConflicts 192 EnableorDisableBackgroundSnapshots 193 ExcludeaVirtualDiskfromSnapshots 193 SnapshotManagerOverview 194 TakeaSnapshot 196 RenameaSnapshotorRecording 197 RestoreanEarlierStatefromaSnapshot 197 DeleteaSnapshotoraRecording 198 TakeorReverttoaSnapshotatPowerOff 199 SnapshotsandWorkstation4VirtualMachines 199
10 Cloning,Moving,andSharingVirtualMachines 201
TheVirtualMachinesUniversalUniqueIdentifier 201 UUIDOptionsWhenYouMoveaVirtualMachine 202 SpecifyaUUIDforaVirtualMachine 202 CloningaVirtualMachine 203 TypesofClones 204 CreatingClones 205
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MovingaVirtualMachine 207 HostswithDifferentHardware 207 MoveaVirtualMachinetoaNewLocationoraNewHost 209 MovinganOlderVirtualMachine 210 MovingLinkedClones 210 SharingVirtualMachineswithOtherUsers 211 UsingVNCforRemoteConnectionstoaVirtualMachine 211 ConfigureaVirtualMachineasaVNCServer 212 UseaVNCClienttoConnecttoaVirtualMachine 213 MakeVirtualMachinesAvailableforStreamingfromaWebServer 214 SharingVirtualMachineswithVMwarePlayer 215 StartandExitVMwarePlayer 215 SettingUpVirtualMachinesforUsewithVMwarePlayer 217
11 UsingDisksandDiskDrives 219
VirtualMachineDiskStorage 219 BenefitsofUsingVirtualDisks 220 PhysicalDisks 222 VirtualDiskMaintenanceTasks 223 DefragmentVirtualDisks 223 ShrinkaVirtualDisk 224 AddingVirtualandPhysicalDiskstoaVirtualMachine 225 AddaNewVirtualDisktoaVirtualMachine 225 AddanExistingVirtualDisktoaVirtualMachine 226 RemoveaVirtualDiskfromaVirtualMachine 227 UsingPhysicalDisksinaVirtualMachine 227 AddingDVD/CDROMandFloppyDrivestoaVirtualMachine 234 AddDVDorCDDrivestoaVirtualMachine 234 AddaFloppyDrivetoaVirtualMachine 236 ConnectaCDROM,DVD,orFloppyDrivetoanImageFile 236 UsingVMwareVirtualDiskManager 237 UsingDualBootComputerswithVirtualMachines 238 LegacyVirtualDisks 238
12 RecordingandReplayingVirtualMachineActivity 239
UsesoftheRecord/ReplayFeature 239 PhysicalandVirtualHardwareRequirements 240 ConfigureRecord/ReplayforaVirtualMachine 242 RecordControlDialogBoxFeatures 243 ReplayControlDialogBoxFeatures 244
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MakeaRecording 245 ReplayaRecording 246 BrowseaRecording 247 CreateanExecutionTraceFileofaRecording 248 MaintenanceTasksforUsingRecordings 248 DeleteaRecording 248 DisablePeriodicScreenshots 249
13 ConfiguringTeams 251
BenefitsofUsingTeams 251 ManagingTeams 252 CreateaTeam 252 OpenaTeamandAddIttotheFavoritesList 254 RenameaTeam 254 PowerOfforCloseaTeam 255 DeleteaTeam 255 SummaryandConsoleViewsforTeamsandTheirVirtualMachines 256 ManagingtheMembersofaTeam 257 AddaVirtualMachinetoaTeam 257 RemoveaVirtualMachinefromaTeam 258 SpecifytheStartupSequenceforaTeam 258 PowerOperationsforTeamsandTheirMembers 259 PowerOnaTeam 259 SuspendorResumeaTeam 260 PerformPowerOperationsonOneTeamMember 260 WorkingwithTeamNetworks 260 LANSegmentRequirementsRegardingIPAddresses 261 CreateaTeamLANSegment 261 ConfigureLANSegments 262 AddorRemoveNetworkAdapters 263 DeleteaLANSegment 263 CloningandTakingSnapshotsofTeamVirtualMachines 264
14 ConfiguringaVirtualNetwork 265
ComponentsoftheVirtualNetwork 265 VirtualSwitch 265 DHCPServer 266 NetworkAdapter 266
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Contents
CommonNetworkingConfigurations 266 BridgedNetworking 267 NetworkAddressTranslation(NAT) 269 HostOnlyNetworking 270 ExampleofaCustomNetworkingConfiguration 272 SetUpaCustomNetworkingConfiguration 273 ChangingaNetworkingConfiguration 275 FindtheNetworkTypeofaVirtualMachine 275 AddVirtualNetworkAdapters 276 ModifyExistingVirtualNetworkAdapters 276 ConfiguringBridgedNetworking 277 ConfigureVMnet0AutomaticBridgedNetworkingonaWindowsHost 277 Configurevmnet0AutomaticBridgedNetworkingonaLinuxHost 279 SettingUpaSecondAutomaticBridgedNetworkInterface 280 ChangingtheSubnetorDHCPSettingsforaVirtualNetwork 280 ChangeSubnetorDHCPSettingsonaWindowsHost 280 ChangeSubnetorDHCPSettingsonaLinuxHost 281 ConfiguringHostVirtualNetworkAdapters 282 EnableorDisableaHostVirtualAdapter 282 AddorRemoveaHostVirtualAdapter 283 SettingUpTwoSeparateHostOnlyNetworks 283
15 AdvancedVirtualNetworking 285
SelectingIPAddressesonaHostOnlyNetworkorNATConfiguration 286 HowtheSubnetNumberIsAssigned 286 DeterminingWhethertoUseDHCPorStaticallyAssignAddresses 287 DHCPConventionsforAssigningIPAddresses 287 ConfiguretheDHCPServeronaWindowsHost 288 ConfiguretheDHCPServeronaLinuxHost 288 AvoidingIPPacketLeakageinaHostOnlyNetwork 289 DisablePacketForwardingonWindowsHosts 289 InstallWindows2000AdministrativeToolstoAccessServerTools 290 DisablePacketForwardingonLinuxHosts 291 MaintainingandChangingtheMACAddressofaVirtualMachine 291 AvoidingMACAddressChanges 292 AssigntheSameMACAddresstoAnyVirtualMachineManually 292 ControllingRoutingInformationforaHostOnlyNetworkonLinux 293 PotentialIssueswithHostOnlyNetworkingonLinux 294 DHCPDontheLinuxHostDoesNotWorkAfterInstallingWorkstation 294 DHCPandDDNS 294
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ConfiguringHostOnlyVirtualMachines 295 SetUpUsingConfiguration1or2 295 SetUpUsingConfiguration3 296 CompleteConfiguringtheVirtualNetworkAdapters 296 SetUpRoutingBetweenTwoHostOnlyNetworks 297 UsingVirtualNetworkAdaptersinPromiscuousModeonaLinuxHost UsingNAT 299 HowtheNATDeviceUsestheVMnet8VirtualSwitch 300 DHCPontheNATNetwork 300 DNSontheNATNetwork 300 ExternalAccessfromtheNATNetwork 301 AdvancedNATConfiguration 302 ConfigureNATonaWindowsHost 302 CustomNATandDHCPConfigurationonaWindowsHost 302 SpecifyingConnectionsfromPortsBelow1024 303 ConfiguringNATonaLinuxHost 304 ConsiderationsforUsingNAT 306 UsingNATwithNetLogon 307 SampleLinuxnat.confFile 309 UsingSambawithWorkstation 311 AddUserstotheSambaPasswordFile 311 UsingaSambaServerforBridgedandHostOnlyNetworks 311 UseSambaWithoutNetworkAccess 312
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16 ConnectingDevices 313
UsingParallelPorts 313 AddaVirtualParallelPorttoaVirtualMachine 314 TroubleshootECRErrorsforParallelPorts 315 ConfiguringaParallelPortonaLinuxHost 315 UsingSerialPorts 318 AddaVirtualSerialPorttoaVirtualMachine 319 ChangetheInputSpeedoftheSerialConnection 321 DebuggingoveraVirtualSerialPort 321 ConfiguringKeyboardFeatures 323 UsetheEnhancedVirtualKeyboardforWindowsHosts 323 HotKeysforVirtualMachines 323 SpecifyaLanguageKeyboardMapforVNCClients 324 KeyboardMappingonaLinuxHost 326
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Contents
UsingUSBDevicesinaVirtualMachine 334 EnabletheUSB2.0ControllerforaVirtualMachine 335 AddaUSBControllertoaVirtualMachine 336 ConnectingUSBDevices 336 USBDriverInstallationonaWindowsHost 338 ReplaceUSB2.0DriversonaWindows2000Host 339 AccessandUseaUSBDeviceonaLinuxHost 339 HowDeviceControlIsSharedBetweenHostandGuest 340 DisconnectingUSBDevicesfromaVirtualMachine 341 UseSmartCardswithVirtualMachines 341 SwitchtoUsingtheVirtualSmartCardReaderonLinuxHosts 343 DisableSmartCardSharing 343 SupportforGenericSCSIDevices 344 InstallingRequiredAdaptersorDriversforSomeWindowsGuests 344 AvoidingConcurrentAccessonLinuxHosts 345 AddaGenericSCSIDevicetoaVirtualMachine 346 TroubleshootProblemsDetectingGenericSCSIDevices 347 UseTwoWayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessing 349 UseaVirtualMachineThatOriginallyHadMoreThanTwoVirtual Processors 350
17 SpecialPurposeConfigurationOptionsforWindowsHosts 351
LockingOutInterfaceFeatures 351 SetAdministrativeLockoutPreferences 352 RemovingaForgottenPassword 352 RestrictingtheUserInterface 352 EnabletheRestrictedUserInterface 353 RestricttheUserInterfaceandReturntoaSnapshot 353 DisabletheRestrictedUserInterface 354 MakingaVirtualMachineAlwaysUseFullScreenSwitchMode 355 CreateaVirtualMachineforUseinFullScreenSwitchMode 355 MovingaVirtualMachinetoaUsersComputer 356 ConfiguringHotKeysforFullScreenSwitchMode 356 UsingvmwarefullscreentoRunaVirtualMachine 361 GuestACPIS1Sleep 364
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18 LearningtheBasicsofVMwareACE 365
BenefitsofUsingVMwareACE 365 KeyFeaturesofVMwareACE 366 VMwareACETerminology 367 NetworkandDiskSpaceRequirementsfortheAdministrativeWorkstation 368 OverviewofCreatingandDeployingACEPackages 368 OverviewoftheACEUserInterface 370 TroubleshootingUsersProblems 371
19 SettingandUsingPoliciesandCustomizingVMwarePlayer 373
BenefitsofUsingPolicies 374 SetPoliciesforACEInstances 374 SettingAccessControlPolicies 375 CreateorEditanAccessControlPolicy 376 ActivationSettings 376 AuthenticationSettings 377 UsinganAuthenticationScript 378 IncludeaPowerOnandPowerOffScriptinthePackage 378 SetaRecoveryKeyforEncryptedACEInstances 380 SetActivationLimit 380 ActiveDirectoryPasswordChangeProxying 381 SettingHosttoGuestDataScriptPolicies 381 SpecifyaScriptandaCommandtoRunIt 381 SettingExpirationPolicies 383 SettingCopyProtectionPolicies 383 SettingResourceSigningPolicies 384 SettingNetworkAccessPolicies 385 BeforeYouBeginSettingHostPolicies 385 UsetheNetworkAccessWizardtoConfigureNetworkAccess 386 GuidelinesforSpecifyingZoneConditions 387 UsingtheRulesetEditortoConfigureHostandGuestAccess 390 ChangeNATSettings 392 ConfigureWhichPhysicalNetworkAdaptertoUse 393 UnderstandingtheInteractionofHostandGuestAccessFilterswithTunneling Protocols 394 UpdatingaNetworkAccessPolicy 394 SettingRemovableDevicesPolicies 394 SettingUSBDevicePolicies 394 AccessLevelsforUSBDevices 395 SetanAccessPolicyforUSBDevices 395
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Contents
SettingVirtualPrinterPolicies 396 SettingRuntimePreferencesPolicies 397 RuntimePreferencesSettings 397 EnhancedVirtualKeyboardSettings 398 ExitBehaviorSettings 399 PocketACECacheSettings 399 SettingSnapshotPolicies 400 SettingAdministratorModePolicies 401 UseAdministratorModeonanACEInstance 401 SettingKioskModePolicies 402 ChangetheKeyCombinationforExitingKioskMode 402 SettingHotFixPoliciesforStandaloneACEInstances 403 SettingthePolicyUpdateFrequencyforManagedACEInstances 403 ControlWhichACEInstancesRunonaHost 404 WritingPlugInPolicyScripts 406 ExamplesofPolicyScripts 407 CustomizingtheVMwarePlayerInterfaceonWindowsHostsOnly 411 CreateandSpecifyaSkinFile 411 CustomizingtheVMwarePlayerIcons 412 CustomizingtheTitleBarText 412 CustomizingtheRemovableDeviceDisplay 413 ShortcutKeyValues 415 SampleSkinFile 416
20 DeployingACEPackages 417
EditDeploymentSettings 417 EncryptionSettings 418 PackageLifetimeSettings 418 InstanceCustomizationonWindowsHostsOnly 419 CustomEULASettings 427 DeploymentPlatformSettings 427 ACEResourcesDirectory 428 ReviewtheConfigurationofanACEEnabledVirtualMachine 429 UsePreviewModetoTestPolicyandDeploymentSettings 429 CreatingaPackage 431 OverviewofPackageCreationandValidation 431 TurnOfftheVMwareToolsCheckforTestDeployments 432 PrerequisitesforUsingthePackagingWizards 433 UsetheNewPackageWizard 435 ViewPackagePropertiesandAddNotes 436
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PerformanEndtoEndDeploymentTest 437 DeployPackages 438
21 PocketACE 439
UseCasesforPocketACE 440 PortableDeviceRequirements 441 PoliciesandDeploymentSettingsforPocketACE 442 CreateaPocketACEPackage 442 DeployingtheACEPackageonaPortableDevice 443 UsetheGraphicalUtilitytoDeployPocketACEPackages 443 UsetheCommandLineUtilitytoDeployPocketACEPackages RunthePocketACEInstance 445
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22 InstallingACEPackages 447
InstallinganACEPackageonaWindowsHost 447 InstallanACEInstanceonaSingleWindowsHost 448 InstallinganACEPackageSilentlyonMultipleWindowsHosts 449 UninstallVMwarePlayeroranACEinstancefromaWindowsHost 450 InstallinganACEPackageonaLinuxHost 451 ManuallyInstallVMwarePlayeronaLinuxHost 451 InstalltheACEInstanceonaSingleLinuxHost 452 InstallanACEPackageSilentlyonMultipleLinuxHosts 453 PrepareaLinuxHostforRunninginKioskMode 454 UninstallVMwarePlayeroranACEInstancefromaLinuxHost 455 UpgradingACEInstancestoACE2.5 455 StartandUseanACEInstance 456 ChangeDefaultKioskModeStartupBehavior 457 UseMultipleVirtualMachinesinKioskMode 458 InstallanACEClientLicense 460 ChangetheACEClientLicense 460 QuitVMwarePlayer 460 TroubleshootingTools 461 UsingthevmwareacetoolCommandLineTool 461 RespondtoHotFixRequests 463 TroubleshootingSetupIssues 464
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Contents
A WorkstationCommandLineReference 467
StartupOptionsforWorkstationandVirtualMachines UsingStartupOptionsinaWindowsShortcut 469 467
B UsingtheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerforEclipse 471
InstallationRequirementsfortheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerEnvironment 472 HostSystemRequirements 473 EclipseRequirements 474 VirtualMachineRequirements 475 ManagingVirtualMachineLaunchConfigurations 477 UseApplicationConfigurationstoStartApplicationsinaVirtualMachine 478 UseApplicationConfigurationstoAttachtoApplicationsRunninginaVirtual Machine 479 DeleteaConfiguration 480 RunningandDebuggingApplicationsinVirtualMachines 480 StartanApplicationDebuggingSessioninaVirtualMachine 481 StartanApplicationinaVirtualMachineWithoutDebugging 481 AttachtoanApplicationRunninginaVirtualMachine 481
C UsingtheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerforVisualStudio 483
DebuggingModesoftheIntegratedVirtualDebugger 484 UsingtheRemoteDebuggingMode 485 RequirementsandRecommendationsforRemoteDebugging 486 ConfiguringtheRemoteDebuggingMode 487 ConfiguringVisualStudio 491 ConfiguringtheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerforRemoteDebugging 492 DebuggingApplicationsinVirtualMachinesUsingRemoteDebugging 496 StartaRemoteDebuggingSessioninaVirtualMachine 497 StartaSessionWithoutDebugginginaVirtualMachine 497 AttachtheDebuggertoaProcessRunninginaVirtualMachine 498 UsingtheReplayDebuggingMode 499 RequirementsandRecommendationsforReplayDebugging 499 ConfiguringtheReplayDebuggingMode 500 ConfiguretheGuestSystemforReplayDebugging 500 ConfiguringtheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerforReplayDebugging 501 DebuggingApplicationsinVirtualMachinesUsingReplayDebugging 502 CreateaRecordingofaProgramExecutionUsingVisualStudio 502 StartaReplayDebuggingSessionwithaRecordingMadebyVisual Studio 503
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UsingReverseExecution 504 StartingReverseExecution 504 StoppingReverseExecution 504 StartaReplayDebuggingSessionwithaManualRecording LimitationsofReplayDebuggingMode 505 IntegratedVirtualDebuggerEnvironment 506 IdentifytheApplicationforReplayDebugging 506 FilesMaintainedbytheIntegratedVirtualDebugger 506 TroubleshootingTips 507 ReportingBugsandViewingLogFiles 507 RemoteDebuggingTips 507 ReplayDebuggingTips 509
505
Glossary
511
Index 517
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About This Book
Thismanual,theWorkstationUsersManual,providesinformationaboutinstallingand usingVMwareWorkstation6.5.WithWorkstation,youcanconvertanexisting physicalPCintoaVMwarevirtualmachineorcreateanewvirtualmachine.Each virtualmachinerepresentsacompletePC,includingtheprocessor,memory,network connectionsandperipheralports.UseWorkstationtodothefollowing: Hostlegacyapplicationsandovercomeplatformmigrationissues. Configureandtestnewsoftwareorpatchesinanisolatedenvironment. Automatetasksforsoftwaredevelopmentandtesting. DemonstratemultitierconfigurationsonasinglePC.
Intended Audience
Thisbookisintendedforanyonewhoneedstoinstall,upgrade,oruseVMware Workstation.Workstationuserstypicallyincludepeoplewhodosoftwaredevelopment andtestingorworkwithmultipleoperatingsystemsorcomputingenvironments: softwaredevelopers,QAengineers,trainers,salespeoplewhorundemos,andanyone whowantstocreatevirtualmachines.
Document Feedback
VMwarewelcomesyoursuggestionsforimprovingourdocumentation.Ifyouhave comments,sendyourfeedbackto: docfeedback@vmware.com
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Technical Support and Education Resources

Thefollowingsectionsdescribethetechnicalsupportresourcesavailabletoyou. To accessthecurrentversionsofthisbookandotherbooks,goto: http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs
Online and Telephone Support

Useonlinesupporttosubmittechnicalsupportrequests,viewyourproductand contractinformation,andregisteryourproducts.Goto: http://www.vmware.com/support Customerswithappropriatesupportcontractsshouldusetelephonesupportforthe fastestresponseonpriority1issues.Goto: http://www.vmware.com/support/phone_support.html
Support Offerings
FindouthowVMwaresupportofferingscanhelpmeetyourbusinessneeds.Goto: http://www.vmware.com/support/services
VMware Professional Services

VMwareEducationServicescoursesofferextensivehandsonlabs,casestudy examples,andcoursematerialsdesignedtobeusedasonthejobreferencetools. Coursesareavailableonsite,intheclassroom,andliveonline.Foronsitepilot programs andimplementationbestpractices,VMwareConsultingServicesprovides offeringsto helpyouassess,plan,build,andmanageyourvirtualenvironment.To accessinformationabouteducationclasses,certificationprograms,andconsulting services,goto: http://www.vmware.com/services
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Introduction and System Requirements
VMware Workstationisadesktopsoftwarethatallowsyoutorunmultiple x86compatibledesktopandserveroperatingsystemssimultaneouslyonasinglePC, infullynetworked,portablevirtualmachineswithnorebootingorharddrive partitioningrequired.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics: ProductBenefitsonpage 21 OverviewofThisManualonpage 22 HostSystemRequirementsonpage 23 VirtualMachineSpecificationsonpage 29 SupportedGuestOperatingSystemsonpage 32
Product Benefits
Workstationisusedinthesoftwaredevelopment,qualityassurance,training,sales,and ITfields. Workstationstreamlinessoftwaredevelopmentandtesting: DevelopandtestmultipleoperatingsystemsandapplicationsonasinglePC. Connectvirtualmachinestosimulateandtestmultitierconfigurations. Usemultiplesnapshotsanddebuggingsupporttofacilitatetesting. Archivetestenvironmentsonfileserverswheretheycanbeeasilyrestoredor shared.
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WorkstationenhancesproductivityofITprofessionals: Configureandtestdesktopsandserversasvirtualmachinesbeforedeploying themtoproduction. Testnewmultitierapplications,applicationupdates,andoperatingsystem patchesonasinglePC. Hostlegacyapplicationswithinvirtualmachines,facilitatingoperatingsystem migrationsandeliminatingtheneedtoportlegacyapplications. Createavirtuallibraryofenduserconfigurationsonashareddrive. Workstationfacilitatescomputerbasedtrainingandsoftwaredemos: Packageanddeployclassroommaterialinvirtualmachines. Allowstudentstoexperimentwithmultipleoperatingsystems,applications,and toolsinsecure,isolatedvirtualmachines. Configurevirtualmachinestoundoallchangesatshutdown. Democomplexormultitierconfigurationsonasinglelaptop.
Overview of This Manual

IfyouareaveteranWorkstationuser,seetheWorkstationReleaseNotesforalistof newfeatures.Forupgradeinstructions,seePreparingforanUpgradeonpage 46. IfyouarenewtoWorkstation,thefirstchaptersofthismanualthroughChapter 7, GettingStartedwithVirtualMachines,onpage 145guideyouthroughthekey stepsforinstallingthesoftwareandprovideanintroductiontousingWorkstation. Laterchaptersprovideindepthinformationaboutthesophisticatedfeaturesof Workstation.Thesechaptersareintendedforexpertusers. Chapter 18,LearningtheBasicsofVMwareACE,onpage 365throughChapter 22, InstallingACEPackages,onpage 447describehowtousetheACEfeaturesincluded withtheversionofWorkstationthatrunsonWindowshosts.VMwareACEauthoring featuresenableyoutopackageanddeployPocketACEanddesktopvirtualmachines withencryption,restrictednetworkaccess,anddevicecontrol.
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Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements
Host System Requirements

Likephysicalcomputers,thevirtualmachinesrunningunderWorkstationperform betteriftheyhavefasterprocessorsandmorememory. Thetermshostandguestdescribephysicalandvirtualmachines: HostThephysicalcomputeronwhichyouinstalltheWorkstationsoftwareis calledthehostcomputer,anditsoperatingsystemisthehostoperatingsystem. GuestTheoperatingsystemrunninginsideavirtualmachineiscalledaguest operatingsystem. Fordefinitionsoftheseandotherspecialterms,seeGlossaryonpage 511. Hostsystemrequirementsincludethefollowingcategories: PCHardwareonpage 23 Memoryonpage 24 Displayonpage 24 DiskDrivesonpage 24 LocalAreaNetworkingonpage 25 HostOperatingSystemonpage 25
PC Hardware
Standardx86compatibleorx8664compatiblepersonalcomputer 733MHzorfasterCPUminimum Compatibleprocessorsincludethefollowing: IntelCeleron,PentiumII,PentiumIII,Pentium4,PentiumM(including computerswithCentrinomobiletechnology),Xeon(includingPrestonia), Core,andCore2processors AMDAthlon,AthlonMP,AthlonXP,Athlon64,Duron,Opteron,Turion 64, andSempron Multiprocessorsystemsaresupported. Supportfor64bitguestoperatingsystemsisavailableonlyonthefollowing versionsoftheseprocessors: RevisionDorlaterofAMDAthlon64,Opteron,Turion64,andSempron IntelPentium4,Core2,andXeonprocessorswithEM64TandIntel VirtualizationTechnology
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Memory
Youneedenoughmemorytorunthehostoperatingsystem,plusthememoryrequired foreachguestoperatingsystemandforapplicationsonthehostandguest.The minimumis512MB(2GBisrecommended).Formemoryrequirements,seeyourguest operatingsystemandapplicationdocumentation. Asofversion6.5ofWorkstation,thetotalamountofmemoryyoucanassigntoall virtualmachinesrunningonasinglehostislimitedonlybytheamountofRAMonthe host.Themaximumamountofmemoryforeachvirtualmachineis8GB.
Display
16bitor32bitdisplayadapterisrecommended.
Disk Drives
Guestoperatingsystemscanresideonphysicaldiskpartitionsorinvirtualdiskfiles.
Hard Disks
IDEandSCSIharddrivesaresupported. VMwarerecommendsatleast1GBfreediskspaceforeachguestoperatingsystem andtheapplicationsoftwareusedwithit.Ifyouuseadefaultsetup,theactualdisk spaceneedsareapproximatelythesameasthoseforinstallingandrunningthe guestoperatingsystemandapplicationsonaphysicalcomputer. 200MB(Linux)or1.5GB(Windows)freediskspaceisrequiredforbasic installation.Deletetheinstallerafterwardstoreclaimdiskspace.
Optical CD-ROM/DVD-ROM Drives

IDEandSCSIopticaldrivesaresupported. CDROMandDVDROMdrivesaresupported. ISOdiskimagefilesaresupported.
Floppy Drives
Virtualmachinescanconnecttothehostsdiskdrives.Floppydiskimagefilesarealso supported.
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Local Area Networking

YoucanuseanyEthernetcontrollerthatthehostoperatingsystemsupports. NonEthernetnetworksaresupportedbyusingbuiltinnetworkaddress translation(NAT)orusingacombinationofhostonlynetworkingplusrouting softwareonthehostoperatingsystem.
Host Operating System

VMwareWorkstationisavailableforWindowsandLinuxhostoperatingsystems. VMwareACEfeaturesareincludedonlyintheversionofWorkstationthatrunson Windowshosts. AWebbrowserisrequiredfortheWorkstationHelpsystem.
Windows Host Operating Systems

WorkstationsupportsthefollowingWindows32bitand64bithostoperatingsystems. Table 1-1. Supported Windows Host Operating Systems
Processor Type 32bit Operating System Edition WindowsVistaEnterpriseEdition,SP1 WindowsVistaBusinessEdition,SP1 WindowsVistaHomeBasicandPremiumEditions,SP1 WindowsVistaUltimateEdition,SP1,SP3 Listedversionsarealsosupportedwithnoservicepack. WindowsServer2003StandardEditionwithSP1 WindowsServer2003WebEditionwithSP1 WindowsServer2003SmallBusinessEditionwithSP1 WindowsServer2003EnterpriseEditionwithSP1 WindowsServer2003R2,SP2 WindowsXPHomeEditionwithSP2orlaterservicepack WindowsXPProfessionalwithSP2orlaterservicepack Windows2000ServerwithSP4 Windows2000ProfessionalwithSP4 Windows2000AdvancedServerwithSP4
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Table 1-1. Supported Windows Host Operating Systems (Continued)

Processor Type 64bit Operating System Edition WindowsVistaEnterpriseEdition,SP1 WindowsVistaBusinessEdition,SP1 WindowsVistaHomeBasicandPremiumEditions,SP1 WindowsVistaUltimateEdition,SP1 Listedversionsarealsosupportedwithnoservicepack. WindowsServer2003x64EditionwithSP1 WindowsServer2003x64EditionR2SP2 WindowsXPProfessionalx64EditionwithSP1orlaterservicepack
Linux Host Operating Systems

WorkstationsupportsthefollowingLinux32bitand64bitdistributionsandkernels forthehostoperatingsystems.Workstationmightnotrunonsystemsthatdonotmeet theserequirements. AsnewerLinuxkernelsanddistributionsarereleased,VMwaremodifiesandtestsits productsforstabilityandreliabilityonthosehostplatforms.VMwaremakesevery efforttoaddsupportfornewkernelsanddistributionsinatimelymanner,butuntila kernelordistributionisaddedtothefollowinglist,itsusewithVMwareproductsisnot supported.LookfornewerprebuiltmodulesintheDownloadsareaoftheVMware Website. Table 1-2. Supported Linux Host Operating Systems
Processor Type 32bit Operating System Edition AsianuxServer3 CentOS5.2 CentOS5.1 CentOS5.0 MandrivaCorporateDesktop4.0 MandrivaCorporateServer4.0 OracleEnterpriseLinux5.2 OracleEnterpriseLinux5.1 OracleEnterpriseLinux5.0
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Table 1-2. Supported Linux Host Operating Systems (Continued)

Processor Type 32bit(continued) Operating System Edition RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.2WS RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.2AS,ES RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.1WS RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.1AS,ES RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.0 RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.7 RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.6 RedHatEnterpriseLinuxWS4.5(formerlycalled4.0Update5) RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAS4.0,updates1,2,3,4 RedHatEnterpriseLinuxES4.0,updates1,2,3,4 RedHatEnterpriseLinuxWS4.0,updates1,2,3,4 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10SP1 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer9,SP1,SP2,SP3,SP4 SUSELinuxEnterpriseDesktop10,SP1,SP2 Listedversionsarealsosupportedwithnoservicepack. openSUSE10.3(experimental) openSUSE10.2(formerlyknownasSUSELinux10.2) UbuntuLinux8.04 UbuntuLinux7.10 UbuntuLinux7.04 UbuntuLinux6.10 UbuntuLinux6.06 64bit AsianuxServer3 CentOS5.2 CentOS5.1 CentOS5.0 MandrivaCorporateDesktop4.0 MandrivaCorporateServer4.0 Note:On64bitMandrivahosts,some32bitcompatibilitylibraries arerequired.Specifically,32bitglibc,X11,andlibXtst.soare required. OracleEnterpriseLinux5.2 OracleEnterpriseLinux5.1 OracleEnterpriseLinux5.0
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Table 1-2. Supported Linux Host Operating Systems (Continued)

Processor Type 64bit(continued) Operating System Edition RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.2WS RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.2AS,ES RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.1WS RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.1AS,ES RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.0 RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.7 RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.6 RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.5(formerlycalled4.0Update5) RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAS4.0,updates3,4 RedHatEnterpriseLinuxES4.0,updates3,4 RedHatEnterpriseLinuxWS4.0,updates3,4 RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAS3.0,stock2.4.21,updates2.4.2115,6,7,8 RedHatEnterpriseLinuxES3.0,stock2.4.21,updates2.4.2115,6,7,8 RedHatEnterpriseLinuxWS3.0,stock2.4.21,updates2.4.2115,6,7,8 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10,SP1 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer9,SP1,SP2,SP3,SP4 SUSELinuxEnterpriseDesktop10,SP1,SP2 Listedversionsarealsosupportedwithnoservicepack. openSUSE10.3 openSUSE10.2(formerlyknownasSUSELinux10.2) UbuntuLinux8.04 UbuntuLinux7.10 UbuntuLinux7.04 UbuntuLinux6.10 UbuntuLinux6.06 Note:On64bitUbuntu6.xhosts,some32bitcompatibilitylibraries arerequired.Specifically,32bitglibcandX11arerequired.
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Virtual Machine Specifications

ThefollowingsectionsdescribethedevicesthatWorkstationvirtualmachinessupport.
Processor
Sameprocessorasthatonhostcomputer. Onevirtualprocessoronahostwithoneormorelogicalprocessors. Twovirtualprocessors(twowayvirtualsymmetricmultiprocessing,or Virtual SMP)onahostwithatleasttwologicalprocessors. Thefollowingareconsideredtohavetwologicalprocessors: AmultiprocessorhostwithtwoormorephysicalCPUs AsingleprocessorhostwithamulticoreCPU Asingleprocessorhostwithhyperthreadingenabled SeeUseTwoWayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessingonpage 349.
Chip Set
Intel440BXbasedmotherboard NS338SIO 82093AAIOAPIC
BIOS
PhoenixBIOS4.0Release6withVESABIOS
Memory
Youcanallocateupto8GBofmemoryforavirtualmachine,dependingonhost memory. Nomaximumlimitforthetotalavailableforallvirtualmachines.
Graphics
VGAandSVGAaresupported.
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IDE Drives
Uptofourdevicesdisks,CDROMorDVDROM(DVDdrivescanbeusedto readdataDVDROMdiscs;DVDvideoisnotsupported). Harddiskscanbevirtualdisksorphysicaldisks. IDEvirtualdisksupto950GB. CDROMcanbeaphysicaldeviceoranISOimagefile.
SCSI Devices
Upto60devices. SCSIvirtualdisksupto950GB. Harddiskscanbevirtualdisksorphysicaldisks. GenericSCSIsupportallowsdevicestobeusedwithoutneedfordriversinthe hostoperatingsystem.Workswithscanners,CDROM,DVDROM,tapedrives andotherSCSIdevices. LSILogicLSI53C10xxUltra320SCSII/Ocontroller. Mylex(BusLogic)BT958compatiblehostbusadapter(requiresaddondriver fromVMwareforWindowsXPandWindowsServer2003).
Floppy Drives
Uptotwo1.44MBfloppydevices. Physicaldrivesorfloppyimagefiles.
Serial (COM) Ports

Uptofourserial(COM)ports. Outputtoserialports,WindowsorLinuxfiles,ornamedpipes.
Parallel (LPT) Ports

Uptothreebidirectionalparallel(LPT)ports. Outputtoparallelportsorhostoperatingsystemfiles.
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USB Ports
USB1.1UHCIcontroller,witha(transparent)virtualhubsothatmorethantwo devicescanbeconnected. USB2.0EHCIcontrollerthatsupportsuptosixdevices.(Usethevirtualmachine settingseditortoenableUSB2.0support.SeeEnabletheUSB2.0Controllerfora VirtualMachineonpage 335.) Supportsmostdevices,includingUSBprinters,scanners,PDAs,harddiskdrives, memorycardreaders,anddigitalcameras,aswellasstreamingdevicessuchas webcams,speakers,andmicrophones.
Keyboard
104keyWindows95/98enhanced
Mouse and Drawing Tablets

PS/2mouse Serialtabletssupported USBtabletssupported
Ethernet Card
Upto10virtualEthernetcards. AMDPCnetPCIIIcompatible. For64bitguests:IntelPro/1000MTServerAdaptercompatible.
Sound
Soundoutputandinput. EmulatesCreativeLabsSoundBlasterAudioPCI.(DoesnotsupportMIDIinputor gameportcontroller/joysticks.)
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Virtual Networking
Supportfor10virtualEthernetswitchesonMicrosoftWindowshostoperating systems.Supportfor255virtualEthernetswitchesonLinuxhosts.Threeswitches areconfiguredbydefaultforbridged,hostonly,andNATnetworking. SupportformostEthernetbasedprotocols,includingTCP/IP,NetBEUI,Microsoft Networking,Samba,NovellNetware,andNetworkFileSystem. BuiltinNATsupportsclientsoftwareusingTCP/IP,FTP,DNS,HTTP,andTelnet, includingVPNsupportforPPTPoverNAT.
Supported Guest Operating Systems

Table 13providesasimplifiedlistofguestoperatingsystemssupportedforvirtual machinesrunninginWorkstation.Forthemostrecentlist,includingdetailsabout specificoperatingsystemversions,servicepacks,andupdatessupported,seethe VMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuide,ontheVMwareWebsite.Theguide alsoprovidesnotesoninstallingthemostcommonguestoperatingsystems. Table 1-3. Guest Operating Systems
Processor Type Windows32bit Operating System Edition WindowsVistaHomeBasicandPremium WindowsVistaBusiness WindowsVistaEnterprise WindowsVistaUltimate (Aeroand3Deffectsnotyetsupported) WindowsServer2008StandardEditionwithoutHyperV WindowsServer2008DatacenterEditionwithoutHyperV WindowsServer2008EnterpriseEditionwithoutHyperV (Aeroand3Deffectsnotyetsupported) WindowsServer2003StandardEdition WindowsServer2003SmallBusinessEdition WindowsServer2003WebEdition WindowsXPProfessional WindowsXPHomeEdition WindowsPE WindowsRE
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Table 1-3. Guest Operating Systems (Continued)

Processor Type Windows32bit (continued) Operating System Edition Windows2000Professional Windows2000Server Windows2000AdvancedServer WindowsNT4.0WorkstationwithSP6 WindowsNT4.0ServerwithSP6 WindowsNT4.0TerminalServerEditionwithSP6 WindowsMe Windows98 Windows95 WindowsforWorkgroups MicrosoftMSDOS Windows64bit MSDOS WindowsVistaHomeBasicandPremium WindowsVistaBusiness WindowsVistaEnterprise WindowsVistaUltimate (Aeroand3Deffectsnotyetsupported) WindowsServer2008x64StandardEditionwithoutHyperV WindowsServer2008Datacenterx64EditionwithoutHyperV WindowsServer2008Enterprisex64EditionwithoutHyperV (Aeroand3Deffectsnotyetsupported) WindowsServer2003x64 WindowsServerx64 WindowsXPProfessionalx64 WindowsPEx64 WindowsREx64
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Processor Type Linux32bit Operating System Edition AsianuxServer CentOS MandrakeLinux MandrivaLinux MandrivaCorporateDesktop MandrivaCorporateServer NovellLinuxDesktop OracleEnterpriseLinux RedHatLinux RedHatEnterpriseLinux RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAdvancedServer(AS) RedHatEnterpriseLinuxEnterpriseServer(ES) RedHatEnterpriseLinuxWorkstation RedHatEnterpriseLinuxDesktopwithorwithouttheWorkstation Option RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAdvancedPlatformwithorwithoutthe WorkstationOption SUSELinux openSUSELinux SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer SUSELinuxEnterpriseDesktop TurbolinuxServer TurbolinuxEnterpriseServer TurbolinuxWorkstation TurbolinuxDesktop UbuntuLinux Linux64bit AsianuxServer CentOS MandrivaLinux MandrivaCorporateDesktop MandrivaCorporateServer OracleEnterpriseLinux
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Processor Type Linux64bit (continued) Operating System Edition RedHatEnterpriseLinux RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAdvancedServer(AS) RedHatEnterpriseLinuxEnterpriseServer(ES) RedHatEnterpriseLinuxWorkstation RedHatEnterpriseLinuxDesktopwithorwithouttheWorkstation Option RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAdvancedPlatformwithorwithoutthe WorkstationOption SUSELinux openSUSELinux SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer SUSELinuxEnterpriseDesktop TurbolinuxServer UbuntuLinux NovellNetWare32Bit NovellOpen EnterpriseServer 32bit FreeBSD32bit NetWare OpenEnterpriseServer32bit
FreeBSD32bit Note:IfyouuseSCSIvirtualdiskslargerthan2GBwithFreeBSD 4.04.3,theguestoperatingsystemdoesnotboot.Toworkaround thisissue,seetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuide.
FreeBSD64bit Sun32bit
FreeBSD64bit Solarisx8632bit SunJavaDesktopSystem(JDS)
Sun64bit
Solarisx8664bit
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Support for 64-Bit Guest Operating Systems

Workstationsupportsvirtualmachineswith64bitguestoperatingsystems,running onhostmachineswiththefollowingprocessors: RevisionDorlaterofAMDAthlon64,Opteron,Turion64,andSempron IntelPentium4andCore2processorswithEM64TandIntelVirtualization Technology Workstationsupportsvirtualmachineswith64bitguestoperatingsystemsonlyon hostmachinesthathaveoneofthesupported64bitprocessors.Whenyoupowerona virtualmachinewitha64bitguestoperatingsystem,Workstationperformsaninternal check.IfthehostCPUisnotasupported64bitprocessor,youcannotpoweronthe virtualmachine. VMwarealsoprovidesastandaloneutilitythatyoucanusewithoutWorkstationto performthesamecheckanddeterminewhetheryourCPUissupportedfor Workstationvirtualmachineswith64bitguestoperatingsystems.Downloadthe64bit processorcheckutilityfromthedownloadsareaoftheVMwareWebsite. Workstationsupportsvirtualmachineswith64bitguestoperatingsystemsonlyin versions5.5andlater.IfyourversionofWorkstationis5.0orearlier,upgradetoversion 6.0orlaterfor64bitguestoperatingsystemsupport.Avirtualmachinecreatedin Workstationversion5.5witha64bitoperatingsystemcannotbepoweredonor resumedinWorkstationversions5.0andearlier.
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Installing and Upgrading VMware Workstation
ThischapterdiscusseshowtoinstallWorkstationonyourLinuxorWindowshost. This chaptercontainsthefollowingtopics: InstallationPrerequisitesonpage 37 SharingaWorkstationHostwithOtherVMwareProductsonpage 38 InstallWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 39 InstallWorkstationonaLinuxHostonpage 43 PreparingforanUpgradeonpage 46 UpgradeWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 47 UpgradeWorkstationonaLinuxHostonpage 50
Installation Prerequisites
InstallingVMwareWorkstationisusuallyasimpleprocessofrunningastandard installationwizard. Beforeyouruntheinstallationprogram,besureyouhavethefollowing: AcompatiblehostVerifythatthecomputerandhostoperatingsystemmeetthe systemrequirementsforrunningWorkstation.SeeHostSystemRequirements onpage 23. WorkstationinstallationsoftwareIfyouhavethepackageddistributionof Workstation,theinstallationsoftwareisontheinstallationmediainyourpackage. Ifyouhavetheelectronicdistribution,theinstallationsoftwareisinthefileyou downloaded. WorkstationisavailableforWindowsandLinuxhostcomputers.Theinstallation filesforbothhostplatformsareincludedinthepackageddistribution.
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WorkstationorVMwareACEserialnumberYourserialnumberisonthe registrationcardinyourpackage.IfyoupurchasedWorkstationorVMwareACE online,theserialnumberissentbyemail. YourserialnumberallowsyoutouseWorkstationonlyonthehostoperating systemforwhichyoulicensedthesoftware.Forexample,ifyouhaveaserial numberforaWindowshost,youcannotrunthesoftwareonaLinuxhost. Youneedonelicenseforeachuser. TouseWorkstationonadifferenthostoperatingsystem,purchasealicenseonthe VMwareWebsite.Youcanalsoobtainanevaluationlicenseatnochargefora 30dayevaluationofthesoftware.Formoreinformation,gototheVMwareWeb site. IfyoudonotentertheWorkstationserialnumberatinstallationtime(anoption availableonaWindowshost),youarepromptedtoenteritthefirsttimeyou attempttopoweronavirtualmachine. AguestoperatingsystemAfterWorkstationisinstalled,youneedtheoperating systeminstallationCDs,DVDs,orISOimagefilestosetupaguestinavirtual machine. (Optional)EclipseorMicrosoftVisualStudioToinstalltheEclipseorVisual StudioIntegratedVirtualDebuggerpluginsincludedwithWorkstation,Eclipse orVisualStudiomustbeinstalledonthehostbeforeyouruntheWorkstation installer.IfyouinstalloneorbothoftheseprogramsafteryouinstallWorkstation, runtheWorkstationinstalleragainandselecttheModifyoptiontoinstallthe pluginsatthattime. FormoreinformationaboutsupportedversionsofVisualStudioandEclipse,see SupportedVersionsofVisualStudioonpage 486andEclipseRequirements onpage 474.
Sharing a Workstation Host with Other VMware Products

YoucannothaveVMwareWorkstationinstalledonthesamehostmachinewithanother VMwareproduct,suchasVMwareServerortheVMwareVirtualMachineConsole. TheonlyVMwareproductsthatcanshareahostmachinewithWorkstationarethe VMwareVirtualCenterclientsoftwareandVMwareConverter.Ifyouplantoinstall VMwareWorkstationonahostmachinethatalreadycontainsanotherVMware product,youmustuninstallthatproductfirst. Afteryoucompletetheprerequisitesanddeterminewhichcomputeryouwanttouse forhostingWorkstation,seetheappropriateplatformspecificinstallationtopic.
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Chapter 2 Installing and Upgrading VMware Workstation
Install Workstation on a Windows Host

Beforeyoubegin,makesureyouhavetheitemslistedinInstallationPrerequisiteson page 37.Althoughyoucanentertheserialnumberafterinstallation,VMware recommendsenteringitatinstallationtime. ThistopicdescribeshowtouseaninstallationwizardtoinstallWorkstation.Toinstead usethecommandlineinterfacetoperformasilentinstallationonmanycomputers,see InstallWorkstationSilentlyonpage 40. To install Workstation on a Windows host 1 LogintoyourMicrosoftWindowshostastheAdministratoruserorasauserwho isamemberoftheWindowsAdministratorsgroup. Loginaslocaladministrator(thatis,donotlogintothedomain,unlessyour domainaccountisalsoalocaladministrator). AlthoughanadministratormustinstallWorkstation,auserwithout administrativeprivilegescanruntheprogramafteritisinstalled. 2 FromtheStartmenu,chooseRunandspecifythepathtoeithertheCD/DVDdrive orthedownloadedinstallerfile: Ifyouareinstallingfromtheinstallationmedia,enterD:\setup.exe,where D:isthedriveletterforyourCD/DVDdrive. Ifyouareinstallingfromadownloadedfile,browsetothedirectorywhere yousavedthedownloadedinstallerfile,andruntheinstaller. ThefilenameissimilartoVMware-workstation-<xxxx-xxxx>.exe,where <xxxx-xxxx>isaseriesofnumbersrepresentingtheversionandbuild numbers. OnWindowsVista,whentheUserAccountControldialogboxpromptsyoufor permissiontoruntheinstaller,clickContinue. IfyouhaveanearlierversionofWorkstationinstalledonyoursystem,theinstaller removesthatversionbeforeinstallingthenewversion.Aftertheuninstallationis complete,youmightbepromptedtorestartyourcomputerbeforetheinstallercan installthenewversion. 3 Whenthewizardopensandfinishescomputingspacerequirements,clickNext.
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OntheSetupTypepage,selectTypicalunlessyoudonotwanttoinstallthe applicableWorkstationIDEplugins,orifyouhaveEclipseinstalledina nonstandardlocation. IfyouhaveVisualStudioorEclipseinstalled,theinstallerinstallsanintegrated virtualdebugger.Ifyoudonotwantaplugininstalled,selecttheCustomsetup, andselectnottoinstallthatcomponent. DonotattempttoinstalltheEclipseVirtualDebuggeron64bitWindowshosts. IfyouselectCustom,youcanusetheSpacebuttontofindouthowmuchdisk spaceisrequiredforeachcomponentoftheinstallation.ClickHelpfora descriptionofwhateachtypeoficoninthelistmeans.
(Optional)OntheDestinationFolderpage(fortypicalsetups)ortheCustomSetup page(forcustomsetups),ifyoudonotwantWorkstationinstalledinthedirectory thatisshown,clickChangeandspecifyadifferentdirectory. Ifyouspecifyadirectorythatdoesnotexist,theinstallercreatesitforyou. You cannotinstallWorkstationonanetworkdrive.
Followtherestofthewizardprompts.
Someinstallationsmightrequirethatyourebootyourcomputer.Whenyourestart,you donotneedtologinasauserwithAdministratorprivileges.
Install Workstation Silently

IfyouareinstallingWorkstationonseveralWindowshostcomputersanddonotwant torespondtowizardprompts,youcanusethesilentinstallationfeatureofthe MicrosoftWindowsInstaller.Thisfeatureisconvenient,forexample,inalarge enterprise. Beforeyoubegin,ensurethatthehostcomputerhasversion2.0orhigheroftheMSI runtimeengine.ThisversionoftheinstallerisavailableinversionsofWindows beginningwithWindowsXPandisavailableseparatelyfromMicrosoft.Foradditional detailsonusingtheMicrosoftWindowsInstaller,seetheMicrosoftWebsite.
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To install Workstation silently 1 Openacommandpromptandenterthefollowingcommandtosilentlyextractthe administrativeinstallationimagefromtheVMwareWorkstationinstaller:

setup.exe /a /s /v"/qn TARGETDIR=<install_temp_path>"
setup.exeisthenameoftheinstallerontheinstallationmedia.Ifyouareusinga downloadedinstaller,thefilenameissimilarto VMwareWorkstation-<xxxx>.exe,where<xxxx>isaseriesofnumbers representingtheversionandbuildnumbers. <install_temp_path>isthefullpathtothefolderwhereyouwanttostorethe administrativeinstallationimage. 2 Enterthefollowingcommandononelinetorunasilentinstallationusingmsiexec andtheadministrativeinstallationimageyouextractedinthepreviousstep:

msiexec -i "<install_temp_path>\VMware Workstation.msi" [INSTALLDIR="<path_to_program_directory>"] ADDLOCAL=ALL [REMOVE=<feature_name,feature_name>] /qn
ToinstallWorkstationinalocationotherthanthedefault,changethepaththat followsINSTALLDIR=tospecifythelocation. UsetheoptionalREMOVE=<property>toskipinstallationofcertainfeatures. The REMOVE=<property>settingcantakeoneormoreofthevalueslistedin Table 21. Table 2-1. Values for the REMOVE Property
Value Authd Network Description VMwareauthorizationservice,whichisusedtoperformtaskswhenyouare notrunningWorkstationasanAdministratoruser. Networkingcomponents,includingthevirtualbridgeandthehostadapters forhostonlynetworkingandNATnetworking.Donotremovethis componentifyouwanttouseNATorDHCP. VirtualDHCPserver. VirtualNATdevice.
DHCP NAT
Ifyouspecifymorethanonevalue,useacommatoseparatethevalues. For example,REMOVE=Authd,NAT. IfyouspecifyREMOVE=Network,theinstallerskipsinstallationofcertain networkingcomponents,includingNATandDHCP.Youdonotneedtospecify DHCPorNATseparately.
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Youcancustomizetheinstallationfurtherbyusingtheformat <property>="<value>"toaddanyoftheinstallationpropertieslistedin Table 22tothecommand.Avalueof1meanstrue.Avalueof0meansfalse.Ifyou usetheserialnumberproperty,entertheserialnumberwithhyphens (xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx).
Table 2-2. Property Values

Property DESKTOP_SHORTCUT DISABLE_AUTORUN REMOVE_LICENSE SERIALNUMBER Effect of the Property Installsashortcutonthedesktop. DisablesCDautorunonthehost. (Uninstallonly)Removesallstoredlicensesat uninstall. Enterstheserialnumber. Default Value 1 1 0
Uninstall Workstation from a Windows Host

UsetheWindowsControlPaneltouninstallWorkstation.Workstationlicenses, preferencesettings,andvirtualmachinesarenotremoved,butvirtualnetworksettings areremoved. To uninstall Workstation from a Windows host Dooneofthefollowing: OnWindowsVistahosts,gotoStart>ControlPanel>Programs> Programs and Features>UninstallaprogramanduninstallVMware Workstation. OnotherWindowshosts,usetheAdd/RemoveProgramsiteminthecontrolpanel andremoveVMwareWorkstation.
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Install Workstation on a Linux Host

Beforeyoubegin,readthefollowingnotesandmakeadjustmentstoyourhostsystem: MakesureyouhavetheitemslistedinInstallationPrerequisitesonpage 37. TherealtimeclockfunctionmustbecompiledintoyourLinuxkernel. WorkstationforLinuxrequiresthattheparallelportPCstylehardwareoption (CONFIG_PARPORT_PC)bebuiltandloadedasakernelmodule(thatis,itmust besettomwhenthekerneliscompiled). TousetheWorkstationHelpsystem,youmusthaveaWebbrowserinstalledon thehostcomputer. Theinstallationtopicdescribesaninstallationfromtheinstallationmediaincludedin theWorkstationmediakit.Ifyoudownloadedthesoftware,thestepsarethesame exceptthatyoustartfromthedirectorywhereyousavedtheinstallerfileyou downloaded,notfromtheLinuxdirectoryontheinstallationmedia.
Install Workstation on a Linux Host Using a Bundle

Thebundlebasedinstallerletsyouinstalltheproductinonestep.IftheGUIbased installerfails,runtheinstallerfilewiththe--consolecommandinyourterminal. NOTEOnRedHatEnterpriseLinux5.1hostsandpossiblysomeotherLinux distributions,thebundlebasedinstallerlaunchesacommandlinewizardratherthan aGUIwizard. VMware-Workstation-<xxxx-xxxx>.<architecture>.bundleisthenameofthe installerfile.Inthename,<xxxx-xxxx>isaseriesofnumbersthatrepresenttheversion andbuildnumbers,and<architecture>isi386or.x86_64. To install Workstation on a Linux host using a bundle 1 2 LogintoyourLinuxhostwiththeusernameyouplantousewhenrunning Workstation. Inaterminalwindow,becomeroottoperformtheinitialinstallationsteps:
su
Ifyouareinstallingfromtheinstallationmediainsteadofadownloadedfile, mounttheWorkstationinstallationmedia.
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Changedirectoriestothedirectorywheretheinstallerfileislocatedandrunthe installationfile:
sh VMware-Workstation-<xxxx-xxxx>.<architecture>.bundle
IfyouareusingtheWorkstationinstallationmedia,thisfileisintheLinux directory. 5 6 AccepttheEULAtocontinue. (Optional)Ifyouareusingthe--consoleoptionorrunningahostthatdoesnot supporttheGUIinstallationdooneofthefollowing: ToscrolltotheendoftheVIXEULA,pressspacebar. ToexittheEULAandgotothepromptDoyouagree?[yes/no],pressq. 7 8 9 (Optional)EnterthedirectorypathtotheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerforEclipse ifEclipseisinstalled. ClickInstall. OpenWorkstationtolaunchthekernelmoduleupdatertoinstallandconfigurethe kernel. SeeStartWorkstationonaLinuxHostonpage 52.
Using Command-Line Installation Options with the Bundle

YoucanalsousecommandlineinstallationoptionstoinstallWorkstationonaLinux host.Tousetheoptions,youmustbeloggedinasroot.Afterfinishingtheinstallation process,exitfromtherootaccount. Thecommoncommandlineinstallationoptionsforthebundleinstallerarethe following: --gtkOpenstheGUIbasedVMwareinstaller,whichisthedefaultoption. --regularShowstheoptionalstepsforinstallationsuchasthedirectorypath fortheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerforEclipse.Thisisthedefaultoption. --consoleLetsyouusetheterminalforinstallation. --customShowsallthedirectorypathsforthebinaryfiles,libraryfiles,manual files,documentationfiles,andinitscriptduringinstallation. --requiredOpensonlytheEULAandproceedstoinstallWorkstation. --ignore-errorsUninstallsthefilesandignoresconfigurationerrorsduring uninstall.
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Install Workstation on a Linux Host Using an RPM

TheRPMbasedVMwareinstallerdoesnothaveaGUI.YoumustinstalltheRPMusing thecommandline. To install Workstation on a Linux host using an RPM 1 2 LogintoyourLinuxhostwiththeusernameyouplantousewhenrunning Workstation. Inaterminalwindow,usethefollowingcommandtobecomerootsoyoucan performtheinitialinstallationsteps:
su
3 4 5
Ifyouareinstallingfromtheinstallationmediainsteadofadownloadedfile, mounttheWorkstationinstallationmedia. ChangetotheLinuxdirectoryontheinstallationmedia. RunRPMspecifyingtheinstallationfile:

rpm -Uhv VMware-Workstation-<xxxx>.rpm
VMware-Workstation-<xxxx>.rpm istheinstallationfile.Inplaceof<xxxx>the filenamecontainsnumbersthatcorrespondtotheversionandbuild. 6 AccepttheEULAtocontinue. ToscrolltotheendoftheVIXEULA,pressspacebar. ToexittheEULAandgotothepromptDoyouagree?[yes/no],pressq.
Uninstall Workstation from a Linux Host

WhenyouuninstallWorkstation,productlicenses,preferencesettings,andvirtual machinesarenotremoved,butvirtualnetworksettingsareremoved. To uninstall Workstation from a Linux host Dooneofthefollowing: Ifyouusedthebundleinstaller,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-uninstall
IfyouusedtheRPMinstaller,enterthefollowingcommand:
rpm -e VMware-Workstation
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Preparing for an Upgrade

WhenyouinstallanewversionofWorkstation,thepreviousversionisuninstalledbut thepreferencesyouset,licensefiles,andvirtualmachinesarenotremoved.Although youdonotdeletevirtualmachinescreatedwithanearlierversionofWorkstation, VMwarerecommendsthatyoumakebackupcopiesandpowerthemoffcompletelyin preparationfortheupgrade. VMwarerecommendsthatyoucompletethefollowingtasksbeforeupgrading: MakesureallvirtualmachinesareWorkstation4,5,or6.0.xvirtualmachines. DirectupgradesfromaWorkstation2or3virtualmachinearenotsupportedin Workstation6.0.xand6.5. IfavirtualmachinewascreatedwithaversionofWorkstationearlierthan Workstation5.5andithasasnapshot,deletethesnapshotbeforeupgrading. See DeleteaSnapshotoraRecordingonpage 198. ForupgradesfromWorkstation4,5.x,or6.0.x,ifyoubridged(mapped)virtual networkstospecificphysicalorvirtualadapters,writedownthesettingsyouused. AlthoughWorkstation6.5generallypreservesnetworksettingsduringthe upgrade,itcannotpreservebridgesettingscreatedwithWorkstation4,5.x,or 6.0.x. Ifanyvirtualmachinesaresuspended,resumethem,shutdowntheguest operatingsystem,andpowerthemoff. Ifanyvirtualmachinesarerunninginthebackground,starttheminWorkstation andpowerthemoff.SeeStartaVirtualMachineThatIsRunninginthe Backgroundonpage 147. Backupthevirtualmachinesbymakingbackupcopiesofallthefilesinthevirtual machinedirectories. Thisincludes.vmdkor.dskfiles,.vmxor.cfgfiles,and.nvram files.Depending onyourupgradepath,youmightnotbeabletorunyourvirtualmachinesunder bothWorkstation6.5andyourpreviousversionofWorkstation. YoucannowuseoneofthefollowingplatformspecifictaskstoinstallWorkstation: UpgradeWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 47 UpgradeWorkstationonaLinuxHostonpage 50
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Upgrade Workstation on a Windows Host

YoucanupgradefromWorkstationversion4,5,or6.0.xtoWorkstation6.5byrunning theVMwareWorkstation6.5installationprogram. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatyouhaveaWorkstation6.5serialnumber.Also performthetasksdescribedinPreparingforanUpgradeonpage 46. ToupgradeWorkstationandupgradethehostoperatingsystemtoWindowsVista,see UpgradingtoaWindowsVistaHostonpage 48. To upgrade Workstation on a Windows host 1 2 LogintoyourMicrosoftWindowshostastheAdministratoruserorasauserwho isamemberoftheWindowsAdministratorsgroup. LaunchtheWorkstation6.5installerfromyourdownloaddirectoryorCD/DVD drive. Workstationautomaticallyuninstallsthepreviousversionbutsavesallthe networksettingsexceptforbridgedsettingsusedtomapindividualvirtual networkstospecificphysicalorvirtualadapters. 3 Rebootyourcomputerifyouarepromptedtodoso,andloginagainasthe AdministratoruserorasauserwhoisamemberoftheWindowsAdministrators group. Followtheinstallationwizardpromptstocompletetheinstallation. Rebootyourcomputerifyouarepromptedtodoso. Youcannowloginasyounormallydo.Youdonotneedtologinasan AdministratornowthatWorkstationisinstalled. 6 Ifyouusedbridgedsettingstomapvirtualnetworkstospecificphysicalorvirtual adapters,recreatethemappings. AlthoughWorkstation6.5generallypreservesnetworksettingsduringthe upgrade,itcannotpreservemappingscreatedwithWorkstation4,5.x,or6.0.x. TouseWorkstation6.5toupgradevirtualmachines,seeChangetheVersionofa VirtualMachineonpage 91.
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Upgrading to a Windows Vista Host

Thistopicprovidesinstructionsforvariousupgradescenariosthatinvolve Windows Vista. DuringtheupgradefromWindowsXPtoWindowsVista,thelocationofvirtual machinesmightchange.TheWindowsVistaupgradeusestheregistrytomapthe virtualmachinestoanewlocationbyusingthefollowingpaths: OnWindowsXP,thedefaultvirtualmachinelocationbeforetheupgradeis C:\Documents and Settings\<user>\My Virtual Machines. OnWindowsVista,thedefaultvirtualmachinelocationaftertheupgradeis C:\Users\<user>\Documents\Virtual Machines. Aftertheupgradeiscomplete,iftheFavoriteslistinWorkstationdoesnotwork correctly,youcanremovethevirtualmachinesfromitandaddthemagain.
Upgrade Workstation 5 on Windows XP to Workstation 6.5 on Windows Vista

Aspartoftheupgrade,youmustuninstalltheWorkstation5application,butyoudo notneedtouninstallWorkstation5virtualmachines. To upgrade Workstation 5 on Windows XP to Workstation 6.5 on Windows Vista 1 2 3 4 OntheWindowsXPhost,usetheControlPanelsAdd/RemoveProgramsitemto uninstallWorkstation5.x. UpgradetheoperatingsystemtoWindowsVista,asdescribedintheMicrosoft documentation. InstallWorkstation6.5. (Optional)Toupgradethevirtualmachines,usetheChangeVersionwizardin Workstation6.5. SeeChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 91.
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Upgrade Workstation 5 on Windows Vista to Workstation 6.5 on Windows Vista

BecauseWorkstation5wasonlyexperimentallysupportedonWindowsVista,VMware recommendsmanuallyuninstallingWorkstation5.xbeforeinstallingWorkstation6.5. Aspartoftheupgrade,youmustuninstalltheWorkstation5application,butyoudo notneedtouninstallWorkstation5virtualmachines. To upgrade Workstation 5 on Windows Vista to Workstation 6.5 on Windows Vista 1 2 3 GotoStart>ControlPanel>Programs>Programs and Features>Uninstalla program. SelectVMwareWorkstationandclickUninstall. InstallWorkstation6.5. SeeInstallWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 39. 4 (Optional)Toupgradethevirtualmachines,usetheChangeVersionwizardin Workstation6.5. SeeChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 91.
Upgrade Workstation 6.x on Windows XP to Workstation 6.5 on Windows Vista

Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatyouhaveWindowsXPwithServicePack2. To upgrade Workstation 6.x from Windows XP to Windows Vista 1 2 3 4 5 LoginastheAdministratoruserorasauserwhoisamemberoftheWindows Administratorsgroup. MakesurethatWorkstationisnotrunningandthatnovirtualmachinesare runninginthebackground. UpgradethehostoperatingsystemtoWindowsVista,asdescribedinthe Microsoftdocumentation. RuntheWorkstation6.5installer. (Optional)Toupgradethevirtualmachines,usetheChangeVersionwizardin Workstation6.5. SeeChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 91.
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Upgrade Workstation on a Linux Host

YoucanupgradefromWorkstationversion4,5,or6.0.xtoversion6.5byrunningthe VMwareWorkstation6.5installationprogram. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatyouhaveaWorkstation6.5serialnumber.Youare promptedtoenterthe serialnumberafterinstallationiscomplete,thefirsttimeyou startWorkstationaftertheupgrade.AlsoperformthetasksdescribedinPreparingfor anUpgradeonpage 46. IfyoucurrentlyhaveWorkstation4,5,or6.0.xinstalledonyoursystem,theolder versionwillbeuninstalledautomaticallybeforethelatestversionofWorkstationis installed.Workstation6.5savesnetworksettingsexceptforbridgedsettingsusedto mapindividualvirtualnetworkstospecificphysicalorvirtualadapters. NOTEStartingwithWorkstation5,Sambaisnolongerautomaticallyconfigured duringinstallation. To upgrade Workstation on a Linux host 1 IfyourpreviousinstallationwasfromanRPMinstallerandyouwanttousethe RPMinstallerforWorkstation6.5,manuallyuninstallthepreviousversionof Workstation. TomanuallyuninstallWorkstation,seeUninstallWorkstationfromaLinuxHost onpage 45. Ifyoumanuallyuninstalltheolderversion,Workstationcannotsavethenetwork settings.Ifyouwanttopreservenetworksettings,donotmanuallyuninstall Workstation.Instead,usethebundleinstallerprogramratherthantheRPM installer. 2 3 RuntheWorkstationinstallerasyouwouldforanewinstallation. Ifyouusedbridgedsettingstomapvirtualnetworkstospecificphysicalorvirtual adapters,recreatethemappings. AlthoughWorkstation6.5generallypreservesnetworksettingsduringthe upgrade,itcannotpreservemappingscreatedwithWorkstation4,5.x,or6.0.x. 4 (Optional)Toupgradethevirtualmachines,usetheChangeVersionwizardin Workstation6.5. SeeChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 91.
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Learning Workstation Basics
ThischapterdiscusseslaunchingtheWorkstationprogramandintroducestheVMware Workstationwindow.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics: StartWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 51 StartWorkstationonaLinuxHostonpage 52 OverviewoftheWorkstationWindowonpage 52 CheckforProductUpdatesonpage 63 QuicklyCreateaVirtualMachineonpage 63 IntroductiontoWorkstationPreferencesonpage 65 IntroductiontoVirtualMachineSettingsonpage 67 ClosingVirtualMachinesandExitingWorkstationonpage 69 KeyboardShortcutsonpage 70 GatheringInformationforVMwareTechnicalSupportonpage 72
Start Workstation on a Windows Host

Dependingontheoptionsyouselectedduringinstallation,youmighthaveadesktop shortcut,aStartmenuitem,orbothforlaunchingWorkstation. To start Workstation on a Windows host 1 2 FromtheStartmenu,chooseStart>Programs>VMware>VMwareWorkstation. IfthisisthefirsttimeyouarelaunchingWorkstation,readandaccepttheenduser licenseagreement(EULA).
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Start Workstation on a Linux Host

WhetheryoucanstartWorkstationfromaLinuxuserinterfacedependsontheLinux distribution.Forexample,onRedHatEnterpriseLinux5.1,theVMwareWorkstation menuitemisintheApplications>SystemToolsmenu. YoucanalwaysstartWorkstationfromthecommandline.Althoughyoumustbecome roottoinstallWorkstation,youdonothavetoberoottostartandrunWorkstation. To start Workstation on a Linux host 1 2 Openaterminalwindow. Dooneofthefollowing: If/usr/binisinyourdefaultpath,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware &
If/usr/binisnotinyourdefaultpath,enterthefollowingcommand:
/usr/bin/vmware &
Readandaccepttheenduserlicenseagreement(EULA).
Overview of the Workstation Window

AWorkstationvirtualmachineislikeaseparatecomputerthatrunsinawindowon yourphysicalcomputer.However,Workstationdisplaysmorethanthescreenof anothercomputer.FromtheWorkstationwindow,youcanaccessandrunvirtual machinesandteamsofvirtualmachines.Youcanalsoswitcheasilyfromonevirtual machinetoanother.
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Chapter 3 Learning Workstation Basics
Figure 3-1. VMware Workstation Window

menus toolbar tabs
,
sidebar
home page, summary, or console view
status bar
message log
TheVMwareWorkstationwindowcontainsthefollowingsections: Homepage,summary,console,orapplianceviewMainpartofthewindowthat showsthevirtualmachines. TabsEachopenvirtualmachinehasatab.Clickatabtomakethatvirtual machineactive.ClicktheClosebuttontoclosethetab.Dependingonhowyou configureWorkstation,thevirtualmachineistheneitherpoweredofforcontinues toruninthebackground. SidebarBookmarkyourfavoritevirtualmachinesandteamsofvirtualmachines forquickaccess.Youcanalsoseewhichvirtualmachinesarepoweredon. Rightclickcontextmenusenableyoutoperformmanyoperationsonaselected virtualmachine.AnadditionalsectionofthesidebardisplaysACEManagement Servers. StatusbarDisplaysWorkstationmessagesandaniconforeachremovable device.Youcanclickorrightclickanicontodisconnectitoredititsconfiguration. MessagelogAnoteiconindicateswhetheranyunreadmessagesarepresentin themessagelogfortheselectedvirtualmachine.Iftheiconisdimmed,all messageswereread.Toopenthemessagelog,rightclicktheiconandchoose OpenMessageLog.Alternatively,fromthemenubar,chooseVM>MessageLog. Messagesincludewarninginformationaboutthevirtualmachine,suchasCould notconnecttothefloppydrive.orNobootabledevicewasdetected.Selectan iteminthemessagelogtoseealongerdescriptionofthemessage.
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Home Page and Views

Workstationdisplaysoneoffourviewsinthemainpartofthewindow:thehomepage, thesummaryview,theconsoleview,ortheapplianceview.
Home Page
ClicktheHometabtodisplaytheWorkstationhomepage.Usetheiconsonthehome pagetostartcreatinganewvirtualmachineoropenanexistingvirtualmachine. Toclosethehomepage,clicktheXtotherightofthetabsonaWindowshostortheX onthetabonaLinuxhost.Todisplaythehomepageagain,chooseView>GotoHome Tab.
Summary View
Whenyouselectatabforapoweredoffvirtualmachineorteamofmachines, Workstationdisplaysonlyasummaryoftheconfigurationinformationaboutthatitem. Workstationalsodisplaysasummaryforasuspendedvirtualmachineorteam.Click theSummarybuttoninthetoolbaratanytimetoexaminesettingsinthesummary view. Summaryviewsappearonlyforvirtualmachinesthatarecurrentlyopen.SeeStarting aVirtualMachineonpage 145.Thesummaryorconsoleviewremainsvisibleaslong asthevirtualmachineremainsopen.
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Figure 32showsanexampleofthesummaryview. Figure 3-2. Summary View for a Virtual Machine on a Windows Host
Summary View button
TheCommandssectiongivesyouaccesstothemostoftenusedcommandsfromthe VMmenu.OnWindowshosts,forACEenabledvirtualmachines,thisincludes commandsforcreatingsecuritypoliciesandvirtualmachinepackagestodeploytoend users,aswellasacommandforpreviewingtheACEenabledvirtualmachinein VMwarePlayer. ThesectionthatincludestheDevices,Options,and(sometimes)ACEandPackages tabsenablesyoutoreviewconfigurationsettingsquickly.Doubleclickanitemonthe tabtodisplaytheitemsconfigurationpanelandchangeasetting.
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Console View
Theconsoleviewforanactivevirtualmachineislikethemonitordisplayofaphysical computer. Figure 3-3. Console View on a Windows Host
Console View button
Whenavirtualmachineisactive,thenameofthevirtualmachineorteamof virtual machinesappearsinatabatthetopoftheconsole.Toswitchfromtheactive virtualmachineorteam,clickthetabofanothervirtualmachineorteam.Youcanuse theconsoletabsinthewindowmodeandalsointhequickswitchmode.
Appliance View
Ifyousetupthevirtualmachinetoactasanappliance,suchasaWebserverwitha browserbasedconsole,youcanspecifythatthedefaultviewisanapplianceview. The applianceviewgivesabriefdescriptionofthetypeofserverorappliance.Italso providesalinkthatopensthebrowseronthehostsystemandconnectstothe appliancesmanagementconsole. Theapplianceviewisavailableonlyforvirtualmachinesthatyoudesignateas appliances.SeeConfiguretheApplianceViewforaVirtualMachineonpage 170.
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Displaying Multiple Virtual Machines at the Same Time

Tosimultaneouslyviewmorethanonevirtualmachinewhentheyarenotallonthe sameteam,openmultipleWorkstationwindowsandlaunchoneormorevirtual machinesineachWorkstationwindow. Useateamofvirtualmachinestocoordinateandusemultiplevirtualmachineswithin asingleconsolewindow.SeeSummaryandConsoleViewsforTeamsandTheir VirtualMachinesonpage 256.
Toolbar Buttons
ThetoolbarareaatthetopoftheVMwareWorkstationwindowcontainsbuttonsyou canclicktopowervirtualmachinesonandoff,changetheWorkstationdisplay,manage snapshots,andrecordvirtualmachineactivity. Figure 3-4. Workstation Toolbars
Power toolbar
Snapshot toolbar
Replay toolbar
View toolbar
Figure 3-5. ACE Toolbar (Windows Hosts Only)
ACE toolbar
Ifyoupointtoatoolbarbutton,atooltipappearsanddisplaysthenameofthebutton. Tochangewhichbuttonsappear,seeCustomizetheToolbaronaWindowsHoston page 60andCustomizetheToolbaronaLinuxHostonpage 59. ThePowertoolbarcontainsthefollowingbuttons: PowerOffTurnsofftheactivevirtualmachineorteamlikethepowerbuttonon aphysicalPC.YoucanconfigureWorkstationforasoftpoweroff(calledshut down)orahardpoweroff(calledpoweroff).SeeShutDownaVirtualMachine onpage 149orPowerOfforCloseaTeamonpage 255. SuspendStopsavirtualmachineorteaminamannerthatallowsyoutoresume yourworklater.SeeUsingtheSuspendandResumeFeaturesonpage 187.
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PowerOnorResumePowersonaselectedvirtualmachineorteamthatis poweredoff,orresumesavirtualmachineorteamthatissuspended.SeeStarting aVirtualMachineonpage 145,PowerOnaTeamonpage 259,andUsingthe SuspendandResumeFeaturesonpage 187. ResetResetsavirtualmachineorteamliketheresetbuttononaphysicalPC. See ConfigurePowerOffandResetOptionsforaVirtualMachineonpage 149. TheSnapshottoolbarcontainsthefollowingbuttons: TakeSnapshotEnablesyoutosavethestateofavirtualmachineinthesame manneryoumightsaveawordprocessingdocument.Youcanreturntothatstate ifyoumakeamistakebyusingtheRevertbutton.SeeUsingSnapshotson page 189. RevertAllowsyoutoreturnavirtualmachinetotheparentstate,astate previouslypreservedbytakingasnapshot.SeeUsingSnapshotsonpage 189. ManageSnapshotsOpensthesnapshotmanager,whereyoucanviewthevirtual machinesexistingsnapshots,reverttoasnapshot,takeanewsnapshot,andmake aclonefromasnapshot.SeeSnapshotManagerOverviewonpage 194. TheViewtoolbarcontainsthefollowingbuttons: ShoworHideSidebarTogglesbetweenshowingandhidingthesidebar. See ViewtheSidebaronpage 60. QuickSwitchEnlargestheWorkstationconsoletocovertheentirehostmonitor. Consoletabsenableyoutoswitchbetweenvirtualmachinesandteamswitha singleclick.SeeUseQuickSwitchModeonpage 157. FullScreenEnlargesthevirtualmachinedisplaytocovertheentirehostmonitor. Thevirtualmachinenolongerappearsinawindow.SeeUseFullScreenMode onpage 154. UnityIntegratesyourfavoriteguestapplicationswithyourhostsdesktopsothat guestapplicationwindowslookjustlikehostapplicationwindows,butwith colorcodedborders.SeeUsingUnityModeonpage 151. SummaryViewDisplaysthesummaryview.SeeSummaryViewonpage 54. ApplianceViewDisplaystheapplianceview.SeeApplianceViewonpage 56. ConsoleViewDisplaystheconsoleview.SeeConsoleViewonpage 56.
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TheReplaytoolbarcontainsthefollowingbuttons: ReplayLastRecordingPlaysthelastrecordingmadeforthisvirtualmachine. RecordBeginsrecordingtheactivityofthisvirtualmachine. Forinformationabouttherecord/replayfeature,seeChapter 12,Recordingand ReplayingVirtualMachineActivity,onpage 239. TheACEtoolbar,whichisavailableonWindowshostsonly,containsthefollowing buttons: EditPoliciesOpensthepolicyeditor. EditDeploymentSettingsOpensthedeploymentsettingseditor. CreateNewPackageOpenstheNewPackagewizard. CreatePocketACEPackageOpensthePocketACEPackagewizard. PreviewinPlayerAllowsyoutorunanACEinstanceasitwillrunontheusers machine.Usingpreviewmodealsoallowsyoutoviewtheeffectsofchanged policiesastheywillappearontheusersmachine. SeeChapter 18,LearningtheBasicsofVMwareACE,onpage 365.
Customize the Toolbar on a Linux Host

YoucancustomizetheWorkstationtoolbarbyadding,removing,andrearranging toolbarbuttons.OnaLinuxhost,allthebuttonsarecontainedinasingletoolbar. To customize the toolbar on a Linux host 1 2 RightclickthefarrightsideofthetoolbartodisplayaToolbarmenu. ClickPower,Snapshot,View,orReplaytoaddorremovethattoolbar. Whenatoolbarnameischecked,thecorrespondingbuttonsappearinthe interface. 3 IntheDesktopStylepartofthemenu,choosethedisplaystylefortoolbarbuttons.
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Customize the Toolbar on a Windows Host

YoucancustomizetheWorkstationtoolbarbyadding,removing,andrearranging toolbarbuttons. To customize the toolbar on a Windows host 1 2 RightclickanypartofthetoolbartodisplayaToolbarmenu. ClickPower,Snapshot,ACE,View,orReplaytoaddorremovethattoolbar. Whenatoolbarischecked,itappearsintheinterface. Tochangewhichbuttonsappearinatoolbarortheorderinwhichtheyappear, displaythattoolbarandcontinuewiththefollowingsteps. 3 RightclickthePower,Snapshot,ACE,View,orReplaytoolbartoopenthe CustomizeToolbardialogbox. ButtonslistedunderCurrentToolbarButtonsappearinthetoolbar,intheorder shownintheCustomizeToolbarsdialogbox. 4 Doanyofthefollowing: Toaddorremoveabuttonfromthetoolbar,selectthebuttonandclickAddor Remove.Addaseparatortodisplayaverticallinebetweenthebuttons. Tochangetheorderofthebuttons,selectanybuttonunderCurrentToolbar ButtonsandclickMoveUporMoveDown. Tochangetheorderofthecurrentlydisplayedbuttonswithoutopeningthe CustomizeToolbarwindow,holddowntheShiftkeywhileyoudragabutton toadifferentlocationinthetoolbar. Torestorethedefaultsetup,withallbuttonsdisplayed,clickReset. 5 ClickClose.
View the Sidebar

Thesidebarcontainsalistoffavoritesandshowswhichvirtualmachinesorteamsof virtualmachinesarecurrentlypoweredon.OnWindowshosts,anadditionalsection ofthesidebardisplaysACEManagementServers.Formoreinformation,seethe VMwareACEManagementServerAdministratorsManual. To view the Sidebar ChooseView>Sidebar. Ifthesidebarwashidden,itbecomesvisible.Ifitwasvisible,itishidden.
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Favorites List in the Sidebar

TheFavoriteslistletsyouorganizeandaccessfrequentlyuseditems. TheFavoriteslistprovidesthefollowingbenefits: FastaccessQuicklyaccessfrequentlyuseditems.Withyourvirtualmachines andteamsontheFavoriteslist,youcanopenthemwithoutbrowsingthehostfile system.Alsolikebrowserbookmarks,Favoriteslisticonscanbeorganizedin folders,added,rearranged,ordeleted. StatusDifferenticonsindicatethestatusofvirtualmachinesandteams.A Favoriteslisticonindicateswhethertheteamorvirtualmachineispoweredoff, poweredon,orsuspended.Abrown(ratherthanblue)virtualmachineicon indicatesthatthevirtualmachineisaWorkstation4virtualmachine.
PoweredoffWorkstation5or6.xvirtualmachineorfullclone.Todetermine theexactversion,usethesummaryviewsVersionfield. Poweredoffvirtualmachinecreatedasalinkedcloneofanothervirtual machine. Poweredoffteamofvirtualmachines.
PoweredoffWorkstation4virtualmachine.
Poweredonindicatorcanappearforvirtualmachinesandteams.
Suspendedindicatorcanappearforvirtualmachinesandteams.
Unavailableindicatorcanappearifavirtualmachineorteamgetscorrupted ormovedfromthelocationthatwasusedtocreatethefavoritesitem.The indicatoralsoappearsifthevirtualmachineisalreadyopeninVMware Playerorisopenedbyanotheruser.
RightclickcommandsRightclickonaFavoritesicontodisplayamenuof commandsyoucanuseforthatvirtualmachineorteam.Youcanclickelsewhere intheFavoriteslist(thatis,notonavirtualmachineorteam)todisplayacontext menufromwhichyoucanchoosetocreateanewvirtualmachine,team,orfolder. Youcanalsoopenanexistingvirtualmachine,team,MicrosoftVirtualPCor VirtualServervirtualmachine,StorageCraft,orSymantecBackupExecSystem Recoverysystemimage.
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Use Folders for Organizing Favorites

Youcanorganizefavoritesintofoldersandnestfoldersinsideotherfolders. To use folders for organizing favorites 1 2 3 4 RightclickFavorites(oranyitemintheFavoriteslist),andchooseNewFolder. CompletetheNewFolderdialogboxthatappears. (Optional)Draganddropfolderstoplaceoneinsideanother. DraganddropFavoritesitemsinthedesiredfolder.
Add Virtual Machines and Teams to the Favorites List

VirtualmachinesandteamsareautomaticallyaddedtotheFavoriteslistwhenyou completetheNewVirtualMachinewizard.Youcanalsoaddthemmanually. To add virtual machines and teams to the Favorites list 1 2 3 ChooseFile>Openandbrowsetothelocationofthevirtualmachine(.vmx file) orteam(.vmtm file). ClickOpen. ChooseFile>AddtoFavorites.
Remove an Item from the Favorites List

YoucanremovethenameofavirtualmachineorteamfromtheFavoriteslist regardlessofwhetherthevirtualmachineorteamisopenorpoweredon.Removing thenamedoesnotaffectthevirtualmachinesfilesoroperation. To remove an item from the Favorites list 1 2 ClickanameintheFavoriteslisttoselectit. ChooseFile>RemovefromFavorites.
Rename an Item in the Favorites List

RenaminganitemintheFavoriteslistalsorenamesthevirtualmachineorteam. To rename a Favorite list entry for a virtual machine or a team 1 2 3
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RightclicktheFavoritesitemtorename. ChooseRenamefromthecontextmenu. TypethenewnamefortheitemandpressEnter.

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Powered On List
Thislistinthesidebarenablesyoutofindoutwhichvirtualmachinesorteamsare currentlypoweredon.RightclickitemsinthePoweredOnlisttodisplayamenuof commandsyoucanuseforthatvirtualmachineorteam.
Check for Product Updates

Workstationautomaticallychecksforproductupdateseverythreedays.Ifanupdate checkfailsontwoconsecutiveattempts,youreceiveanotification. NOTECheckingforproductupdatesworksonlyifthehostcomputerisconnectedto theInternet. To check for product updates 1 2 3 (Optional)Tocheckforupdatesimmediately,chooseHelp>CheckforUpdateson theWeb. ToconfigureWorkstationtoperiodicallycheckforupdates,chooseEdit> Preferences>Workspace. IntheSoftwareUpdatessection,selectthecheckboxcalledCheckforsoftware updatesandclickOK.
Quickly Create a Virtual Machine

Theinstructionsinthissectiongetyoustartedquicklywithcreatingavirtualmachine andinstallingaguestoperatingsystem.Afteryoucreateavirtualmachine,youwill findtheinformationintherestofthischaptereasiertounderstand. TheinstructionstellyoutoacceptthedefaultsettingssothatyoucancompletetheNew VirtualMachinewizardquickly.ThepurposeistolearnaboutWorkstation.Later, whenyouwanttocreatevirtualmachinesthatyouactuallyuseinyourworkor productionenvironment,youcanlearnaboutalltheoptionsavailable.This informationisprovidedinChapter 4,CreatingandUpgradingaVirtualMachine,on page 77. Forsimplicity,useaWindowsinstallationCDorISOimagefilefortheoperating systemyouinstallinthevirtualmachine.MostWindowsoperatingsystemsfitonone CD,whereasLinuxrequiresmultipleCDs.IfyouwanttouseaLinuxguestoperating system,useinstallationmediaforoneofthenewerversionsofRedHat,SUSELinux, orUbuntu.Theeasyinstallfeatureissupportedfortheseoperatingsystems.
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To quickly create a virtual machine 1 2 TouseaninstallationCDorDVDfortheoperatingsystem,ratherthananISO imagefile,inserttheCDorDVDinthehostCDROMdrive. StartVMwareWorkstation. Forinstructions,seeStartWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 51orStart WorkstationonaLinuxHostonpage 52. 3 4 5 6 ChooseFile>New>VirtualMachine. OntheWelcomepage,selectTypicalandclickNext. OntheGuestOperatingsystemInstallationpage,selectInstallerdiscorInstaller discimagefile,asappropriate,andclickNext. CompletethefieldsontheEasyInstallInformationpage. Specifyingapasswordisoptional.OnWindows,thepasswordyouenterhereis usedforanaccountwithAdministratorpermissions.OnWindows2000,the passwordisusedfortheAdministratoraccount. 7 Acceptthedefaultsontherestofthewizardpages. ThevirtualmachineiscreatedanditsnameisaddedtotheFavoriteslist. Theconsoleviewforthevirtualmachineappears.Soonthebootdevice(suchasthe CDROM)isdetectedandinstallationoftheoperatingsystembegins. OnWindows2000guests,ifyouenteredapasswordwhencompletingtheNewVirtual Machinewizard,thenwhentheoperatingsystemstartsup,itmightpromptyouto enteranAdministratorpassword.Usethepasswordthatyoucreatedwhencompleting theNewVirtualMachinewizard. Afterinstallationisfinished,VMwareToolsisautomaticallyinstalled. Nowthatyouhaveavirtualmachinewithaguestoperatingsysteminstalled,youcan refertoitasyoureadtherestofthetopicsinthischapter.
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Introduction to Workstation Preferences

ThePreferencesdialogboxappearswhenyouchooseEdit>Preferences.Itletsyou changeanumberofsettingsthatapplytoWorkstationitself,nomatterwhichvirtual machineyouarerunning. ThedefaultsettingsforWorkstationpreferencesarecorrectformostcases.Donot changesettingsunlessyouareanexperienceduser. NOTEOnaLinuxhost,youmustbeloggedinasroottosaveglobalpreference changes. FollowingisalistofthetabsinthePreferencesdialogbox,alongwithcrossreferences tothesectionsofthismanualthatpertaintoeachtab: WorkspacetabLetsyouconfigurethefollowingsettings: LocationsectionLetsyouchangethedirectoryinwhichnewlycreated virtualmachinesarestored.SeeVirtualMachineLocationonpage 81and FilesThatMakeUpaVirtualMachineonpage 93. VirtualMachinessectionSeveraloftheseoptionshavetodowithexiting Workstationwhileleavingsomevirtualmachinespoweredon.SeeClosing VirtualMachinesandExitingWorkstationonpage 69.Forinformationabout enablingsharedfolders,seeSetUpSharedFoldersonpage 178. SoftwareUpdatessectionSeeCheckforProductUpdatesonpage 63. InputtabLetsyouadjustthewaythevirtualmachinecapturescontrolof keyboardandmouse.Forexample,bydefaultthevirtualmachinegrabskeyboard andmouseinputwhenyouclickinthevirtualmachinewindow. HotKeystabLetsyouspecifythekeycombinationthatisusedwithhotkey sequencesforallyourvirtualmachines.Usehotkeycombinationstoenterand leavefullscreenmode,ungrabmouseandkeyboardinput,andsoon.See KeyboardShortcutsonpage 70. DisplaytabLetsyouadjustthemannerinwhichtheconsoleandthehostdisplay accommodateadifferentguestoperatingsystemdisplayresolution. AlsoseeFittingtheWorkstationConsoletotheVirtualMachineDisplayon page 162andUseFullScreenModeonpage 154. MemorytabFordetailsonadjustingmemorysettingsinWorkstation,clickHelp onthistab.OnLinux,youmustberunningWorkstationasrootinordertochange thesesettings.
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PrioritytabForinformationaboutthesnapshotsettingsonthistab,seeEnable orDisableBackgroundSnapshotsonpage 193.OnLinux,youmustberunning Workstationasrootinordertochangethissetting. ForinformationabouttheprocessprioritysettingsavailableonWindowshosts, clickHelponthistab. Lockouttab(Windowshostsonly)Letsyourestrictwhocancreatenewvirtual machines,editvirtualmachineconfigurations,andchangenetworkingsettings. Fordetails,seeLockingOutInterfaceFeaturesonpage 351. ToolstabLetsyouspecifywhethertoautomaticallyupdateVMwareToolson WindowsandLinuxguestsystemswhenanewversionbecomesavailable.On Linuxhosts,youmustberunningWorkstationasrootinordertochangethese settings. VMwareToolsisasuiteofutilitiesthatenhancestheperformanceofthevirtual machinesguestoperatingsystemandimprovesmanagementofthevirtual machine.SeeChapter 5,InstallingandUsingVMwareTools,onpage 97. Devicestab(Windowshostsonly)Bydefault,theautorunfeaturementionedon thistabisdisabled.Therefore,youneedtomanuallyconnecttotheCDROMdrive byusingtheVM>RemovableDevicesmenu.SeeUseRemovableDevicesina VirtualMachineonpage 169. Inadditiontothecrossreferencesmentionedinthislist,moreinformationaboutthe settingsoneachtabisavailableintheWorkstationonlinehelp.ClickHelpinthe Preferencesdialogbox. Thesettingsonthefollowingtabsapplyonlytotheusercurrentlyloggedontothehost computer:Workspacetab,Inputtab,HotKeystab,Prioritytab,andToolstab. Thesettingsonthefollowingtabsapplynomatterwhichvirtualmachineisrunningor whichuserisloggedontothehostcomputer:Displaytab,Memorytab,Lockouttab, andDevicestab.
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Introduction to Virtual Machine Settings

Workstationconfiguresanewvirtualmachinebasedontheguestoperatingsystemyou selectintheNewVirtualMachinewizard.Afterthevirtualmachineiscreated,youcan usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortochangemanyconfigurationoptionssetbythe wizard.Thevirtualmachinesettingseditorappearswhenyouselectavirtualmachine andchooseVM>Settings.
Hardware Tab
UsetheHardwaretabtoadd,remove,andconfigurevirtualdevicesfortheselected virtualmachine. Figure 3-6. Virtual Machine Settings Hardware Tab
memory device
Help button
Whenyouselectaniteminthehardwarelist,theoptionsthatcorrespondtotheitem appearontherightsideofthedialogbox.Forexample,inFigure 36,memoryoptions appearbecausetheMemoryitemisselected. TopicsandchaptersrelatedtoeachofthevirtualdevicesintheHardwarelistare providedlaterinthismanual.Todisplayonlinehelpforanitemyouselectinthe Hardwarelist,clickHelp.
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Options Tab
TheOptionstabletsyouadjustcharacteristicsoftheselectedvirtualmachine: Manyoptionscontrolinteractionsbetweenthehostandtheguestoperating system,suchashowfolderscanbeshared,howfilesaretransferred,andwhat happenstoaguestoperatingsystemwhenyouexitWorkstation. SomeoptionsletyouoverridesimilarPreferencesdialogboxoptions,whichare globalpreferencessetforallvirtualmachines.Forexample,youcanusethe AdvancedoptiontooverridetheprocessprioritiessetonthePrioritytabinthe Preferencesdialogbox. Someoptionsletyouchangesettingsyoumightinitiallymakewhenrunningthe NewVirtualMachinewizardtocreateavirtualmachine.Forexample,youcanuse theGeneraloptionstochangethenameofthevirtualmachine. Figure 3-7. Virtual Machine Settings Options Tab
General options
ThesettingsforthevirtualmachineOptionstabarediscussedlaterinthismanual,in thetaskspecifictopicsandprocedureswhereyouwouldusethem.Todisplayonline helpforanitemyouselectintheOptionslist,clickHelp.
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Closing Virtual Machines and Exiting Workstation

Whenyoucloseavirtualmachineorteam,andwhenyouexitWorkstation,ifany virtualmachinesarestillpoweredon,youarepromptedtospecifyoneofthefollowing actionstotake: Continuerunningthevirtualmachineinthebackground.Ifavirtualmachine continuesrunningafteryouexitWorkstation,youcanstillinteractwithitthrough virtualnetworkcomputing(VNC)orsomeotherservice. Suspendthevirtualmachine.Thesuspendoperationsavesthestateofthevirtual machine.SeeUsingtheSuspendandResumeFeaturesonpage 187. Powerthevirtualmachineoff.Ifyouconfiguredthepoweroperationtodoasoft poweroff,aVMwareToolsscriptrunsinordertocleanlyshutdowntheguest operatingsystembeforepoweringoff.SeeConfigurePowerOffandReset OptionsforaVirtualMachineonpage 149. ToavoidreceivingaprompteverytimeyouexitWorkstationorcloseavirtualmachine orteam,setapreferenceforvirtualmachinestoalwaysruninthebackgroundwhen youexit.
Set a Virtual Machine to Run in the Background

Youcansetavirtualmachinethatispoweredontocontinuerunninginthebackground whenyoucloseavirtualmachineorteamtab,orwhenyouexitWorkstation.Youcan stillinteractwithitthroughVNCoranotherservice. Bydefault,whenvirtualmachinesruninthebackground,astatusiconappearsinthe notificationareaofthetaskbar.Pointtotheicontodisplayaatooltipthatshowsthe numberofvirtualmachinesandteamsthatarerunninginthebackground.Theseare thevirtualmachinesandteamsthatbelongtotheuserwhoisloggedin. To set a virtual machine to run in the background Dooneofthefollowing: ClickRuninBackgroundatthepromptwhenyouclosethevirtualmachineorexit Workstation. SetaWorkstationpreference: a b FromtheVMwareWorkstationmenubar,chooseEdit>Preferences. OntheWorkspacetab,selectKeepVMsrunningafterWorkstationcloses andclickOK.
WhenyoucloseataborexitWorkstation,younolongerreceiveaprompt.
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Keyboard Shortcuts
YoucanusekeyboardshortcutstointeractwithWorkstationandwithvirtual machines.MostoftheavailablekeyboardshortcutsforWorkstationarelistednextto theirassociatedcommandsinWorkstationmenus. Hotkeys,orkeyboardshortcutsforinteractionswithvirtualmachines,areshownin Table 31.Hotkeycombinationscanbeusedtodothefollowing: Switchbetweenvirtualmachines Enterandleavefullscreenmode Ungrabinput SendCtrl+Alt+Deltothevirtualmachineonly(andnottothehost) Sendcommandstothevirtualmachineonly(andnottothehost) Bydefault,mosthotkeycombinationsincludeCtrl+Alt,butyoucanchangethis combination.SeeChangetheHotKeyCombinationonpage 71. IfyouchangethePreferencessettingforthehotkeycombination,substituteyournew settingforCtrl+AltasneededintheshortcutslistedinTable 31.Forexample,ifyou changethehotkeycombinationtoCtrl+Shift+Alt,youmustpress Ctrl+Shift+Alt+spacebartohaveWorkstationnotprocessacommand.
Table 3-1. Hot-Key Combinations

Shortcut Ctrl+G Ctrl+Alt Action Grabinputfromkeyboardandmouse. Releasethemousecursor.Ifthevirtualmachineisinthetypeoffull screenmodecalledexclusivemode,pressingCtrl+Altchangesthevirtual machinefromexclusivemodetowindowedmode. Shutsdownor(dependingupontheguestoperatingsystem)logsoutof theguest.Thiscommandisreceivedsolelybythevirtualmachine. Note:ForthisandallshortcutsthatincludeCtrl+Alt,changingthe hotkeycombinationchangesthesequenceyouneedtouse.Forinstance, ifyouchangethehotkeycombinationtoCtrl+Shift+Alt,youmustpress Ctrl+Shift+Alt+Inserttoendtheguestoperatingsystemsession. Ctrl+Alt+Delete Shutsdownor(dependingupontheoperatingsystem)logsoutofthe guestoperatingsystem. OnWindowshosts,ifyouarenotusingtheenhancedvirtualkeyboard feature,thiscommandisreceivedbyboththehostoperatingsystemand thevirtualmachine,evenwhenWorkstationhascontrolofinput.Youcan canceltheendingofthehostoperatingsystemssessionandreturntothe virtualmachinetologoutorshutdownorperformadministrativetasks.
Ctrl+Alt+Insert
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Table 3-1. Hot-Key Combinations (Continued)

Shortcut Ctrl+Alt+spacebar Action SendsanycommandintothevirtualmachinesothatWorkstationdoes notprocessit.HolddownCtrl+Altasyoupressandreleasethespacebar, andcontinuetoholdtheCtrl+Altkeysdownasyoupressthenextkeyin thecombination. Switchamongopenvirtualmachineswhilemouseandkeyboardinput aregrabbed. OnWindowshosts,switchamongopenvirtualmachineswhilemouse andkeyboardinputarenotgrabbed.Workstationmustbetheactive application. Infullscreenmode,switchtothenextpoweredonvirtualmachine. Infullscreenmode,switchtothepreviouspoweredonvirtualmachine.
Ctrl+Alt+Tab Ctrl+Tab Ctrl+Shift+Tab Ctrl+Alt+right arrow Ctrl+Alt+left arrow
Change the Hot-Key Combination

Hotkeycombinations,orshortcutkeys,arekeycombinationsyoupresstointeract withvirtualmachines.Foralistofactionsyoucaninvokebyusinghotkeys,see Table 31. Bydefault,mosthotkeycombinationsincludeCtrl+Alt,butyoucanchangethis combination.Forexample,youcanchangethesettingsothatallhotkeycombinations useCtrl+Shift+Alt.Thisisusefulifyouwanttopreventcertainkeycombinations(such asCtrl+Alt+Del)frombeinginterceptedbyWorkstationinsteadofbeingsenttothe guestoperatingsystem. Thehotkeypreferencesyousetinthepreferenceseditorapplytovirtualmachinesyou accessfromwithinWorkstation.ThesesettingsdonotaffectvirtualmachinesorACE instancesdistributedtootherusers.
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To change the hot-key combination 1 2 3 ChooseEdit>Preferences. ClicktheHotKeystab. Usethefollowinginformationtohelpyouchooseakeycombination: CustomkeycombinationsinvolveusingacombinationoftheCtrl,Shift,Alt,and Windowskeys.TheWindowskeyisthekeybetweentheCtrlandAltkeysonyour keyboard.Themodifiersforthecustomcombinationare: DownThekeymustbepressedtousethehotkeysequence. UpThekeymustnotbepressedtousethehotkeysequence. EitherThekeycanbeupordown.Thismodifierisusefultoallowusersa varietyofkeystrokestoleavefullscreenmode.Forexample,selectingEither fortheShiftkeymeansthatbothCtrl+Alt+EnterandCtrl+Shift+Alt+Enter causeWorkstationtoleavefullscreenmode. IfyouselectEitherforallofthekeys(Ctrl,Alt,Shift,andWin)inthecustom combination,youcanusetheEsckeytoreleasethecursor. 4 ClickOK.
Gathering Information for VMware Technical Support

WhenyouneedhelpfromVMwaretechnicalsupport,VMwarerecommendsthatyou createasupportrequest.Forsomeproblems,therepresentativewillaskyoutoturnon debugging,runascripttocollectlogfiles,andsendthelogstoVMware.
Register and Create a Support Request

BeforeyoucanreportproblemstotheVMwaresupportteam,youmustregisterfora VMwareaccount. Beforeyoubegin,locatetheserialnumber.Itisontheregistrationcardinyourpackage. IfyoupurchasedWorkstationonline,theserialnumberissentbyemail. To register and create a support request 1 2 3 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseHelp>VMwareontheWeb>Register Now! FollowtheinstructionsontheWebsite. Toreportproblems,fromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseHelp>VMwareon theWeb>RequestSupport.
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Gather Debugging Information for a Virtual Machine

Workstationprovidesseverallevelsofloggingtohelpdiagnoseandtroubleshoot varioustypesofproblems. Youcanusefulldebuggingmodetogatherthegreatestamountofdata,whichisuseful whenavirtualmachinefreezesorpowersoffunexpectedly.Youcanusestatisticsmode togatherperformancestatisticswhenvirtualmachinesrunslowly.Youcanalso increaseloggingwithoutgoingintofulldebuggingmode.AVMwaretechnicalsupport representativecantellyouwhichleveltouse. Afteryougatherdebugginginformation,youcansendthelogfilestoVMware technicalsupport. To gather debugging information for a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredofforsuspended. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheOptionstab,selectAdvanced. SelectfromtheGatherdebugginginformationdropdownmenuortheLog virtualmachineprogressperiodicallycheckbox,asdirectedbyVMwaretechnical support. Usingfulldebuggingmodeandloggingprogressperiodicallycauseadecreasein performance. 6 IntheFilelocationssection,notethedirectorypathtothelogfile. Toviewthecompletepath,clickinthereadonlytextboxandusetherightarrow keytoscrollthroughthepath. 7 ClickOK.
Running the Support Script

Tohelpdiagnoseaproblem,theVMwaresupportteammightaskyoutorunasupport scriptinordertogatherinformation.Forexample,ifavirtualmachineexitsabnormally orcrashes,runthesupportscripttocollecttheappropriatelogfilesandsystem information. AsofWorkstation6.0.1,youcanrunthesupportscriptbyclickingabuttoninthe Help >AboutVMwareWorkstationbox.Youcanalso,asinpreviousreleases,runthe scriptfromthecommandline.
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Run the Support Script from the Workstation User Interface

RunthisscriptonlywhenrequestedtodosobyVMwaretechnicalsupport. Beforeyoubegin,createasupportrequest.SeeRegisterandCreateaSupport Requestonpage 72.Increasetheleveloflogging,asdescribedinGatherDebugging InformationforaVirtualMachineonpage 73. To run the support script from the Workstation user interface 1 2 3 ChooseHelp>AboutVMwareWorkstation. ClickCollectSupportData. Intheconfirmationboxthatappears,confirmthatyouwanttocollectsupportdata. OnWindowshosts,afterthescriptfinishesrunning,itcreatesa.zipfileand displaysthepathtothefile. OnLinuxhosts,thescriptcreatesacompressed.tgzfileintheusershome directory.Becausethescriptisnotrunasroot,thescriptdisplaysmessages indicatingthatitcannotcollectsomeinformation.Thisisnormal.IftheVMware supportteamneedsthatinformation,asupportrepresentativewillaskyoutorun thescriptfromthecommandlineasroot.Forinstructions,seeRuntheSupport ScriptfromaLinuxTerminalWindowonpage 75. 4 Addthisdatafiletoyoursupportrequest.
Run the Support Script from a Windows Command Prompt

RunthisscriptonlywhenrequestedtodosobyVMwaretechnicalsupport. Beforeyoubegin,createasupportrequest.SeeRegisterandCreateaSupport Requestonpage 72.Increasetheleveloflogging,asdescribedinGatherDebugging InformationforaVirtualMachineonpage 73. To run the support script from a Windows command prompt 1 2 Openacommandprompt. ChangetotheVMwareWorkstationprogramdirectory:
C: cd \Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation
Ifyoudidnotinstalltheprograminthedefaultdirectory,usetheappropriatedrive letterandpathinthecdcommandabove.
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Runthesupportscript:
cscript vm-support.vbs
Afterthescriptruns,itdisplaysthenameofthedirectorywhereithasstoredits output. 4 UseafilecompressionutilitysuchasWinZiporPKZIPtozipthescriptoutput directory,andincludethezipfilewithyoursupportrequest. IfyouarereportingaproblemyouencounteredwhileinstallingVMware Workstation,alsoincludetheinstallationlogfile. OnaWindowshost,thefileisVMInst.log.ItissavedintheTempfolder.Ona Windows2000,WindowsXP,orWindowsServer2003host,thedefaultlocationis C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Local Settings\Temp. Youcanusethecommandcd %temp%tolocatetheLocal Settingsfolder,which ishiddenbydefault.Toseeitscontents,openMyComputer,gotoTools>Folder Options,clicktheViewtabandselectShowHiddenFilesandFolders.
Run the Support Script from a Linux Terminal Window

RunthisscriptonlywhenrequestedtodosobyVMwaretechnicalsupport. Beforeyoubegin,createasupportrequest.SeeRegisterandCreateaSupport Requestonpage 72.Increasetheleveloflogging,asdescribedinGatherDebugging InformationforaVirtualMachineonpage 73. To run the support script from a Linux terminal window 1 2 Openaterminalwindow. Runthesupportscriptastheuserwhoisrunningthevirtualmachine:
vm-support
Ifyouarenotrunningthescriptasroot,thescriptdisplaysmessagesindicating thatitcannotcollectsomeinformation.Thisisnormal.IftheVMwaresupport teamneedsthatinformation,asupportrepresentativewillaskyoutorunthescript againasroot. Thescriptcreatesacompressed.tgzfileintheusershomedirectory. 3 Includethatoutputfilewithyoursupportrequest. IfyouarereportingaproblemyouencounteredwhileinstallingWorkstation,also includetheinstallationlogfile.
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Creating and Upgrading a Virtual Machine
ThischapterdescribeshowtocreateavirtualmachinebyusingtheNewVirtual Machinewizard.Italsoprovidesgeneralinformationaboutinstallingguestoperating systems. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics: MethodsofCreatingVirtualMachinesonpage 78 ConfigurationOptionsfortheNewVirtualMachineWizardonpage 78 UsetheNewVirtualMachineWizardonpage 86 InstallingaGuestOperatingSystemonpage 87 UpgradeaGuestOperatingSystemonpage 90 ChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 91 UsinganOlderVersionVirtualMachineWithoutUpgradingonpage 93 FilesThatMakeUpaVirtualMachineonpage 93
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Methods of Creating Virtual Machines

Workstationgivesyouseveraloptionsforcreatingvirtualmachines: Createavirtualmachinefromscratch. Ifyoudonothaveanyvirtualmachinesorsystemimages,youmustusethis method.UsetheNewVirtualMachinewizardtocreateavirtualmachine.Next, youmustinstallanoperatingsystem.Theprocessisthesameasinstallingitona physicalcomputer. Therestofthischapterdescribesthismethodofcreatingavirtualmachine. CloneavirtualmachinefromanexistingVMwarevirtualmachineorvirtual machinetemplate. Clonesareusefulwhenyoumustdeploymanyidenticalvirtualmachinestoa group.CloningispreferabletocopyingavirtualmachinebecauseaclonesMAC addressandUUIDaredifferentfromtheoriginalvirtualmachine,toavoid networkconflicts.UsetheCloneVirtualMachinewizardtocreateaclone. SeeCloningaVirtualMachineonpage 203. OnWindowshosts,convertaphysicalmachine,virtualmachine,orsystemimage thatwascreatedbyusinganotherVMwareproductorathirdpartyproduct. Thisprocesscreatesacloneoftheoriginalvirtualmachineorsystemimage.Use theConversionwizardtoconvertaphysicalorvirtualmachineorasystemimage. SeeChapter 6,CreatingaVirtualMachinefromaSystemImageorAnother VirtualMachine,onpage 131.
Configuration Options for the New Virtual Machine Wizard

AsyoucompletetheNewVirtualMachinewizard,youarepromptedtomake decisionsaboutmanyaspectsofthevirtualmachine.Thetopicsinthissectionprovide informationabouttheissuesinvolvedsothatyoucandeterminewhichchoicesyou wanttomakebeforerunningthewizard.
Easy Install Feature for Some Guest Operating Systems

Theeasyinstallfeaturesenableyoutoperformanunattendedinstallationoftheguest operatingsystemafteryoucompletetheNewVirtualMachinewizard.Youcanusethis featureregardlessofwhetheryouchooseatypicaloracustomconfigurationinthe wizard.
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Chapter 4 Creating and Upgrading a Virtual Machine
Ifyouspecifyaninstallerdiscorimage(.iso)fileandifthewizarddetectsan operatingsystemthatsupportstheeasyinstallfeature,youarepromptedtosupplythe followinginformation: ForWindowsguests: (Optional)WindowsproductkeyIfyouspecifyaproductkey,youarenot promptedforitlater,duringinstallationoftheoperatingsystem.Entera productkeyunlesstheinstallationmediaalreadycontainsavolumelicense productkey. FullnameThisnameisusedforregisteringtheoperatingsystem.Donotuse thenameAdministratororGuest.Ifyouuseoneofthesenames,youwill receiveanerrormessageduringinstallationoftheoperatingsystemandbe promptedtoenteradifferentname. (Optional)PasswordOnWindowsoperatingsystemsotherthanWindows 2000,thepasswordyouenterhereisusedforanaccountwithAdministrator permissions.OnWindows2000,thepasswordyouenterhereisusedforthe Administratoraccount. ForLinuxguests: FullnameThisnameisusedforregisteringtheoperatingsystem,if registrationisrequired.Thefirstnameisusedasthehostnameforthevirtual machine. UsernameYoucanuselowercaselettersandnumbers,withnospaces.Do notusethenameroot.Someoperatingsystemssetupsudoaccessforthisuser, andsomerequirethisusertousesutogetrootprivileges. PasswordThepasswordyouenterhereisusedforboththeusernameyou supplyandtherootuser. TheeasyinstallfeatureisavailablefornewerWindowsoperatingsystemsandseveral Linuxoperatingsystems.Theinstallationmediathatyoucanuseincludeoperating systeminstallationCDs,DVDs,andISOimages. ThisfeaturealsoinstallsVMwareToolsintheguestoperatingsystem.Formore informationaboutVMwareTools,seeComponentsofVMwareToolsonpage 97. IfyouplantouseaCD,DVD,orISOimagethatcontainsaproductkeynumberandis alreadysetuptoperformanunattendedinstallation,theonlybenefityougainbyusing theeasyinstallfeatureistheautomaticinstallationofVMwareTools.
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Typical Compared to Custom Configurations

TheNewVirtualMachinewizardpromptsyoutochoosebetweendoingatypical configurationandacustomconfiguration.IfyouselectTypical,thewizardprompts youtospecifyoracceptdefaultsforthefollowingchoices: Mediumforinstallingtheguestoperatingsystem(CD,imagefile,orneither) Guestoperatingsystem Virtualmachinenameandthelocationofthevirtualmachinefiles Sizeofthevirtualdiskandwhethertosplitthediskinto2GBfiles Hardwarecustomization,foradvancedusers Youarenotpromptedtospecifythevirtualmachineversion.Thevirtualmachine version(Workstation4,5,6,or6.5)isassumedtobetheonespecifiedinthepreferences editor.FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseEdit>Preferences,andseethesetting forDefaulthardwarecompatibility. Onthelastpageofthewizard,youcanclickCustomizeHardwaretochangethe defaultsformemoryallocation,numberofvirtualCPUs,networkconnectiontype,and soon. Manycircumstancesrequireyoutoselectacustominstallation.SelectCustomifyou wanttodoanyofthefollowing: Makeadifferentversionofvirtualmachinethanwhatisspecifiedinthe preferenceseditor. SpecifytheI/OadaptertypeforSCSIadapters:BusLogic,LSILogic,or LSI Logic SAS. SpecifywhetheryouwanttocreateanIDEoraSCSIvirtualdisk,regardlessofthe defaultthatisusuallyusedfortheguestoperatingsystem. Useaphysicaldiskratherthanavirtualdisk(forexpertusers). Useanexistingvirtualdiskratherthancreateavirtualdisk. Placethevirtualdiskfileinalocationotherthanthevirtualmachinedirectory. Allocateallvirtualdiskspaceratherthanallowingthediskspacetogradually growtothemaximum.
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Guest Operating System Selection

IfyouspecifythatthesourcemediaforinstallingtheoperatingsystemisInstallerdisc orInstallerdiscimagefileandifthewizardcandetecttheoperatingsystem,you mightnotseeawizardpageforselectingtheoperatingsystem. Afteryouspecifyanoperatingsystemorafterthewizarddetectsitfromtheinstallation media,Workstationusesthisinformationtodothefollowing: Selectappropriatedefaultvalues,suchastheamountofmemorytoallocate. Namefilesassociatedwiththevirtualmachine. Adjustsettingsforoptimalperformance. Workaroundspecialbehaviorsandbugswithinaguestoperatingsystem. Iftheoperatingsystemyouplantouseisnotlisted,selectOtherforbothguest operatingsystemandversion. Forsomeoperatingsystems,theoperatingsystemandVMwareToolsareinstalled automaticallyafterthevirtualmachineiscreated.SeeEasyInstallFeatureforSome GuestOperatingSystemsonpage 78. NOTEWorkstationsupports64bitguestoperatingsystemsonlyinWorkstation versions5.5andlater,andonlyonhostmachineswithsupportedprocessors.Forthe listofprocessorsWorkstationsupportsfor64bitguestoperatingsystems,seePC Hardwareonpage 23.
Virtual Machine Location

Thefollowingexamplesshowthedefaultlocationssuggestedforvirtualmachines: OnWindows2000,WindowsXP,andWindowsServer2003hosts,thedefault folderforaWindowsXPProfessionalvirtualmachineis:
C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\My Documents\My Virtual Machines\Windows XP Professional
OnWindowsVistahosts,thedefaultfolderis:
C:\Users\<username>\Documents\Virtual Machines\Windows XP Professional
OnLinuxhosts,thedefaultlocationforaWindowsXPProfessionalvirtual machineis:
<homedir>/vmware/Windows XP Professional
The<homedir>valueisthehomedirectoryoftheuserwhoiscurrentlyloggedin.
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Virtualmachineperformancemightbeslowerifyourvirtualharddiskisonanetwork drive.Forbestperformance,besurethevirtualmachinesfolderisonalocaldrive. However,ifotherusersneedtoaccessthisvirtualmachine,considerplacingthevirtual machinefilesinalocationthatisaccessibletothem.SeeSharingVirtualMachines withOtherUsersonpage 211. NOTEIfyouplantodeploythevirtualmachineonaUSBdrive,first,createthevirtual machineonyourlocalharddisk.YoucanthenusePocketACEfeaturestodeploythe virtualmachine. Forinformationaboutthefilesstoredinthevirtualmachinefolder,seeFilesThat MakeUpaVirtualMachineonpage 93.
Virtual Hardware Compatibility Levels

Thisoptionisavailableforcustomconfigurationsonly. WhenyoumakeaselectionfromtheHardwareCompatibilitylist,youseealistof otherVMwareproductsandversionsthatarecompatiblewithyourselection.Youalso seealistoffeaturesthatarenotavailableforthatversion. Ifoneofthefeaturecompatibilitycheckboxesisavailablefortheversionyouselect,you canselectthecheckboxtoseealistoftheadditionallimitations.
Number of Processors
Thisoptionisavailableforcustomconfigurationsonly.Settingthevirtualmachineto havetwoprocessorsissupportedonlyforhostmachineswithatleasttwological processors.(IfyouarecreatingaWorkstation4virtualmachine,youdonotseethis panel.) Thefollowingareallconsideredtohavetwologicalprocessors: Asingleprocessorhostwithhyperthreadingenabled AsingleprocessorhostwithadualcoreCPU AmultiprocessorhostwithtwoCPUs,regardlessofwhethertheyaredualcoreor havehyperthreadingenabled
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Memory Allocation
ThisoptionisavailableforcustomconfigurationsorifyouclickCustomizeHardware onthelastpageoftheNewVirtualMachinewizard. Acolorcodediconcorrespondstoeachvalue.Touseoneoftheseamounts,movethe slidertothecorrespondingicon.Thehighendoftherangethatappearsisdetermined bytheamountofmemoryallocatedtoallrunningvirtualmachines.Ifyouallowvirtual machinememorytobeswapped,thisvaluechangestoreflecttheamountofswapping thatwasspecified.Tochangetheamountofmemoryavailabletoallvirtualmachines, usetheWorkstationpreferenceseditor(Edit>Preferences).
Network Connection Type

ThisoptionisavailableforcustomconfigurationsorifyouclickCustomizeHardware onthelastpageoftheNewVirtualMachinewizard.Youhaveseveraloptionsfor connectingthevirtualmachinetothenetwork: BridgednetworkingIfyourhostcomputerisonanetworkandyouhavea separateIPaddressforyourvirtualmachine(orcangetoneautomaticallyfroma DHCPserver),selectUsebridgednetworking.Othercomputersonthenetwork canthencommunicatedirectlywiththevirtualmachine. NATIfyoudonothaveaseparateIPaddressforyourvirtualmachinebutyou wanttobeabletoconnecttotheInternet,selectUsenetworkaddress translation (NAT).Thevirtualmachineandthehostshareasinglenetwork identitythatisnotvisibleoutsidethenetwork. HostonlyHostonlynetworkingprovidesanetworkconnectionbetweenthe virtualmachineandthehostcomputer,usingavirtualnetworkadapterthatis visibletothehostoperatingsystem.Withhostonlynetworking,thevirtual machinecancommunicateonlywiththehostandothervirtualmachinesinthe hostonlynetwork.Usethisapproachtosetupanisolatedvirtualnetwork. NoconnectionYoucanalwayssetupaconnectionafteryoufinishcreatingthe virtualmachine. SeeCommonNetworkingConfigurationsonpage 266.
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SCSI Adapter Types and Disk Types

Thisoptionisavailableforcustomconfigurationsonly.AnIDEandaSCSIadapterare installedinthevirtualmachine.TheIDEadapterisalwaysATAPI.FortheSCSI adapter,youcanchooseBusLogic,LSILogic,orLSILogicSAS.BusLogicandLSILogic adaptershaveparallelinterfaces.LSILogicSAShasaserialinterface. Thedefaultforyourguestoperatingsystemisalreadyselected.Olderoperating systems,suchasWindowsXPandRedHatEnterpriseLinux2,defaulttoBusLogic. OnlyWindowsServer2008defaultstoLSILogicSAS. NOTETheLSILogicadapterhasimprovedperformanceandworksbetterwithgeneric SCSIdevices.TheLSILogicadapterisalsosupportedbyESXServer2.0andhigher. YourchoiceofSCSIadapterdoesnotaffectyourdecisiontomakeyourvirtualdiskan IDEorSCSIdisk.However,someguestoperatingsystems,suchas32bitWindows XP, donotincludeadriverfortheLSILogicorLSILogicSASadapter.Youmustdownload thedriverfromtheLSILogicWebsite. NOTEDriversforaMylex(BusLogic)compatiblehostbusadapterarenotobviouson theLSILogicWebsite.Searchthesupportareaforthenumericstringinthemodel number.Forexample,searchfor958forBT/KT958drivers. OnLinuxhosts,andintheAddHardwarewizard,youcanselectadiskmodeonthe SelectaDiskTypepage.SeeNormalandIndependentDiskModesonpage 84. SeetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuidefordetailsaboutthedriverand theguestoperatingsystemyouplantoinstallinthisvirtualmachine.
Normal and Independent Disk Modes

TheoptiontoselectnormalorindependentmodeisavailableonLinuxhostsforcustom configurationsonly.Normalmodemeansyouwanttoincludedisksinanysnapshots youtake.Ifyoudonotwantdataonthedisktoberecordedwhenyoutakeasnapshot ofthevirtualmachine,youcanconfigurethedisktobeindependent. Ifyouconfigurethedisktobeindependent,youcanfurtherspecifywhetherchanges youmaketothediskaretopersistorbediscardedwhenyoupoweroffthevirtual machineorrestoreittoasnapshot. AlthoughforWindowshosts,thisconfigurationsettingisnotavailableintheNew VirtualMachinewizard,youcanexcludevirtualdisksfromsnapshotsbyusingthe virtualmachinesettingseditor.SeeExcludeaVirtualDiskfromSnapshotson page 193.
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Virtual Disks and Physical Disks

Thisoptionisavailableforcustomconfigurationsonly.Ifyouuseatypical configuration,anewvirtualdiskiscreatedandusedforthevirtualmachine.Virtual disksarethebestchoiceformostvirtualmachines.Theyareeasytosetupandcanbe movedtonewlocationsonthesamehostcomputerortodifferenthostcomputers. Evenforcustomconfigurations,youusuallychoosetheoptionCreateaNewVirtual Disk.InsomecasesyoumightwanttochooseUseanExistingVirtualDisk,tousea virtualdiskyoucreatedpreviously.Thewizarddisplaysapageforyoutoenterthe pathorbrowsetotheexistingvirtualdisk(.vmdk)file. Itispossibletouseaphysicalharddisk(arawdisk)orIDEdiskpartitioninavirtual machine.Donotuseaphysicaldiskconfigurationunlessyouareanexpertuser.See UsingPhysicalDisksinaVirtualMachineonpage 227.
Disk Capacity
Thewizardpromptsyoutosetasizebetween0.1GBand950GBforavirtualdisk. On Windowshosts,thePocketACEsizecalculatorcanhelpdeterminethedisksizefor anACEinstancethatfitsonaportabledevice. SelecttheoptionSplitvirtualdiskinto2GBfilesifyourvirtualdiskisstoredonafile systemthatdoesnotsupportfileslargerthan2GB. Forcustomconfigurations,youarealsogiventheoptionAllocatealldiskspacenow. VMwarerecommendsthatyouallowthedisktogrow.Allocatingalldiskspacenow givessomewhatbetterperformance,butitisatimeconsumingoperationthatcannot becanceled.Alsoitrequiresasmuchphysicaldiskspaceasyouspecifyforthevirtual disk.Ifyouallocateallthediskspacenow,youcannotusetheshrinkdiskfeaturelater.
Pocket ACE Disk Size Calculator on Windows Only

ThePocketACEfeatureallowsyoutostoreACEinstancesonportabledevicessuchas USBkeys(flashmemorydrives),AppleiPodmobiledigitaldevices,andportablehard drives.ACEusersattachtheseportabledevicestox86hostcomputersandruntheir ACEinstanceswithVMwarePlayer. OntheSpecifyDiskCapacitypageoftheNewVirtualMachinewizard,youcanusethe PocketACEsizecalculatorbuttontodeterminewhatnumbertouseintheDisksize textbox.Disksizerefersonlytothesizeofthevirtualharddisk.Ifyouplantocreate PocketACEs,youmustalsoconsidertheamountofdiskspacerequiredformemory, installers,andotherfilesrelatedtovirtualmachineoverhead.
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SelecttheFastsynchronizecachecheckboxtoreservespaceforwritingchangesfrom thePocketACEcacheonthehost.Havingthisspaceavailablereducesthetimeittakes tosynchronizefileswiththehost. TodeterminewhatnumbertoenterintheVirtualharddisksizetextboxofthe calculator,youneedtohowmuchdiskspaceisavailableonthedevice.PlugtheUSB deviceintoyourhostcomputerandusetheMyComputeritemtodisplayits properties.ThisnumbercannotbelessthantheamountshownforSpacerequiredon USBdeviceinthecalculator.IfnecessaryreducethenumberintheVirtualharddisk sizetextboxuntiltheamountoftotalspacerequirediscorrectforthedevice.
Use the New Virtual Machine Wizard

TheNewVirtualMachinewizardguidesyouthroughthekeystepsforsettingupanew virtualmachine,helpingyousetvariousoptionsandparameters. ManyofthesettingsyouspecifyintheNewVirtualMachinecanbechangedlater,if necessary.Youcanusethevirtualmachinesettingseditorifyouneedtomakechanges aftertheinitialcreation.(Fromthemenubar,chooseVM>Settings.) Beforeyoubegin,determinewhattypeofmediatouseforinstallingtheoperating systeminthevirtualmachineanddooneofthefollowing: IfyouplantouseaninstallationCDorDVDforinstallingtheguestoperating system,inserttheCDorDVDinthehostsCDROMdrive. IfyouplantouseanISOimagefile,makesurethefileisaccessibletothehost. To use the New Virtual Machine wizard 1 2 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseFile>New>VirtualMachine. Followtheprompts. Formoreinformationaboutthefieldsonawizardpage,clickHelponthatpage. Afterthewizardcreatesthevirtualmachine,thenextstepisinstallingtheguest operatingsystem.SeeInstallingaGuestOperatingSystemonpage 87.
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Installing a Guest Operating System

Installationofaguestoperatingsystemcanbeautomatedormanual: Ifyouspecifiedaninstallerdiscorimage(.iso)fileandifthewizarddetectedan operatingsystemthatsupportstheeasyinstallfeature,installationisautomated. AnunattendedinstallationoftheoperatingsystemandVMwareToolsbegins whenthevirtualmachineispoweredon. Theinstallationprocessusuallyrunswithoutrequiringinputfromyou. See RespondtoEasyInstallPromptsonpage 87. Ifyoudidnotusetheeasyinstallfeature,seeInstallaGuestOperatingSystem Manuallyonpage 88.
Respond to Easy Install Prompts

Usuallyyouarenotpromptedforinputduringoperatingsysteminstallationiftheeasy installfeatureruns.If,however,youdidnotenteralltheeasyinstallinformationinthe NewVirtualMachinewizard,youmightbepromptedforaproductkey,username,or password. Also,iftheoperatingsysteminstallationdiscorimagespansmultipleCDs,DVDs,or imagefiles,youmightbepromptedwhentheinstallerrequiresthenextdisk. To respond to easy install prompts 1 Ifyouarepromptedtosupplyaproductkey,username,orpassword,dothe following: a b 2 3 Clickinthevirtualmachinewindowtoallowmouseandkeyboardinputto begrabbedbythevirtualmachine. Typeintherequiredinformation.
IfyouareusingCDsorDVDsandarepromptedtoinsertthenextCDorDVD,use theCDorDVDdriveattachedtothehost. Ifyouareusingimagefilesandarepromptedtoinsertthenextdisc,dothe following: OnWindowshosts,clickChangeDisk,browsetotheimagefileforthenext CD,andclickOK. OnLinuxhosts,fromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseVM>Settings> CD/DVD,andbrowsetotheimagefileforthenextCD.
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Install a Guest Operating System Manually

Youmustinstallanoperatingsystemmanuallyifyoudidnotorwerenotabletouse theeasyinstallfeaturewhencompletingtheNewVirtualMachinewizard. Beforeyoubegin,usethefollowingdocumentstodetermineadditionalrequirements forthespecificoperatingsystemandversionyouplantoinstall: SeetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuide,availablefromthe VMwareWebsiteorfromtheHelpmenu. ForinformationaboutinstallingaLinuxoperatingsystemthathasaVMwareVMI (VirtualMachineInterface)enabledkernelintheguestoperatingsystem,seeUse aParavirtualizedKernelinLinuxGuestsonpage 89. Anewvirtualmachineislikeaphysicalcomputerwithablankharddisk.Beforeyou canuseit,youneedtopartitionandformatthevirtualdiskandinstallanoperating system.Theoperatingsystemsinstallationprogrammighthandlethepartitioningand formattingstepsforyou. Installingaguestoperatingsysteminsideavirtualmachineisessentiallythesameas installingitonaphysicalcomputer. NOTEWorkstationsupports64bitguestoperatingsystemsonlyinWorkstation 5.5 andhigher,andonlyonhostmachineswithsupportedprocessors.Forthelistof processorsWorkstationsupportsfor64bitguestoperatingsystems,seePC Hardwareonpage 23. To install a guest operating system manually 1 2 StartWorkstation. Dooneofthefollowingsothatthevirtualmachinecanaccesstheinstallation mediafortheguestoperatingsystem: ForaCDorDVD,ifnecessary,configurethevirtualmachinetousethehosts CDROM/DVDdrive,andinserttheoperatingsystemmediainthedrive. Insomehostconfigurations,thevirtualmachinecannotbootfromthe installationCDROM.YoucanworkaroundthatproblembycreatinganISO imagefilefromtheinstallationCDROM.Usethevirtualmachinesettings editor(chooseVM>Settings)toconnectthevirtualmachinesCDdrivetothe ISOimagefile,andpoweronthevirtualmachine. ForanISOimage,connecttheCDROMdrivetoanISOimagefileofan installationdisk.
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TouseaPXEservertoinstalltheguestoperatingsystemoveranetwork connection,youdonotneedtheoperatingsysteminstallationmedia.Whenyou poweronthevirtualmachine,thevirtualmachinedetectsthePXEserver. 3 4 5 ClickthePowerOnbutton. Followtheinstructionsprovidedbytheoperatingsystemvendor. IftheoperatingsystemspansseveralCDs,followthesestepswhenyouare promptedtoinsertthesecondCD: a b c d e f DisconnectfromthecurrentimagebychoosingVM>RemovableDevices> CDROM>Disconnect. EdittheCDsettingsbychoosingVM>RemovableDevices>CDROM> Edit. ForUseISOimagefile,clickBrowse,andselecttheISOimageforthesecondCD. IntheDeviceStatusarea,selecttheConnectedcheckboxandclickOK. Intheguestoperatingsystem,clickOKorrespondtothepromptsothat installationcancontinue. RepeatthisprocessforadditionalCDs.
Aftertheguestoperatingsystemisinstalled,youcanusethestandardtoolswithinthe operatingsystemtoconfigureitssettings.VMwarerecommendsthatyouinstall VMwareToolsbeforeyouactivatethelicensefortheoperatingsystem.SeeInstalling VMwareToolsonpage 100.
Use a Paravirtualized Kernel in Linux Guests

Since2005,VMwarehasbeencollaboratingwiththeLinuxcommunitytodevelopa commonparavirtualizationinterface.In2006,VMwarereleaseditsVMIspecificationas anopenspecification.ItallowsVMwarevirtualmachinestosupportvarious paravirtualizedoperatingsystemsfrompopularLinuxdistributions. Beforeyoubegin,obtaininstallationmedia(CDorISOimage)fortheoperatingsystem. Paravirtualizedkernelsupportisavailablefor32bitversionsofUbuntu7.04,7.10,or 8.04andSUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10SP2. The64bitversionofSUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10SP2alreadycontains paravirtualization.YoudonotneedtouseaWorkstationsettingtoenableit. Formoreinformationaboutparavirtualizationingeneral,seethefollowingVMware Websiteat: http://www.vmware.com/interfaces/paravirtualization.html
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IfyouhaveaVMwareVMI(VirtualMachineInterface)enabledkernelintheguest operatingsystem,youwillseeimprovedperformanceifyouenableparavirtual supportinthevirtualmachine. To use a paravirtualized kernel in Linux guests 1 2 UsetheNewVirtualMachinewizardtocreatevirtualmachineforoneofthe supported32bitguestoperatingsystems. Afteryoufinishcreatingthevirtualmachine,enableparavirtualkernelsupport,as follows: a b ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectProcessors,andintheExecutionModesection, selecttheVMwarekernelparavirtualizationcheckbox.
Upgrade a Guest Operating System

WhenyouusetheNewVirtualMachinewizardtocreateavirtualmachine,oneofthe settingsyouspecifyistheguestoperatingsystemtypeandversion.Workstation choosesconfigurationdefaultsbasedontheguesttypeandversionyouchoose. Ifyouupgradeaguestoperatingsystemtoanewerversion,alsoupdatetheguest operatingsystemversionforthevirtualmachine. To upgrade a guest operating system 1 2 3 4 5 StartWorkstationandselectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstab. OntheGeneralsettingspanel,intheVersionfield,selecttheversiontowhichyou plantoupgradeandclickOK. Thesettingyouspecifyhereiswrittentothevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile. Thissettingdoesnotactuallychangetheguestoperatingsystemitself. 6 7 Poweronthevirtualmachine. Toupgradetheguestoperatingsystem,followtheupgradeinstructionsprovided bytheoperatingsystemvendor.
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Change the Version of a Virtual Machine

IfyoucreatedvirtualmachineswithanearlierversionofWorkstation,youmust upgradetothelatestversiontousethenewestfeatures.Forinformationaboutnew features,seethereleasenotes. IfyoucreatedWorkstation6.5virtualmachinesandyouwanttodeploythosevirtual machinestorunonadifferentVMwareproduct,youmightneedtodowngradetoa versionthatiscompatiblewiththatproduct. UsingWorkstation6.5,youcanupgradeanddowngradetoversions4,5,6.0,and6.5. Youcanalsodeterminewhichvirtualhardwareversiontouse. Considerthefollowingwhenchangingthevirtualhardwareversionofavirtual machine: ForWorkstation5,6,and6.5virtualmachines,youcanchangetheversionofthe originalvirtualmachineorcreateafullclone,sothattheoriginalremains unaltered.ForWorkstation4virtualmachines,Workstationchangestheoriginal virtualmachine. IfyouupgradeaWorkstation4or5virtualmachinethatiscompatiblewith ESX ServertoWorkstation6.x,youcannotusetheChangeVersionwizardtolater downgradeitagaintoanESXcompatiblevirtualmachine. OnWindowshosts,however,youcanusetheConversionwizard(chooseFile> Import)toperformsuchadowngrade. WhenyouupgradeaWindowsXP,WindowsServer2003,orWindowsVista virtualmachine,theMicrosoftproductactivationfeaturemightrequireyouto reactivatetheguestoperatingsystem. To change the version of a virtual machine 1 2 Makebackupcopiesofthevirtualdisks(.vmdkfiles). IfyouareupgradingfromaWorkstation4or5virtualmachine,ordowngrading toaWorkstation4or5virtualmachine,makeanoteoftheNICsettingsinthe guest. Specifically,ifyouspecifiedastaticIPaddressforthisvirtualmachine,afterthe upgrade,thatsettingmightbechangedtoautomaticassignmentbyDHCP. TochecktheNICsettings,usethemethodappropriateforyouroperatingsystem. Forexample,onWindowsXP,youcanusetheControlPanelsNetwork ConnectionsitemtofindinformationabouttheTCP/IPaddressforthevirtual machine.
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3 4 5
Shutdowntheguestoperatingsystemandpoweroffthevirtualmachine. SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Upgrade or Change Version. Followtheprompts. Whenyouselectahardwarecompatibilityversion,youseealistoftheVMware productsthatarecompatiblewiththatversion.IfyouselectWorkstation4,5,or 6.0.xyoualsoseealistofWorkstation6.5featuresthatarenotsupportedforthat version.
Poweronthevirtualmachine. IfyouupgradeavirtualmachinethatcontainsaWindows98operatingsystemto aWorkstation6.5virtualmachine,youarepromptedtoinstallaPCIPCIbridge driverwhenyoupoweronthevirtualmachine.BecauseWorkstation6.5has32 morePCIPCIbridgesthanWorkstation6.0.x,youmightneedtorespondtothe prompt32or33times.
7 8
Ifapplicable,intheguestoperatingsystem,checktheNICsettingsandadjustthem iftheychanged,asdescribedinStep 2. IfthevirtualmachinedoesnothavethelatestversionofVMwareToolsinstalled, updateVMwareTools. Evenif,forexample,youupgradedaWorkstation4virtualmachineto Workstation5ratherthan6.5,besuretoupdateVMwareToolstotheversion includedwithWorkstation6.5.SeeVMwareToolsUpdateProcessonpage 113. DonotremovetheolderversionofVMwareToolsbeforeinstallingthenew version. Ifyouareupgradingavirtualmachinethatrunsfromaphysical(raw)disk,you cansafelyignorethemessage,Unabletoupgrade<drive_name>.Oneofthe suppliedparametersisinvalid.ClickOK.
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Using an Older-Version Virtual Machine Without Upgrading

Youmightnotwanttoupgradeavirtualmachinebecauseyouwantittoremain compatiblewithotherVMwareproductsyouareusing.Followingisabriefsummary ofVMwareproductversioncompatibility.
Version of Workstation 4.x 5.x Compatible VMware Products GSXServer 3.x,VMware Server 1.xand2.0,ESX Server 2.xand3.x, VMware Fusion 1.1and2.0,andACE 1.x,2.0,and2.5 VMwareServer 1.xand2.0,VMware Fusion 1.1and2.0, ESX Server 3.x,VMware ACE 2.0and2.5,andVMware Player 1.x, 2.0,and2.5 VMwareServer 2.0,VMware Fusion 1.1and2.0,VMware ACE 2.0 and2.5,andVMware Player 2.0and2.5 VMwarePlayer 2.5,VMware ACE 2.5,VMware Server 2.0,and Fusion 2.0
6.0.x 6.5
YoucanrunolderversionsofvirtualmachinesinWorkstation6.5,butyouwillnothave thebenefitsofthenewfeaturesofWorkstation6.5. FormoreinformationaboutcompatibilitybetweenVMwareproducts,seethe VMware VirtualMachineMobilityPlanningGuide. Ifyoudecidenottoupgradeavirtualmachine,youstillneedtoupgradeVMwareTools tothenewversion.Followtheinstructionsforyourguestoperatingsystemin VMwareToolsUpdateProcessonpage 113.Donotremovetheolderversionof VMwareToolsbeforeinstallingthenewversion.
Files That Make Up a Virtual Machine

Youmightneverneedtoknowthefilenamesorlocationsforyourvirtualmachinefiles. VirtualmachinefilemanagementisperformedbyWorkstation. Avirtualmachinetypicallyisstoredonthehostcomputerinasetoffiles,usuallyina directorycreatedbyWorkstationforthatspecificvirtualmachine.SeeVirtual MachineLocationonpage 81. ThekeyfilesarelistedinTable 41byextension.Intheseexamples,<vmname>isthe nameofyourvirtualmachine.
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Table 4-1. Virtual Machine Files

Extension .log File Name <vmname>.log or vmware.log .nvram <vmname>.nvram or nvram .vmdk <vmname>.vmdk VMDKfiles,whichstorethecontentsofthevirtual machinesharddiskdrive. Avirtualdiskismadeupofoneormorevirtualdisk (.vmdk)files.Thevirtualmachinesettingseditor showsthenameofthefirstfileintheset.Thisfile containspointerstotheotherfilesintheset. (Ifyouspecifythatallspaceshouldbeallocated whenyoucreatethedisk,thesefilesstartatthe maximumsizeanddonotgrow.)Almostallofa .vmdkfilescontentisthevirtualmachinesdata, withasmallportionallottedtovirtualmachine overhead. Ifthevirtualmachineisconnecteddirectlytoa physicaldisk,the.vmdkfilestoresinformationabout thepartitionsthevirtualmachineisallowedto access. EarlierVMwareproductsusedtheextension.dsk forvirtualdiskfiles. <vmname>-s<###>.vmdk Ifyouspecifiedthatthefilescangrow,thefilenames includeansinthefilenumber(forexample, Windows XP Professional-s001.vmdk). Ifyouspecifiedthatthevirtualdiskissplitinto2GB chunks,thenumberof.vmdkfilesdependsonthe sizeofthevirtualdisk.Asdataisaddedtoavirtual disk,the.vmdkfilesgrow,toamaximumof2GB each. <vmname>-f<###>.vmdk Ifthediskspacewasallocatedwhenthediskwas created,thenamesincludeanfinsteadofans(for example,Windows XP Professional-f001.vmdk). Ifthevirtualmachinehasoneormoresnapshots, somefilesareredologfiles.Theystorechanges madetoavirtualdiskwhilethevirtualmachineis running.The###indicatesauniquesuffixaddedby Workstationtoavoidduplicatefilenames. Description ThelogfileofkeyWorkstationactivity.Thisfileis usefulintroubleshooting.Thisfileisstoredinthe directorythatholdstheconfiguration(.vmx)fileof thevirtualmachine. TheNVRAMfile,whichstoresthestateofthevirtual machinesBIOS.
<vmname>-<disk>-<###>.vmdk
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Table 4-1. Virtual Machine Files (Continued)

Extension .vmem File Name <uuid>.vmem Description Thevirtualmachinespagingfile,whichbacksupthe guestmainmemoryonthehostfilesystem.Thisfile existsonlywhenthevirtualmachineisrunningorif thevirtualmachinefails. Eachsnapshotofavirtualmachinethatispowered onhasanassociated.vmemfile,whichcontainsthe guestsmainmemory,savedaspartofthesnapshot. Acentralizedfileforstoringinformationand metadataaboutsnapshots. Thesnapshotstatefile,whichstorestherunning stateofavirtualmachineatthetimeyoutakethat snapshot. Thefilethatstoresthestateofasnapshot. Thesuspendedstatefile,whichstoresthestateofa suspendedvirtualmachine. SomeearlierVMwareproductsusedtheextension .stdforsuspendedstatefiles. .vmtm .vmx <vmname>.vmtm <vmname>.vmx Theconfigurationfilecontainingteamdata. Theprimaryconfigurationfile,whichstoressettings chosenintheNewVirtualMachinewizardorvirtual machinesettingseditor.Ifyoucreatedthevirtual machinewithanearlierversionofWorkstationona Linuxhost,thisfilemighthavea.cfgextension. Asupplementalconfigurationfileforvirtual machinesthatareinateam.This.vmxffileremains ifavirtualmachineisremovedfromtheteam.
<snapshot_name_number>.vmem
.vmsd .vmsn
<vmname>.vmsd <vmname>-Snapshot.vmsn
<vmname>-Snapshot<###>.vmsn .vmss <vmname>.vmss
.vmxf
<vmname>.vmxf
Otherfilesmightbepresentinthedirectory.Somearepresentonlywhileavirtual machineisrunning.SeeLockFilesonpage 220.
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Installing and Using VMware Tools
Thischapterdiscusseshowtoinstall,update,andrunVMwareTools.Thischapter includesthefollowingtopics: ComponentsofVMwareToolsonpage 97 InstallingVMwareToolsonpage 100 VMwareToolsUpdateProcessonpage 113 UninstallVMwareToolsonpage 116 RepairorChangeInstalledModulesonpage 116 OpentheVMwareToolsControlPanelonpage 117 ConfigureVMwareToolsinaNetWareGuestonpage 121 CustomizationstoVMwareToolsonpage 123 UsetheVMwareToolsCommandLineInterfaceonpage 130
Components of VMware Tools

VMwareToolsisasuiteofutilitiesthatenhancestheperformanceofthevirtual machinesguestoperatingsystemandimprovesmanagementofthevirtualmachine. AlthoughtheguestoperatingsystemcanrunwithoutVMwareTools,youlose importantfunctionalityandconvenience. VMwareToolsincludesthefollowingcomponents: VMwareToolsservice VMwaredevicedrivers VMwareuserprocess VMwareToolscontrolpanel
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VMware Tools Service

TheprogramfileiscalledVMwareService.exeonWindowsguestoperatingsystems andvmware-guestdonLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests. Thisservicestartswhentheguestoperatingsystembootsandperformsvariousduties withintheguestoperatingsystem: Passesmessagesfromthehostoperatingsystemtotheguestoperatingsystem. Executescommandsintheoperatingsystemtocleanlyshutdownorrestarta Linux,FreeBSD,orSolarissystemwhenyouselectpoweroperationsin Workstation. OnWindowsguests,allowsthemousecursortomovefreelybetweentheguest andhostoperatingsystems. OnWindowsguests,matchestheguestsscreenresolutiontothehostsscreen resolutionandthereverse. Synchronizesthetimeintheguestoperatingsystemwiththetimeinthehost operatingsystem. Runsscriptsthathelpautomateguestoperatingsystemoperations.Thescriptsrun whenthevirtualmachinespowerstatechanges. TheVMwareToolsserviceisnotinstalledonNetWareoperatingsystems.Instead,the vmwtoolprogramisinstalled.ItsynchronizestimeandallowsyoutoturntheCPU idleronoroff.
VMware Device Drivers

Thesedevicedriversinclude: SVGAdisplaydriverthatprovideshighdisplayresolutionandsignificantlyfaster overallgraphicsperformance. Thevmxnetnetworkingdriverforsomeguestoperatingsystems. BusLogicSCSIdriverforsomeguestoperatingsystems. VMwaremousedriver. Akernelmoduleforhandlingsharedfolders,calledhgfs.sysonWindowsand vmhgfsonLinuxandSolaris. TheVirtualMachineCommunicationInterface(VMCI)driverforcreating clientserverapplicationsthatareoptimizedforfastandefficientcommunication betweenvirtualmachines.
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Chapter 5 Installing and Using VMware Tools
VMware User Process

TheprogramfileiscalledVMwareUser.exeonWindowsguestsandvmware-useron Linux,Solaris,andFreeBSDguests. Thisserviceperformsthefollowingtaskswithintheguestoperatingsystem: Enablesyoutocopyandpastetextbetweentheguestandhostoperatingsystems, andcopyandpastefilesbetweenthehostoperatingsystemsandWindows,Linux, andSolarisguestoperatingsystems. Enablesyoutodraganddropfilesbetweenthehostoperatingsystemsand Windows,Linux,andSolarisguestoperatingsystems. EnablesyoutousetheUnityfeaturewithWindowsandLinuxguests. OnLinuxandSolarisguests,grabsandreleasesthemousecursorwhentheSVGA driverisnotinstalled. OnLinuxandSolarisguests,matchestheguestsscreenresolutiontothehosts. ThisprocessstartswhenyoubeginanX11session.Touseadifferentmechanismto starttheprocess,seeStarttheVMwareUserProcessManuallyIfYouDoNotUsea SessionManageronUNIXonpage 112. TheVMwareToolsuserprocessisnotinstalledonNetWareoperatingsystems.Instead, thevmwtoolprogramisinstalled.Itcontrolsthegrabbingandreleasingofthemouse cursor.Italsoallowsyoucopyandpastetext.Youcannotdraganddroporcopyand pastefilesbetweenhostsandNetWareguestoperatingsystems.
VMware Tools Control Panel

TheVMwareToolscontrolpanelletsyoumodifysettings,shrinkvirtualdisks,and connectanddisconnectvirtualdevices.SeeOpentheVMwareToolsControlPanel onpage 117.
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Installing VMware Tools

TheinstallersforVMwareToolsareinstalledwithWorkstationasISOimagefiles. WhenyouchooseVM>InstallVMwareTools,Workstationtemporarilyconnectsthe virtualmachinesfirstvirtualCDROMdrivetothecorrectISOimagefilefortheguest operatingsystem.Theinstallationprocedurevariesdependingontheoperating system: ManuallyInstallVMwareToolsinaWindowsGuestOperatingSystemon page 100 InstallVMwareToolsonaLinuxGuestWithinXbyUsingtheRPMInstalleron page 105 InstallVMwareToolsfromtheCommandLinewiththetarorRPMInstalleron page 106 InstallVMwareToolsinaSolarisGuestonpage 108 InstallVMwareToolsinaFreeBSDGuestonpage 109 InstallVMwareToolsinaNetWareVirtualMachineonpage 111
Manually Install VMware Tools in a Windows Guest Operating System

VMwareToolsissupportedonallWindowsguestoperatingsystems.Beforeyouuse themenucommandtoinstallVMwareTools,performthefollowingtasks,asnecessary: IfyouarerunningWorkstationonaWindowshostandyourvirtualmachinehas onlyoneCDROMdrive,makesuretheCDROMdriveisconfiguredasanIDEor SCSICDROMdrive.ItcannotbeconfiguredasagenericSCSIdevice.Ifnecessary, addanIDEorSCSICDROMdrivetothevirtualmachine.SeeAdding DVD/CDROMandFloppyDrivestoaVirtualMachineonpage 234. MakesurethevirtualCDROMdriveisconfiguredtoautodetectaphysicaldrive. ThistaskisnecessaryifyouconnectedthevirtualmachinesCDdrivetoanISO imagefilewhenyouinstalledtheoperatingsystem.Changetheconnectionfrom theISOimagetoautodetectaphysicaldrive.(Withthevirtualmachinepowered off,chooseVM>Settings>CD/DVD>UsePhysicalDrive>Autodetect.) WhenyouinstallVMwareTools,makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredon. IftheguestoperatingsystemisaWindowsNT,Windows2000,WindowsXP, WindowsServer2003,orWindowsVistaoperatingsystem,loginasan administrator.AnyusercaninstallVMwareToolsinaWindows 95,Windows98, orWindowsMeguestoperatingsystem.
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To install VMware Tools 1 Onthehost,fromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseVM>InstallVMwareTools. IfanearlierversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled,themenuitemis Update VMwareTools. Dependingonwhetherautorunisenabled,oneofthefollowingoccursinsidethe guestoperatingsystem: Ifautorunisenabledintheguestoperatingsystem,adialogboxappearsafter afewseconds.ItaskswhetheryouwanttoinstallVMwareTools. Ifautorunisnotenabled,thedialogboxdoesnotappearautomatically. Click Start>RunandenterD:\setup\setup.exewhereD:isyourfirst virtualCDROMdrive. 2 3 ClickYestolaunchtheInstallShieldwizard. Followtheonscreeninstructions. OnsomeWindowsoperatingsystems,aftertheSVGAdriverisinstalled,youare promptedtoreboottousethisnewdriver. 4 Rebootthevirtualmachineifnecessary.
Tochangethedefaultconfigurationoptions,seeOpentheVMwareToolsControl Panelonpage 117.
Configure the Video Driver on Older Versions of Windows

IfyouareinstallingVMwareToolsinavirtualmachinethathasaWindowsNT, WindowsMe,Windows98,orWindows95operatingsystem,youmightneedto configurethevideodrivermanually.WhenyouclickFinishintheVMwareTools installationwizard,amessageappearsindicatingthatVMwareToolsfailedtoinstall theSVGAdriver. ANotebookwindow,theDisplayProperties/Settingsdialogbox,andamessagebox appear,promptingyoutorebootthemachine.
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To configure the video driver on older versions of Windows 1 Inthemessageboxthatpromptsyoutoreboot,clickNo. IfyouclickYes,afterthevirtualmachinereboots,runtheVMwareToolsinstaller again(chooseVM>ReinstallVMwareTools).SelecttheRepairoption. The RepairoptionallowstheNotebookwindowtoappearagainsothatthe installercanaccesstheSVGAdriver. 2 FollowtheinstructionsintheNotebookfile. Theinstructionsarespecifictoeachoperatingsystem.Theyprovidestepsfor selectingtheVMwareSVGAdriver,usuallyintheDisplayProperties/Settings dialogbox,andinstallingitfromtheVMwareToolsISOimage. TheEnglishversionoftheinstructionsfromtheNotebookfilearereprintedin KnowledgeBasearticle1001819attheVMwareWebsite.
Automate the Installation of VMware Tools in a Windows Guest

IfyouareinstallingVMwareToolsinanumberofWindowsvirtualmachines,youcan automateitsinstallation.ThissilentinstallationfeatureusestheMicrosoftWindows Installerruntimeengine. MakesuretheMicrosoftWindowsInstallerruntimeengineversion2.0orhigheris installedintheguestoperatingsystem. Version2.0orhigherisincludedwithnewerversionsofWindows.Ifyouareinstalling VMwareToolsinolderWindowsguestoperatingsystems,checktheversionofthe %WINDIR%\system32\msiexec.exefile. Ifthefileversionisnot2.0orhigher,upgradetheenginebyrunninginstmsiw.exe (instmsia.exeforWindows95orWindows98guests),whichisincludedwiththe VMwareToolsinstaller. FormoreinformationaboutusingtheMicrosoftWindowsInstaller,including commandlineoptions,gototheWindowsInstallerpageontheMSDNWebsite.
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To automate the installation of VMware Tools in a Windows guest 1 MakesurethevirtualmachinesCDROMdriveisconnectedtotheVMwareTools ISOimageandthatitisconfiguredtoconnectwheneveryoupoweronthevirtual machine: a b c d 2 SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Settings>Hardware>CDROM. IntheDevicestatussection,selecttheConnectatPowerOncheckbox. IntheConnectionsection,selectUseISOimageandbrowsetothe windows.isofile,locatedinthedirectorywhereyouinstalledWorkstation. ClickOK.
(Optional)Intheguestoperatingsystem,suppresspromptsaboutinstalling unsigneddrivers. IfyouareinstallingVMwareToolsfromabetaorRC(releasecandidate)versionof Workstation,youareaskedtoconfirmtheinstallationofunsigneddrivers.Follow thesestepstosuppresstheseconfirmationprompts. ForallWindowssystemsexceptWindowsVista: a b c d OnthevirtualmachinesdesktoporStartmenu,rightclickMyComputerand chooseProperties. ClicktheHardwaretabandclickDriverSigning. IntheDriverSigningOptionsdialogbox,clickIgnoreandclickOK. ClickOKintheSystemPropertiesdialogbox.
ForWindowsVista: a b c d OntheStartmenu,rightclickComputerandchooseProperties. ClickAdvancedsystemsettings>Hardware>WindowsUpdateDriver Settings. ClickNevercheckfordriverswhenIconnectanewdeviceandclickOK. ClickOKintheSystemPropertiesdialogbox.
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Openacommandpromptandusethefollowingcommandtoinstallsomeorallof theVMwareToolscomponents:
msiexec -i "D:\VMware Tools.msi" ADDLOCAL=ALL [REMOVE=<component>] /qn
Inthiscommand,youcanoptionallyuse REMOVE=<component>ifyoudonot wanttoinstallaparticularcomponent.

Valid Component Values Toolbox
Description VMwareToolscontrolpanelanditsutilities.Excludingthisfeature preventsyoufromusingVMwareToolsintheguestoperating system.VMwaredoesnotrecommendexcludingthisfeature. IncludestheSVGA,mouse,BusLogic,andvmxnetdrivers. SVGAVMwareSVGAdriver.Excludingthisfeaturelimitsthe displaycapabilitiesofyourvirtualmachine. MouseVMwaremousedriver.Excludingthisfeaturedecreases mouseperformanceinyourvirtualmachine. BuslogicVMwareBusLogicdriver.Ifyourvirtualmachineis configuredtousetheLSILogicdriver,youmightwantto removethisfeature. VMXNetVMwareVMXnetnetworkingdriver. VMwarememorycontroldriver.Usethisdriverifyouplantouse thisvirtualmachinewithVMwareESXServer.Excludingthis featurehindersthememorymanagementcapabilitiesofthevirtual machinerunningonaVMwareESXServersystem. VMwaresharedfoldersdriver.Usethisdriverifyouplantousethis virtualmachinewithVMwareWorkstation.Excludingthisfeature preventsyoufromsharingafolderbetweenyourvirtualmachine andtheWorkstationhost.
Drivers
MemCtl
Hgfs
Forexample,toinstalleverythingbutthesharedfoldersdriver,typethefollowing onthecommandline:
msiexec -i "D:\VMware Tools.msi" ADDLOCAL=ALL REMOVE=Hgfs /qn
TheSVGA,Mouse,BusLogic,VMXnet,andMemCtlfeaturesarechildrenofthe Driversfeature.Thismeansthatthefollowingcommandskipsinstallationofthe SVGA,mouse,BusLogic,vmxnet,andMemCtldrivers:

msiexec -i "D:\VMware Tools.msi" ADDLOCAL=ALL REMOVE=Drivers /qn
Toincludeafeature,useitwiththeADDLOCALoption.Toexcludeafeature,use itwiththeREMOVEoption.
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Install VMware Tools on a Linux Guest Within X by Using the RPM Installer
YoucanuseagraphicaluserinterfacetoinstallVMwareToolsinaLinuxguest.For informationabouthowtoinstallVMwareToolfromthecommandline,seeInstall VMwareToolsfromtheCommandLinewiththetarorRPMInstalleronpage 106. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredonandtheguestoperating systemisrunning. To install VMware Tools on a Linux Guest Within X by Using the RPM Installer 1 Onthehost,chooseVM>Install VMwareTools. IfanearlierversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled,themenuitemisUpdate VMwareTools. TheguestoperatingsystemmountstheVMwareToolsinstallationvirtualCD. A windowmanagerdisplayingtwofilesmightappear.OnefileisfortheRPM installerandoneisforthetarinstaller.Alternatively,aVMwareToolsCDicon mightappearonthedesktop. 2 Dooneofthefollowing: IfyouseeaVMwareToolsCDicononthedesktop,doubleclickit,andafter itopens,doubleclicktheRPMinstallerintherootoftheCDROM. Ifyouseeafilemanagerwindow,doubleclicktheRPMinstallerfile. InsomeLinuxdistributions,theVMwareToolsCDiconmightfailtoappear. In thiscase,installVMwareToolsfromthecommandline. 3 Whenprompted,entertherootpasswordandclickOK. Theinstallerpreparesthepackages. 4 ClickContinuewhentheinstallerpresentsadialogboxthatshows Completed SystemPreparation. Whentheinstallerisdone,noconfirmationwindoworfinishbuttonappears,but VMwareToolsisinstalled. 5 InanXterminal,asroot(su),runthefollowingfiletoconfigureVMwareTools:
vmware-config-tools.pl
Respondtothequestionsthecommandlinewizarddisplaysonthescreen.Press Entertoacceptthedefaultvalue.
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Exitfromtherootaccount.
exit
InanXterminal,tostarttheVMwareUserprocess,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-user
TostarttheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-toolbox &
TochangethedefaultVMwareToolsconfigurationoptions,seeOpentheVMware ToolsControlPanelonpage 117.
Install VMware Tools from the Command Line with the tar or RPM Installer
Beforeyoubegin,makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredonandtheguestoperating systemisrunning. To install VMware Tools from the command line with the tar or RPM installer 1 Onthehost,chooseVM>InstallVMwareTools. IfanearlierversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled,themenuitemisUpdate VMwareTools. 2 3 Ontheguest,loginasroot(su). Ifnecessary,mounttheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimagebyenteringa commandsimilartothefollowing:
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
SomeLinuxdistributionsautomaticallymountCDROMs.Ifyourdistribution usesautomounting,youcanskipthisstep. SomeLinuxdistributionsusedifferentdevicenamesororganizethe/dev directorydifferently.IfyourCDROMdriveisnot/dev/cdromorifthemount pointforaCDROMisnot/mnt/cdrom,modifythecommandtoreflectthe conventionsusedbyyourdistribution. 4 Changetoaworkingdirectorybyenteringacommandsuchasthefollowing:

cd /tmp
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Ifapreviousinstallationexists,deletethepreviousvmware-tools-distrib directorybeforeinstalling. Thelocationofthisdirectorydependsonwhereyouplaceditduringtheprevious installation.Oftenitisplacedin/tmp/vmware-tools-distrib.
RuntheinstallerandunmounttheCDROMimage. DependingonwhetheryouareusingthetarinstallerortheRPMinstaller,doone ofthefollowing: Forthetarinstaller,atthecommandprompt,enter:

tar zxpf /mnt/cdrom/VMwareTools-<xxxx>.tar.gz umount /dev/cdrom
FortheRPMinstaller,atthecommandprompt,enter:
rpm -Uhv /mnt/cdrom/VMwareTools-<xxxx>.i386.rpm umount /dev/cdrom
Thevalue<xxxx>isthebuildnumberoftheproductrelease. IfyourLinuxdistributionautomaticallymountedtheCDROMs,youdonotneed tousetheunmountportionofthecommand. IfyouattempttoinstallanRPMinstallationoveratarinstallationorthereverse, theinstallerdetectsthepreviousinstallationandmustconverttheinstaller databaseformatbeforecontinuing. 7 ConfigureVMwareTools. DependingonwhetheryouareusingthetarinstallerortheRPMinstaller,doone ofthefollowing: Forthetarinstaller,enterthefollowingcommandstoruntheinstaller:
cd vmware-tools-distrib ./vmware-install.pl
Respondtothequestionsthecommandlinewizarddisplaysonthescreen. PressEntertoacceptthedefaultvalue.Theconfigurationfile, vmware-config-tools.pl,runsaftertheinstallerfilefinishesrunning. FortheRPMinstaller,enterthefollowingcommandtoruntheconfiguration file:

vmware-config-tools.pl
Respondtothequestionsthecommandlinewizarddisplaysonthescreen. PressEntertoacceptthedefaultvalue.
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Logoutoftherootaccount.
exit
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(Optional)Startyourgraphicalenvironment. InanXterminal,tostarttheVMwareUserprocess,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-user
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(Optional)TostarttheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-toolbox &
Install VMware Tools in a Solaris Guest

Beforeyoubegin,makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredonandtheguestoperating systemisrunning. To install VMware Tools in a Solaris guest 1 Onthehost,chooseVM>InstallVMwareTools. IfanearlierversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled,themenuitemisUpdate VMwareTools. 2 3 Ontheguest,loginasroot(su). Ifnecessary,mounttheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimage. Usually,theSolarisvolumemanagervoldmountstheCDROMunder /cdrom/vmwaretools.IftheCDROMisnotmounted,restartthevolume managerusingthefollowingcommands:
/etc/init.d/volmgt stop /etc/init.d/volmgt start
AftertheCDROMismounted,changetoaworkingdirectory(forexample,/tmp) andextractVMwareToolsbyenteringthefollowingcommands:
cd /tmp gunzip -c /cdrom/vmwaretools/vmware-solaris-tools.tar.gz | tar xf -
RuntheVMwareToolstarinstaller:
Respondtotheconfigurationprompts.PressEntertoacceptthedefaultvalue.
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Logoutoftherootaccount:
exit
7 8
vmware-user
vmware-toolbox &
Install VMware Tools in a FreeBSD Guest

Beforeyoubegin,makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredonandtheguestoperating systemisrunning. To install VMware Tools in a FreeBSD guest 1 Onthehost,chooseVM>InstallVMwareTools. IfanearlierversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled,themenuitemisUpdate VMwareTools. 2 Makesuretheguestoperatingsystemisrunningintextmode. YoucannotinstallVMwareToolswhileXisrunning. 3 4 Ontheguest,loginasroot(su). Ifnecessary,mounttheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimagebyenteringa commandsimilartothefollowing:
mount /cdrom
SomeFreeBSDdistributionsautomaticallymountCDROMs.Ifyourdistribution usesautomounting,skipthisstep. 5 Changetoaworkingdirectorybyenteringacommandsuchasthefollowing:

cd /tmp
UntartheVMwareToolstarfile:
tar zxpf /cdrom/vmware-freebsd-tools.tar.gz
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Ifnecessary,unmounttheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimagebyenteringa commandsimilartothefollowing:
umount /cdrom
Ifyourdistributionusesautomounting,skipthisstep. 8 RuntheVMwareToolsinstaller:
Logoutoftherootaccount:
exit
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vmware-user
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vmware-toolbox &
InminimalinstallationsoftheFreeBSD4.5guestoperatingsystem,sometimes VMwareToolsdoesnotstart.SeeInstalltheMissingFreeBSDLibraryon page 110. TochangethedefaultVMwareToolsconfigurationoptions,seeOpentheVMware ToolsControlPanelonpage 117.
Install the Missing FreeBSD Library

IfVMwareToolsdoesnotstartafteryouinstallit,youmightneedtoinstallalibrary thatismissingbecauseyoudonothaveafullinstallationofFreeBSD4.5. Beforeyoubegin,makesureyouhavetheFreeBSD4.5installationCDoraccesstothe ISOimagefile. To install the missing FreeBSD library 1 2 Reboottheguestoperatingsystem. Ontheguest,inanXterminal,enterthefollowingcommandtostarttheVMware Toolscontrolpanel:
vmware-toolbox &
Ifthefollowingerrormessageappears,therequiredlibrarywasnotinstalled:
Shared object 'libc.so.3' not found.
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3 4
InsertandmounttheFreeBSD4.5installationCDoraccesstheISOimagefile. Changedirectoriesandruntheinstallationscript:
cd /cdrom/compat3x ./install.sh
Install VMware Tools in a NetWare Virtual Machine

Beforeyoubegin,makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredonandtheguestoperating systemisrunning. To install VMware Tools in a NetWare virtual machine 1 Onthehost,chooseVM>InstallVMwareTools. IfanearlierversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled,themenuitemisUpdate VMwareTools. 2 Ontheguest,loadtheCDROMdriversotheCDROMdevicemountsthe ISO imageasavolumebydoingoneofthefollowing: ForaNetWare6.5virtualmachineinthesystemconsole,enter:
LOAD CDDVD
ForaNetWare6.0orNetWare5.1virtualmachine,inthesystemconsole, enter:
LOAD CD9660.NSS
ForaNetWare4.2virtualmachine,inthesystemconsole,enter:
load cdrom
MounttheVMwareToolsCDROMimagebyentering:
cd mount vmwtools
Inthesystemconsole,enteroneofthefollowing: ForNetWare5.1,6.0,or6.5:
vmwtools:\setup.ncf
ForNetWare4.2:
vmwtools:\setup
Whentheinstallationfinishes,themessageVMware Tools for NetWare are now runningappearsintheLoggerScreen(NetWare6.5andNetWare6.0guests)orthe ConsoleScreen(NetWare4.2and5.1guests).
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IfyouhaveaNetWare4.2guest,restarttheguestoperatingsystem,asfollows: a Toshutdownthesystem,inthesystemconsole,enter:
down
Torestarttheguestoperatingsystem,inthesystemconsole,enter:
restart server
MakesuretheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimage(netware.iso)isnot attachedtothevirtualmachine. Ifitisattached,disconnectit.RightclicktheCDROMiconinthestatusbarofthe consolewindowandchooseDisconnect.
Start the VMware User Process Manually If You Do Not Use a Session Manager on UNIX
OneoftheexecutablesusedbyVMwareToolsinUNIXguestsisvmware-user. This programimplementsthefitguesttowindowfeatureandUnitymode,among otherfeatures. Normally,vmware-userisstartedautomaticallyafteryouconfigureVMwareTools andthenlogoutofthedesktopenvironmentandlogbackin. However,ifyourunanXsessionwithoutasessionmanager(forexample,byusing startxandgettingadesktopandnotusingxdm,kdm,orgdm),youmuststartthe VMwareUserprocessmanually. Youmustalsostartvmware-usermanuallyafteryouupdatetoanewversionof VMwareTools. To start the VMware User process manually if you do not use a session manager Dooneofthefollowing: Tohavevmware-userstartwhenyoustartanXsession,addvmware-usertothe appropriateXstartupscript,suchasthe.xsessionor.xinitrcfile. Thevmware-userprogramislocatedinthedirectorywhereyouselectedtoinstall binaryprograms,whichdefaultsto/usr/bin.Thestartupscriptthatneedstobe modifieddependsonyourparticularsystem. Tostartvmware-userafteraVMwareToolssoftwareupdateorifyounotice certainfeaturesarenotworking,openaterminalwindowandenterthefollowing command:
vmware-user
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VMware Tools Update Process

BecauseVMwareToolsinstallers(ISOimages)areinstalledwithWorkstation,when youupdatetoanewversionofWorkstation,acheckisperformedtodetermineifanew versionofVMwareToolsisavailable.WhenyouupdatefromaversionofVMware ToolsincludedwithWorkstation4.x,5.x,6.0.x,or6.x,thepreviousversionofVMware Toolsmightbeuninstalled. AlthoughyoucansetWorkstationtocheckregularlyforWorkstationupdates,the guestoperatingsystemchecksforVMwareToolsupdatesonlywhenyoupowerona virtualmachine.ItcomparesitsversionofVMwareToolsagainsttheversionthatis installedonthehost. ForVMwareToolsupdatesonLinuxandWindowsguests,youcansettheguestto updateautomaticallyoryoucanperformamanualupdate.Onotherguests,youmust manuallyupdate. WhenyouupdateVMwareTools,anychangesyoumadetothedefaultscriptsare overwritten.Anycustomscriptsyoucreatedremainuntouched,butdonotbenefit fromanyunderlyingchangesthatenhancethedefaultscripts.
How Automatic Updates Occur

OnWindowsandLinuxguestsystems,youcansetVMwareToolstoupdateitselfwhen thevirtualmachineispoweredon.ThestatusbardisplaysthemessageInstalling VMware Tools . . .whenanupdateisinprogress.Aftertheupdateiscomplete,if youareloggedintoaWindowsguest,arestartpromptappearsfor30seconds.Ifyou arenotloggedin,theoperatingsystemrestartswithoutprompting. Anautoupdatecheckisperformedaspartofthebootsequencewhenyoupowerona virtualmachine.Ifthevirtualmachinewassuspendedandyouresumeitorrestoreit toasnapshotduringthebootsequencebeforethischeckoccurs,theautomaticupdate occursasplanned. Ifyouresumethevirtualmachineorrestoreittoasnapshotaftertheautoupdatecheck occurs,theautomaticupdatedoesnotoccur. Formoreinformationaboutautomaticupdates,seeUseGlobalSettingstoUpdate VMwareToolsAutomaticallyonpage 114andSetAutoupdateOptionsforEach VirtualMachineonpage 115.
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How You Are Notified to Do a Manual Update

OnWindowsandLinuxguests,youcanspecifythatnoautomaticupdateshouldoccur. Onotheroperatingsystems,automaticupdatesarenotpossible.Inthesecases,perform amanualupdate. Thestatusbaroftheguestsystemdisplaysamessagewhenanewversionisavailable. Toinstalltheupdate,usethesameprocedurethatyouusedforinstallingVMwareTools thefirsttime.OnLinuxguests,theVMwareUserprocess(vmware-user)doesnot restartfollowinganupdateuntilyoulaunchitmanuallyorlogoutofyourwindow managerandloginagain. OnWindows,youcanalternativelyopentheVMwareToolscontrolpanel(doubleclick theVMwareToolsiconinthenotificationareaofthetaskbar),andontheOptionstab, clickUpdate.
Use Global Settings to Update VMware Tools Automatically

ToautomaticallyupdateVMwareToolsformostorallWindowsorLinuxguestswhen thevirtualmachinestarts,configuretheglobalpreferencefirstandthenconfigurethe pervirtualmachineupdateoptiontousethatglobalpreference. Beforeyoubegin,ifyouuseaUNIXhost,becomeroot(su)beforestartingWorkstation. OnUNIXsystems,nonrootusersarenotallowedtomodifythepreferencesettingfor VMwareToolsupdates. To use global settings to update VMware Tools automatically 1 2 3 4 StartWorkstation. ChooseEdit>PreferencesandclicktheToolstab. SelectthecheckboxonthistabandclickOK. Foreachofyourvirtualmachines,dothefollowing: a b c d Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectTools. SelectUseglobalsettingsfromEdit>Preferences>ToolsandclickOK.
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Set Autoupdate Options for Each Virtual Machine

UsethisproceduretooverrideglobalsettingsforautomaticallyupdatingVMware ToolsonLinuxandWindowsguests.NewversionsofVMwareToolsbecomeavailable whenyouinstallanewversionofWorkstationonthehost. AutomaticupdatesworkforversionsofVMwareToolsincludedinWorkstation5.5and above(build29772andabove).AutomaticupdatesdonotworkforversionsofVMware ToolsincludedinvirtualmachinescreatedwithVMwareServer1.x. To set autoupdate options for each virtual machine 1 2 3 4 SelecttheLinuxorWindowsvirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectTools. SelectanupdateoptionandclickOK. IfyouspecifyDonothing,youmustupdateVMwareToolsmanually.Inthiscase, thestatusbardisplaysamessagewhenanewversionisavailable.Toinstallthe update,usethesameprocedurethatyouusedforinstallingVMwareToolsthefirst time.Fortheplatformspecificinstallationinstructions,seeInstallingVMware Toolsonpage 100.
Update VMware Tools in Older Windows Virtual Machines

WhenaMicrosoftinstallerperformsanupdate,itupdatesonlythecomponentsthatit findsalreadyinstalled.Itdoesnotaddnewcomponents.IfyouupdateVMwareTools inaWindowsvirtualmachinethatwascreatedwithWorkstation5.x,somenew componentsarenotinstalled.Specifically,theWorkstation6.xcomponentforfile sharinganddragginganddroppingfilesisnotinstalled. Togetthenewcomponents,youmustuninstalltheoldversionofVMwareToolsand installthenewversionofVMwareTools. To update VMware Tools in older Windows virtual machines 1 2 TouninstalltheoldversionofVMwareTools,usetheAdd/RemoveProgramsitem intheguestsControlPanel. ToinstallthenewversionofVMwareTools,seeInstallingVMwareToolson page 100.
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Uninstall VMware Tools

Occasionally,anupdateofVMwareToolsisincomplete.Youcanusuallysolvethe problembyuninstallingVMwareToolsandthenreinstalling. To uninstall VMware Tools Dependingontheguestoperatingsystem,dooneofthefollowing: OnaWindowsguest,usetheguestoperatingsystemsAdd/RemovePrograms itemtoremoveVMwareTools. OnanyUNIXguest,logonasroot(su)andenterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-uninstall-tools.pl
OnaLinuxguestthathasVMwareToolsinstalledbyusinganRPMinstaller,you canuninstallbyusingthefollowingcommand:
rpm -e VMwareTools
Repair or Change Installed Modules

IffeatureslikeenhancedfilesharingdonotworkafteraVMwareToolsupdate,you mightneedtochangeorrepairinstalledmodules.Besuretofollowthesesteps.Donot usetheguestsAdd/RemoveProgramsitemintheWindowsControlPanel. To repair or change installed modules 1 2 InWorkstation,selectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>ReinstallVMware Tools. OntheWelcomepage,clickNextanddooneofthefollowing: ClickChangetorepairormodifywhichcomponentsofVMwareToolsare installed. ClickModifytospecifywhichmodulesareinstalled. Occasionally,somenewmodulesarenotinstalledduringanupdate.Youcan manuallyinstallnewmodulesbyusingtheModifyoption. 3 Completetherestofthepagesofthewizard.
Iffeaturesstilldonotwork,uninstallVMwareToolsandreinstall.
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Open the VMware Tools Control Panel

UsetheVMwareToolscontrolpaneltomodifyVMwareToolsconfigurationsettings, shrinkvirtualdisks,andconnectanddisconnectvirtualdevices. Beforeyoubegin,makesureVMwareToolsisinstalledintheguestoperatingsystem. OnWindowsVistaguests,logintotheoperatingsystemasanAdministratoruser. To open the VMware Tools control panel Dooneofthefollowing: OnWindowsguests,doubleclickVMwareToolsiconinthenotificationareaof theguestsWindowstaskbar. IfyoucannotfindtheVMwareToolsiconinthenotificationarea,usetheguests WindowsControlPaneltodisplayit. OnLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests,openaterminalwindowandenterthe command:
/usr/bin/vmware-toolbox &
OnNetWareguests,dooneofthefollowing: InaNetWare5.1orhigherguest,chooseNovell>Settings>VMwareTools forNetWare. InaNetWare4.2guest,useVMwareToolscommandsinthesystemconsole. TheVMwareToolsprogramiscalledvmwtool.
Use the Windows Control Panel to Display the Taskbar Icon

IfVMwareToolsisinstalledinaWindowsguestoperatingsystembutthe VMware ToolsicondoesnotappearinthenotificationareaoftheWindowstaskbar, youcanusetheWindowsControlPaneltodisplayit. To use the Windows Control Panel to display the taskbar icon 1 2 3 GotoStart>ControlPanel. DoubleclicktheVMwareToolsicon. OntheOptionstab,selectShowVMwareToolsinthetaskbarandclickApply.
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Options Tab Settings

TheOptionstaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanelprovidesthefollowingoptions: Timesynchronizationbetweenthevirtualmachineandthehostoperating systemPeriodically(everyminute)checkswhethertheguestoperatingsystems timeislaggingbehindthehosts.Ifso,theguestsclockismovedforwardtomatch thehostsclock.Ifyouusethisoption,disableallothertimesynchronization mechanisms.Forexample,someguestsmighthaveNTPorCMOSclock synchronizationturnedonbydefault. Regardlessofwhetheryouenablethissetting,timesynchronizationoccurswhen theVMwareToolsdaemonisstarted(suchasduringareboot),whenresuming fromasuspendoperation,andaftershrinkingadisk.Whentheoperatingsystem startsorreboots,synchronizationcanbeeitherforwardorbackwardintime. For otherevents,synchronizationisforwardintime. Todisabletimesynchronizationcompletely,seeDisableTimeSynchronizationby EditingtheVirtualMachineConfigurationFileonpage 118. ShowVMwareToolsinthetaskbar(Windowsguestsonly)Displaysthe VMwareToolsiconinthenotificationareaofthetaskbar.Theiconindicates whetherVMwareToolsisrunningandwhetheranupdateisavailable. Notifyifupdateisavailable(Windowsguestsonly)DisplaystheVMware Toolsiconwithayellowcautioniconwhenanupdateisavailable. Updatebutton(Windowsguestsonly)Becomesenabledwhenanupdateis available.ClickingthisbuttonhasthesameeffectaschoosingVM>Update VMwareToolsfromtheWorkstationmenubar.
Disable Time Synchronization by Editing the Virtual Machine Configuration File

Avirtualmachineoccasionallysynchronizestimewiththehostevenifyouusethe VMwareToolscontrolpanel(Optionstab)todisableperiodictimesynchronization. Youcandisabletimesynchronizationcompletelybyeditingthevirtualmachine configurationfile. Youcanfollowthesestepstokeepafictitioustimeinyourguest,sothattheguestis neversynchronizedwiththehost.
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To disable time synchronization by editing the virtual machine configuration file 1 2 Poweroffthevirtualmachine. Openthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile(.vmx)inatexteditorandsetthe followingoptionstoFALSE.
Synchronization Occurs During the Following Event Periodically(normallyonceperminute). Time synchronizationisonlyforwardintime. Takingasnapshot.Timesynchronizationisonly forwardintime. Revertingtoasnapshot.Timesynchronization isonlyforwardintime. Resumingasuspendedvirtualmachine. Time synchronizationisonlyforwardintime. Shrinkingavirtualdisk.Timesynchronization isonlyforwardintime. Bootingtheguestoperatingsystem. Time synchronizationcanbeeitherforwardor backwardintime.
Option Name tools.syncTime time.synchronize.continue time.synchronize.restore time.synchronize.resume.disk time.synchronize.shrink time.synchronize.tools.startup
Saveandclosethefile.
Devices Tab Settings

TheDevicestaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanelprovidesoptionsforenablingand connectingtoremovabledevicessuchasfloppydrives,DVD/CDROMdrives, ISO images,USBdevices,soundadapters,andnetworkadapters. Thecontrolsforconnectinganddisconnectingdevicesmightnotbeavailable, dependingonwhetheryoursystemadministratorenabledthem. Youmightnotseeaparticularnetworkadapterlistedthatshouldappearinthelist. If thishappens,editthevirtualmachinesettingstoremoveallnetworkadaptersfrom thelistandthenaddthembacktothelist. BesidesusingtheVMwareToolscontrolpaneltoconnectordisconnectadevice,you canrightclickthedeviceiconinthestatusbarofthevirtualmachinewindow.SeeUse RemovableDevicesinaVirtualMachineonpage 169.
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Scripts Tab Settings

FromtheScriptstaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,youcanedit,disable,orrun scriptsthathelpautomateguestoperatingsystemoperationswhenyouchangethe virtualmachinespowerstate. Fromthistab,youcanalsospecifythelocationofcustomscriptsfortheSuspend, Resume,PowerOn,PowerOff,andResetbuttons. Onmostguestoperatingsystems,ifVMwareToolsisinstalledandifyouconfigurea virtualmachinespowercontrolstousetheguestoptions,oneormoredefaultscripts runontheguestwheneveryouchangethepowerstateofthevirtualmachine. Forexample,ifyouusethevirtualmachinesettingseditor(chooseVM>Settings> Options>Power)andsetthePowerOffcontroltouseShutdownGuest,thenthe poweroff-vm-defaultscriptrunswhenyouclickthePowerOffbuttoninthe Workstationtoolbar.Thisscriptcausestheguestoperatingsystemtoshutdown gracefully. Scriptscanberunonmostguestoperatingsystems,butnotonWindows95,NetWare, andFreeBSDguests.SeeRunorDisableaScriptonpage 126.
Shared Folders Tab Information

TheSharedFoldertaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpaneltabisavailableonlyonnewer Windowsguestsandonlywhensharedfoldersareenabled.Itprovidesinformationon howtoaccessyoursharedfoldersonthehost,soyoucansharefilesbetweenthehost andguest. Withasharedfolder,youcansharefilesbetweentwovirtualmachinesandbetweena virtualmachineandthehostoperatingsystem,evenifonehasaWindowsoperating systemandtheotherhasLinuxorSolaris. AlthoughtheSharedFolderstabdoesnotappearinLinuxorSolarisguests,youcan sharefolderswithLinuxandSolarisguests.SeeSetUpSharedFoldersonpage 178. Thesharedfoldersfeatureworksonlywhenthevirtualmachineisrunningunder newerversionsofsomeVMwareproductsandonlywhensharedfoldersareenabled forthevirtualmachine.SharedfoldersarenotsupportedwithWindows95, Windows 98,WindowsMe,andFreeBSDguestoperatingsystems.
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Shrink Tab Settings

TheShrinktaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanelprovidesoptionsforreclaiming unusedspaceinavirtualdisk.Ifyourvirtualmachinecannotbeshrunk,thistab displaysinformationexplainingwhyyoucannotshrinkyourvirtualdisks. Shrinkingadiskisatwostepprocess:apreparationstepandtheshrinkstep.Inthefirst step,VMwareToolsreclaimsallunusedportionsofdiskpartitions(suchasdeletedfiles) andpreparesthemforshrinking.Thissteptakesplaceintheguestoperatingsystem. Theshrinkprocessisthesecondstep,andittakesplaceoutsidethevirtualmachine. TheVMwareapplicationreducesthesizeofthediskbasedonthediskspacereclaimed duringthepreparationstep.Ifthediskhasemptyspace,thisprocessreducesthe amountofspacethevirtualdiskoccupiesonthehostdrive.SeeShrinkaVirtualDisk onpage 224. OnUNIXguests,runVMwareToolsastherootuser(su)toshrinkvirtualdisks.Ifyou shrinkthevirtualdiskasanonrootuser,youcannotpreparetoshrinkthepartsofthe virtualdiskthatrequirerootlevelpermissions.
About Tab
TheAbouttabdisplaysversion(buildnumber)andcopyrightinformation. In Windowsguests,thistabalsoshowsthestatusoftheVMwareToolsservice.
Configure VMware Tools in a NetWare Guest

InaNetWarevirtualmachine,usingthesystemconsole,youcanconfigurecertain virtualmachineoptionssuchastimesynchronization,CPUidling,anddevice configurationwithVMwareTools.TheVMwareToolscommandlineprogramiscalled vmwtool. To configure VMware Tools in a NetWare Guest 1 2 Openaterminalwindow(systemconsole)intheNetWareguest. Enteracommandthatusesthefollowingformat:
vmwtool <command>
<command>isoneofthecommandslistedinTable 51.
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Table 5-1. vmwtool Commands

vmwtool Command help partitonlist shrink [<partition>] Description DisplaysasummaryofVMwareToolscommandsand optionsinaNetWareguest. Displaysalistofalldiskpartitionsinthevirtualdisk andwhetherornotapartitioncanbeshrunk. Shrinksthelistedpartitions.Ifnopartitionsare specified,allpartitionsinthevirtualdiskareshrunk. Thestatusoftheshrinkprocessappearsatthebottom ofthesystemconsole. devicelist Listseachremovabledeviceinthevirtualmachine,its deviceID,andwhetherthedeviceisenabledor disabled.Removabledevicesincludethevirtual networkadapter,CDROM,andfloppydrives. Disablesthespecifieddeviceordevicesinthevirtual machine.Ifnodeviceisspecified,allremovabledevices inthevirtualmachinearedisabled. Enablesthespecifieddeviceordevicesinthevirtual machine.Ifnodeviceisspecified,allremovabledevices inthevirtualmachineareenabled. Letsyouturnonoroffsynchronizationoftimeinthe guestoperatingsystemwithtimeonthehostoperating system.By default,timesynchronizationisturnedoff. Usethiscommandwithoutanyoptionstoviewthe currenttimesynchronizationstatus. idle [on|off] LetsyouturntheCPUidleronoroff.Bydefault,the idleristurnedon.TheCPUidlerprogramisincluded inVMwareToolsforNetWareguests. TheidlerprogramisneededbecauseNetWareservers donotidletheCPUwhentheoperatingsystemisidle. Asaresult,avirtualmachinetakesCPUtimefromthe hostregardlessofwhethertheNetWareserver softwareisidleorbusy.
disabledevice [<device name>] enabledevice [<device name>] synctime [on|off]
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Customizations to VMware Tools

Customizationsincludemodifyingorwritingscriptsthatrunwhenavirtualmachines powerstatechanges,executingcommandswhenyoushutdownorrestartaUNIX guest,andpassingcommandsinstringsthatruninstartupscripts.
How VMware Tools Scripts Affect Power States

WhenVMwareToolsisinstalled,ifyouconfigureavirtualmachinespowercontrolsto usetheguest,orsoft,poweroptions,oneormoredefaultscriptsrunontheguest wheneveryouchangethepowerstateofthevirtualmachine.Youchangethepower statebyusingmenucommandsorbyclickingtheSuspend,Resume,PowerOn,and PowerOffbuttons. Whatthedefaultscriptsdodependsinpartontheguestoperatingsystem: OnmostMicrosoftWindowsguests,butnotwindowsNTandWindowsMe,the defaultscriptexecutedwhenyoususpendavirtualmachinereleasestheIP addressofthevirtualmachine.Thedefaultscriptexecutedwhenyouresumea virtualmachinerenewstheIPaddressofthevirtualmachine(thisaffectsonly virtualmachinesconfiguredtouseDHCP).ScriptscannotberunonWindows95 guests. InWindowsguests,thedefaultscriptsarelocatedintheProgram Files\VMware\VMware Toolsfolder. OnmostUNIXguests,thedefaultscriptexecutedwhenyoususpendavirtual machinestopsnetworkingforthevirtualmachine.Thedefaultscriptexecuted whenyouresumeavirtualmachinestartsnetworkingforthevirtualmachine. ScriptscannotberunonNetWareandFreeBSDguests. OnUNIX,thedefaultscriptsarelocatedinthe/etc/vmware-toolsdirectory.
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Youcancreateyourownscriptsandusetheminsteadofthedefaultscriptsshownin Table 52. Table 5-2. Default VMware Tools Scripts

Script Name poweroff-vm-default Description Ifyouconfiguredthepoweroffoperationtoshutdowntheguest, thisscriptrunswhenthevirtualmachineisbeingpoweredoff. Ifyouconfiguredtheresetoperationtorestarttheguest,thisscript runswhenthevirtualmachineisbeingreset. Thisscripthasnoeffectonnetworkingforthevirtualmachine. poweron-vm-default Ifyouconfiguredthepoweronoperationtostarttheguest,this scriptrunswhenthevirtualmachineisbeingpoweredonrather thanresumed. Ifyouconfiguredtheresetoperationtorestarttheguest,thisscript runsaftervirtualmachinerestarts. Thisscripthasnoeffectonnetworkingforthevirtualmachine. resume-vm-default Ifyouconfiguredthepoweronoperationtostarttheguest,orthe resetoperationtorestarttheguest,thisscriptrunswhenthevirtual machineisresumedafteritwassuspended. OnWindowsguests,ifthevirtualmachineisconfiguredtouse DHCP,thisscriptrenewstheIPaddressofthevirtualmachine. OnLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests,thisscriptstartsnetworking forthevirtualmachine. suspend-vm-default Ifyouconfiguredthesuspendoperationtosuspendtheguest,this scriptrunswhenthevirtualmachineisbeingsuspended. OnWindowsguests,ifthevirtualmachineisconfiguredtouse DHCP,thisscriptreleasestheIPaddressofthevirtualmachine. OnLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests,thisscriptstopsnetworking forthevirtualmachine.
Create Scripts to Override Default VMware Tools Scripts

YoucancreateyourownscriptstooverridethedefaultVMwareToolsscriptsthat controlpowerstatechanges. ScriptsarerunbytheVMwareToolsdaemon(VMwareService.exe onWindowsand vmware-guestdonUNIX).Becausevmware-guestdisrunasrootonUNIXandas SystemonWindows,thescriptsareruninaseparatesessionfromtheloggedinusers session.TheVMwareToolsdaemonhasnoknowledgeofdesktopsessions,which meansthatitcannotdisplaygraphicalapplications.Donotattempttousecustom scriptstodisplaygraphicalapplications.
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Beforecreatingcustomscripts,makesurethatthefollowingconditionsaremetinthe guestoperatingsystem: ThevirtualmachineisusingthelatestversionofVMwareTools. TheVMwareToolsserviceisrunninginthevirtualmachine. Dependingontheoperationthescriptperforms,thevirtualmachinehasavirtual networkadapterconnected.Ifnot,thepoweroperationfails. (UNIXguestsonly)ToeditascriptbyusingtheEditbuttonontheScriptstab, xtermandvimustbeinstalledintheguestoperatingsystemandmustbeinyour PATH.Youmustbearootusertoeditthescript. To create scripts to override default VMware Tools scripts 1 Determinewhetheryouwanttocreateyourcustomscriptbymakingchangesto thedefaultscriptandsavingittoanewlocation. InWindowsguests,thedefaultscriptsarelocatedintheProgram Files\VMware\VMware Toolsfolder. OnUNIX,thedefaultscriptsarelocatedinthe/etc/vmware-toolsdirectory. 2 Modifythedefaultscriptandsaveitwithadifferentnameorwriteadifferent script. OnWindowsguests,ifyouwriteanewscript,createthescriptasabatchfile. For UNIX,createthescriptinanyexecutableformat(suchasshellorPerlscripts). YoucanalsousetheEditbuttonontheScriptstaboftheVMwareToolscontrol paneltoeditacustomscript.Youcanalsoeditscriptsmanuallyusinganytext editor. 3 Associateeachcustomscriptwithitsparticularpoweroperation: a b c OntheScriptstaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,selecttheappropriate scriptevent. SelecttheUseScriptcheckbox,selectCustomscript,andusetheBrowse buttontopointtothescriptyouwanttouse. ClickOK.
WhenyoureinstallVMwareToolsafteryouupdatetheWorkstationsoftware,any changesyoumadetothedefaultscriptsareoverwritten.Anycustomscriptsyou createdremainuntouched,butdonotbenefitfromanyunderlyingchangesthat enhancethedefaultscripts.
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Run or Disable a Script

Ifyouarecreatingacustomscript,runthescriptbeforeassociatingitwithapower operation. To run or disable a script 1 2 OntheScriptstaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,selecttheappropriatescript event. Dooneofthefollowing: Todisablethescript,cleartheUseScriptcheckboxandclickOK. Defaultscriptsforsuspendingandresumingworktogether.Ifyoudisablethe scriptofoneoftheseactions,disablethescriptfortheotheractionaswell. Torunascriptimmediately,clickRunNow. YoucansuccessfullyrunascriptbyclickingtheRunNowbuttoninthe VMwareToolscontrolpanel,butthissamescriptcanfailwhenrunaspartof aWorkstationpoweroperation.ThisisbecausescriptsrunbyclickingRun Nowarerunastheloggedinuserandhaveadifferentworkingdirectorythan whenscriptsarerunbytheVMwareToolsdaemon duringapower operation.
Execute Commands After You Power Off or Reset a Virtual Machine

InaLinux,Solaris,orFreeBSDguest,youcanusetheVMwareToolsservicetoexecute specificcommandswhenyoushutdownorrestarttheguestoperatingsystem.Thisis inadditiontoanyscriptthatyouspecifiedtorunwhenyoushutdowntheguest operatingsystem. 1 Useatexteditortoopenthefollowingfile:
/etc/vmware-tools/tools.conf
Addoneorbothofthefollowingcommandstothefile: halt-command = <command> <command>isthecommandtoexecutewhenyoushutdowntheguest operatingsystem. reboot-command = <command> <command>isthecommandtoexecutewhenyourestarttheguestoperating system.
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Passing a String from the Host to the Guest at Startup

Topassastringfromthehosttotheguestatstartup,youpassthestringfromyour virtualmachinesconfigurationfileinthehosttotheguestoperatingsystemwhenyou poweronthevirtualmachine. YoucanpassitemsliketheWindowssystemID(SID),amachinename,oran IP address.Insidetheguestoperatingsystemstartupscript,youcanhavetheservice retrievethisstring.Thestringcanthenbeusedinanotherscripttosetyourvirtual machinessystemID,machinename,orIPaddress. Usethisstrategy,forexample,tomakecopiesofthesameconfigurationfile,adda differentstringtoeach(eitherintheconfigurationfileitselforatthecommandline), andusethesevariationsofthesameconfigurationfiletolaunchthesamevirtualdisk innonpersistentmodemultipletimesinatrainingortestingenvironment. Passingastringisalsousefulwhenyouwanttodeployvirtualmachinesonanetwork usingacommonconfigurationfilewhileprovidingeachmachinewithitsownunique identity. Youcanpassstringstoavirtualmachinesguestoperatingsysteminoneoftwoways: placingthestringinthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfileorpassingthestringtothe guestfromthecommandline. Usethisfeatureonlyifyouhaveagoodunderstandingofascriptinglanguage(for example,PerlorNetShell)andknowhowtomodifysystemstartupscripts.
String in a Configuration File

Placeastringinthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)bysettingthestring tothemachine.idparameter.Forexample,youcansetthisstring:
machine.id = "Hello World."
Followingisanexampleofportionsoftwoconfigurationfilesthatpointtothesame virtualdisk.Eachconfigurationfilecontainsitsownuniquestringsetforthe machine.idparameter. config_file_1.vmxcontains:

ide0:0.present = TRUE ide0:0.fileName = "my_common_virtual_hard_drive.vmdk" machine.id = "the_string_for_my_first_vm"
config_file_2.vmxcontains:
ide0:0.present = TRUE ide0:0.fileName = "my_common_virtual_hard_drive.vmdk" machine.id = "the_string_for_my_second_vm"
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Topreventastringfrombeingpassedfromthehosttotheguestthroughtheservice, setthefollowinglineinyourvirtualmachinesconfigurationfile:
isolation.tools.getMachineID.disable = "TRUE"
String in a Startup Command

Ratherthansettingthemachine.idparameterintheconfigurationfile,youcanpass thestringtotheguestoperatingsystemfromthecommandlinewhenyoupoweron thevirtualmachine.Followingisanexampleofsuchastartupcommand(enteredon oneline):
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\vmware -s 'machine.id=Hello World' C:\Virtual Machines\win2000\win2000.vmx
Usethismethodtodeployvirtualmachinesonanetworkusingacommon configurationfilewhileprovidingeachmachinewithitsownuniqueidentity. Launcheachvirtualmachinewiththevmware -scommand.Eachvirtualmachinedisk filemustbecopiedintoitsowndirectoryifitsharesitsfilenamewithanothervirtual machinediskfile. OnaLinuxhost,themachineIDpassedonthecommandlinetakesprecedenceandis passedtotheguestoperatingsystemifthefollowingconditionsaremet: AvirtualmachineIDisspecifiedinthevirtualmachinesconfiguration(.vmx)file whichisusedtoopenthevirtualmachine. YouspecifyamachineIDonthecommandline.
Use a String in a Startup Script to Set a Name and IP Address

ThefollowingexampleusesaWindowshosttoillustratehowyoucanusetheservice toretrieveastringcontainingwhatbecomesthevirtualmachinesmachinenameand IPaddress.Inthisexample,W2KVMisthemachinenameand148.30.16.24isthe IP address.
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To use a string in a startup script to set a name and IP address 1 Definethestringbyusingoneofthefollowingmethods: Onthehostmachine,addthefollowinglinetoyourvirtualmachines configurationfile(.vmxfile):
machine.id = "W2K-VM 148.30.16.24"
Openthevirtualmachineusingthisconfigurationfile. Openthevirtualmachinefromthecommandlinebyenteringthefollowing ononeline:

C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\vmware -s 'machine.id=W2K-VM 148.30.16.24' C:\Virtual Machines\win2000\win2000.vmx
Dooneofthefollowingtoretrievethestringinthevirtualmachine: InaWindowsguest,enterthefollowingcommandtoretrievethestring:
VMwareService --cmd machine.id.get
InaLinuxguest,intheoperatingsystemsstartupscript,addthefollowing commandbeforethenetworkstartupsection.Forexample:
/usr/sbin/vmware-guestd --cmd 'machine.id.get'
Thelocationofvmware-guestddependsonthedirectoryyouspecifyatthe timeofinstallation. 3 Furthercustomizethisstartupscriptsothatitusesthestringtheserviceretrieved duringstartuptosetthevirtualmachinesnetworknametoW2KVMandits IP addressto148.30.16.24. Placethisstringinthescriptbeforethecommandtostartthenetworkservices. IfyoureusingaWindows2000guestoperatingsystem,forexample,youcancall theNetShellutility(netsh)andpassitthecontentsofthestring,whichusesthe stringaccordingly.Thatis,itcansetanewIPaddressforthevirtualmachine,if thatiswhatwaspassedinthestringoriginally.
Passing Information Between the Guest and Another Program

TheVMwareToolsserviceallowsyoutouseVMwareprogrammaticinterfacesto managevirtualmachinesfromyourownindependentprogramsandfromexisting frameworksdevelopedbypartnersandthirdparties. FormoreinformationabouttheVMwareInfrastructureSDK,gototheVMwareAPIs andSDKsDocumentationpageoftheVMwareWebsite.
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Use the VMware Tools Command-Line Interface

TheVMwareToolscommandlineinterfaceenablesyoutodothefollowing: ConfiguretimesynchronizationinyourLinuxguestoperatingsystemwithout runningX. InstallanduninstallVMwareTools,determinetheversion,andsoon. To use the VMware Tools command-line interface 1 Ontheguestoperatingsystem,changedirectoriestothedirectorythatcontainsthe VMwareToolsdaemon. Dependingontheoperatingsystem,thenameanddefaultlocationofthedaemon areasfollows: OnMicrosoftWindowssystems,thedaemoniscalledVMwareService.exe andthelocationis:
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools\VMwareService.exe
OnUNIXsystems,thedaemoniscalledvmware-guestd. Thelocationof vmware-guestddependsonthedirectoryyouspecifyatthetimeof installation.Thedefaultlocationis:

/usr/sbin/vmware-guestd
Toconfigureperiodictimesynchronization,usethevmx.set_optioncommand. Usethefollowingsyntax: <daemon> --cmd "vmx.set_option synctime <old_val> <new_val>" <daemon>isvmware-guestdonUNIXsystemsorVMwareService.exeon Windowssystems. <old_val>and<new_val>aretheoldandnewvalues,respectively.Use0tomean FALSEand1tomeanTRUE. FollowingisanexampleofsettingtimesynchronizationtoTRUEonaLinuxguest:
./vmware-guestd --cmd "vmx.set_option synctime 0 1"
Thenewsettingiswrittentothetools.syncTimepropertyinthevirtual machinesconfiguration(.vmx)file.Usingthisoptionisequivalenttousingthe timesynchronizationoptionontheOptionstaboftheVMwareToolscontrol panel. 3 Tousecommandsotherthan--cmd,usethe--helpcommandlinecommand.
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Creating a Virtual Machine from a System Image or Another Virtual Machine
Thischapterdescribeshowtoconvertaphysicalmachine,virtualmachine,orsystem imagetoaVMwarevirtualmachine.OnWindowshosts,youcanconvertavirtual machinethatwascreatedbyusingaVMwareproductorathirdpartyproduct. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics: ConversionProcessforImportingfromOtherFormatsonpage 131 VMwareConverterComparedtotheConversionWizardonpage 133 SupportedSourceMachinesonpage 133 SupportedDestinationsonpage 138 ConversionImpactonSettingsonpage 140 OpenaThirdPartyVirtualMachineorSystemImageonpage 142 ImportaVirtualMachine,VirtualAppliance,orSystemImageonpage 143
Conversion Process for Importing from Other Formats

On Windowshosts,Workstation6.5incorporatestheConversionwizardfromthe VMwareConverterproduct.UsingtheConversionwizardtoperformaconversionto VMwarevirtualmachinesenablesyoutodothefollowing: Avoidreinstallingoperatingsystemsandapplicationsforsystemconfigurations youuseoften. Overcomelegacymigrationbarriers.Certainlegacysystemsmightbeimpossible torecreatethroughreinstallation. Convertaphysicalmachineintoavirtualmachine.
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Usevirtualmachinesorsystemimagescreatedwithproductsfromother companiessuchasNorton,Symantec,andStorageCraft. Convertvirtualappliancesthatuseopenvirtualizationformat(OVF). Workstationprovidestwowaystoconvertavirtualmachineorsystemimage: UsingtheFile>Opencommandconvertsandopensavirtualmachineorsystem imagequickly.Workstationusesdefaultsettingstomaketheconversion automatically,withnoinputrequiredfromyou.TheoriginalMicrosoftVirtualPC, SymantecBackupExecSystemRecovery,StorageCraftShadowProtect,orAcronis TrueImage(.vmc,.spf,.sv2i,or.tib)fileisunchanged. Forallsupportedfiletypesexcept.ovfand.ovafiles,theFile>Opencommand createsalinkedclonewhenitopensthefile.Ifyouopenavirtualappliancethat uses.ovfor.ovafiles,Workstationcreatesafullclone. Ifyouattempttoopenavirtualmachineorsystemimagethatispassword protected,youarepromptedforthepassword,andWorkstationcreatesafull clone. UsingtheFile>ImportorExportcommandstartstheConversionwizard.Itlets youspecifytheconvertedvirtualmachineslocation,whetherornottheconverted virtualmachinesharesvirtualdiskswiththeoriginalvirtualmachineorsystem image,andwhichversionsofVMwareproductstheconvertedvirtualmachineis tobecompatiblewith. ThewizardcreatesacompletelynewVMwarevirtualmachinebasedontheinput virtualmachineorsystemimage.ThenewlymigratedVMwarevirtualmachineretains theconfigurationoftheoriginalvirtualmachineorimage. Themigrationprocesscanbenondestructive,soyoucancontinuetousetheoriginal virtualmachinewithMicrosoftVirtualPC,ortheoriginalsystemimagewithSymantec BackupExecSystemRecovery.However,torunanewVMwarevirtualmachineonthe samenetworkastheoriginalVirtualPCvirtualmachine,youmustmodifythenetwork nameandIPaddressononeofthevirtualmachinessotheoriginalandnewvirtual machinescancoexist. ForMicrosoftVirtualPCandMicrosoftVirtualServervirtualmachines,youhavethe optionofsharingthesourcevirtualharddisk(.vhd)files.ThismeansthattheVMware virtualmachinecanwritedirectlytotheoriginal.vhdfilesinsteadofVMwarevirtual harddisk(.vmdk)files.
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Chapter 6 Creating a Virtual Machine from a System Image or Another Virtual Machine
VMware Converter Compared to the Conversion Wizard

Workstation6.5incorporatestheConversionwizardfromtheVMwareConverter product.VMwareConverterisaseparatedownloadableapplicationforWindowshosts thatprovidesaneasytouse,scalablesolutionformigrationsofmachines,bothphysical tovirtualandvirtualtovirtual.InadditiontotheConversionwizard,VMware Converterprovidesataskmanagerthatletsyouschedulemigrationsofmanymachines. TheConversionwizardincludedwithWorkstationletsyoucreateVMwarevirtual machinesfromalocalorremotephysicalmachineorfromvirtualmachinesandsystem imagesthatwereoriginallycreatedbyusingotherproductsthanVMwareproducts. YoucanalsousethewizardtochangeavirtualmachineusingoneVMwareformatto thatusinganother.Forexample,youcancopyaVMwareServervirtualmachineand useittocreateanESXvirtualmachine. TouseotherfeaturesofVMwareConverter,suchasitstaskmanager,ortheabilityto importmorethanonevirtualmachineatatime,downloadtheVMwareConverter.
Supported Source Machines

TheVMwareConversionwizardinWorkstationallowsyoutoimportthefollowing typesofphysicalandvirtualmachines: Physicalmachines Windows2000 WindowsServer200332bitand64bit WindowsXPProfessional32bitand64bit WindowsVista32bitand64bit VMwarevirtualmachines(.vmxand.vmtnfiles) Workstation4.5,5.x,6.0.x,and6.5 VMwareACE1.x,2.0.x,and2.5 VMwareFusion1.xand2.0.x VMwarePlayer1.xand2.x ESXServer3.x ESXServer2.5.x(ifthevirtualmachineismanagedwithVirtualCenter2.x) VMwareServer1.xand2.0x(ifthevirtualmachineisonthelocalfilesystem) VirtualCenter2.x
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Virtualappliances Appliancesthatuseopenvirtualizationformat(.ovfand.ovafiles)andthatuse VMwarevirtualharddisks(.vmdkfiles). Othervirtualmachinesandsystemimages AcronisTrueImage9(.tibfiles) StorageCraftShadowProtect(.spffiles) MicrosoftVirtualPC7.xandhigher(.vmcfiles) AnyversionofMicrosoftVirtualServer(.vmcfiles) SymantecBackupExecSystemRecovery(formerlyLiveStateRecovery) 6.5 and7.0,LiveStateRecovery3.0and6.0(.sv2ifiles) NortonGhostimages9.xandhigher(.sv2ifiles) TheoperatingsystemonthesourceMicrosoftVirtual PCorVirtual Servervirtual machinemustbeaWindows2000orlaterguestoperatingsystemsupportedbythe intendedVMwareplatform(forexample,Workstation4,5,or6).Foralistof supportedoperatingsystems,seetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallation Guide,availablefromtheVMwareWebsite. NOTEVirtualmachinesfromMacintoshversionsofMicrosoftVirtualPCarenot supported.
Operating System Compatibility

Toimportavirtualorphysicalmachineorathirdpartyimage,theoperatingsystemon whichWorkstationisinstalledmustbeequaltoorgreaterthantheoperatingsystemon thesourcemachine.Forexample,ifWorkstationisinstalledonaWindows 2000 machine,youcannotimportavirtualmachinefromaWindows XPorWindows 2003 sourcemachine.
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Importing from Various Sources

KeepthesepointsinmindwhenusingtheConversionwizard.
Physical Machine Source

Toimportaremotemachine,youarepromptedtosupplythecomputernameor IP addressandtheusernameandpasswordforloggingintothemachinewith administrativeprivileges.Theusernamemusttaketheform<DOMAIN>\<user_name>. NOTERemotephysicalmachinescannotbeimportedintoanESXcompatibleformat bythewizard.
Microsoft Virtual PC and Virtual Server Virtual Hard Disks

AsofWorkstation6.5,aconvertedvirtualmachinecansharethesourceMicrosoft virtualharddisk(.vhdfiles).ThismeansthattheVMwarevirtualmachinecanwrite directlytotheoriginal.vhdfilesinsteadofVMwarevirtualharddisk(.vmdk)files. IfyouselectSharesourcetheconvertedvirtualmachineconsistsofaVMwarevirtual machineconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)andtheoriginal.vhdfile,whichremainsinits originallocation.VMwaremodifiesthe.vhdfile,installingVMwarespecificvideo drivers,devicedriversforvirtualnetworkcards,andsoon.TheVMwarespecific driversreplacetheMicrosoftdrivers.
ShadowProtect and Backup Exec System Recovery Images

YoucanimportShadowProtectandBackupExecSystemRecoveryimages,butkeepthe followinglimitationsinmind: Dynamicdisksarenotsupported. Allimagesforthebackupofamachineshouldbeinasinglefolder,withnoother imagesplacedthere. Allvolumesinthediskuptotheactiveandsystemvolumesmustbebackedup. Forexample,ifadiskhasfourpartitions,14,withpartition2astheactivevolume andpartition3asthesystemvolume,thebackupmustinclude1through3. Ifitisanincrementalimage,upto16incrementalbackupsaresupported. ForShadowProtect,imagesofsystemswithlogicaldrivesarenotsupportedifthe logicaldriveisalsoasystemoractivevolume.
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Appliances That Use Open Virtualization Format

Openvirtualizationformat(OVF)isaplatformneutral,secure,andportableformatfor packaginganddistributingvirtualappliances.AlthoughOVFdoesnotrelyona specificvirtualizationplatform,theConversionwizardsupportsonlyOVFappliances thatuseVMwarevirtualharddisks(.vmdkfiles). IntheConversionwizard,youcanselect.ovffiles,whicharetheOVFequivalentofa VMwarevirtualmachineconfigurationfile(.vmxfile),oryoucanselect.ovafiles (openvirtualappliancefiles).An.ovafilestorestheconfigurationfileandvirtualhard diskfiletogether,likea.zipfile,foreasydistribution. WhenspecifyingthelocationoftheOVFappliance,youcanbrowsetoadirectoryor useaURLtodownloadtheappliancefromaWebserver.Youcanalsodownloadthe appliancefromasecure(HTTPS)Webserver. NOTEWhenyouuseaURL,thevirtualapplianceisdownloadedbeforetheconversion processstarts.Downloadingcantake15minutesorlonger,dependingonthesizeofthe file. TheConversionwizardalwaysmakesafullclonewhenitconvertsanOVFappliance toavirtualmachine.SeeFullorLinkedClonesonpage 137.
Dual-Boot System Source

Whenyouimportaphysicalmachinethatispartofadualbootsystem,youcanimport onlythedefaultoperatingsystemtowhichboot.inipoints.Toimportthenondefault operatingsystem,changeboot.initopointtotheotheroperatingsystemandreboot beforeattemptingtoimport.Evenifboot.inipointstothecorrectoperatingsystem, occasionally,thevirtualmachinemightnotbebootableinthedefaultoperatingsystem.
Windows NT Virtual Machine Source

IfthesourcevirtualmachineisWindowsNTSMP,thewizardmightrequirefilesfrom servicepacksorhotfixes.Thewizardshowswhichfilesitrequires.Youmustbrowse totherequiredfiles.Theycanbeonadisk,yourlocalsystem,orthenetwork. OnWindowsNTmachines,duringtheimportprocess,asnapshotdriveris downloadedtothemachine.Thisdriverhandlesthecopyingandmovingoffilesand registrysettings.Thedriverrequiresareboottocompleteitstasks.Whenitisfinished, thedriverisuninstalled. NOTEAlthoughWindowsNTvirtualmachinesaresupportedasasource, Windows NTphysicalmachinesarenotsupported.
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ESX Virtual Machine Source

YoumustsupplythenameoftheESXserverandtheusernameandpasswordfor loggingin.
Password-Protected Virtual Machines

Ifthevirtualmachineyouwanttoimportispasswordprotected,youmustsupplythe password.
About Page Files and Hibernation Files

Youcanimportallthedisksforthephysicalorvirtualmachineor,tosavespace,you canselectsomeofthevolumesandleaveoutothers.Ifyouselectspecificvolumes,you canalsoignorethepageandhibernationfiles.Thesefilesarelargeand,for volumebasedcloning,donotprovideinformationthatyouneedtocopy.
Supported Volume Types

Sometypesofsourcevolumes,orpartitions,areunsupportedandareskippedduring cloning.Virtualmachineimportingsupportsbasicvolumesandalltypesofdynamic volumesexceptRAID.OnlyMasterBootRecord(MBR)disksaresupported.GUID PartitionTable(GPT)disksarenotsupported.
Disk Space Allocation

AsisthecasewhenyouusetheNewVirtualMachinewizard,youmustspecify whethertoallocateallthespaceatcreationtimeorallowthefilestogrow.Allocating spaceatcreationtimegivesyoubetterperformancebutisatimeconsumingprocess. VMwarerecommendsthatyouallowthedisktogrow. SelecttheoptionSplitdiskinto2GBfilesifyourvirtualdiskisstoredonafilesystem thatdoesnotsupportfileslargerthan2GB.
Full or Linked Clones

Ifthesourceisavirtualmachine,youcancreateafullorlinkedclone.OntheVirtual MachinesOptionspageoftheConversionwizard,selectImportandConverttocreate afullclone.SelectSharesourceandstorechangesseparatelytocreatealinkedclone. NOTEForMicrosoftVirtualPCandVirtualServervirtualmachines,youhaveathird option.Insteadofcreatingafullorlinkedclone,youcanhavetheconvertedvirtual machineusetheoriginalMicrosoftvirtualharddisk.Thisoptionmodifiesthesource virtualmachine.SeeMicrosoftVirtualPCandVirtualServerVirtualHardDiskson page 135.
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LinkedclonescanbecreatedfromVMwarevirtualmachines,SymantecBackupExec SystemRecoveryvirtualmachines(.sv2ifiles),MicrosoftVirtualPCandVirtual Servervirtualmachines,AcronisTrueImage(.tibfiles),andStorageCraftfiles(.spf files).CreatingalinkedcloneofaVMwarevirtualmachinerequiresthatthevirtual hardwareversionofthedestinationmachinenotbehigherthanthehardwareversion ofthesource. CAUTIONForlinkedclones,thevirtualmachinecreatedbythewizardbecomes corruptedifthesourceismodifiedaftertheimport.Thisistrueforlinkedclones importedfromVirtualPCandVirtualServermachinesandfromSymantecbackup images.InthecaseofVirtualPCandVirtualServersourcevirtualmachines,powering themoninVirtualPCorVirtualServermodifiesthem.
Supported Destinations
TheConversionwizardcancreatevirtualmachinesthatarecompatiblewiththe followingproducts: Workstation 4.5,5.x,6.0.x,and6.5 VMwareACE 1.x,2.0.x,and2.5 VMwareFusion 1.xand2.0.x VMwarePlayer 1.xand2.x ESXServer 3.x(Thisdestinationisnotsupportedifyouareimportingaremote physicalmachine.) ESXServer 2.5.x(Thisdestinationissupportedonlybyimportingthrougha VirtualCenter 2.xserverthatmanagesthe2.5.xESXServer.) VMwareServer 1.xand2.0.x(ifthevirtualmachineisonthelocalfilesystem) VirtualCenter 2.x NOTEWorkstation4virtualmachinesarecompatiblewithVMware GSX Server 3.0, ESX Server 2.x,andACE 1.x.
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Designating a Destination for a Virtual Machine

KeepthesepointsinmindwhenusingtheConversionwizardtospecifyadestination foranewlycreatedvirtualmachine.
ESX Virtual Machine Destination

YoumustsupplythenameoftheESXserverandtheusernameandpasswordfor loggingin.
VirtualCenter Virtual Machine Destination

Youmustprovidethefollowinginformation: NameoftheVirtualCenterserverandtheusernameandpasswordforloggingin. NameofthefolderintheVirtualCenterinventorywhereyouwanttostorethe virtualmachine. Nameofthehost,cluster,orresourcepoolwithinahostorclusterfromwhichthe virtualmachineistoberun.Ifyouselectaclusterinmanualmode,youmustalso chooseaspecifichost. Nameofthedatastoreforthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfilesanddisks.Use theadvancedsettingtodistributethevirtualmachinesdisksovermultiple datastores.
Network Adapters
Youarepromptedtochoosefromtheavailablenetworksatthedestinationlocation.For moreinformationaboutnetworkingchoicesforvirtualmachinesusedwith WorkstationratherthanESXorVirtualCenter,seeCommonNetworking Configurationsonpage 266.
Optional Guest Operating System Customization

Youcanmakechangestotheidentityofthevirtualmachine(suchascomputername andsecurityID),networkinginformation,andsoonwiththewizard.Forvirtual machinesthatareconvertedtoESXvirtualmachines,youcanhavethewizardinstall VMwareToolsiftheguestoperatingsystemisWindows2000orlater.
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Youcanmakethefollowingcustomizations: Computerinformation ComputernameAlphanumericnameofupto63characters.Hyphensand underscoresareallowed. SecurityID(SID)Optionally,generateanewsecurityID. SysprepfilelocationIfthewizardcandetectthelocation,thewizardpage displaysit.Otherwise,youneedtosupplythelocation. Windowslicensinginformation ProductIDOptional. WindowsServerlicenseinformationForMicrosoftWindows2000Server and2003Serveronly. Timezone Networkinformation Networkadapter(interfaces)Resettodefaultormakechanges. DHCPChoosebetweenusingDHCPtoobtainIPaddressesorenteringthem manually.YoucanalsouseDHCPtoobtainaDNSserveraddressorenterit manually. DNSEnterDNSsuffixesandcustomizetheirordertospecifytheorderin whichavirtualmachineusesthemtomakeconnections. WINSSpecifyprimaryandsecondaryWINSaddresses. WorkgroupordomainForworkgroups,specifytheworkgroupname,upto 15characters.Fordomains,specifytheWindowsServerdomain,alongwith theappropriateusernameandpassword.
Conversion Impact on Settings

TheVMwarevirtualmachinecreatedbytheConversionwizardcontainsanexactcopy ofthediskstatefromyoursourcevirtualmachineorsystemimage,withtheexception ofsomehardwaredependentdriversand,sometimes,themappeddriveletters. Thefollowingsettingsfromthesourcecomputerremainidentical: Operatingsystemconfiguration(computername,securityID,useraccounts, profilesandpreferences,andsoforth) Applicationsanddatafiles Eachdiskpartitionsvolumeserialnumber
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Becausethetargetandthesourcevirtualmachinesorsystemimageshavethesame identities(name,SID,andsoon),runningbothonthesamenetworkcanresultin conflicts.Ifyouplantoredeploythesourcevirtualmachineorsystemimage,donot runboththesourceandtargetimagesorvirtualmachinesonthesamenetworkatthe sametime. Alternatively,youcanresolvetheduplicateIDproblembyusingadditionaltools,such astheWindows2000SystemPreparationTool(Sysprep).Forexample,ifyouusethe ConversiontotesttheviabilityofrunningaVirtual PCvirtualmachineasaVMware virtualmachinewithoutfirstdecommissioningtheoriginalVirtual PCmachine,you needtoresolvetheduplicateIDproblem.
Migration Issues Caused by Hardware Changes

MostmigratedapplicationsfunctioncorrectlyintheVMwarevirtualmachinebecause theirconfigurationanddatafileshavethesamelocationasthesourcevirtualmachine. However,applicationsmightnotworkiftheydependonspecificcharacteristicsofthe underlyinghardwaresuchastheserialnumberorthedevicemanufacturer. Whentroubleshootingaftervirtualmachinemigration,considerthefollowing potentialhardwarechanges: TheCPUmodelandserialnumbers(ifactivated)canbedifferentafterthe migration.TheycorrespondtothephysicalcomputerhostingtheVMwarevirtual machine. Thenetworkadaptercanbedifferent(AMDPCNetorVMXnet)withadifferent MACaddress.EachinterfacesIPaddressmustbeindividuallyreconfigured. Thegraphicscardcanbedifferent(VMwareSVGAcard). Thenumbersofdisksandpartitionsarethesame,buteachdiskdevicecanhavea differentmodelanddifferentmanufacturerstrings. Theprimarydiskcontrollerscanbedifferentfromthesourcemachines controllers. Applicationsmightnotworkiftheydependondevicesthatarenotavailablefrom withinavirtualmachine.
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Open a Third-Party Virtual Machine or System Image

TheFile>Opencommandletsyouconvertavirtualappliance,systemimage,orvirtual machinecreatedwithsoftwarefromanothercompanyintoaVMwarevirtualmachine. To open a third-party virtual machine or system image 1 2 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseFile>Open. IntheFilenamefield,browsetoandopentheconfiguration(.vmx,.vmc,.spf, .ovf,.ova,or.sv2i)fileforthevirtualappliance,virtualmachine,orsystem imagetoconvert. YoucanusethefieldFilesoftypetofilterthefilesdisplayedbyfileextension. 3 ClickOpen. WorkstationcreatesaVMwarevirtualmachine,withaVMwareconfigurationfile (.vmx)fortheconvertedvirtualmachineorsystemimage.Theconvertedvirtual machinelinkstothevirtualdisksoftheoriginalvirtualmachineorsystemimage unlessthesourceusesopenvirtualizationformat(.ovfor.ovafiles).Theoriginal VirtualPC,SymantecBackupExecSystemRecovery,orStorageCraftconfiguration (.vmc,.spf,or.sv2i)fileisunchanged. Ifyouopenavirtualappliancethatuses.ovfor.ovafiles,Workstationcreatesa fullclone. Ifyouattempttoopenavirtualmachineorsystemimagethatispassword protected,youarepromptedforthepassword,andWorkstationcreatesafull clone.
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Import a Virtual Machine, Virtual Appliance, or System Image

TheFile>ImportorExportcommandenablesyoutoconvertasystemimageorvirtual machineintoaVMwarevirtualmachine. Beforeyoubegin,reviewtherestrictionsandrequirementsforsourceanddestination virtualmachines.SeeSupportedSourceMachinesonpage 133andSupported Destinationsonpage 138. To import a virtual machine, virtual appliance, or system image 1 2 3 Ifyouareimportingavirtualmachine,makesurethevirtualmachineispowered off. ChooseFile>ImportorExporttolaunchtheVMwareConversionwizard. Completethewizardpages. Thetextonthewizardpageschanges,dependingontheselectionsyoumake. For example,ontheSourceTypepage,whenyouselectasourcetypefromthe dropdownlist,thetextbelowthelistchangestodescribewhichtypesofvirtual machinesareincludedinthatsourcetype. Asyouproceedthroughthewizard,thenavigationpaneontheleftsideofthe wizardhelpstrackyourprogress. Wheneveryoustartanewphaseorstep,alistexpandstodisplaythenamesofthe wizardpagesincludedinthatstep.Whenyoucompleteanentirestep,thenext stepexpands. Togobacktoapreviouspage,clickitsnameinthenavigationpane.
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Getting Started with Virtual Machines
Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics: StartingaVirtualMachineonpage 145 ShutDownaVirtualMachineonpage 149 DeleteaVirtualMachineonpage 150 ControllingtheVirtualMachineDisplayonpage 151 ConfiguringVideoandSoundonpage 164 InstallNewSoftwareinaVirtualMachineonpage 168 UseRemovableDevicesinaVirtualMachineonpage 169 ConfiguretheApplianceViewforaVirtualMachineonpage 170 CreateaScreenshotofaVirtualMachineonpage 171 CreateandPlayBackaMovieofaVirtualMachineonpage 172 AdvancedOptionsforApplicationDevelopersonpage 173
Starting a Virtual Machine

Startingavirtualmachinemeansdisplayingitsrunningconsolesothatyoucaninteract withit.Dependingonthesituation,startingavirtualmachinecaninvolveanyofthe following: TostartavirtualmachinefromtheWorkstationuserinterface,youmustopenthe virtualmachineandpoweriton. TostartavirtualmachinethatisrunninginthebackgroundwhenWorkstationis notrunning,youmustopenitsconsolefromthetaskbaronthehost.
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TostartavirtualmachinethatisavailablefromaWebserver,youmustusea commandlinecommandtobeginstreamingthevirtualmachineandthenstartit fromtheWorkstationwindow. Tostartavirtualmachinefromthecommandline,youmustusethe platformspecificprogramandstartupoptions.SeeStartupOptionsfor WorkstationandVirtualMachinesonpage 467.
Start a Virtual Machine from the Workstation User Interface

Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatallofthevirtualmachinefilesareaccessibletothehost whereWorkstationisinstalled. YoucanaddthenameofthevirtualmachinetotheFavoriteslistsothatyoudonot needtobrowsetothefiletoopenthevirtualmachine.SeeFavoritesListinthe Sidebaronpage 61. To start a virtual machine from the Workstation user interface 1 StartWorkstation. Forinstructions,seeStartWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 51. 2 ChooseFile>Openandbrowsetotheconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)forthevirtual machine. SeeVirtualMachineLocationonpage 148. 3 ChooseVM>Power>PowerOn. IfyoueverneedtoentertheBIOSsetupfortheguestoperatingsystem,choose VM >Power>PowerOntoBIOS. 4 5 Clickanywhereinsidethevirtualmachineconsoletogivethevirtualmachine controlofyourmouseandkeyboard. Tologontotheoperatingsysteminthevirtualmachine,typeyournameand passwordjustasyouwouldonaphysicalcomputer.
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Chapter 7 Getting Started with Virtual Machines
Start a Virtual Machine That Is Running in the Background

IfyoudonotpoweroffavirtualmachinewhenyouexitWorkstation,thevirtual machinecontinuestoruninthebackground.Tostartthevirtualmachine,usethe powerstatusicononthehosttoopenthevirtualmachinesconsole. BydefaultWorkstationisconfiguredtodisplayapowerstatusiconinthenotification areaofthehoststaskbarevenwhenWorkstationisnotrunning.
Ifthisiconisnotvisible,beforeyoubegin,usetheWorkspacetaboftheWorkstation preferenceseditortodisplayit.SeeIntroductiontoWorkstationPreferenceson page 65. To start a virtual machine that is running in the background 1 2 Clickthepowerstatusiconinthenotificationareaofthehoststaskbar. Selectavirtualmachinefromlistthatappearsinthetooltip. Thelistcontainsthevirtualmachinesandteamsthatbelongtotheuserwhois loggedin. Workstationstartsanddisplaystheconsoleviewofthevirtualmachine.
Start a Virtual Machine by Using VM Streaming

BeginningwithWorkstation6.5,youcannowstreamavirtualmachinefromaWeb server.Youcanstartthevirtualmachineshortlyafterthedownloadprocessbegins. Beforeyoubegin,determinetheURLofthevirtualmachineandverifythattheWeb serveronwhichitresidesiscorrectlyconfigured.SeeMakeVirtualMachines AvailableforStreamingfromaWebServeronpage 214. To start a virtual machine by using VM streaming 1 2 Openacommandpromptorterminalwindow. UsetheplatformspecificcommandwiththeURLofthevirtualmachine: OnWindowshosts,usevmware.exe http://<path_to_vm>.vmx. OnLinuxhosts,usevmware http://<path_to_vm>.vmx. HTTPSisalsosupported.
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WhenatabforthevirtualmachineopensintheWorkstationwindow,choose VM >Power>PowerOn. Virtualdiskdataisfetchedondemandsothatyoucanbeginusingthevirtual machinebeforethedownloadcompletes. Thestatusbarindicatestheprogressofthedownload.Pointtotheicononthe statusbarforVMstreamingandatooltipindicateswhetherstreamingisactiveand providestheURLoftheWebserver.
(Optional)Tosavethevirtualmachinesothatyoucanuseitwhenyoudonothave accesstotheWebserver,chooseVM>SaveforOfflineUse. Usingthissettingalsoallowsyoutopausedownloadingbypoweringoffthe virtualmachinebeforestreamingisfinished.Youcanrestartlaterbypoweringon thevirtualmachine.ItalsoallowsyoutousetheFile>Opencommandtoopenthe virtualmachineafteryoucloseit.
Whenyoupoweroffastreamedvirtualmachine,youarepromptedtosaveordiscard changes.Ifyoudiscardchanges,thedirectorythatwascreatedonyourlocalmachine andallthevirtualmachinedataaredeleted.
Virtual Machine Location

Bydefault,virtualmachinefilesarestoredinthevirtualmachinesworkingdirectory: OnWindowshosts,WorkstationstoresvirtualmachinesintheMy Documents folderoftheuserwhoisloggedinatthetimethevirtualmachineiscreated. OnWindowsServer2003,WindowsXP,andWindows2000,thedefaultfolderis:
C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\My Documents\My Virtual Machines\<guestOSname>
OnWindowsVista,thedefaultfolderis:
C:\Users\<username>\Virtual Machines\<guestOSname>
OnLinuxhosts,Workstationstoresvirtualmachinesin:
<homedir>/vmware/<guestOSname>
Here<homedir>isthehomedirectoryoftheuserwhoisloggedinatthetimethe virtualmachineiscreated. TheworkingdirectoryisalsowhereWorkstationstoressuspendedstate(.vmss), snapshot(.vmsn),andredologfiles.TheGeneraltabofthevirtualmachinesettings editordisplaysthepathtotheworkingdirectory.SeeIntroductiontoVirtualMachine Settingsonpage 67.
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Shut Down a Virtual Machine

Aswithphysicalcomputers,youcanshutdownaguestoperatingsystembeforeyou poweroffthevirtualmachineorteam. YouarenotrequiredtoshutdowntheguestbeforeyouexitWorkstation.Toexit Workstationbutleavethevirtualmachinerunninginthebackground,seeClosing VirtualMachinesandExitingWorkstationonpage 69. To shut down a virtual machine 1 Intheguestsystem,shutdowntheoperatingsystemasyouwouldifyouwere usingaphysicalmachineratherthanavirtualmachine. Forexample,inWindowsXP,clickStart>ShutDown. 2 IntheWorkstationmenubar,chooseVM>PowerOptions>PowerOfftoturnoff thevirtualmachine.
IfyouusethePowerOffcommandbeforeyoushutdowntheguestoperatingsystem, thevirtualmachineispoweredoffabruptly.Theeffectislikeusingthepowerbutton onaphysicalmachine.Youcan,however,configurethePowerOffbuttoninthetoolbar toshutdowntheoperatingsystembeforepoweringoff.SeeConfigurePowerOffand ResetOptionsforaVirtualMachineonpage 149.
Configure Power Off and Reset Options for a Virtual Machine

YoucanconfigurethePowerOfftoolbarbuttontopoweroffthevirtualmachine abruptlyortosendasignalthatgracefullyshutsdowntheguestoperatingsystem. Beforeyoubegin,makesureVMwareToolsisinstalledintheguestoperatingsystem. Toperformagracefulshutdown,theVMwareToolsservicecomponentissuesa ShutdownGuestcommandandrunsascripttoshutdowngracefully. CAUTIONPoweringoffabruptlyworksthesamewayapowerswitchworksonapower supply.Thepoweriscutoffwithnoconsiderationforworkinprogress.Ifavirtual machineiswritingtodiskwhenitreceivesaPowerOffcommand,datacorruption mightoccur. Similarly,youcanconfiguretheResetbuttontoworkthesamewayasaresetswitch, sothatitresetsthevirtualmachineabruptly.OryoucanconfiguretheResetbuttonso thattheVMwareToolsservicesendsarestartsignaltotheguestoperatingsystem. It thenshutsdowngracefullyandrestarts.
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NotallguestoperatingsystemsrespondtoashutdownsignalfromthePowerOff button,ortoarestartsignalfromtheResetbutton.Ifyouroperatingsystemdoesnot respondtothesignal,shutdownorrestartfromtheoperatingsystem,asyouwould withaphysicalmachine. To configure the Power Off and Reset options for a virtual machine 1 Selectthevirtualmachine. Thevirtualmachinecanbepoweredonoroff. 2 3 4 ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectPower. InthePowerControlssectionofthedialogbox,setthePowerOffbuttontoshut downtheguestgracefullyortoabruptlypowerthevirtualmachineoff. Theselectionyoumakeisreflectedinthetooltipyouseewhenyoupointtothe PowerOffbutton. 5 6 SpecifyhowyouwanttheResetbuttontowork. Ifyouwanttochangeanyoftheothersettingsandneedmoreinformation,click Help. ForUNIXguests,topassXtoolkitoptionswhenyoupoweronavirtualmachine, seeAppendix A,WorkstationCommandLineReference,onpage 467.
Delete a Virtual Machine

YoucanuseaWorkstationcommandtodeleteavirtualmachineandallofitsfilesfrom thehostfilesystem. If,insteadofdeletingthevirtualmachinealtogether,youwanttoremoveitfromthe Favoriteslistorfromateam,seeRemoveanItemfromtheFavoritesListonpage 62 orRemoveaVirtualMachinefromaTeamonpage 258. CAUTIONDonotdeleteavirtualmachineifitwasusedtomakealinkedclonevirtual machineandyoustillwanttousethelinkedclone.Ifthelinkedclonecannotfindthe virtualdiskfilesfromtheparentvirtualmachine,thelinkedclonestopsworking. To delete a virtual machine 1 2 3
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Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>DeletefromDisk.

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Controlling the Virtual Machine Display

YoucancontrolthewayWorkstationdisplaysvirtualmachinesandtheirapplications. Forexample,youcanusefullscreenmodetohidethehostuserinterfacealtogether,or youcanuseUnitymodesothatapplicationsfromthevirtualmachineappearonthe hostdesktopandhidetherestofthevirtualmachineuserinterface.
Using Unity Mode

InvirtualmachineswithLinuxorWindows2000orlaterguestoperatingsystems,you canswitchtoUnitymodetodisplayapplicationsdirectlyonthehostdesktop. The taskbardisplaysitemsforopenapplicationsinUnitymodejustasitdoesforopen hostapplications. Thevirtualmachineconsoleviewishidden,andyoucanminimizetheWorkstation window. Youcanusekeyboardshortcutstocopy,cut,andpastetextbetweenapplicationson yourhostmachineandvirtualmachineapplicationsdisplayedinUnitymode.Youcan alsodraganddropandcopyandpastefilesbetweenhostandguest. NOTEIfyousaveafileorattempttoopenafilefromanapplicationinUnitymode,the filesystemyouseeisthefilesysteminsidethevirtualmachine.Youcannotopenafile fromthehostoperatingsystemorsaveafiletothehostoperatingsystem. WhenavirtualmachineisinUnitymode,youcanaccessthevirtualmachinesStart menu(forWindowsvirtualmachines)orApplicationsmenu(forLinuxvirtual machines)bypointingtooneofthefollowinglocations: OnWindowshosts,pointtotheStartmenu. OnLinuxhosts,pointtotheupperleftcorneroftheprimarymonitor. Forthisrelease,theUnityfeaturehasthefollowinglimitation:Forsomeguestandhost operatingsystems,ifyouhavemultiplemonitors,applicationwindowsinUnitymode canappearonlyonthemonitorthatissetastheprimarydisplay.Ifthehostandguest areWindowsXPorlater,theapplicationwindowscanappearonadditionalmonitors. NOTEOnLinuxhosts,Unitymodeissupportedexperimentally.
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Set Preferences for Unity Mode

YoucanconfigureUnitymodesothatyoucanaccessavirtualmachinesStartor Applicationsmenufromthehostsdesktop.Youcanalsospecifythebordercolor aroundapplicationsthatruninUnitymodeonthedesktop. AccessingavirtualmachinesStartorApplicationsmenufromthehostsdesktop enablesyoutostartapplicationsinthevirtualmachinethatarenotopeninUnitymode. Ifyoudonotenablethisfeature,youmustexitUnitymodetodisplaythevirtual machinesStartorApplicationsmenuintheconsoleview. Tohelpdistinguishbetweentheapplicationwindowsthatbelongtovariousvirtual machines,youcangivethemdifferentcolors.Forexample,youcansettheapplications foronevirtualmachinetohaveablueborderandsettheapplicationsforanother virtualmachinetohaveayellowborder. YoucanalsosetaWorkstationpreferencetominimizetheWorkstationwindowwhen youenterUnitymode. To set preferences for Unity mode 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectUnity. CompletethesettingspanelandclickOK. Usethefollowinginformationtodeterminewhichfeaturestoenable: Toidentifytheapplicationasbelongingtothisvirtualmachineratherthanthe host,usetheShowborderscheckboxtosetawindowborder.UsetheShow badgescheckboxtodisplayalogointhetitlebar. Touseacustomcolor,clickthecoloredrectangletoaccessthecolorchooser onLinuxhosts.OnWindowshosts,clickChoosecolor. IfyouselecttheEnableapplicationsmenucheckbox,oneofthefollowing menusappearswhenyoupointtocorrectlocationonthehostsdesktop: AStartmenuappearsonWindowsguests. AnApplicationsmenuappearsonLinuxguests. OnWindowshosts,pointtotheStartmenu.OnLinuxhosts,pointtothe upperleftcorneroftheprimarymonitor.Themenuhasthesamecolorborder asthevirtualmachineapplicationwindows.
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5 6
RepeatthisprocessforeachvirtualmachinethatyouplantouseinUnitymode. (Optional)ToautomaticallyminimizetheWorkstationwindowwhenyouenter Unitymode,dothefollowing: a b c ChooseEdit>Preferences. ClicktheDisplaytab. SelectMinimizeWorkstationwhenenteringUnityandclickOK. ThisWorkstationpreferenceisusedforallvirtualmachines.
Enter and Exit Unity Mode

InUnitymode,avirtualmachinesapplicationslooklikeotherapplicationwindowson thehost,exceptthattheyhaveacoloredwindowborderandaVMwarelogointhe windowstitlebar. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethevirtualmachinemeetstheserequirements: ThevirtualmachinemustbeaWorkstation6orhighervirtualmachine. VMwareToolsmustbeinstalledandrunninginthevirtualmachinesguest operatingsystem.TheversionofVMwareToolsmustbetheversionincludedin Workstation6.5orhigher.Forinstructions,seeInstallingVMwareToolson page 100. TheguestoperatingsysteminthevirtualmachinemustbeLinuxorWindows2000 orlater. ForLinuxguestsandhosts,VMwarerecommendsthatyouuseamodernversion ofMetacityorKDE.PerformanceonLinuxdependsonacombinationofvariables suchasthesystem,theapplicationsthatarerunning,andtheamountofRAM. To enter and exit Unity mode 1 2 Inthevirtualmachine,opentheapplicationstouseinUnitymode. FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseView>Unity. AcheckmarkappearsnexttoUnityinthemenu. ThevirtualmachinesconsoleviewintheWorkstationwindowishidden,andthe guestsopenapplicationsappearinapplicationwindowsonthehostsdesktop. YoucanalsoenterUnitymodefromfullscreenmode. 3 ToexitUnitymode,displaytheWorkstationwindowandchooseView>Unityto removethecheckmarknexttoUnity,orclickExitUnityinthevirtualmachines consoleview.
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Access a Virtual Machines Start or Applications Menu in Unity Mode

Ifconfiguredtodoso,avirtualmachineinUnitymodecandisplayaStartor ApplicationsmenuabovethehostsStartorApplicationsmenu.Thisfeatureenables easyaccesstoapplicationsinthevirtualmachinethatarenotopeninUnitymode. Beforeyoubegin,verifythatthevirtualmachineisconfiguredtousethisfeature. See SetPreferencesforUnityModeonpage 152. To access a virtual machines Start or Applications menu in Unity mode 1 2 ToenterUnitymode,poweronavirtualmachine,openoneormoreapplications, andchooseView>UnityfromtheWorkstationmenubar. TodisplaythevirtualmachinesStartorApplicationsmenuonthehost,dooneof thefollowing: PointtotheStartmenuonWindowshostsortotheupperleftcornerofthe primarymonitoronLinuxhosts. PressCtrl+Shift+V. IfyouhavemultiplevirtualmachinesinUnitymode,youcannavigate betweenmultipleStartandApplicationsmenusbyusingstandard navigationkeyssuchasarrowkeys,Tab,andShift+Tab.Youcanselectoneby usingstandardkeyssuchasEnterandthespacebar.
Use Full Screen Mode

Infullscreenmode,thevirtualmachinedisplayfillsthescreen,sothatyoucannotsee thebordersoftheWorkstationwindow. Figure 7-1. Full Screen Toolbar on a Windows Host
Cycle multiple monitors button Next VM button System menu Selector arrow
Beforeyoubegin,makesuretheguestoperatingsystemhasVMwareToolsinstalled. SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 100. NOTEIfyouplantorunthevirtualmachineinfullscreenmodeonalaptopcomputer, alsosettheguesttoreportbatteryinformation.SeeReportBatteryInformationinthe Guestonpage 157.
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To use full screen mode 1 2 3 Selectthevirtualmachineandmakesureitispoweredon. Ifyouhavemultiplemonitors,movetheWorkstationwindowintothemonitorto useforfullscreenmode. ChooseView>FullScreen. Ifyoucannotenterfullscreenmodewhentheguestsdisplaymodeissmallerthan thehostsdisplaymode,tryaddingthefollowinglinetothevirtualmachines configuration(.vmx)file:
mks.maxRefreshRate=1000
Formoreinformationabouttheconfigurationfile,seeFilesThatMakeUpa VirtualMachineonpage 93. 4 (Optional)Youcanperformthefollowingoptionaltasks: Toswitchfromfullscreenmodebacktowindowedmode,whichshowsthe virtualmachineinsideaWorkstationwindowagain,pressCtrl+Alt+Enter. Tohidethefullscreentoolbarandmenuswhileyouareusingfullscreen mode,clickthepushpiniconandmovethepointeroffofthetoolbar. Thisactionunpinsthetoolbar.Thetoolbarslidesuptothetopofthemonitor anddisappears.Todisplaythetoolbaragain,pointtothetopofthescreen untilthetoolbarappears. Ifyoucannotdisplaythefullscreentoolbar,seeSetPreferencesforAutofit, FullScreenMode,andUnityModeonpage 156. Toswitchfromonepoweredonvirtualmachinetoanotherwhileinfull screenmode,dooneofthefollowing: Togotoaspecificpoweredonvirtualmachine,clickthevirtualmachine arrow,asshowninFigure 71,andselectthevirtualmachine. Togotothenextvirtualmachine,pressCtrl+Alt+rightarrow,orpress Ctrl+Alt+leftarrowtogotothepreviousvirtualmachine. UsetheVMmenuonthetoolbartoaccesstheWorkstationVMmenu commands. UsetheSystemmenutoswitchtoUnitymodeorexclusivemode,ortouse theautofitcommandtoadjustscreenresolution. Todisplaythevirtualmachineacrosstwoormoremonitorsinfullscreen mode,seeUseMultipleMonitorsforOneVirtualMachineonpage 159.
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Set Preferences for Autofit, Full Screen Mode, and Unity Mode
Youcansetpreferencesforhowthedisplaysettingsofallvirtualmachinesadjusttofit theWorkstationwindow.TheseadjustmentsoccurwhenyouresizetheWorkstation windoworwhenyouchangethedisplaysettingsinsidetheguest. Youcanalsoconfigurehowthehostandguestdisplaysettingsinteractwhenyouenter fullscreenmodeandUnitymode. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatVMwareToolsisinstalledintheguestoperating systemsinthevirtualmachines. To set preferences for autofit, full screen mode, and Unity mode 1 2 3 4 ChooseEdit>Preferences. ClicktheDisplaytab. SelectoneormorecheckboxesintheAutofitsection. UsethefollowinginformationtohelpyoucompletetheFullScreensection: SelectAutofitguesttochangetheguestsresolutionsettingstomatchthe displaysettingsofthehostwhileyouareinfullscreenmode. SelectStretchguesttoretaintheguestsresolutionsettingsbutstillhavethe displayfillthefullscreen. Thissettingisusefulifyouneedtoretainaguestslowresolutionsettings. For example,usethissettingtoplayoldercomputergamesthatrunonlyat lowresolutions. SelectCenterguesttohavebothhostandguestretaintheirowndisplay settingswhileyouareinfullscreenmode. IfyoudeselectShowtoolbaredgewhenunpinned,youwillnotbeableto displaythefullscreentoolbarbyplacingyourmousecursornearthetopof thescreen.Todisplayitagain,usethepreferenceseditorandselectShow toolbaredgewhenunpinnedagain. 5 Ifyouplantohavemultiplevirtualmachinesrunning,withsomeinUnitymode andsomeaccessibleonlyintheWorkstationwindow,donotselectthe Minimize WorkstationwhenenteringUnitycheckbox. ClickOK.
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Report Battery Information in the Guest

Ifyourunavirtualmachineonalaptopinfullscreenmode,configuretheoptionto reportbatteryinformationintheguest.Thisway,youcandeterminewhenthebattery isrunninglow. To report battery information in the guest 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectPower. SelecttheReportbatteryinformationtoguestcheckboxandclickOK.
Use Quick Switch Mode

Inquickswitchmode,thevirtualmachinesscreenisresizedtofillthescreen completely,exceptforthespacethatthetabsoccupy. Beforeyoubegin,makesuretheguestoperatingsystemhasVMwareToolsinstalled. SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 100. Quickswitchmodeissimilartofullscreenmodewiththeadditionoftabsatthetopof thescreenforswitchingfromonevirtualmachinetoanother.Theotherdifferenceis thatyoucanusequickswitchmodewithvirtualmachinesthatarepoweredonoroff. To use quick switch mode 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseView>QuickSwitch. (Optional)ToviewtheWorkstationmenuandtoolbarwhileusingquickswitch mode,pointtothetopofthescreen. (Optional)Toresizeaguestoperatingsystemsdisplaysothatitfillsasmuchofthe screenaspossibleinquickswitchmode,chooseView>FitGuestNow. Toexitquickswitchmode,pointtothetopofthescreenandchooseView>Quick Switch.
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Use Exclusive Mode

Youmightwanttouseexclusivemodetorungraphicsintensiveapplications,suchas games,infullscreenmode. Beforeyoubegin,makesuretheguestoperatingsystemhasVMwareToolsinstalled. SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 100. Likefullscreenmode,exclusivemodecausestheWorkstationvirtualmachinedisplay tofillthescreen.Drawbackstousingexclusivemodeincludethefollowing: Thefullscreentoolbarisnotavailableinexclusivemode.Toconfigureanyvirtual machinesettings,youneedtoexitexclusivemode(pressCtrl+Alt). Exclusivemodedoesnotusemultiplemonitors. Exclusivemodecausesthehostresolutiontoresize,whichcancauseitemsonthe hostdesktoptobemoved. To use exclusive mode 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredon. Ifyouhavemultiplemonitors,movetheWorkstationwindowontothemonitor youwanttouse. PressCtrl+Alt+Enter. Onthefullscreentoolbar,dooneofthefollowing: OnWindowshosts,clicktheWorkstationicontodisplaythesystemmenu andchooseExclusiveMode.
OnLinuxhosts,clicktheViewmenuonthefullscreentoolbarandchoose ExclusiveMode. 6 Toexitexclusivemodeandreturntowindowedmode,pressCtrl+Alt.
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Use Multiple Monitors for One Virtual Machine

Ifyourhosthasamultiplemonitordisplay,youcanconfigureavirtualmachinetouse twoormoremonitors. OnWindowsguests,youdonotneedtousetheWindowsdisplaypropertiessettings toconfiguremultiplemonitors. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethevirtualmachinemeetstheserequirements: ThevirtualmachineisaWorkstation6orhighervirtualmachine. VMwareToolsisinstalledandrunninginthevirtualmachinesguestoperating system.TheversionofVMwareToolsmustbetheversionincludedinWorkstation6 orhigher.Forinstructions,seeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 100. TheguestoperatingsysteminthevirtualmachineisWindowsXP,WindowsVista, orLinux. Onthehost,thedisplaysettingsformonitorsmustbesetinacompatibletopology. Forexample,theleftmostmonitorcannotbeplacedlowerthananyothermonitor inthedisplaytopology.Itdoesnotmatterifthemonitorshavedifferentresolutions ororientations.Whenenteringfullscreenmode,themonitorthatcontainsthe Workstationwindowcannotbelowerthananothermonitor. Putanotherway:WhenyouusetheWindowsdisplaypropertiescontrols,ifyou selectamonitoriconandbegintodragittoanewlocation,atooltipdisplaysthe coordinates.Ifacoordinateshownforthenewlocationoftheiconisanegative number,thatlocationwillnotwork. To use multiple monitors for one virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 6 ChooseEdit>Preferences. ClicktheDisplaytabandintheFullScreensection,selectAutofitguestandclick OK. Selectavirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectDisplay. IfDisplaydoesnotappearinthelistontheHardwaretab,itprobablymeansthat thevirtualmachineisaWorkstation4or5virtualmachine.OnlyWorkstation6or highervirtualmachineshavethisfeature.
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OnthesettingspanelfortheDisplaytab,specifyhowtodeterminethenumberof monitors. Inmostcases,selectUsehostsettingformonitors.Ifthevirtualmachineisrunon ahostthatisusingonemonitor,thevirtualmachinedetectsonlyonemonitor.But ifthesamevirtualmachineismovedtoahostthatisusingtwomonitors,the virtualmachinedetectstwomonitors. Thenumberofmonitorsdependsonthenumberofmonitorsthatthehost recognizesatstartup.Forexample,ifyoupoweronalaptopthatisundocked,the hostsettingisonemonitor,evenifyoulaterplacetherunninglaptopinadocking stationthatusestwomonitors. Similarly,ifthehosthasonemonitorandyoususpendthevirtualmachineand changethehosttohavetwomonitors,whenyouresumethevirtualmachine,itis stillconfiguredtouseonemonitor.Youmustrestartthevirtualmachinetodetect thenewsettings. Youmightwanttosetaspecificnumberofmonitorsif,forexample,youare writinganapplicationtobedisplayedonmultiplemonitorsbutthehostyouare usinghasonlyonemonitor.
Ifyousetaspecificnumberofmonitors,specifyasufficientmaximumresolution. Theresolutionofahostmonitorthatyouusetodisplaythevirtualmachinemust notexceedtheMaximumresolutionsettingthatyouspecify.
PoweronthevirtualmachineandchooseView>FullScreen. Formoreinformation,seeUseFullScreenModeonpage 154. Makesurethevirtualmachineiscompletelypoweredon.Ifwhenyoupoweron thevirtualmachine,itissettoberestoredfromasnapshotandifbackground snapshotsareenabled,poweringonmighttakelonger.Inthiscase,displayingthe virtualmachinetotwomonitorsmightnotworkcorrectlyatfirst.Ifyouseethis issue,gotoEdit>Preferences>Priorityanddeselectthecheckboxcalled Take andrestoresnapshotsinthebackground.
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Onthefullscreentoolbar,clicktheCycleMultipleMonitorsbutton. Thisbuttonisavailableonlyifthehosthasmultiplemonitors.Thisbuttonisshown inFigure 71,FullScreenToolbaronaWindowsHost,onpage 154. ClickingtheCycleMultipleMonitorsbuttoncausestheguestoperatingsystems desktoptoextendtotheadditionalmonitorormonitors. Ifthevirtualmachinedoesnotappearcorrectly,usethesystemmenu(on Windowshosts)ortheViewmenu(onLinuxhosts)andselectAutofitGuest.
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Ifyouhavemorethantwomonitors,andyouwantthevirtualmachinetouse them,clicktheCycleMultipleMonitorsbuttonagain. Theorderinwhichthemonitorsareuseddependsontheorderinwhichthe monitorswereaddedtothehostoperatingsystem.
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Toreturntousingonlyonemonitor,clicktheCycleMultipleMonitorsbutton untilthedisplayreturnstoonemonitor.
Use Multiple Monitors for Multiple Virtual Machines

Ifyourhosthasamultiplemonitordisplay,youcanrunadifferentvirtualmachineon eachmonitor. Beforeyoubegin,makesuretheguestoperatingsystemhasVMwareToolsinstalled. SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 100. To use multiple monitors for multiple virtual machines 1 ToopenmultipleWorkstationwindows,chooseFile>New>Window. OnLinuxhosts,althoughyoucanhavemultipleWorkstationwindows,the windowsoperateinasingleWorkstationprocess,whichsavesmemoryandallows preferencesandFavoriteslistitemstobeshared. 2 (Optional)OnLinuxhosts,torunseparateWorkstationprocessesindifferent X servers,startthesecondinstanceofWorkstationwiththe-Wflag. Inaterminalwindow,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware -W &
StartoneormorevirtualmachinesineachWorkstationwindow. Ifyouhaveavirtualmachinerunninginonewindowandyouwanttorunthat virtualmachineinanotherWorkstationwindow,closethevirtualmachineinthe firstwindowbeforeyouattempttoopenitinanother.
4 5
DrageachWorkstationwindowtothemonitoronwhichyouwanttouseit. Toswitchmouseandkeyboardinputfromthevirtualmachineonthefirstmonitor tothevirtualmachineonthesecondmonitor,movethemousepointerfromone screentotheotherandclickinsidethesecondmonitor.
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Fitting the Workstation Console to the Virtual Machine Display

TheAutofitandFitcommandsintheViewmenuallowyoutomatchtheWorkstation consolewiththeguestoperatingsystemdisplaysize. WithbothAutofitcommandstoggledoff,Workstationdoesnotautomaticallymatch windowsizesasyouwork.ScrollbarsappearintheconsolewhentheWorkstation consoleissmallerthantheguestoperatingsystemdisplay.Ablackborderappearsin theconsolewhentheconsoleislargerthantheguestoperatingsystemdisplay. TheAutofitandFitcommandsaredescribedinTable 71. Table 7-1. Autofit and Fit Commands
View Menu Command AutofitWindow Description CausestheWorkstationconsoletomaintainthesizeofthevirtual machinesdisplayresolution.Iftheguestoperatingsystemchangesits resolution,theWorkstationconsoleresizestomatchthenewresolution. Causesthevirtualmachinetoresizetheguestdisplayresolutionto matchthesizeoftheWorkstationconsole. CausestheWorkstationconsoletomatchthecurrentdisplaysizeofthe guestoperatingsystem. Causestheguestoperatingsystemdisplaysizetomatchthecurrent Workstationconsole.
AutofitGuest FitWindowNow FitGuestNow
AnAutofitcommandistoggledonoroffeachtimeyouselectit.IfAutofitWindow andAutofitGuestaretoggledon,youcanmanuallyresizetheWorkstationconsole, buttheguestoperatingsystemcanalsoresizetheWorkstationconsole. TheFitWindowNoworFitGuestNowcommandisredundantifthecorresponding Autofitcommandisactivebecausetheconsoleandtheguestoperatingsystemdisplay arethesamesize.
Display Resizing in Linux Guests

ForLinuxguests,thefollowingconsiderationsapplytodisplayresizing: Ifyouhavevirtualmachinesthatweresuspendedunderaversionof VMware Toolsearlierthanversion5.5,displayresizingdoesnotworkuntilthe virtualmachinesarecompletelypoweredoffandpoweredonagain.(Rebooting theguestoperatingsystemisnotsufficient.) UpdateVMwareToolstothelatestversionintheguestforthedisplayresizing optionstowork.
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BeforeyoucanusetheAutofitGuestandFitGuestNowoptions,VMwareTools mustberunning. AlltherestrictionsforresizingthattheX11Windowssystemimposesonphysical hostsapplytoguests: Youcannotresizetoamodethatisnotdefined.TheVMwareTools configurationscriptcanaddalargenumberofmodelines,butyoucannot resizein1pixelincrementsasyoucaninWindows.VMwareToolsadds modelinesin100pixelincrements.Thismeansyoucannotresizeaguest largerthanthelargestmodedefinedinyourX11configurationfile.Ifyou attempttoresizelargerthanthatmode,ablackborderappearsandtheguest stopsincreasing. TheXserveralwaysstartsupinthelargestresolutionthatisdefined. You cannotavoidthisrestriction.TheXDM/KDM/GDMloginscreenalways appearsatthelargestsize.ButGnomeandKDEallowyoutospecifyyour preferredresolution,sothatyoucanreducetheguestdisplaysizeafteryou login.
Display Resizing in Solaris Guests

ForSolaris10guests,thefollowingconsiderationsapplytodisplayresizing: UpdateVMwareToolstoversion6.0orhigherintheguestforthedisplayresizing optionstowork. BeforeyoucanusetheAutofitGuestandFitGuestNowoptions,VMwareTools mustberunning. Solaris10guestsmustberunninganXorgXserverandJDS/Gnome.
Working with Nonstandard Resolutions

Aguestoperatingsystemanditsapplicationsmightreactunexpectedlywhenthe WorkstationconsolesizeisnotastandardVESAresolution(640480,800600, 1024768,andsoon). Forexample,theAutofitGuestandFitGuestNowcommandsallowyourguest operatingsystemscreenresolutiontobesetsmallerthan640480,butsomeinstallers donotrunatresolutionssmallerthan640480.Programsmightrefusetorun.Error messagesmightincludesuchphrasesasVGARequiredtoInstallorYoumusthave VGAtoinstall.
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Useoneofthefollowingstrategiestoworkaroundthisproblemwithnonstandard resolutions: Ifyourhostcomputersscreenresolutionishighenough,youcanenlargethe windowandchooseFitGuestNow. Ifyourhostcomputersscreenresolutiondoesnotallowyoutoenlargethe Workstationconsolesufficiently,youcanmanuallysettheguestoperating systemsscreenresolutionto640480orlarger.
Configuring Video and Sound

Forbestcolorandgraphicsdisplay,youmustcoordinatehostandguestcolorsettings. WorkstationalsosupportsgamesandapplicationsthatuseDirectX9accelerated graphics,butyoumustperformsome3Dpreparationtasksonthehostandguest. Withregardstosoundsupport,Workstationusuallyinstallsthenecessarydrivers,but onsomeoftheoldestandnewestguestoperatingsystems,youmustmanuallyinstall adriver.
Setting Screen Color Depth

Thenumberofscreencolorsavailableintheguestoperatingsystemdependsonthe screencolorsettingofthehostoperatingsystem. Virtualmachinessupport: 16color(VGA)mode 8bitpseudocolor 16bitsperpixel(16significantbitsperpixel) 32bitsperpixel(24significantbitsperpixel) Ifthehostisin15bitcolormode,theguestoperatingsystemscolorsettingcontrols offer15bitmodeinplaceof16bitmode. Ifthehostisin24bitcolormode,theguestoperatingsystemscolorsettingcontrols offer24bitmodeinplaceof32bitmode. Ifyourunaguestoperatingsystemsetforagreaternumberofcolorsthanyourhost operatingsystemisusing,youcanencounterproblems.Insomecases,forexample,the colorsintheguestarenotcorrect.Inothers,theguestoperatingsystemcannotusea graphicalinterface.
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Youcantryeitherofthefollowingsolutions: Increasethenumberofcolorsavailableonthehost. Decreasethenumberofcolorsusedintheguest. Forbestperformance,usethesamenumberofcolorsintheguestandonthehost.
Changing Screen Color Depth on the Host

Ifyouchoosetochangethecolorsettingsonthehostoperatingsystem,shutdownall guestoperatingsystems,poweroffthevirtualmachines,andcloseWorkstation. Followstandardproceduresforchangingthecolorsettingsonyourhostoperating systemandrestartWorkstationandthevirtualmachines.
Changing Screen Color Depth in the Guest

Theapproachyoutaketochangethecolorsettingsintheguestoperatingsystem dependsontheguestoperatingsystem. Followtheprocessforchangingscreencolorsintheguestoperatingsystem: InaWindowsguest,theDisplayPropertiescontrolpaneloffersonlythosesettings thataresupported. InaLinuxorFreeBSDguest,youmustchangethecolordepthbeforeyoustartthe Xserver,oryoumustrestarttheXserveraftermakingthechanges.
Support for Direct3D Graphics

Totakeadvantageofthe3DcapabilitiesofWorkstation,thevirtualmachinemustbe runningtheversionofVMwareToolsincludedwithWorkstation6.5orhigher. For example,youdonotneedtoupgradeaWorkstation6.0virtualmachineto Workstation 6.5,butyoudoneedtoupgradetheVMwareToolsrunninginsideit.Ifyou movethevirtualmachineandwanttousethe3Dcapabilities,besureyouhavethe correctversionofVMwareToolsinstalled.
Accelerated 3-D Restrictions

SupportforapplicationsthatuseDirectX9acceleratedgraphicsappliesonlyto WindowsXPguests,onhostsrunningWindows2000,WindowsXP,WindowsVista,or Linux.
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Thisfeaturecurrentlyhasthefollowingrestrictions: WorkstationnowofferssupportforDirectXgamesandapplicationswithDirectX versions9andlower. Supportfor3Dapplicationsisnotoptimizedforperformance. OpenGLapplicationsruninsoftwareemulationmode. Youcannotusetherecord/replayfeaturetorecorda3Dapplication.
Prepare a Host for Accelerated 3-D

Bydefault,Direct3DtechnologyisenabledforWorkstation6andlatervirtual machines.Youmustpreparethehostfirst,thevirtualmachinesecond,andtheguest operatingsystemlast. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethehostoperatingsystemisWindows2000,WindowsXP, WindowsVista,orLinux.ForWindowshosts,makesureyouhaveavideocardthat supportsDirectX9andthelatestDirectXRuntime.ForLinuxhosts,makesurethehost hasavideocardthatcanrunacceleratedOpenGL2.0.Ifyouareunsure,checkwith yourhardwaremanufacturer. To prepare a host for accelerated 3-D 1 Upgradethehostsvideodriverstothelatestversionavailable: a b 2 ATIGraphicsdriversareavailablefromtheAMDWebsite. NVIDIAdriversareavailablefromtheNVIDIAWebsite.
IfyouareusingaWindowsXPhost,turnuphardwareaccelerationinthedisplay properties: a b RightclickthedesktopandchooseProperties>Settings>Advanced> Troubleshoot. MovetheHardware AccelerationsliderallthewaytotheFullposition.
IfyouareusingLinux,testyourLinuxhostforcompatibility: a Toverifythatdirectrenderingisenabled,run:
glxinfo | grep direct
Toensurethat3Dapplicationsworkonyourhost,run:
glxgears
Afteryourhostisconfigured,configureavirtualmachineforaccelerated3D.
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Prepare a Virtual Machine for Accelerated 3-D

Beforeyoubegin,makesuretheguestoperatingsystemisWindowsXP. To prepare a virtual machine for accelerated 3-D 1 2 3 4 5 6 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoffratherthansuspended. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectDisplay. IntheMonitorssection,ifthevirtualmachineissettousemorethanonemonitor, setittouseonlyonemonitor. Inthe3DGraphicssection,makesurethecheckboxisselectedandclickOK.
Prepare the Guest Operating System for Accelerated 3-D

Beforeyoubegin,makesuretheguestoperatingsystemisWindowsXPandmakesure thelatestversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled.SeeInstallingVMwareToolson page 100. To prepare the guest operating system for accelerated 3-D 1 2 Poweronthevirtualmachine. InstallDirectX9.0cEndUserRuntime. ThisdownloadisavailablefromMicrosoftDownloadCenter. 3 Installandrunyour3Dapplications.
Configuring Sound
WorkstationprovidesasounddevicecompatiblewiththeSoundBlasterAudioPCIand supportssoundinWindows95,Windows98,WindowsMe,WindowsNT, Windows 2000,WindowsXP,WindowsServer2003,andLinuxguestoperating systems.TheWorkstationsounddeviceisenabledbydefault. Soundsupportincludespulsecodemodulation(PCM)outputandinput.Forexample, youcanplay.wavfiles,MP3audio,andRealMediaaudio.MIDIoutputfromWindows guestsissupportedthroughtheWindowssoftwaresynthesizer.MIDIinputisnot supported,andnoMIDIsupportisavailableforLinuxguests. Windows2000,WindowsXP,andmostrecentLinuxdistributionsautomaticallydetect thesounddeviceandinstallappropriatedriversforit.
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ForWindowsVista,whenyouinstallVMwareToolsina64bitWindowsVistaguest operatingsystem,asounddriverisinstalled.For32bitWindowsVistaguestsand Windows2003Serverguests,useWindowsUpdatetoinstalla32bitdriver.
Installing Sound Drivers in Windows 9x and NT Guests

Windows95,Windows98,Windows98SE,andWindowsNT4.0donothavedrivers fortheSoundBlasterAudioPCIadapter.Tousesoundintheseguestoperatingsystems, downloadthedriverfromtheCreativeLabsWebsiteandinstallitintheguest operatingsystem. CreativeLabshasanumberofWebsitesservingvariousregionsoftheworld. The adapternamevaries,dependingontheregion,butusuallyincludesPCI128.
Install New Software in a Virtual Machine

Installingnewsoftwareinavirtualmachineislikeinstallingitonaphysicalcomputer. Onlyafewadditionalstepsarerequired. To install new software in a virtual machine 1 2 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>RemovableDevicesandverifythatthevirtualmachinehasaccess totheCDROMdrive,ISOimagefile,orfloppydrivewheretheinstallation softwareislocated. Formoreinformation,seeAddDVDorCDDrivestoaVirtualMachineon page 234. 3 ChooseVM>SettingsandusetheMemorysettingspanelontheHardwaretabto setthefinalmemorysizeforthevirtualmachine. Someapplicationsuseaproductactivationfeaturethatcreatesakeybasedonthe virtualhardwareinthevirtualmachinewhereitisinstalled.Changesinthe configurationofthevirtualmachinemightrequireyoutoreactivatethesoftware. Tominimizethenumberofsignificantchanges,setthememorysize. 4 InstallVMwareToolsintheguestoperatingsystem. SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 100.InstallingVMwareToolsbefore installingthenewapplicationalsominimizesthelikelihoodofrequiringyouto reactivatethesoftware. 5 Installthenewapplicationaccordingtothemanufacturersinstructions.
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Disable Acceleration If a Program Does Not Run

Occasionally,whenyouinstallorrunsoftwareinsideavirtualmachine,Workstation appearstofreeze.Inmanycases,youcangetpasttheproblembytemporarilydisabling accelerationinthevirtualmachine. Ifthisproblemoccurs,itusuallyoccursearlyintheprogramsexecution. To disable acceleration 1 Selectthevirtualmachine. Thevirtualmachinecanbepoweredofforon. 2 3 4 ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectProcessors. IntheExecutionModesection,selectDisableaccelerationforbinarytranslation andclickOK. Thissettingslowsdownvirtualmachineperformance.VMwarerecommendsthat youusethesettingonlyforgettingpasttheproblemwithrunningtheprogram. 5 Afteryoupassthepointwheretheprogramencounteredproblems,repeatStep 2 throughStep 4anddeselectDisableaccelerationforbinarytranslation.
Use Removable Devices in a Virtual Machine

Youcanconfigureanumberofremovabledevicesforuseinavirtualmachine, includingfloppydrives,DVD/CDROMdrives,USBdevices,smartcardreaders,and networkadapters. Somedevicescannotbeusedbythehostandguestorbymultipleguestsatthesame time.Forexample,ifthehostisusingafloppydrive,youmustconnectittothevirtual machinebeforeyoucanuseitinthevirtualmachine.Touseitonthehostagain,you mustdisconnectitfromthevirtualmachine. Forinformationabouthowtoaddorconfigurespecificdevices,seeChapter 16, ConnectingDevices,onpage 313andChapter 11,UsingDisksandDiskDrives,on page 219. To use removable devices in a virtual machine 1 2 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredon.
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ChooseVM>RemovableDevices><Device_Name>andthenConnect, Disconnect,oroneoftheotherchoices. IfyouchooseSettings,adialogboxappears.Makethedesiredchangesandclick OK.Ifyouneedassistance,clickHelptodisplayonlinehelp. IfthedeviceisaUSBdevice,youcanchangewhichiconisusedtorepresentthis deviceinthestatusbar.Youcanalsochoosenottodisplayaniconforthisdevice.
(Optional)Toconnect,disconnect,orchangesettingsforadevice,clickor rightclickthedeviceiconinthenotificationareaofthetaskbarandchoosea commandfromthecontextmenu. Usingthedeviceiconinthevirtualmachinetaskbarisespeciallyusefulifyourun thevirtualmachineinfullscreenmode.
Configure the Appliance View for a Virtual Machine

Tohaveavirtualmachinefunctionasanappliance,suchasaWebserverwitha browserbasedinterface,setthevirtualmachinetodisplayitsapplianceviewwhen startingup. Beforeyoubegin,verifythatthevirtualmachineisaWorkstation6orhighervirtual machine.Forinstructionsonupgrading,seeChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachine onpage 91. Theapplianceviewdoesthefollowing: Displaysabriefdescriptionofthetypeofserverorappliance Providesalinkthatopensthebrowseronthehostsystemandconnectstothe appliancesmanagementconsole NOTETheapplianceviewcannotbedisplayedforvirtualmachinesthatarepartofa team,justasthesummaryviewisnotdisplayedforindividualmembersofateam. To configure the appliance view for a virtual machine 1 (Optional)Tousealogointheapplianceview,createaPNGorBMPimagefilethat isnolargerthan256x256pixelsandplaceitinthedirectorythatcontainsthe.vmx fileforthevirtualmachine. Selectthevirtualmachine. Thevirtualmachinecanbepoweredonoroff. 3 4
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ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectApplianceView.
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SelecttheEnableapplianceviewcheckbox. Completethefieldsonthissettingspaneltocreatethetextandimagesthatusers seewhenthevirtualmachinestartsup. Usethefollowinginformationtoconfigurethesettingsonthispanel: OnlytheNamefieldisrequired. SpecifytheTCP/IPportnumberfortheappliancetousetoserveHTTPcontent. IfyoudonotselectSwitchtoapplianceviewatpoweron,theconsoleview appearsinsteadoftheapplianceview.Oftentheconsoleviewshowsonlya simpledisplayofthevirtualmachinesIPaddressandtellstheusertoopena browser.
ClickOK.
Whenauserstartsthisvirtualmachine,theapplianceviewappears.Apoweringon messageappears,followedbyalinktoaccesstheappliancesmanagementconsole.
Create a Screenshot of a Virtual Machine

Youcancaptureascreenshotofavirtualmachineandsaveittotheclipboard,toafile, orboth.OnLinuxhosts,savingtotheclipboardworksonlyonsystemsrunning Gnome 2.12orhigher. Bydefault,theimageissavedasaportablenetworkgraphics(.png)file.OnWindows hosts,youcanalsosaveitasabitmap(.bmp)file. To create a screenshot of a virtual machine 1 Specifyyourpreferencesfortakingscreenshots: a b c FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseEdit>Preferences. OntheWorkspacetab,usetheSavescreenshotstocheckboxestospecify whethertosavethescreenshottotheclipboard,afile,orboth. IfyouselectFile,specifywhethertosavethefiletoyourdesktoportobe promptedforthelocationwhenyoutakethescreenshot. IfyouselectSavetodesktop,thefilenameisgeneratedautomaticallyfromthe virtualmachinenameandthetimeatwhichthescreenshotistaken.Thefile formatis.pngfile. OnWindowshosts,ifyouselectAskforlocation,whenyouarepromptedfor thefilenameandpath,youcanalsochangethefileformattobitmap. d
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Totakethescreenshot,dooneofthefollowing: FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseVM>CaptureScreen. PressCtrl+Alt+PrtScr(onWindowshosts)orShift+Ctrl+PrtScr(onLinux hosts). Thekeyboardshortcutworksregardlessofwhethermouseandkeyboard inputiscurrentlygrabbedbythevirtualmachineorthehost. ThekeycombinationCtrl+Alt+PrtScrassumesthatyourvirtualmachineis configuredtoungrabkeyboardandmouseinputifyoupressCtrl+Alt.Ifyou configuredadifferentshortcutforungrabbinginput,usethatshortcutwith thePrtScrkey.SeeChangetheHotKeyCombinationonpage 71.
Create and Play Back a Movie of a Virtual Machine

Youcancaptureamovieofyourscreenactivitywithinavirtualmachine. Beforeyoubegin,makesureyouhavetheVMwaremoviedecoder.Althoughyoucan captureamovieonLinux,youneedtoplayitbackonaWindowsmachine.The VMwareCODEC(coderdecoder)isautomaticallyinstalledwithWorkstationon Windowshosts.Aseparatelydownloadableinstallerisalsoavailabletoplayback moviesonWindowsmachineswithoutWorkstation.GototheDownloadspageonthe VMwareWebsiteandclicktheTools&DriverstabontheVMwareWorkstation downloadpage. NOTEToactuallyrecordtheexecutionofthevirtualmachineinsteadofcreatinga movie,seeChapter 12,RecordingandReplayingVirtualMachineActivity,on page 239.Youmightwanttorecordvirtualmachineexecutionfordebuggingpurposes ortoexactlyreproducethestepsthatcauseacertainbehavior. To create and play back a movie of a virtual machine 1 2 3 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredon. ChooseVM>CaptureMovie.
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IntheSaveFiledialogbox,enterinformationforyourmovieandclickSave. Usethefollowingguidelines: TheQualitysettingdeterminesthecompressionandthereforethefilesizeof theresultingmovie. IfyouselectOmitframesinwhichnothingoccurs,themovieincludesonly thoseperiodswhensomethingisactuallyhappeninginthevirtualmachine. Thisreducesthefilesizeandlengthofthemovie. Whilemoviecaptureisactive,aredcircle(avirtualLED)appearsinthe notificationareaofthetaskbar.
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Inthevirtualmachine,performtheactionstoappearinthemovie. Tostopthemovie,chooseVM>StopMovieCapture. Ifyoudonotwanttousethemenubarorifyouareusingthevirtualmachinein fullscreenmode,rightclickthemoviecaptureiconandchooseStopMovie Capture. Workstationsavesthisimageasan.avifileonthehost.
Playthemoviebackinanycompatiblemediaplayer.
Advanced Options for Application Developers

ApplicationdeveloperscanusethefollowingAPIs,SDKs,andIDEswhenwritingand debuggingapplicationsthatruninvirtualmachines: VIXAPIforwritingprogramstoautomatevirtualmachineoperations TheAPI ishighlevel,easytouse,andpracticalforbothscriptwritersandapplication programmers.APIfunctionsallowyoutoregister,poweronoroffvirtual machines,andrunprogramsintheguestoperatingsystems.Additionallanguage bindingsareavailableforPerl,COM,andshellscripts(vmrun).Formore information,seetheVMwareVIXAPIReleaseNotes. VAssertAPIforinsertingreplayonlycodetodebugapplications The experimentalVAssertfeatureenablesyoutousevirtualassertionsasyouwould regularassertionsintheapplicationsyoudevelop.VAssertsappearonlywhenyou replayarecordingofusingtheapplicationandsoareoverheadfree.ThisAPIis currentlyavailableonlyforWindowsguests.SeetheVAssertProgrammingGuide.
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VProbestoolforinvestigatingguestbehavior YoucanwriteVProbesscripts thatinspectandrecordactivitiesintheguest,VMM,VMX,andvirtualdevicestate, withoutmodifyingthatstate.Forexample,VProbescantrackwhichapplications arerunningorindicatewhichprocessesarecausingpagefaults.SeetheVProbes ProgrammingReference. VMCISocketsinterface ThisfeatureisasocketsinterfacefortheVirtual MachineCommunicationInterface,whichprovidesafastermeansof communicationamongapplicationsrunningonthehostandinvirtualmachines. Thisfeatureiswellsuitedfordeveloperswhowanttowriteclientserver applications.SeetheVMCISocketsProgrammingGuide. IntegratedVirtualDebuggersforVisualStudioandEclipse Theintegrated developmentenvironment(IDE)pluginsprovideaconfigurableinterface betweenvirtualmachinesandVisualStudioorEclipsethatletsyoutest,run,and debugprogramsinvirtualmachines.SeeAppendix B,UsingtheIntegrated VirtualDebuggerforEclipse,onpage 471andAppendix C,UsingtheIntegrated VirtualDebuggerforVisualStudio,onpage 483.
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Transferring Files and Text Between the Host and Guest
Thischapterdiscusseshowtotransferfilesbetweenthehostandguest.Thischapter includesthefollowingtopics: UsingDragandDroponpage 175 UsingCopyandPasteonpage 176 UsingSharedFoldersonpage 177 UsingaMappedDriveforWindowsOnlyonpage 184
Using Drag-and-Drop
Tousethedraganddropfeature,VMwareToolsmustbeinstalledonthevirtual machine.ThisfeaturerequiresLinuxhostsandgueststorunXWindowsandSolaris10 gueststorunanXorgXserverandJDS/Gnome.Withthisfeature,youcanmovefiles anddirectorieseasilybetweenLinuxandWindowshostsandLinux,Windows,and Solaris10guests.However,thedraganddropfeaturedoesnotworkonWindows95 andWindows98guests. Youcandraganddropfilesorfoldersfromthefollowinglocations: Afilemanager,suchasWindowsExplorer,onthehosttoafilemanagerinthe virtualmachineandthereverse. Afilemanagertoanapplicationthatsupportsdraganddrop. Applicationssuchaszipfilemanagersthatsupportdraganddropextractionof individualfiles. Onevirtualmachinetoanother.
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Whenyoudragafileorfolderfromhosttovirtualmachineorthereverse,Workstation copiesthefileorfoldertothelocationwhereyoudropit.Forexample,ifyoudropafile onthedesktopiconofawordprocessor,thewordprocessoropenswithacopyofthe originalfile.Theoriginalfiledoesnotreflectanychangesyoumaketothecopy. Initially,theapplicationopensusingacopyofthefilethatisstoredinyourtemp directory.OnWindows,thisisthefilespecifiedinthe%TEMP%environmentvariable, andonLinuxandSolaris,itisthe/tmp/VMwareDnDdirectory.Toprotectanychanges youmake,chooseFile>SaveAsfromtheapplicationsmenuandsavethefileina differentdirectory.
Enable or Disable Drag-and-Drop

Topreventfilesfrombeingtransferredbetweenthevirtualmachineandthehost, disablethedraganddropfeature.Beforeyoubegin,makesureVMwareToolsis installedonthevirtualmachine. To enable or disable drag-and-drop 1 2 3 4 StartWorkstationandselectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectGuestIsolation. SelectordeselecttheEnabledraganddropcheckboxandclickOK.
Using Copy and Paste

Tousethecopyandpastefeature,VMwareToolsmustbeinstalledonthevirtual machine.ThisfeaturerequiresLinuxhostsandgueststorunXWindowsandSolaris10 gueststorunanXorgXserverandJDS/Gnome.Copyingandpastingtextandfiles workswithLinuxandWindowshostsandLinux,Windows,andSolaris10guests. However,thisfeaturedoesnotworkonWindows95,98,andNTguests. Youcancutorcopyandpastetextfromonevirtualmachinetoanother,butyoucannot copyandpastefilesbetweenvirtualmachines.Youcancutorcopyandpastetext betweenapplicationsinthevirtualmachineandthehostcomputerorbetweentwo virtualmachines.Usethenormalhotkeysormenuchoicestocutorcopyandpaste.
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Chapter 8 Transferring Files and Text Between the Host and Guest
Enable or Disable Copy and Paste

Topreventaccidentalcopyingandpastingfromoneenvironmenttoanother,disable thisfeature.Beforeyoubegin,VMwareToolsmustbeinstalledonthevirtualmachine. To enable or disable copy and paste 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstab,andselectGuestIsolation. SelectordeselecttheEnablecopyandpastecheckboxandclickOK.
Using Shared Folders

Withsharedfoldersyoucansharefilesamongvirtualmachinesandthehostcomputer. Youchooseadirectoryonthehostoronanetworkdirectorythatisaccessibletothe host,andyougiveitthenameyouwanttouseontheguest. Youcanusesharedfolderswithvirtualmachinesrunningthefollowingguest operatingsystemsandonallsupportedhostsystems: WindowsServer2003 WindowsXP Windows2000 WindowsNT4.0 WindowsVista Linuxwithakernelversionof2.4orhigher Solarisx8610 Solarisx8610Update1andhigher
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Set Up Shared Folders

Sharedfoldersprovideaneasywaytosharefilesamongvirtualmachines,andbetween virtualmachinesandthehost.Thedirectoriesyouaddassharedfolderscanbeonthe hostcomputerortheycanbenetworkdirectoriesaccessiblefromthehostcomputer. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethefollowingprerequisitesaresatisfied: Makesurethevirtualmachinesuseaguestoperatingsystemthatsupportsshared folders.Foralistofsupportedguestoperatingsystems,seeUsingShared Foldersonpage 177. VerifythatthecurrentversionofVMwareToolsinstalledintheguestoperating system.SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 100. Checkpermissionsettings.Accesstofilesinthesharedfolderisgovernedby permissionsettingsonthehostcomputer.Forexample,ifyouarerunning WorkstationasausernamedUser,thevirtualmachinecanreadandwritefilesin thesharedfolderonlyifUserhaspermissiontoreadandwritethem.For informationabouthowpermissionsettingaremappedbetweenLinuxand Windows,seeImprovedHandlingofPermissionsonpage 184. Tosetupafolderforsharingbetweenvirtualmachines,configureeachvirtualmachine tousethesamedirectoryonthehostsystem(oronthenetwork). To set up shared folders 1 2 3 4 StartWorkstationandselectavirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectSharedFolders. (Optional)Foreasyaccess,selecttheMapasanetworkdriveinWindowsguests checkboxtomapadrivetotheShared Foldersdirectory. Thisdirectorycontainsallthesharedfoldersyouenable.Thedriveletterisselected automatically. 5 ClickAdd. OnWindows,clickingAddstartstheAddSharedFolderwizard.OnLinux,it openstheSharedFolderPropertiesdialogbox.
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UsethefollowinginformationtocompletethewizardorPropertiesdialogbox: NameNamethatappearsinsidethevirtualmachine. Charactersthattheguestoperatingsystemconsidersillegalinasharename appeardifferentlywhenviewedinsidetheguest.Forexample,ifyouusean asteriskinasharename,yousee%002Ainsteadof*inthesharenameonthe guest.IllegalcharactersareconvertedtotheirASCIIhexadecimalvalue. HostfolderPathonthehosttothedirectorythatyouwanttoshare. Ifyouspecifyadirectoryonanetworkshare,suchasD:\share,Workstation alwaysattemptstousethatpath.Ifthedirectoryislaterconnectedtothehost onadifferentdriveletter,thesharedfoldercannotbelocated. EnabledorEnablethisshareDeselectthisoptiontodisableasharedfolder withoutdeletingitfromthevirtualmachineconfiguration.Youcanenablethe folderbyselectingthecheckboxnexttoitsnameinthelist. Toenableafolderatalatertimeselectitsnameinthelist,clickProperties,and enablethefolderinthePropertiesdialogbox. ReadonlySelectthisoptiontopreventthevirtualmachinefromchanging thecontentsofthesharedfolderinthehostfilesystem.Accesstofilesinthe sharedfolderisalsogovernedbypermissionsettingsonthehostcomputer. Tochangetheseproperties,usethePropertiesdialogbox.OnWindows,afteryou selectSharedFoldersontheOptionstab,clickProperties.
(Optional)Toenablesharedfoldersforavirtualmachineafterasharedfolderis created,ontheSharedFolderssettingspanel,usetheFolderSharingsection: SelectEnableduntilnextpowerofforsuspendtoenablefoldersharing temporarily,untilyoupowerofforsuspendthevirtualmachine. IfyouselectEnableduntilnextpowerofforsuspendandrestarttheguestor usetheguestoperatingsystemtoshutdown,sharedfoldersarenotdisabled whenyourestartthevirtualmachine. SelectAlwaysenabledtoenableordisablespecificfoldersintheFolders section.
Accesstheenabledsharedfolder: ForWindowsguests,seeViewSharedFoldersinaWindowsGueston page 182. OnLinuxguests,sharedfoldersappearunder/mnt/hgfs. OnSolarisguests,sharedfoldersappearunder/hgfs.
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Enabling and Disabling Shared Folders

Youcanenablesharedfoldersforvirtualmachinescreatedbyotherusers,enableor disableallfoldersharingforaspecificvirtualmachine,andenableaspecificshared folderforavirtualmachine. CAUTIONEnablingallsharedfolderscanposeasecurityriskbecauseasharedfolder mightenableexistingprogramsinsidethevirtualmachinetoaccessthehostfilesystem withoutyourknowledge.
Enable Shared Folders for Virtual Machines Created By Other Users

Asharedfolderisdisabledbydefaultifitwasnotcreatedbytheuserwhopowerson thevirtualmachine.Thisisasecurityprecaution. FoldersharingisalsodisabledbydefaultforWorkstation4and5virtualmachines regardlessofwhocreatedthefolder. To enable shared folders for virtual machines created by other users 1 2 ChooseEdit>Preferences. OntheWorkspacetab,intheVirtualMachinessection,selectEnableallshared foldersbydefault. Thissettingappliestosharedfoldersonallvirtualmachinesthatarecreatedby otherusers,suchasappliancedevelopers. Youcannowspecifywhichvirtualmachinescansharefoldersandwhichfolderscan beshared.
Enable or Disable Folder Sharing for Specific Virtual Machines

Toreducethesecuritythreatofenablingallsharedfolders,youmustspecifywhether aspecificvirtualmachineisallowedtosharefoldersandthenspecifywhichfoldersto share. To enable or disable folder sharing for specific virtual machines 1 2 3 Selectavirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectSharedFolders.
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UsethebuttonsintheFolderSharingsectiontoenableordisablesharedfolders andclickOK. YoucanselectEnableduntilnextpowerofforsuspendonlywhenthevirtual machineispoweredon.Thissettingenablesfoldersharingtemporarily,untilyou shutdown,suspend,orrestartthevirtualmachine.Youmustselectthisoptionor AlwaysenabledtoenableordisablespecificfoldersintheFolderssection.
IfthevirtualmachinehasaWindowsoperatingsystem,selectwhethertomapa networkdrive. OnWindows,ifyoudisablesharedfolders,afteryoupoweronavirtualmachine andattempttoselectamappeddrivetothesharedfolder,youreceiveamessage thattheconnectioncannotbemade.
Afteryouenablefoldersharingforavirtualmachine,specifywhichfolderscanbeshared.
Specify Which Folders to Share

Beforeyoubegin,makesurethevirtualmachineisallowedtosharefolders.See EnableorDisableFolderSharingforSpecificVirtualMachinesonpage 180. To specify which folders to share 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings>Options>SharedFolders. IntheFolderslistforthevirtualmachine,selectthecheckboxnexttothenameof thesharedfolderthatyouwanttoenable. (Optional)Tomakethesharedfolderreadonly,selectthesharedfolderandclick Properties,selectthereadonlycheckboxandclickOK.
Viewing a Shared Folder

Viewingsharedfoldersinaguestvariesbasedonwhethertheguestoperatingsystem isWindows,Solaris,orLinux.Youcanusesharedfolderstoshareanytypeoffiles. Todeterminewhichfoldersonthehostarebeingsharedwithavirtualmachine,choose VM>Settings>Options>SharedFolderstoseealistofthesharedfoldersandthe directorypathstothem. CAUTIONDonotopenafileinasharedfolderfrommorethanoneapplicationatatime. Forexample,donotopenthesamefileusinganapplicationonthehostoperating systemandanotherapplicationintheguestoperatingsystem.Ifoneoftheapplications writestothefile,datacorruptioncanoccur.
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View Shared Folders in a Windows Guest

InaWindowsguestoperatingsystem,youcanviewsharedfoldersusingdesktop icons. NOTEIfyourguestoperatingsystemhasVMwareToolsfromWorkstation4.0,shared foldersappearasfoldersonadesignateddriveletter. To view shared folders in a Windows guest LookinMyNetworkPlaces>EntireNetwork(NetworkNeighborhoodfora WindowsNTguest,orNetworkforWindowsVista)underVMwareShared Folders. Ifyouhavetroublefindingasharedfolderusingthedesktopicon,openWindows ExplorerandlookinMyNetworkPlaces(orNetworkNeighborhood). Toviewaspecificsharedfolder,dooneofthefollowing: NavigatetoitontheguestsystembyopeningMyNetworkPlaces>Entire Network>VMwareSharedFolders>.host>SharedFolders><shared_ folder_name>. GodirectlytothefolderusingtheUNCpath \\.host\Shared Folders\<shared_folder_name>.
View Shared Folders in a Linux or Solaris 10 Guest

Forinformationaboutpermissionsettingsonthefilesyouview,alsoseePermissions andFolderMountingforSharedFoldersonLinuxGuestsonpage 182. To view shared folders in a Linux or Solaris 10 guest OnaLinuxvirtualmachine,sharedfoldersappearunder/mnt/hgfs. OnaSolarisvirtualmachine,sharedfoldersappearunder/hgfs.
Permissions and Folder Mounting for Shared Folders on Linux Guests

TheversionofVMwareToolsincludedinWorkstation6.5containsperformance improvements,supportforsymboliclinksifyouuseaLinuxhost,anewmechanism formountingsharedfolders,andpermissionsenhancements.
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Performance Improvements
Hostguestfilesharingisintegratedwiththeguestpagecache.Filesinsharedfolders arecachedforreadingandcanbewrittentoasynchronously.However,youdonot experiencethereadcachingbenefitsonfilesthatarebeingactivelywrittentofromthe guest. Tospeedperformance,usethettl(timetolive)optiontothemountcommand.Usethis optiontospecifytheintervalusedbythehgfs(hostguestfilesystem)driverfor validatingfileattributes.Forexample,ifyouusethefollowingcommand,attributesare validatedevery3secondsinsteadofevery1second,whichisthedefault:
mount -o ttl=3 -t vmhgfs .host:/<share> <mountpoint>
NOTELengtheningtheintervalinvolvessomerisk.Ifaprocessinthehostmodifiesa filesattributes,theguestmightnotgetthemodificationsasquickly,andthefilecan becomecorrupted.
Folder Mounting
Thismechanismallowsyoutomountoneormoredirectoriesorsubdirectoriesina sharedfoldertoanylocationinyourfilesysteminadditiontothedefaultlocationof /mnt/hgfs.Youcanusethemountprogramtomountallshares,oneshare,ora subdirectorywithinasharetoanylocationinyourfilesystem.Thefollowingtable providesexamples.
Command mount -t vmhgfs .host:/ /home/user1/shares mount -t vmhgfs .host:/foo /tmp/foo mount -t vmhgfs .host:/foo/bar /var/lib/bar Description Mountsallsharesto /home/user1/shares Mountsthesharenamedfooto /tmp/foo Mountsthesubdirectorybarwithin thesharefooto/var/lib/bar
Whenyouusethemountprogram,youcanuseVMwarespecificoptionsinadditionto thestandardmountsyntax.Toseeusageinformationforthehostguestfilesystem options,enterthiscommand:

/sbin/mount.vmhgfs -h
NOTEWhenyouinstallVMwareTools,anentryismadetoetc/fstabtospecifythe locationofsharedfolders.Youcaneditthisfiletochangeoraddentries.
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Tousemountinthisway,youmustusethevirtualmachinesettingseditorin Workstationtosetupandenableasharedfolder.Aftertheshareexists,youcanmount thesharedfoldertootherlocationsbesidesthedefault. InpreviousversionsofVMwareTools,whenaLinuxguestattemptedtomounta sharedfolder,thevmware-guestdprogramattemptedtoperformthemount.Ifit failed,theonlyevidenceofthefailurewasanemptyfolder. WiththenewversionofVMwareTools,theToolsservicesscriptloadsadriverthat performsthemount.Ifthemountfails,amessageappearsregardingmountingHGFS shares. Themountcanfailifsharedfoldersaredisabledorifthesharedoesnotexist.Youare notpromptedtoreruntheVMwareToolsconfigurator(the vmware-config-tools.plfile).
Improved Handling of Permissions

ManyrefinementshavebeenmadeforLinuxguestsonbothLinuxandWindowshosts: IfyouuseaLinuxhostandcreatefilesthatyouwanttosharewithaLinuxguest, thefilepermissionsshownontheguestareexactlythesameasthoseonthehost. Usefmaskanddmasktomaskpermissionsbitsforfilesanddirectories. IfyouuseaWindowshostandcreatefilesthatyouwanttosharewithaLinux guest,readonlyfilesaredisplayedashavingreadandexecutepermissionfor everyone,andotherfilesareshownasfullywritablebyeveryone. IfyouuseaLinuxguesttocreatefilesforwhichyouwanttorestrictpermissions, usethemountprogramwiththefollowingoptionsintheguest:uid,gid,fmask, dmask,ro(readonly),andrw(readwrite).Notethatrwisthedefault. IfyouareusingavirtualmachinecreatedwiththeWindowsversionof WorkstationorapreviousreleaseoftheLinuxversionofWorkstation,youcan changeonlytheownerpermissions.Thisbehavioristhesameasinprevious releases.
Using a Mapped Drive for Windows Only

Youcanmapavirtualdisktoahostinsteadofusingsharedfoldersorcopyingdata betweenaWindowsguestandhost.Inthiscase,youcanmountavirtualdiskina Windowshostfilesystemasaseparatemappeddrive.Usingamappeddriveletsyou connecttothevirtualdiskwithoutgoingintoavirtualmachine.
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Afteryoumapadrivetothevirtualdisk,youarenotabletopoweronanyvirtual machinethatusesthatdiskuntilyoudisconnectitfromthehost.Maponlydisksfor Windowsguests.IfyoumapadiskfromaLinuxguest,whenyouattempttoaccessthe diskfromyourhostcomputer,youwillbepromptedtoformatthedisk. YoucanuseWorkstationtomapthedisktoadriveonthehost,andtodisconnectthe drive.IfyouattempttousethehostsMyComputer>Tools>DisconnectNetwork Drivecommand,youwillnotseethemappeddriveletterinthelistofnetworkdrives.
Map a Virtual Disk to a Drive on the Host

Beforeyoubegintomapavirtualdisk,makesurethatallvirtualmachinesthatusethe diskarepoweredoff.Also,takethefollowingconsiderationsintoaccount: YoucanmountvolumesformattedwithFAT(12/16/32)orNTFSonly.Ifthevirtual diskhasamixofpartitions(volumes)where,forexample,apartitionis unformattedorisformattedwithaLinuxoperatingsystemandanotherpartition isformattedwithaWindowsoperatingsystem,youcanmounttheWindows partitiononly. Youcanmountavirtualdiskthathasasnapshot,butifyouwritetothedisk,you canirreparablydamageasnapshotorlinkedclonepreviouslycreatedfromthe virtualmachine. Youcannotmountavirtualdiskifanyofits.vmdkfilesarecompressedorhave readonlypermissions.Changetheseattributesbeforemountingthevirtualdisk. CAUTIONVMwarerecommendsthatyouleavethecheckboxcalledOpenfilein readonlymodeselectedintheMapaVirtualDiskdialogbox.Thissetting preventsyoufromaccidentallywritingdatatoavirtualdiskthatmightbethe parentofasnapshotorlinkedclone.Writingtosuchadiskmightmakethe snapshotorcloneunusable. To map a virtual disk to a drive on the host 1 2 3 ChooseFile>MaporDisconnectVirtualDisks. IntheMaporDisconnectVirtualDrivesdialogbox,clickMap. Inthedialogbox,clickBrowse,navigatetoadiskfile(.vmdkfile),selectit,and clickOpen.
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Selectthevolumetomap,andselectadriveletterthatisnotbeingusedonyour host. ClickOK. ThedriveappearsinWindowsExploreronyourhost.Fromthehost,youcanread fromorwritetofilesonthemappedvirtualdisk.
(Optional)Toviewamappeddrive,chooseVM>Settings>Hardware,selectthe harddiskandclickUtilities>Map.
Whenyouarereadytounmapthedrive,seeDisconnecttheHostfromtheVirtual Diskonpage 186.
Disconnect the Host from the Virtual Disk

Toaccessthemappedvirtualdiskfromavirtualmachineagain,youmustdisconnect it.Youcandisconnectthehostfromthevirtualdiskusingtwodifferentmethods. To disconnect the host from the virtual disk Dooneofthefollowing: UsetheFilemenuinWorkstation: a b c d ChooseFile>MaporDisconnectVirtualDisks. IntheMaporDisconnectVirtualDrivesdialogbox,selectavolumeto disconnectandclickDisconnect. Ifyoureceiveanerrormessageaskingwhethertoforciblydisconnect,click Yes. ClickOK.
UsetheVMmenuforaselectedvirtualmachine: a b ChooseVM>Settings>Hardware. SelecttheharddiskandclickUtilities>Disconnect.
Youcannowpoweronanyvirtualmachinethatusesthisdisk.
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Preserving the State of a Virtual Machine
Suspendingavirtualmachineletsyousavethecurrentstatesothatyoucancontinue worklaterfromthesamestate.Takingasnapshotletsyoupreservethestateofthe virtualmachinesoyoucanreturntothesamestaterepeatedly.Thischapterincludes thefollowingtopics: UsingtheSuspendandResumeFeaturesonpage 187 UsingSnapshotsonpage 189
Using the Suspend and Resume Features

Youcanusethesuspendandresumefeaturestosavethecurrentstateofavirtual machine.Whenyouresume,anyapplicationsyouwererunningwhenyoususpended thevirtualmachineareresumedintheirrunningstate,andthecontentisthesameas whenyoususpendedthevirtualmachine. Thespeedofthesuspendandresumeoperationsdependsonhowmuchdatachanged sincethevirtualmachinestarted.Ingeneral,thefirstsuspendoperationtakeslonger thanlatersuspendoperations. Whenyouresumeanddoadditionalworkinthevirtualmachine,youcannotreturnto thestatethevirtualmachinewasinatthetimeyoususpended.Topreservethestateof thevirtualmachinesothatyoucanreturntothesamestaterepeatedly,takeasnapshot, asdescribedinUsingSnapshotsonpage 189.
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Use Hard Suspend or Soft Suspend

YoucanconfiguretheSuspendbuttonormenucommandtorunaVMwareToolsscript intheguestoperatingsystembeforedoingthesuspendoperation.Thisconfiguration iscalledasoftsuspend. Beforeyoubegin,makesureVMwareToolsisinstalledintheguestoperatingsystem. SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 100. OnWindowsguests,whenyoudoasoftsuspend,ascriptreleasestheIPaddressifthe guestoperatingsystemisusingDHCP.OnLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests,the scriptstopsnetworkingforthevirtualmachine.WhenyouusetheResumecommand onWindowsguests,ascriptgetsanewIPaddressfromDHCP.OnLinux,FreeBSD,and Solarisguests,networkingrestarts. To use hard suspend or soft suspend 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstab,andselectPower. InthePowercontrolssection,specifyahardsuspend(Suspend)orasoftsuspend (SuspendGuest)operation. ClickOK.
Suspend or Resume a Virtual Machine

Thesuspendandresumefeaturesletyousavethecurrentstateofyourvirtualmachine andcontinueworklaterfromthesamestate. Beforesuspendingavirtualmachine,specifywhethertostopnetworkingbefore suspending.SeeUseHardSuspendorSoftSuspendonpage 188.
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Chapter 9 Preserving the State of a Virtual Machine
To suspend or resume a virtual machine Dooneofthefollowing: Tosuspendavirtualmachine,chooseVM>Power>Suspend. Ifthevirtualmachineisrunninginfullscreenmode,whichhidesthetoolbar, returntowindowedmodebypressingtheCtrl+Alt+Enterkeycombination. Whenyoususpendavirtualmachine,afilewitha.vmssextensioniscreatedin theworkingdirectory. Toresumeasuspendedvirtualmachinethatyoususpended,selectthevirtual machineandchooseVM>Power>Resume. Whenyouresumethevirtualmachine,itsstateisrestoredfromthe.vmssfile.
Using Snapshots
Takingsnapshotsletsyoupreservethestateofthevirtualmachinesothatyoucan returntothesamestaterepeatedly.
Scenarios for Using Multiple Snapshots

Youcantakemultiplesnapshotsofavirtualmachine.
Snapshots in a Linear Process

Takingsnapshotsinalinearprocessmeanstakingasnapshot,continuingtousethe virtualmachinefromthatpoint,takinganothersnapshotatalaterpoint,andsoon. Eachsnapshotisarestorationpointinasinglelongsequence. Figure 9-1. Snapshots as Restoration Points in a Linear Process
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Workstationsupportsmorethan100snapshotsforeachlinearprocess.
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Usesnapshotsinalinearprocessforthefollowingsituations: Youplantomakeriskychangesinavirtualmachine,suchasbytestingnew softwareorexaminingavirus.Beforeaddingnew,untestedcodetoaproject,take asnapshot. Youcanalwaysreverttoapreviousknownworkingstateoftheprojectifthenew codedoesnotworkasexpected.Ifthenewcodecausesnoproblems,youcantake anothersnapshotofthevirtualmachineinitsnewstate. NOTEYoucanconfigureavirtualmachinetotakeasnapshotanytimeitis poweredoff,preservingavirtualaudittrailasworkprogresses.SeeTakeor ReverttoaSnapshotatPowerOffonpage 199. Youcreateatrainingcourseandwanttosavethestateofthevirtualmachineina snapshotateachlessonsstartingpoint.Youcanusethesnapshotstoskiplengthy computerpreparationtime. Youcanalsoconfigurethevirtualmachinetoreverttoasnapshotanytimeitis poweredoff.Eachtimeanewclassbeginsalesson,thepreviousstudentsworkis discarded.SeeRevertatPowerOffonpage 197.
Snapshots in a Process Tree

Youcansaveanumberofsequencesasbranchesfromasinglebaseline,asFigure 92 shows.Thisstrategyisoftenusedintestingsoftware.Youcantakeasnapshotbefore installingdifferentversionsofaprogramtoensurethateachinstallationbeginsfrom anidenticalbaseline.
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Figure 9-2. Snapshots as Restoration Points in a Process Tree
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AlthoughWorkstationsupportsmorethan100snapshotsforeachbranchinaprocess tree,keepingmorethan99mightcausetheguestoperatingsystemtohaveproblems booting.Deletesomesnapshotsormakeafullcloneofthevirtualmachine.
Snapshot Relationships
Therelationshipbetweensnapshotsislikeaparentchildrelationship: Inalinearprocess,eachsnapshothasoneparentandonechild,exceptforthelast snapshot,whichhasnochildren. Inaprocesstree,eachsnapshothasoneparent,butonesnapshotcanhavemore thanonechild.Manysnapshotshavenochildren. Theparentsnapshotofavirtualmachineisthesnapshotonwhichthecurrentstate(the YouAreHerepositioninFigure 93)isbased.Afteryoutakeasnapshot,thatstored stateistheparentsnapshotofthevirtualmachine.Ifyourevertorgotoanearlier snapshot,theearliersnapshotbecomestheparentsnapshotofthevirtualmachine.
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Figure 9-3. Parent-Child Relationship Between Snapshots

Snapshots 2, 3, and 4 are all children of Snapshot1.
Snapshot 4 is the parent of the You Are Here position and therefore the parent of the virtual machine.
Information Captured by Snapshots

Asnapshotcapturestheentirestateofthevirtualmachineatthetimeyoutakethe snapshot.Thisincludes: MemorystateContentsofthevirtualmachinememory SettingsstateVirtualmachinesettings DiskstateStateofallthevirtualdisks Thestateofaphysicaldiskorindependentdiskisnotpreservedwhenyoutakea snapshot. Snapshotsoperateonindividualvirtualmachines.Ifyouselectateamofvirtual machinesandtakeasnapshot,onlythestateoftheactivevirtualmachineispreserved. SeeSummaryandConsoleViewsforTeamsandTheirVirtualMachinesonpage 256. Whenyoureverttoasnapshot,youreturnthememory,settings,andvirtualdisksof thevirtualmachinetothestatetheywereinwhenyoutookthesnapshot.Tosuspend, poweron,orpoweroffthevirtualmachinewhenyoulaunchit,besureitisinthatstate whenyoutakethesnapshot.
Snapshot Conflicts
Avoidtakingasnapshotwhenapplicationsinthevirtualmachinearecommunicating withothercomputers,especiallyinproductionenvironments. Supposeyoutakeasnapshotwhilethevirtualmachineisdownloadingafilefroma serveronthenetwork.Afteryoutakethesnapshot,thevirtualmachinecontinues downloadingthefile,communicatingitsprogresstotheserver.Ifyoureverttothe snapshot,communicationsbetweenthevirtualmachineandtheserverareconfused andthefiletransferfails.
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Orconsideracaseinwhichyoutakeasnapshotwhileanapplicationinthevirtual machineissendingatransactiontoadatabaseonaseparatemachine.Ifyourevertto thatsnapshotafterthetransactionstartsbutbeforeitiscommitted,thedatabaseis likelytobeconfused.
Enable or Disable Background Snapshots

Whenyousetapreferencetotakesnapshotsinthebackground,youcancontinue workingwhilethestateofthevirtualmachineisbeingpreserved.Aprogressindicator forthebackgroundsnapshotisdisplayedinoneofthecornersoftheWorkstation window. Beforeyoubegin,onLinuxhosts,runWorkstationastherootuser.Onlyrootusersare allowedtochangethispreferencesetting. IfyoutakeanothersnapshotorreverttoasnapshotbeforeWorkstationcompletesa pendingsnapshotoperation,aprogressdialogboxappears.Youmustwaitforthe pendingsnapshotoperationtofinishbeforethenextsnapshotorresumeoperation begins. Enablingbackgroundsnapshotsforahostwithslowharddiskscanadverselyaffect performance.Ifyouexperiencesignificantperformanceproblemswhentakingor restoringsnapshots,disablebackgroundsnapshots. To enable or disable background snapshots 1 2 3 4 ChooseEdit>Preferences. ClickthePrioritytab. UsethecheckboxintheSnapshotssectiontoenableordisablebackground snapshots. ClickOKandrestartthevirtualmachine.
Exclude a Virtual Disk from Snapshots

Incertainconfigurations,youmightwanttorevertsomediskstoasnapshotwhile otherdisksretainallchanges.Forexample,youmightwantasnapshottopreservea diskwithyouroperatingsystemandapplications,whilealwayskeepingthechanges toadiskwithyourdocuments. Youcanexcludevirtualdisksfromasnapshotbychangingthediskmode.Beforeyou begin,poweroffthevirtualmachineanddeleteanyexistingsnapshots.
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To exclude a virtual disk from snapshots 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectthedrivetoexcludeandclickAdvanced. SelectIndependentandselectoneofthefollowingoptions: PersistentChangesareimmediatelyandpermanentlywrittentothedisk. Allchangestoanindependentdiskinpersistentmoderemain,evenwhenyou reverttoasnapshot. NonpersistentCurrentchangestothediskarediscardedwhenyoupower offorreverttoasnapshot.
Snapshot Manager Overview

Youcanreviewallsnapshotsfortheactivevirtualmachineandactonthemdirectlyin thesnapshotmanager.Figure 94illustratesthecomponentsofthesnapshotmanager. Figure 9-4. Snapshot Manager on a Windows Host
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snapshot of a recording ordinary snapshot snapshot of a linked clone thumbnail of selected snapshots display command buttons
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Thesnapshottreeshowsallsnapshotsforthevirtualmachineandtherelationship betweensnapshots.TheYouAreHereiconisnotasnapshot.Itshowsthecurrentstate ofthevirtualmachine.SeeSnapshotRelationshipsonpage 191. NOTEPointtoasnapshot(withoutclicking)todisplaythecompletenameofthat snapshot. MostsnapshotmanageractionsareavailableasmenucommandsfromtheVM> Snapshotmenu.Thefollowingactions,however,areavailableonlyfromthesnapshot manager: RenamingasnapshotTheNametextboxiseditable.Ifyourenameasnapshot foraclonedvirtualmachine,usetheDescriptionfieldforfutureidentification. ChangingoraddingadescriptionTheDescriptiontextboxiseditable. DeletingasnapshotSeeDeleteaSnapshotoraRecordingonpage 198. ThesnapshotmanagerhasaslightlydifferentappearanceonLinuxhosts.OnLinux hosts,rightclickthetoolbartochangetheiconstyle.Youcandisplayiconsandtext, iconsonly,textonly,andsoon.
Open and Use the Snapshot Manager

Usethesnapshotmanagertoreviewallsnapshotsfortheactivevirtualmachineandact onthemdirectly. To open and use the snapshot manager 1 2 3 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Snapshot>SnapshotManager. Selectasnapshotorrecordingandclickthebuttonforthedesiredaction. Toselectmorethanonesnapshotorrecording,Ctrl+clickthedesiredsnapshots andrecordings. IftheTakeSnapshotbuttonisdisabled,itmightbebecausethevirtualmachine hasmultipledisksindifferentdiskmodes.Forexample,ifyouhaveaspecial purposeconfigurationthatrequiresyoutouseanindependentdisk,youmust poweroffthevirtualmachinebeforetakingasnapshot.
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Take a Snapshot
Youcanusuallytakeasnapshotwhileavirtualmachineispoweredon,poweredoff, orsuspended. Followingaretheprerequisitesfortakingasnapshot: Anysuspendoperationsmustbecomplete. Thevirtualmachineisnotcommunicatingwithanothercomputer.SeeSnapshot Conflictsonpage 192. Ifyouruseofvirtualmachinesisstronglyperformanceoriented,theguest operatingsystemsdrivesaredefragmented.SeeDefragmentVirtualDiskson page 223. Ifthevirtualmachinehasmultipledisksindifferentdiskmodes,thevirtual machineispoweredoff.Forexample,ifaspecialpurposeconfigurationrequires youtouseanindependentdisk,youmustpoweroffthevirtualmachinebefore takingasnapshot. IfthevirtualmachinewascreatedwithWorkstation4deleteanyexisting snapshotsorupgradethevirtualmachinetoWorkstation5orhigher.SeeChange theVersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 91. To take a snapshot 1 2 3 ChooseVM>Snapshot>Take Snapshot. Enterauniquename. (Optional)Enteradescription. Usethisfieldtorecordnotesaboutthevirtualmachinestatecapturedinthe snapshot. 4 ClickOK.
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Rename a Snapshot or Recording

Usethesnapshotmanagertochangethenameofasnapshotoritsdescriptionatany time. To rename a snapshot or recording 1 2 3 ChooseVM>Snapshot>SnapshotManager. Selectthesnapshotorrecording. EditthetextintheNametextboxandclickClose. Ifyourenameasnapshotforaclonedvirtualmachine,usetheDescriptionfieldto specifywhichvirtualmachinewascloned.
Restore an Earlier State from a Snapshot

RestoreasnapshotinWorkstationbyusingtheRevertandGotocommands. TheRevertcommandhasthesameeffectasusingtheGotocommandandselecting theparentsnapshotofthevirtualmachine.Itrevertstotheparentsnapshotofthe currentstate.ThisstatecorrespondstotheYouAreHerepositioninthesnapshot manager.SeeSnapshotRelationshipsonpage 191. TheGotocommandisnotlimitedtotheparentsnapshotofthecurrentstate.Youcan chooseanyexistingsnapshotofthevirtualmachine. To restore an earlier state from a snapshot Dooneofthefollowing: Toreverttotheparentsnapshot,chooseVM>Snapshot>ReverttoSnapshot. Toreverttoasnapshotthatisnottheparent,chooseVM>Snapshotandselectthe snapshotname. Tosetthevirtualmachinetoreverttotheparentsnapshoteverytimethevirtual machineispoweredoff,seeRevertatPowerOffonpage 197.
Revert at Power Off

Youcansetthevirtualmachinetoreverttotheparentsnapshotanytimeitispowered off.Theparentsnapshotofavirtualmachineisthesnapshotonwhichthecurrentstate (theYouAreHereposition)isbased.
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To set a virtual machine to revert to a snapshot at power off 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectSnapshot/Replay. IntheWhenpoweringoffsection,selectReverttosnapshot.
Delete a Snapshot or a Recording

Inmostcases,deletingasnapshotorrecordingdoesnotaffectothersnapshots, recordings,orthecurrentstateofthevirtualmachine.Usethesnapshotmanagerto deleteasnapshot. CAUTIONIfasnapshotisusedtocreateaclone,thesnapshotbecomeslocked.Ifyou deletealockedsnapshot,theclonescreatedfromthatsnapshotnolongeroperate. Youcannotdeleteasnapshotiftheassociatedvirtualmachineisdesignatedasa templateforcloning.SeeEnableTemplateModeforaParentVirtualMachineof LinkedClonesonpage 205. To delete a snapshot or recording 1 2 ChooseVM>Snapshot>SnapshotManager. Dooneofthefollowing: Todeleteasinglesnapshotorrecording,selectitandclickDelete. Todeleteasnapshotorrecordingandallitschildren,rightclickitandchoose DeleteSnapshot/RecordingandChildren. Todeleteallsnapshotsandrecordings,rightclickasnapshotorrecording, chooseSelectAll,andclickDelete. 3 Whenpromptedtoconfirmthedeletion,clickOK,andclickCloseinthesnapshot manager.
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Take or Revert to a Snapshot at Power Off

Youcansetavirtualmachinetoautomaticallyreverttoasnapshotortotakeanew snapshotwheneveryoupoweroffthevirtualmachine. To take a snapshot or revert to one at power off 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectSnapshot/Replay. SelectanoptionintheWhenpoweringoffsection: JustpoweroffPowersoffwithoutmakinganychangestosnapshots. ReverttosnapshotRevertstotheparentsnapshotofthecurrentstateofthe virtualmachine(thatis,theparentsnapshotoftheYouAreHerepositionin theSnapshotManagerwindow). Aninstructormightusethissettingtodiscardstudentanswersforacomputer lessonwhenavirtualmachineispoweredoffattheendofclass. TakeanewsnapshotTakesasnapshotofthevirtualmachinestateafteritis poweredoff.Thisisusefultopreservemilestonesautomatically.Thesnapshot appearsinthesnapshotmanager.Thenameofthissnapshotisthedateand timethevirtualmachinewaspoweredoff.ThedescriptionisAutomatic snapshotcreatedwhenpoweringoff. AskmePromptsyou,everytimeyoupoweroffavirtualmachine,chooseto poweroff,revert,ortakeasnapshot. 5 ClickOK.
Snapshots and Workstation 4 Virtual Machines

Workstation4virtualmachinesdonotsupportmultiplesnapshots.Forfull Workstation6functionality,youmustupgrade.SeeChangetheVersionofaVirtual Machineonpage 91. IfaWorkstation4virtualmachinehasasnapshot,youmustremovethesnapshot beforeyouupgrade.Useyourearlier,Workstation4applicationtoremovethe snapshot,andthenupgradetoWorkstation6.
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Cloning, Moving, and Sharing Virtual Machines
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Cloningavirtualmachineisfasterandeasierthancopyingit.Thischapterprovides instructionsandalsoprovidesinformationonhowtomoveyourvirtualmachinesfrom onehosttoanother,orelsewhereonthesamehost,plusrecommendationsonhowto sharevirtualmachineswithotherusers.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics: TheVirtualMachinesUniversalUniqueIdentifieronpage 201 CloningaVirtualMachineonpage 203 MovingaVirtualMachineonpage 207 MovinganOlderVirtualMachineonpage 210 MovingLinkedClonesonpage 210 SharingVirtualMachineswithOtherUsersonpage 211 UsingVNCforRemoteConnectionstoaVirtualMachineonpage 211 MakeVirtualMachinesAvailableforStreamingfromaWebServeronpage 214 SharingVirtualMachineswithVMwarePlayeronpage 215
The Virtual Machines Universal Unique Identifier

Toensureallvirtualmachinesareidentifiedproperly,eachvirtualmachineis automaticallyassignedauniversaluniqueidentifier(UUID). UsetheUUIDofavirtualmachineforsystemmanagementinthesamewayyouuse theUUIDofaphysicalcomputer.TheUUIDisstoredintheSMBIOSsystem informationdescriptor.ItcanbeaccessedbystandardSMBIOSscanningsoftware,such asSiSoftwareSandraortheIBMutilitysmbios2.
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ThisUUIDisgeneratedwhenyouinitiallypoweronthevirtualmachine.Aslongas youdonotmoveorcopythevirtualmachinetoanotherlocation,theUUIDremains constant.TosetaspecificUUID,seeSpecifyaUUIDforaVirtualMachineon page 202.
UUID Options When You Move a Virtual Machine

Whenyoupoweronavirtualmachinethatwasmovedorcopiedtoanewlocation,a messageappears,askingwhetheryoumovedorcopiedthevirtualmachine.Ifyou replythatyoucopiedthevirtualmachine,anewUUIDisgenerated. Suspendingandresumingavirtualmachinedoesnottriggertheprocessthatgenerates aUUID.TheUUIDinuseatthetimethevirtualmachinewassuspendedremainsinuse whenthevirtualmachineisresumed,evenifitwascopiedormoved.Thenexttimethe virtualmachineisrebooted,themessageappears.
Set the Virtual Machine to Always Keep or Always Create a UUID

IfavirtualmachineissettoalwayskeeporalwayscreateaUUID,usersarenot promptedwhenavirtualmachineismovedorcopied.Youcansetthispropertyby editingthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile. To set the virtual machine to always keep or always create a UUID 1 2 3 Poweroffthevirtualmachine. Opentheconfiguration(.vmx)filewithatexteditor. Addthefollowingline:
uuid.action = "<action>"
Thevaluefor<action>canbeeithercreate,toalwaysgenerateanewUUID,or keep,toalwaysretaintheUUID.
Specify a UUID for a Virtual Machine

AlthoughUUIDsareautomaticallyassignedtovirtualmachines,youcanoverridethe generatedUUIDvalueandassignaspecificUUID. TheUUIDisa128bitinteger.The16bytesofthisvalueareseparatedbyspaces,except foradashbetweentheeighthandninthhexadecimalpairs.Followingisanexampleof aUUID:
00 11 22 33 44 55 66 77-88 99 aa bb cc dd ee ff
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Chapter 10 Cloning, Moving, and Sharing Virtual Machines
To specify a UUID for a virtual machine 1 2 3 Poweroffthevirtualmachine. Opentheconfiguration(.vmx)filewithatexteditor. Searchforthelinethatcontainsuuid.bios. Theformatofthelineisuuid.bios = "<uuid_value>",withquotationmarks aroundtheparametervalue.Followingisanexampleoftheconfigurationsetting:
uuid.bios = "00 11 22 33 44 55 66 77-88 99 aa bb cc dd ee ff"
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ReplacetheexistingUUIDvaluewiththespecificUUIDvalue. Saveandclosethefile. Poweronthevirtualmachine.
ThenewUUIDisusedwhenthevirtualmachineboots.
Cloning a Virtual Machine

Installingaguestoperatingsystemandapplicationscanbetimeconsuming.With clones,youcanmakemanycopiesofavirtualmachinefromasingleinstallationand configurationprocess. Clonesareusefulwhenyoumustdeploymanyidenticalvirtualmachinestoagroup. Forexample: AnMISdepartmentcancloneavirtualmachineforeachemployee,withasuiteof preconfiguredofficeapplications. Avirtualmachinecanbeconfiguredwithacompletedevelopmentenvironment andthenclonedrepeatedlyasabaselineconfigurationforsoftwaretesting. Ateachercancloneavirtualmachineforeachstudent,withallthelessonsandlabs requiredfortheterm. Withclonesyoucanmakecopiesofavirtualmachinewithoutbrowsingahostfile systemorworryingifyouhavelocatedalltheconfigurationfiles.Theexisting virtualmachineiscalledtheparentoftheclone.Whenthecloningoperationis complete,theclonebecomesaseparatevirtualmachine.Thesearethemain characteristicsofaclone:
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Changesmadetoaclonedonotaffecttheparentvirtualmachine.Changesmade totheparentvirtualmachinedonotappearinaclone. AclonesMACaddressandUUIDaredifferentfromtheparentvirtualmachine. Althoughacloneisaseparatevirtualmachine,ifthecloneisalinkedclone,itshares virtualdiskswiththeparentvirtualmachine.SeeTypesofClonesonpage 204.
Types of Clones
Twotypesofclonesareavailable:fullandlinked.
Full Clones
Afullcloneisacompleteandindependentcopyofavirtualmachine.Itsharesnothing withtheparentvirtualmachineafterthecloningoperation.Ongoingoperationofafull cloneisentirelyseparatefromtheparentvirtualmachine. Becauseafullclonedoesnotsharevirtualdiskswiththeparentvirtualmachine,full clonesgenerallyperformbetterthanlinkedclones.However,fullclonestakelongerto createthanlinkedclones.Creatingafullclonecantakeseveralminutesifthefiles involvedarelarge. Thefullcloneduplicatesonlythestateofthevirtualmachineattheinstantofthe cloningoperation.Thusthefullclonedoesnothaveaccesstoanysnapshotsthatmight existoftheparentvirtualmachine.
Linked Clones
Alinkedcloneisacopyofavirtualmachinethatsharesvirtualdiskswiththeparent virtualmachineinanongoingmanner.Alinkedcloneismadefromasnapshotofthe parent.SeeScenariosforUsingMultipleSnapshotsonpage 189.Thisconservesdisk spaceandallowsmultiplevirtualmachinestousethesamesoftwareinstallation. CAUTIONYoucannotdeletethelinkedclonesnapshotwithoutdestroyingthelinked clone.Youcansafelydeletethissnapshotonlyifyoualsodeletetheclonethatdepends onit. Allfilesavailableontheparentatthemomentyoutakethesnapshotcontinuetoremain availabletothelinkedclone.Ongoingchangestothevirtualdiskoftheparentdonot affectthelinkedclone,andchangestothediskofthelinkedclonedonotaffectthe parent.
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Alinkedclonemusthaveaccesstotheparent.Withoutaccesstotheparent,youcannot usealinkedclone.Youcanmakealinkedclonefromalinkedclone,butkeepinmind thattheperformanceofthelinkedclonedegrades.Whenpossible,makealinkedclone oftheparentvirtualmachine. Ifyoumakeafullclonefromalinkedclone,however,thefullcloneisanindependent virtualmachinethatdoesnotrequireaccesstothelinkedcloneoritsparent. Linkedclonesarecreatedswiftly,soyoucaneasilycreateauniquevirtualmachinefor eachtask.Youcanalsoeasilyshareavirtualmachinewithotherusersbystoringthe virtualmachineonyourlocalnetwork,whereotheruserscanquicklymakealinked clone.Thisfacilitatescollaboration.Forexample,asupportteamcanreproduceabug inavirtualmachine,andanengineercanquicklymakealinkedcloneofthatvirtual machinetoworkonthebug.
Creating Clones
Ifyoudecidetocreatealinkedcloneandyouwanttopreventtheparentvirtual machinefrombeingaccidentallydeleted,enabletemplatemodebeforeusingtheClone VirtualMachinewizard.
Enable Template Mode for a Parent Virtual Machine of Linked Clones

Topreventanyonefromdeletingtheparentvirtualmachineforalinkedclone, designatetheparentasatemplate.Whentemplatemodeisenabled,avirtualmachine cannotbedeletedoraddedtoateam,andthevirtualmachinessnapshotscannotbe deleted. To enable template mode for a parent virtual machine of linked clones 1 2 Selectthevirtualmachinetouseasaparentofyourlinkedclone. Verifythattheparenthasatleastonesnapshot. Openthesnapshotmanagerandcreateasnapshotifnoneexists.SeeSnapshot ManagerOverviewonpage 194. 3 4 5 ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstab,andselectAdvanced. IntheSettingssection,clickEnableTemplatemode(tobeusedforcloning)and clickOK.
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Use the Clone Virtual Machine Wizard

TheCloneVirtualMachinewizardguidesyouthroughtheprocessofmakingaclone. Youdonotneedtolocateandmanuallycopytheparentvirtualmachinefiles. Beforemakingalinkedclone,defragmenttheguestoperatingsystemsdrivesonthe parentvirtualmachine.Usethetoolsintheguestoperatingsystemtoruna defragmentationutility.SeeDefragmentVirtualDisksonpage 223. Forinformationaboutpreventingalinkedclonesparentvirtualmachinefrombeing deleted,seeEnableTemplateModeforaParentVirtualMachineofLinkedCloneson page 205. NOTEWorkstation4virtualmachines,andvirtualmachinescreatedwithother VMwareproductsthatarecompatiblewithWorkstation4,mustbeupgradedtoatleast Workstation5virtualmachinesbeforeyoucanclonethem.SeeChangetheVersionof aVirtualMachineonpage 91. To use the Clone Virtual Machine wizard 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>ClonetoopentheCloneVirtualMachinewizard. OntheWelcomepage,clickNext. OntheCloneSourcepage,selectthestateoftheparentfromwhichyouwantto createacloneandclickNext. Youcanchoosetocreateaclonefromtheparentscurrentstateorfromanyexisting snapshotoftheparent.Ifyouselectthecurrentstate,Workstationcreatesa snapshotofthevirtualmachinebeforecloningit. Thewizarddoesnotallowyoutoclonefromthecurrentstatewhentemplatemode isenabled. 6 7 OntheCloneTypepage,specifywhethertocreatealinkedcloneorafullcloneand clickNext. OntheNameoftheNewVirtualMachinepage,enteranameandapathforthe clonedvirtualmachineandclickFinish. Afullclonecantakemanyminutestocreate,dependingonthesizeofthevirtual diskthatisbeingduplicated.
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ClickDonetoexittheCloneVirtualMachinewizard. TheCloneVirtualMachinewizardautomaticallycreatesanewMACaddressand UUIDfortheclone.Otherconfigurationinformationisidenticaltothatofthe parentvirtualmachine.Forexample,amachinesnameandstaticIPaddress configurationarenotalteredbytheCloneVirtualMachinewizard.
TopreventconflictwithstaticIPaddressing,changetheclonesstaticIPaddress beforethecloneconnectstothenetwork. SeeSelectingIPAddressesonaHostOnlyNetworkorNATConfigurationon page 286.
Moving a Virtual Machine

YoucantakeavirtualmachinethatwascreatedbyusingWorkstationandmoveittoa differentcomputerortoadifferentlocationonthesamecomputer.Youcanevenmove avirtualmachinetoahostwithadifferentoperatingsystem.Forexample,youcan moveavirtualmachinefromaWindowshosttoaLinuxorESXServerhost. Ingeneral,movingavirtualmachinemeansmovingthefilesthatmakeupthevirtual machine.ThepathnamesforallfilesassociatedwithaWorkstationvirtualmachineare relative,meaningthepathtoeachfileisrelativetothevirtualmachinedirectory.For example,ifyouareinthevirtualmachinedirectory,therelativepathtothevirtualdisk fileis<machine_name>.vmdk. CAUTIONAlwaysmakebackupcopiesofallthefilesinavirtualmachinesdirectory beforeyoustartaprocesslikethis.
Hosts with Different Hardware

Theguestoperatingsystemmightnotworkcorrectlyifyoumoveavirtualmachineto ahostwithsignificanthardwaredifferences,suchasfroma64bithosttoa32bithost orfromamultiprocessorhosttoauniprocessorhost.
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Moving Between 64-Bit and 32-Bit Hosts

Youcanmoveavirtualmachinefroma32bithosttoa64bithostbutnotfroma64bit hosttoa32bithostunlessthe32bithosthasasupported64bitprocessor. NOTEWorkstationsupports64bitguestoperatingsystemsonlyinWorkstation 5.5 andhigher,andonlyonhostmachineswithsupportedprocessors.Whenyoupoweron avirtualmachinewitha64bitguestoperatingsystem,Workstationperformsan internalcheck.IfthehostCPUisnotasupported64bitprocessor,youcannotpower onthevirtualmachine.ForthelistofprocessorsWorkstationsupportsfor64bitguest operatingsystems,seePCHardwareonpage 23.
Moving Between Multiprocessor and Uniprocessor Hosts

Forallsupportedconfigurationsof32bitand64bithostandguestoperatingsystems runningonmultiprocessorhostmachines,Workstation5.5andhighervirtualmachines supporttwowayvirtualsymmetricmultiprocessing(SMP).Thissupportenablesyou toassigntwovirtualprocessorstoavirtualmachine.Thisissupportedonlyforhost machineswithatleasttwologicalprocessors.SeeUseTwoWayVirtualSymmetric Multiprocessingonpage 349. NOTEIfthehostisauniprocessormachine,assigningtwoprocessorsisnotsupported. Awarningmessageappears.Youcandisregardthismessageandassigntwoprocessors tothevirtualmachine,butwhenyoufinishcreatingthevirtualmachine,youcannot poweritonunlessyoumoveittoahostmachinewithatleasttwologicalprocessors.
Open a Virtual Machine Created in ESX Server That Has More Than Two Processors
YoucanuseWorkstation5.5orhigher,runningonamultiprocessorhostmachine,to openavirtualmachinecreatedinVMwareESXServerthathasoneormorevirtual processors.However,inWorkstationyoucannotpoweronorresumeavirtualmachine thathasmorethantwovirtualprocessorsassigned,evenifmoreprocessorswere assignedwhenthevirtualmachinewascreatedinESXServer. Youcanseethissettinginthevirtualmachinessummaryvieworbyusingthevirtual machinesettingseditor.
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To open a virtual machine created in ESX Server that has more than two processors 1 2 SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Settings>Hardware>Processors. NotethatNumberofProcessorsissettoOther(x),wherexisthenumberof processorsoriginallyassignedinESXServer. Workstationpreservesthisoriginalconfigurationsettingforthenumberof processors,eventhoughtwoisthemaximumnumberofprocessorssupported. 3 Changethissettingtotwoprocessorssothatyoucanpoweronthevirtualmachine inWorkstation. Afteryoucommitachangetothissetting,theoriginalsettingfornumberof processorsisdiscarded,andnolongerappearsasanoptioninthevirtualmachine settingseditor.
Move a Virtual Machine to a New Location or a New Host

Youcanmovethevirtualmachinetoadifferentlocationonthesamehostortomoveit toanewhost. FormoreinformationaboutcompatibilitybetweenVMwareproducts,seetheVMware VirtualMachineMobilityPlanningGuide. To move a virtual machine to a new location or a new host 1 Makesurethatallthevirtualmachinefilesarestoredinthevirtualmachine directory. Forexample,ifyouconfiguredtheworkingdirectorytoresideinadifferent locationonthehost,moveitintothevirtualmachinedirectoryandusethevirtual machinesettingseditor(VM>Settings>Options>General)topointtothis location. Ifthevirtualmachineyouwanttomoveisalinkedclone,seeMovingLinked Clonesonpage 210. 2 3 Shutdowntheguestoperatingsystemandpoweroffthevirtualmachine. Copyallthefilesinthevirtualmachinedirectorytothenewlocation. Tomovethevirtualmachinesfilestoanotherhost,ifyoudonothaveanetwork connectiontothenewhost,useasharednetworkdirectory,burnthefilesontoa DVD,orusesomeotherstoragemediathathasenoughdiskspace. Formoreinformationaboutthefilesthatyouaremoving,seeFilesThatMakeUp aVirtualMachineonpage 93.
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4 5
Onthenewhost,startWorkstation,chooseFile>Open,andbrowsetothevirtual machinesconfiguration(.vmx)fileinitsnewlocation. (Optional)Ifyouaremovingthevirtualmachinetoadifferentlocationonthesame host,removethevirtualmachinefromtheFavoriteslistandadditagainusingthe newlocation. Whenyouarecertainthatthevirtualmachineinthenewlocationworkscorrectly, deletethevirtualmachinefilesfromtheoldlocation,ifdesired. Ifthevirtualmachineinthenewlocationisnotworkingcorrectly,examinethe virtualmachineintheoriginallocationtodetermineifyoumissedcopyingsome files.Somefilesmightresideoutsideofthevirtualmachinedirectory. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings>Hardware)toselect devicesanddeterminewhetheranyassociatedfilespointtolocationsthatcannot beaccessedfromthenewlocation.
WorkstationgeneratesadifferentMACaddressforthevirtualnetworkadapterwhen youmoveavirtualmachinetoanewhostcomputerortoadifferentdirectoryonthe samehostcomputer.AnewMACaddressisalsogeneratedwhenyourenamea directoryinthepathtothevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile.SeeMaintainingand ChangingtheMACAddressofaVirtualMachineonpage 291.
Moving an Older Virtual Machine

IfyoucreatedavirtualmachinebyusingWorkstation2.xor3.x,youmustupgradeit toatleastWorkstation4.Workstation6.xdoesnotsupportWorkstation2or3virtual machines.
Moving Linked Clones

YoucanmovealinkedcloneasyoudoanordinaryWorkstationvirtualmachine. However,ifyoumovealinkedclone(orifyoumoveitsparentvirtualmachine),make suretheclonecanaccesstheparentvirtualmachine.Placetheparentinshared directoryoronanetworkedfileserver. Forexample,ifyouputalinkedcloneonalaptopandtheparentremainsonanother machine,youcanusethecloneonlywhenthelaptopconnectstothenetworkordrive wheretheparentisstored.Touseaclonedvirtualmachineonadisconnectedlaptop, youmustuseafullcloneoryoumustmovetheparentvirtualmachinetothelaptop. YoucannotpoweronalinkedcloneifWorkstationcannotlocatetheoriginalvirtual machine.
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Sharing Virtual Machines with Other Users

Ifyouwantotheruserstobeabletoaccessyourvirtualmachines,considerthe followingpoints: Onlyoneusercanrunavirtualmachineatatime.Otheruserscanalsosharea virtualmachinebymakingalinkedcloneofit.Alinkedcloneisacopythatuses thesamevirtualdisksastheparentvirtualmachineitwascopiedfrom.See CloningaVirtualMachineonpage 203. OnWindowshosts,relocatethevirtualmachinefilestoadirectorythatis accessibletoallappropriateusers.ThedefaultlocationforaWindowshostisnot typicallyaccessibletootherusers: OnWindowsXP:C:\Documents and Settings\<user_name>\My Documents\My Virtual Machines OnWindowsVista:C:\Users\<user_name>\Documents\Virtual Machines WhenyouconfigurethevirtualmachineintheNewVirtualMachinewizard,you canspecifyalocationforthevirtualmachineelsewhereonyoursystemorona networkvolume. OnLinuxhosts,setpermissionsforthevirtualmachinefilesappropriately. Permissionssettingsareespeciallyimportantfortheconfigurationfile(.vmx)and virtualdisks(.vmdk).Forexample,ifyouwantuserstorunavirtualmachinebut notbeabletomodifyitsconfiguration,donotmaketheconfigurationfilewritable.
Using VNC for Remote Connections to a Virtual Machine

Virtualnetworkcomputing(VNC)softwareenablesyoutoviewandinteractwithone computerfromanyothercomputerormobiledeviceanywhereontheInternet. VNCsoftwareiscrossplatform,allowingremotecontrolbetweendifferenttypesof computers.Forexample,youcanuseVNCtoviewaLinuxmachineonyourWindows PC.OpensourceversionsofVNCarefreelyandpubliclyavailable. YoucanuseWorkstationtosetavirtualmachinetoactasaVNCserver,anduserson othercomputerscaninstallaVNCclient(alsocalledaVNCviewer)toconnecttothe virtualmachine.AfteryousetupavirtualmachineasaVNCserver,youcanseealist ofuserswhoareremotelyconnectedtothevirtualmachineandfindouthowlongthey havebeenconnected. WorkstationdoesnotneedtoberunningwhenVNCconnectionsaremade.Onlythe virtualmachineneedstoberunning,anditcanberunninginthebackground.
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Configure a Virtual Machine as a VNC Server

YoudonotneedtoinstallspecializedVNCsoftwareinavirtualmachinetosetitupas aVNCserver. To configure a virtual machine as a VNC server 1 2 3 SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectRemoteDisplay. ClickEnableremotedisplay. Afterremotedisplayisenabledandusersconnecttothevirtualmachinewitha VNCclient,usetheViewConnectedUsersbuttononRemoteDisplaysettings paneltoseealistoftheconnectedusers. 4 (Optional)Changetheportnumber. ToconnecttomultiplevirtualmachinesonthesamehostwithaVNCclient, specifyauniqueportnumberforeachvirtualmachine.VMwaresuggeststhatyou useaportnumberintherangefrom5901to6001. Keepinmindthatotherapplicationsusecertainportnumbers,andsomeport numbersareprivileged(onlytherootorAdministratorusercanlisten).For example,theVMwareManagementInterfaceusesports8333and8222.OnLinux, onlytherootusercanlistentoportsuptoportnumber1024. 5 (Optional)SetapasswordforconnectingtothevirtualmachinefromaVNCclient. Thepasswordcanbeupto8characterslong.Becauseitisnotencryptedwhenthe VNCclientsendsit,donotuseapasswordthatyouuseforothersystems. 6 ClickOK.
AfteryousetupavirtualmachineasaVNCserver,youcanseealistofuserswhoare remotelyconnectedtothevirtualmachineandfindouthowlongtheyhavebeen connected.Toseethelist,rightclicktheVNCiconinthestatusbarandchoose ConnectedUsers.
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Use a VNC Client to Connect to a Virtual Machine

YoucaninstallaVNCclientonyourhostandconnecttoarunningvirtualmachine. Beforeyoubegin,determinethemachinenameorIPaddressofthehostonwhichthe virtualmachineisrunningand,ifapplicable,theVNCportnumberandpassword.See ConfigureaVirtualMachineasaVNCServeronpage 212. ForinformationaboutmappingthekeyboardtolanguagesotherthanU.S.English,see SpecifyaLanguageKeyboardMapforVNCClientsonpage 324. Thefollowingissuesareknowntooccurwhenyouconnecttovirtualmachineswitha VNCclient: Youcannottakeorreverttosnapshots. Youcannotchangethepowerstateofthevirtualmachine.Thatis,youcannot poweron,poweroff,suspend,orresume.Althoughyoucannotpoweroff,youcan shutdowntheguestoperatingsystem,andshuttingdownmightpoweroffthe virtualmachine. Youcannotcopyandpastetextbetweenthehostandguestoperatingsystem. Youcannotconfigurethevirtualmachinewiththevirtualmachinesettingseditor. Remotedisplaydoesnotworkwellifyouarealsousingthe3Dfeature.This featureisdescribedinSupportforDirect3DGraphicsonpage 165. To use a VNC client to connect to a virtual machine 1 Onalocalorremotecomputer,startaVNCclient. YoucanuseanyVNCclient,butnotaJavaviewerinabrowser.Todownloadand installaVNCclient,checkoneofthemanyWebsiteswhereyoucanbuyorgetone forfree. 2 Makesuretheclientissetforhextileencoding. Forexample,ifyouuseRealVNCViewer,underthePreferredEncodingoption, selectHextile. 3 Settheclienttouseallcolors. Forexample,ifyouuseRealVNCViewer,undertheColourLeveloption,select Full(allavailablecolours).
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WhenpromptedfortheVNCservername,enterthenameorIPaddressofthehost computerandtheportnumber. Usetheformat:

<machine_name>:<port_number>
Enterapasswordifyouarepromptedtodoso.
Make Virtual Machines Available for Streaming from a Web Server

Withvirtualmachine(VM)streaming,virtualdiskdataisfetchedondemand.Youcan poweronavirtualmachinesoonafteryoubegindownloadingitfromaWebserver. Downloadingavirtualmachineina.zipor.tarfilefromaWebservercantakea considerableamountoftime,dependingonthesizeofthevirtualmachine.TouseVM streaming,youplacethevirtualmachinedirectoryontheWebserverwithoutzipping it.VMwarerecommendsthatyouconfiguretheWebservertosupportpersistent connections(HTTPkeepaliveconnections). To make virtual machines available for streaming from a Web server 1 Ifthevirtualmachineanysnapshots,deletethem. SeeDeleteaSnapshotoraRecordingonpage 198. 2 (Optional)Toimprovestreamingperformance,useVirtualDiskManagerto compressthevirtualdiskfiles(.vmdkfiles)foravirtualmachine. SeetheVirtualDiskManagerUsersGuide,intheVirtualDiskDevelopmentKit. 3 DependingonthetypeofWebserver,usethefollowingkeepalivesettings: ForApacheHTTPServer1.2andhigher,turntheKeepAliveoptionon,set MaxKeepAliveRequestto2000to5000,andsetKeepAliveTimeoutto2000to 5000seconds,dependingonserverload. ForMicrosoftInternetInformationServices(IIS)6.0andhigher,setthe connectiontimeouttoavalueabove300secondsandloadHTTP KeepAlives. 4 5 Onproxyservers,settheproxyconnectiontoKeepalive. UploadthevirtualmachinedirectorytotheWebserver.
AfteravirtualmachineisplacedonaWebserver,userscanuseaURLtostreamitand startitwithWorkstationorVMwarePlayer.SeeStartaVirtualMachinebyUsingVM Streamingonpage 147.

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Sharing Virtual Machines with VMware Player

VMwarePlayerisafreeapplicationthatopensandplaysvirtualmachinescreatedwith otherVMwareproducts.OnWindowshosts,VMwarePlayeralsoopensandplays MicrosoftVirtualPCandVirtualServervirtualmachinesandSymantecLiveState Recoveryandsystemimages. VMwarePlayerisincludedwithWorkstation5.5andhigher.StandalonePlayeris alsofreelyavailablefordownloadathttp://www.vmware.com/products/player/ VMwarePlayermakesyourVMwarevirtualmachinesaccessibletocolleagues, partners,customers,andclientswhodonotownotherVMwareproducts. NOTEUseofVMwarePlayerissubjecttotheVMwarePlayerEndUserLicenseterms, andnotechnicalsupportisprovidedbyVMwareforVMwarePlayer.
Start and Exit VMware Player

VMwarePlayerisincludedintheWorkstationdistribution.Whenyouinstall Workstation,theapplicationfile(vmplayer.exeonWindowsorvmplayeronLinux), isstoredwiththerestofyourWorkstationprogramfiles. To start and exit VMware Player 1 OpenVMwarePlayer,eitherfromthegraphicaluserinterface(GUI)orfromthe commandline: FromtheGUI,onWindows,chooseVMwarePlayerfromtheStart> Programs>VMwaremenu. InaLinuxXsession,chooseVMwarePlayerfromthecorrespondingprogram menu,suchastheSystemToolsmenu. Fromthecommandline,openacommandprompt,andenteroneofthe followingcommands: OnWindows,enter<path>vmplayer.exe The<path>valueisthepathonyoursystemtotheapplicationfile. OnLinux,entervmplayer & Tostreamthevirtualmachine,usethecommandwiththevirtualmachine URL(forexample,vmplayer http://server.acme.com/myVM.vmx). Formoreinformation,seeMakeVirtualMachinesAvailablefor StreamingfromaWebServeronpage 214.
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FromtheWelcomepage,youcan: Browsetoavirtualmachinefile. Openarecentlyusedvirtualmachine. DownloadavirtualappliancefromtheVMTN(VMwareTechnology Network)Website. 2 Openavirtualmachine. ForinstructionsonusingandconfiguringVMwarePlayer,seetheonlinehelp providedinVMwarePlayer.FromtheVMwarePlayermenubar,chooseVMware Player>Help. 3 ToexitVMwarePlayer,dooneofthefollowing: Shutdowntheguestoperatingsysteminthevirtualmachine. VMwarePlayerclosesaftertheguestoperatingsystemshutsdown. InVMwarePlayer,chooseVMwarePlayer>Exit(Windows)orVMware Player>Quit(Linux). VMwarePlayereithersuspendsorpowersoffthevirtualmachine,dependingon thepreferenceyousetforexitbehaviorinVMwarePlayer>Preferences. WhenyouexitVMwarePlayerthatisusingastreamedvirtualmachine,youare promptedtosaveordiscardchanges.Ifyoudiscardchanges,thedirectorythat wascreatedonyourlocalmachineandallthevirtualmachinedataaredeleted.
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Setting Up Virtual Machines for Use with VMware Player

Whenyoucreateavirtualmachinethatyouintendtodistributetootherusers, configurethevirtualmachineformaximumcompatibilitywithallexpectedhost systems.BecausetheconfigurationoptionsforVMwarePlayerarelimited,usersare limitedintheirabilitytomakechangesinavirtualmachinesothatitiscompatiblewith theirhostsystems. Followingarerecommendationstohelpyouconfigurevirtualmachinesformaximum compatibilitywithVMwarePlayerandwiththewidestrangeofhostmachines: Determinewhichvirtualdevicesareactuallyrequired,anddonotincludeanythat arenotneededorusefulforthesoftwareyouaredistributingwiththevirtual machineandVMwarePlayer.Forexample,genericSCSIdevicesareextremely unlikelytobeappropriate. Toconnectaphysicaldevicetoavirtualdevice,usetheAutodetectoptionswhen configuringthevirtualmachine.TheAutodetectoptionsallowthevirtual machinetoadapttotheuserssystem,andtheyworkwhetherthehostoperating systemisWindowsorLinux.Userswhohavenophysicaldevicereceiveawarning message. ToconnectaCDROMorfloppytoanimagefilethatyoushipwiththevirtual machine,makesuretheimagefileisinthesamedirectoryasthevirtualmachine. Thisway,arelativepath,ratherthananabsolutepath,isused. ForbothaphysicalCDROMandanimage,providetwovirtualCDROMdevices inthevirtualmachine.VMwarePlayerdoesnotprovideawayintheuserinterface toswitchasingleCDROMdevicebetweenaphysicalCDROMandanimage. Thisalsomeansthatifyouwanttoshipmultipleimages,theusercannotswitch betweenthem. Chooseareasonableamountofmemorytoallocatetothevirtualmachine.Ifthe usershostmachinedoesnothaveenoughphysicalmemorytosupportthe memoryallocation,VMwarePlayercannotpoweronthevirtualmachine. InstallVMwareToolsinthevirtualmachine.VMwareToolssignificantlyimproves theusersexperienceworkingwiththevirtualmachine. Chooseareasonablescreenresolutionfortheguest.Auserislikelytofinditeasier toincreasetheresolutionmanuallythantodealwithadisplaythatexceedsthe usersphysicalscreensize.
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SomehostoperatingsystemsdonotsupportCDROMsinnonlegacymode.To ensurethatCDROMsworkproperlyinvirtualmachinesthatyouintendtobe distributedandplayedonVMwarePlayer,configureCDROMdevicesinlegacy mode.SeeLegacyEmulationforDVDandCDDrivesonpage 235. SelectanappropriatesettinginVM>Settings>Options>Snapshots>When poweringoff.SetthisoptiontoJustpowerofforReverttosnapshot.VMware Playerdoesnotallowtakingsnapshots. TheoptionReverttosnapshotisusefulifyouwanttodistributeademothatresets itselftoacleanstatewhenpoweredoff.
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Using Disks and Disk Drives
11
Thischapterprovidesinformationabouthowtoconfigurevirtualharddiskstorageto bestmeetyourneeds.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics: VirtualMachineDiskStorageonpage 219 VirtualDiskMaintenanceTasksonpage 223 AddingVirtualandPhysicalDiskstoaVirtualMachineonpage 225 AddingDVD/CDROMandFloppyDrivestoaVirtualMachineonpage 234 UsingVMwareVirtualDiskManageronpage 237 UsingDualBootComputerswithVirtualMachinesonpage 238 LegacyVirtualDisksonpage 238
Virtual Machine Disk Storage

Likeaphysicalcomputer,aVMwareWorkstationvirtualmachinestoresitsoperating system,programs,anddatafilesononeormoreharddisks.Unlikeaphysical computer,Workstationprovideswaystoundochangestothevirtualmachineshard disk. TheNewVirtualMachinewizardcreatesavirtualmachinewithonediskdrive.Usethe virtualmachinesettingseditor(chooseVM>Settings)toaddmorediskdrivestoyour virtualmachine,toremovediskdrivesfromyourvirtualmachine,andtochange certainsettingsfortheexistingdiskdrives.
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Benefits of Using Virtual Disks

Inmostcases,itisbesttoconfigurevirtualmachinestousevirtualharddisksrather thanphysicalharddisks.Avirtualdiskisafileorsetoffilesthatappearsasaphysical diskdrivetoaguestoperatingsystem.Thefilescanbeonthehostmachineorona remotecomputer.Whenyouconfigureavirtualmachinewithavirtualdisk,youcan installanewoperatingsystemontothevirtualdiskwithoutrepartitioningaphysical diskorrebootingthehost.
Portability
Akeyadvantageofvirtualdisksistheirportability.Becausethevirtualdisksarestored asfilesonthehostmachineoraremotecomputer,youcanmovethemeasilytoanew locationonthesamecomputerortoadifferentcomputer.YoucanalsouseWorkstation onaWindowshosttocreatevirtualdisks,movethemtoaLinuxcomputer,anduse themwithWorkstationforLinux,andthereverse.SeeMovingaVirtualMachineon page 207.
Disk Size and Files

Virtualdiskscanbeaslargeas950GB(IDEorSCSI).Dependingonthesizeofthe virtualdiskandthehostoperatingsystem,Workstationcreatesoneormorefilesto holdeachvirtualdisk.Thesefilesincludeinformationsuchastheoperatingsystem, programfiles,anddatafiles.Thevirtualdiskfileshavea.vmdkextension. Bydefault,theactualfilesthatthevirtualdiskusesstartsmallandgrowtotheir maximumsizeasneeded.Themainadvantageofthisapproachisthesmallerfilesize. Smallerfilesrequirelessstoragespaceandareeasiertomovetoanewlocation. However,ittakeslongertowritedatatoadiskconfiguredinthisway. Youcanalsoconfigurevirtualdiskssothatallofthediskspaceisallocatedwhenthe virtualdiskiscreated.Thisapproachprovidesenhancedperformanceandisusefulif youarerunningperformancesensitiveapplicationsinthevirtualmachine. Regardlessofwhetheryouallocatealldiskspaceinadvance,youcanconfigurethe virtualdisktouseasetoffileslimitedto2GBperfile.Usethisoptionifyouplanto movethevirtualdisktoafilesystemthatdoesnotsupportfileslargerthan2GB.
Lock Files
Arunningvirtualmachinecreateslockfilestopreventconsistencyproblemsonvirtual disks.Withoutlocks,multiplevirtualmachinesmightreadandwritetothedisk, causingdatacorruption.
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Chapter 11 Using Disks and Disk Drives
Lockfilesarecreatedinsubdirectorieswitha.lcksuffix.Thelockingsubdirectories resideinthesamedirectoryasthevirtualmachines.vmdkfiles.Alockingsubdirectory andlockfilearecreatedfor.vmdkfiles,.vmxfiles,and.vmemfiles. AsoftheWorkstation6.0release,aunifiedlockingmethodisusedonallhostoperating systems,sofilessharedbetweenthemarefullyprotected.Forexample,ifoneuseron aLinuxhosttriestopoweronavirtualmachinethatisalreadypoweredonbyanother userwithaWindowshost,thelockfilespreventtheseconduserfrompoweringonthe virtualmachine. Whenavirtualmachinepowersoff,itremovesthelockingsubdirectoriesandtheirlock files.Ifitcannotremovetheselockingcontrols,oneormorestalelockfilesmight remain.Forexample,ifthehostmachinefailsbeforethevirtualmachineremovesits lockingcontrols,stalelockfilesremain. Whenthevirtualmachinerestarts,itscansanylockingsubdirectoriesforstalelockfiles and,whenpossible,removesthem.Alockfileisconsideredstaleifbothofthe followingconditionsaretrue: Thelockfilewascreatedonthesamehostthatisnowrunningthevirtualmachine. Theprocessthatcreatedthelockisnolongerrunning. Ifeitheroftheseconditionsisnottrue,adialogboxwarnsyouthatthevirtualmachine cannotbepoweredon.Youcandeletethelockingdirectoriesandtheirlockfiles manually. Locksalsoprotectphysicaldiskpartitions.However,thehostoperatingsystemisnot awareofthislockingconventionandthusdoesnotrespectit.Forthisreason,VMware recommendsthatthephysicaldiskforavirtualmachinenotbeinstalledonthesame physicaldiskasthehostoperatingsystem.
IDE and SCSI Disk Types

VirtualdiskscanbesetupasIDEdisksforanyguestoperatingsystem.Theycanbeset upasSCSIdisksforanyguestoperatingsystemwithadriverfortheLSILogicor BusLogicSCSIadapteravailableinaWorkstationvirtualmachine.Youdetermine whichSCSIadaptertouseatthetimeyoucreatethevirtualmachine. NOTETouseSCSIdisksina32bitWindowsXPvirtualmachine,downloadaspecial SCSIdriverfromtheDownloadspageoftheVMwareWebsite.Followtheinstructions ontheWebsitetousethedriverwithafreshinstallationofWindowsXP. Avirtualdiskofeithertypecanbestoredoneithertypeofphysicalharddisk.Thatis, thefilesthatmakeupanIDEorSCSIvirtualdiskcanbestoredonanIDEharddiskor aSCSIharddisk.Theycanalsobestoredonothertypesoffastaccessstoragemedia.
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Physical Disks
Insomecircumstances,youmightneedtogiveyourvirtualmachinedirectaccesstoa physicalharddriveonthehostcomputer.Aphysicaldiskdirectlyaccessesanexisting localdiskorpartition.Youcanusephysicaldiskstorunoneormoreguestoperating systemsfromexistingdiskpartitions. CAUTIONDonotattemptphysicaldiskconfigurationsunlessyouareanexpertuser.
Althoughvirtualdisksarelimitedto950GB,physicaldiskscanbesetuponbothIDE andSCSIdevicesofupto2TBcapacity.Bootingfromanoperatingsystemalreadyset uponanexistingSCSIdiskorpartitioniscurrentlynotsupported. CAUTIONRunninganoperatingsystemnativelyonthehostcomputerandswitching torunningitinsideavirtualmachineislikepullingtheharddriveoutofonecomputer andinstallingitinasecondcomputerwithadifferentmotherboardandhardware.The stepsyoutakedependontheoperatingsystemyouwanttouseinsidethevirtual machine.SeetheVMwaretechnicalnoteDualBootComputersandVirtualMachines. Youcanalsocreateanewvirtualmachinethatusesaphysicaldisk.SeeUsingPhysical DisksinaVirtualMachineonpage 227.Inmostcases,however,itisbettertousea virtualdisk.Ifyouuseaphysicaldisk,the.vmdkfilestoresinformationaboutthe physicaldiskorpartitionthatthevirtualmachineuses. Afteryouconfigureavirtualmachinetouseoneormorepartitionsonaphysicaldisk, donotmodifythepartitiontablesbyrunningfdiskorasimilarutilityintheguest operatingsystem. Ifyouusefdiskorasimilarutilityonthehostoperatingsystemtomodifythepartition tableofthephysicaldisk,youmustrecreatethevirtualmachinesphysicaldisk.All filesthatwereonthephysicaldiskarelostwhenyoumodifythepartitiontable.
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Virtual Disk Maintenance Tasks

Defragmentingvirtualdiskscanimproveperformance.Shrinkingvirtualdisks reclaimsanyunusedspace.
Defragment Virtual Disks

Likephysicaldiskdrives,virtualdiskscanbecomefragmented.Defragmentingdisks rearrangesfiles,programs,andunusedspaceonthevirtualdisksothatprogramsrun fasterandfilesopenmorequickly. Beforeyoubegin,makesureyouhaveadequatefreeworkingspaceonthehost computer.Ifyourvirtualdiskiscontainedinasinglefile,forexample,youneedfree spaceequaltothesizeofthevirtualdiskfile.Othervirtualdiskconfigurationsrequire lessfreespace. Defragmentingdoesnotreclaimunusedspaceonavirtualdisk.Toreclaimunused space,shrinkthedisk.SeeShrinkaVirtualDiskonpage 224. To defragment a virtual disk 1 Runadiskdefragmentationutilityinsidetheguestoperatingsystem. Forexample,inavirtualmachinewithaWindowsXPguestoperatingsystem,use theWindowsXPDiskDefragmentertoolfromwithinthevirtualmachine. Defragmentingdiskscantakeconsiderabletime. 2 Ifthevirtualdiskisgrowableratherthanpreallocated,defragmentitbyusing theWorkstationdefragmentationtool: a b c d Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectHardDisk,anddooneofthefollowing: OnLinuxhosts,clickDefragment. OnWindowshosts,clickUtilitiesandchooseDefragment. e 3 Whentheprocessisfinished,clickOK.
Runadiskdefragmentationutilityonthehostcomputer. Defragmentingdiskscantakeconsiderabletime.
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Shrink a Virtual Disk

Shrinkingavirtualdiskreclaimsunusedspaceinthevirtualdisk.Ifadiskhasempty space,thisprocessreducestheamountofspacethevirtualdiskoccupiesonthehostdrive. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethefollowingprerequisitesaremet: VMwareToolsisinstalledintheguestoperatingsystem. Thehosthasfreediskspaceequaltothesizeofthevirtualdiskyouplantoshrink. Thediskspaceisnotpreallocatedforthevirtualharddisk.Usethevirtualmachine settingseditortoviewthediskinformationforthisvirtualharddisk.Ifthedisk spacewaspreallocated,youcannotshrinkthedisk. Thevirtualmachinehasnosnapshots.Ifithasasnapshot,aSnapshotlineappears initssummaryview. Todeleteasnapshot,chooseVM>Snapshot>SnapshotManager.Selectthe snapshotandclicktheDeletebutton(onWindows)oricon(onthesnapshot toolbaronLinux). Thevirtualmachineisnotalinkedcloneortheparentofalinkedclone.Ifthe virtualmachineisalinkedclone,aCloneoflineappearsonitssummarytab.Ifit istheparentofalinkedclone,aSnapshotlineappearsonitssummarytab. Ifthevirtualharddiskisanindependentdisk,itisinpersistentmode. Tochangethemode,seeExcludeaVirtualDiskfromSnapshotsonpage 193for adescriptionofindependentdisks. To shrink a virtual disk 1 LaunchtheVMwareToolscontrolpanel: ForaWindowsguest,doubleclicktheVMwareToolsiconinthenotification areaofthetaskbar. Iftheiconisnotavailable,chooseStart>Settings>ControlPanel,and doubleclickVMwareTools. ForaLinux,Solaris,orFreeBSDguest,openaterminalwindow,becomeroot, andrunvmware-toolbox. Ifyoushrinkdisksasanonrootuser,youcannotwipethepartsofthevirtual diskthatrequirerootlevelpermissions. 2 IntheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,clicktheShrinktab. Ifthevirtualmachinedoesnotallowshrinking,theShrinktabshowsthereason.
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SelectvirtualdiskstoshrinkandclickPreparetoShrink. Ifyoudeselectsomepartitions,thewholediskstillshrinks.However,those partitionsarenotwipedforshrinking,andtheshrinkprocessdoesnotreducethe sizeofthevirtualdiskasmuchasitwouldwithallpartitionsselected. VMwareToolsreclaimsallunusedportionsofdiskpartitions(suchasdeletedfiles) andpreparesthemforshrinking.Duringthisphase,youcanstillinteractwiththe virtualmachine. VMwareToolsfinisheswipingtheselecteddiskpartitions,aprompttoshrink disksappears.
ClickYes. Shrinkingdiskscantakeconsiderabletime.
ClickOK.
Adding Virtual and Physical Disks to a Virtual Machine

Thissectionprovidesinstructionsforcreatingvirtualdisks,removingdisks,adding existingdiskstovirtualmachines,andusingphysicaldisksinavirtualmachine. YoucanconnectotherSCSIdevicestoavirtualmachinebyusingthegenericSCSI driverforthehostoperatingsystem.SeeAddaGenericSCSIDevicetoaVirtual Machineonpage 346.
Add a New Virtual Disk to a Virtual Machine

Virtualdisksarestoredasfilesonthehostcomputeroronanetworkfileserver. A virtualIDEdriveorSCSIdrivecanbestoredonaphysicalIDEdriveorSCSIdrive. NOTEIfyouhaveaWindowsNT4.0guestwithaSCSIvirtualdisk,youcannotadd bothanadditionalSCSIdiskandanIDEdisktotheconfiguration. To add a new virtual disk to a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAddtostarttheAddHardwarewizard. OntheHardwareTypepage,selectHardDiskandclickNext. OntheSelectaDiskpage,selectCreateanewvirtualdiskandclickNext.
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OntheSelectaDiskTypepage,chooseIDEdiskorSCSI. SeeIDEandSCSIDiskTypesonpage 221. Workstation6.xvirtualmachinescanuseupto4IDEdevicesandupto60SCSI devices.AnyofthesedevicescanbeavirtualorphysicalharddiskorDVDor CDROMdrive.
(Optional)Toexcludedisksfromsnapshots,intheModesection,select Independentforthemodeandchooseoneofthefollowingoptions: PersistentChangesareimmediatelyandpermanentlywrittentothedisk. NonpersistentChangestothediskarediscardedwhenyoupoweroffor reverttoasnapshot. SeeInformationCapturedbySnapshotsonpage 192.
OntheSpecifyDiskCapacitypage,setthecapacityforthenewvirtualdisk. Youcansetasizebetween0.1GBand950GBforavirtualdisk.SeeDiskSizeand Filesonpage 220.
OntheSpecifyDiskFilepage,acceptthedefaultfilenameandlocationorbrowse toandselectadifferentlocationandclickFinish. Thewizardcreatesthenewvirtualdisk.Itappearstoyourguestoperatingsystem asanew,blankharddisk.
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Inthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,clickOK. Usetheguestoperatingsystemtoolstopartitionandformatthenewdriveforuse.
Add an Existing Virtual Disk to a Virtual Machine

Youcanreconnectanexistingvirtualdiskthatwasremovedfromavirtualmachine. Workstation6.xvirtualmachinescanuseupto4IDEdevicesandupto60SCSIdevices. AnyofthesedevicescanbeavirtualorphysicalharddiskorDVDorCDROMdrive. TomapanexistingvirtualdiskdrivetoaWindowshostmachine,ratherthanadding ittoavirtualmachine,seeUsingaMappedDriveforWindowsOnlyonpage 184. To add an existing virtual disk to a virtual machine 1 2 3 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAddtostarttheAddHardwarewizard.
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4 5 6 7
OntheHardwareTypepage,selectHardDiskandclickNext. OntheSelectaDiskpage,selectUseanexistingvirtualdiskandclickNext. OntheSelectanExistingDiskpage,specifythepathnameandfilenameforthe existingdiskfileandclickFinish. Inthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,clickOK.
Remove a Virtual Disk from a Virtual Machine

Removingavirtualdiskdisconnectsitfromavirtualmachine.Removingthevirtual diskdoesnotdeletefilesfromthehostfilesystem. Afteryouremovethediskfromthevirtualmachine,youcanmapormountittoahost andcopydatafromtheguesttothehostwithoutpoweringonthevirtualmachineor startingWorkstation. To remove a virtual disk from a virtual machine 1 2 3 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectavirtualdiskandclickRemove.
Afteryouremovethediskfromthevirtualmachine,youcandoeitherofthefollowing: Mapthedisktothehost.SeeUsingaMappedDriveforWindowsOnlyon page 184. Addthedisktoanothervirtualmachine.SeeAddanExistingVirtualDisktoa VirtualMachineonpage 226.
Using Physical Disks in a Virtual Machine

Youcaninstallaguestoperatingsystemdirectlyonanunusedphysicaldiskorunused partition.However,anoperatingsysteminstalledinthissettingprobablycannotboot outsideofthevirtualmachine,eventhoughthedataisavailabletothehost. CAUTIONDonotuseaphysicaldisktosharefilesbetweenhostandguestoperating systems.Itisnotsafetomakethesamepartitionvisibletobothhostandguest.Youcan causedatacorruptionifyoudothis.Tosharefilesbetweenhostandguestoperating systems,usesharedfolders.SeeUsingSharedFoldersonpage 177.
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Forinformationaboutusinganoperatingsystemthatcanalsobootoutsideofthe virtualmachine,seetheVMwaresDualBootComputersandVirtualMachinestechnical note. Physicaldisksareanadvancedfeature.Donotconfigurethemunlessyouareanexpert user.Touseaphysicaldiskinavirtualmachine,youcanaddthephysicaldisktoan existingvirtualmachine,orcreateavirtualmachineandspecifywhichphysicaldisk thevirtualmachineuses. NOTEUsingaphysicaldiskratherthanavirtualdiskisnotanappropriateoptionfor avirtualmachineyouintendtodistributeasanACEinstance.
Prerequisites for Using a Physical Disk

BeforeyouruntheNewVirtualMachinewizardorusethevirtualmachinesettings editortoaddaphysical(raw)disk,performthefollowingtasks: Becausethevirtualmachineandguestoperatingsystemaccessaphysicaldisk partitionwhilethehostcontinuestorunitsoperatingsystem,verifythatthe partitionisnotmountedbythehostorinusebyanothervirtualmachine. Corruptionispossibleifyouallowthevirtualmachinetomodifyapartitionthat issimultaneouslymountedonthehostoperatingsystem. Checktheguestoperatingsystemdocumentationregardingthetypeofpartition onwhichtheoperatingsystemcanbeinstalled. OnWindowsVistahosts,youcannotusethesystempartitionorthephysical diskthatcontainsitinavirtualmachine. DOS,Windows95,andWindows98operatingsystemsmustbeinstalledon thefirstprimarypartition. Otheroperatingsystems,suchasLinux,canbeinstalledonaprimaryoran extendedpartitiononanypartofthedrive. Makesurethephysicalpartitionordiskdoesnothavedatayouneedinthefuture. Ifitdoes,backupthedata.
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OnWindowshosts: IfyouuseaWindowshostsIDEdiskinaphysicaldiskconfiguration,make sureitisnotconfiguredastheslaveonthesecondaryIDEchannelifthe masteronthatchannelisaCDROMdrive. IfyourhostisrunningWindows2000,WindowsXP,orWindowsServer2003, donotuseadynamicdiskasaphysicaldiskinavirtualmachine.Usethedisk managementtooltocheckthedisktypeandchangeadynamicdisktoabasic disk,whichdestroysalldata.SeeChangeaWindowsDiskTypefrom DynamictoBasiconpage 229. Makesurethepartitionyouwanttouseisunmapped.SeeUnmapaPartition ThatIsMappedtoaWindowsNTHostonpage 230. OnLinuxhosts,setthedevicegroupmembershipordeviceownership appropriately.SeeSetPermissionsonLinuxHostsonpage 231. Afteryoudeterminethatthephysicaldiskmeetstheseprerequisites,useeitherofthe followingstrategiestousethephysicaldiskinavirtualmachine: CreateaVirtualMachineThatUsesaPhysicalDiskonpage 231 AddaPhysicalDisktoanExistingVirtualMachineonpage 232 Change a Windows Disk Type from Dynamic to Basic TouseaharddiskinavirtualmachinewhosehostisrunningWindows2000,Windows XP,orWindowsServer2003,thevirtualmachinemustuseabasicdisk. To change a Windows disk type from dynamic to basic 1 Onthehost,chooseStart>Settings>ControlPanel>AdministrativeTools> ComputerManagement>DiskManagement. Thediskmanagementtoolopens. 2 Deletealllogicalvolumesonthedisk. Thisactiondestroysalldataonthedisk. 3 4 RightclickthediskiconandselectReverttoBasicDisk. Partitionthedisk.
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Unmap a Partition That Is Mapped to a Windows NT Host Corruptioncanoccurifyouallowthevirtualmachinetomodifyaphysicaldisk partitionthatissimultaneouslyusedasamappeddriveonthehost. To unmap a partition that is mapped to a Windows NT host 1 2 3 ChooseStart>Programs>AdministrativeTools. Highlightthepartitiononwhichyouplantoinstalltheguestoperatingsystem, andchooseTools>AssignDriveLetter. ChooseDonotassignadriveletterforthepartitionandclickOK.
Unmap a Partition That Is Mapped to a Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, or Windows 2000 Host Corruptioncanoccurifyouallowthevirtualmachinetomodifyaphysicaldisk partitionthatissimultaneouslyusedasamappeddriveonthehost. To unmap a partition that is mapped to a Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, or Windows 2000 host 1 2 3 ChooseStart>Settings>ControlPanel>AdministrativeTools>Computer Management>Storage>DiskManagement. SelectapartitionandchooseAction>AllTasks>ChangeDriveLetterandPaths. ClickRemove.
Unmap a Partition That Is Mapped to a Windows Vista Host Corruptioncanoccurifyouallowthevirtualmachinetomodifyaphysicaldisk partitionthatissimultaneouslyusedasamappeddriveonthehost. To unmap a partition that is mapped to a Windows Vista host 1 2 3 ChooseStart>ControlPanel(ClassicView)>AdministrativeTools>Computer Management>Storage>DiskManagement. RightclickapartitionandchooseChangeDriveLetterandPaths. ClickRemove.
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Set Permissions on Linux Hosts Ifpermissionsaresetcorrectly,thephysicaldiskconfigurationfilesinWorkstation guardaccess.Thisreliabilityprovidesbootmanagersaccesstoconfigurationfilesand otherfilestheymightneedtobootoperatingsystems.Forexample,LILOneedstoread /bootonaLinuxpartitiontobootanonLinuxoperatingsystemthatmightbeon anotherdrive. To set permissions on Linux hosts 1 Makesurethemasterphysicaldiskdeviceordevicesarereadableandwritableby theuserwhorunsWorkstation. Physicaldevices,suchas/dev/hda(IDEphysicaldisk)and/dev/sdb(SCSI physicaldisk),belongtogroupiddiskonmostdistributions.Ifthisisthe case,youcanaddVMwareWorkstationuserstothediskgroup. Anotheroptionistochangetheownerofthedevice.Considerallthesecurity issuesinvolvedinthisoption. 2 GrantVMwareWorkstationusersaccesstoall/dev/hd[abcd]physicaldevices thatcontainoperatingsystemsorbootmanagers.
Create a Virtual Machine That Uses a Physical Disk

UsetheNewVirtualMachinewizardtocreateanewvirtualmachinethatusesa physicaldiskratherthanaddingaphysicaldisktoanexistingvirtualmachine. Beforeyoubegin,completethetasksdescribedinPrerequisitesforUsingaPhysical Diskonpage 228. To create a virtual machine that uses a physical disk 1 2 UsetheCustomsetupintheNewVirtualMachinewizardtocreateavirtual machinethatusesaphysicaldisk. OntheSelectaDiskpageofthewizard,selectUseaphysicaldisk,andchooseto useindividualpartitionsortheentiredisk. Ifyouuseindividualpartitions,onlythepartitionsyouselectareaccessibletothe virtualmachine.Theotherpartitionsmightbevisibletotheguestoperating system,butyoucannotmount,access,orformatthem.
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(Optional)Tospecifyadevicenodeforthevirtualdiskorexcludedisksfrom snapshots,dothefollowing: a b c d SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectthephysicaldiskandclickAdvanced. Tochangethedevicenode,selectfromtheVirtualdevicenodelist. Toexcludedisksfromsnapshots,selectIndependentforthemodeandchoose oneofthefollowingoptions: PersistentChangesareimmediatelyandpermanentlywrittentothe disk. NonpersistentChangestothediskarediscardedwhenyoupoweroff orreverttoasnapshot. SeeInformationCapturedbySnapshotsonpage 192.
Installtheguestoperatingsystemonthephysicaldisk. Formoreinformationaboutsupportedoperatingsystems,seetheVMwareGuest OperatingSystemInstallationGuide.ThisguideisavailablefromtheWorkstation Helpmenu.
Add a Physical Disk to an Existing Virtual Machine

Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditor,ratherthantheNewVirtualMachinewizard, toaddaphysicaldisktoanexistingvirtualmachine. Beforeyoubegin,completethetasksdescribedinPrerequisitesforUsingaPhysical Diskonpage 228. CAUTIONAfteryouaddavirtualmachinediskbyusingoneormorepartitionsona physicaldisk,nevermodifythepartitiontablesbyrunningfdiskorasimilarutilityin theguestoperatingsystem.Ifyoudoso,youmustrecreatethevirtualmachines physicaldisk. To add a physical disk to an existing virtual machine 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAdd.
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OntheHardwareTypepage,selectHardDiskandclickNext. OntheSelectaDiskpage,selectUseaphysicaldiskandclickNext. Ifawarningappears,clickOK. OntheSelectaPhysicalDiskpage,dothefollowing: a Choosethephysicalharddisktousefromthedropdownlist. Workstationsupportsphysicaldisksupto2TB. b Selectwhetheryouwanttousetheentirediskoronlyindividualpartitionson thediskandclickNext.
IfyouselectedUseindividualpartitions,selectthepartitionsyouwanttousein thevirtualmachineandclickNext. Thevirtualmachinecanaccessonlythepartitionsyouselect.Theguestoperating systemmightbeabletodetectotherpartitions,butyoucannotmount,access,or formatthem.
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OntheSpecifyDiskFilepage,acceptthedefaultfilenameandlocationorbrowse toadifferentlocation. (Optional)Tospecifyadevicenodeforthevirtualdiskorexcludedisksfrom snapshots,dothefollowing: a b c OntheSpecifyDiskFilepage,clickAdvanced. Tochangethedevicenode,selectfromtheVirtualdevicenodelist. Toexcludedisksfromsnapshots,selectIndependentforthemodeandchoose oneofthefollowingoptions: PersistentChangesareimmediatelyandpermanentlywrittentothe disk. NonpersistentChangestothediskarediscardedwhenyoupoweroff orreverttoasnapshot. SeeInformationCapturedbySnapshotsonpage 192.
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ClickFinish.
13 Usetheguestoperatingsystemstoolstoformatanypartitionsonthephysicaldisk thatarenotformattedforyourguestoperatingsystem.
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Adding DVD/CD-ROM and Floppy Drives to a Virtual Machine

Workstation6.xvirtualmachinescanuseupto4IDEdevicesandupto60SCSIdevices. AnyofthesedevicescanbeavirtualorphysicalharddiskorDVDorCDROMdrive. AvirtualmachinecanreaddatafromaDVDdisc.Workstationdoesnotsupport playingDVDmoviesinavirtualmachine.Youmightbeabletoplayamovieifyouuse aDVDplayerapplicationthatdoesnotrequirevideooverlaysupportinthevideocard.
Add DVD or CD Drives to a Virtual Machine

YoucanaddoneormoreDVDorCDdrivestoyourvirtualmachine.Youcanconnect thevirtualDVDorCDdrivetoaphysicaldriveonthehostmachineortoanISOimage file. YoucanconfigurethevirtualDVDorCDdriveaseitherIDEorSCSIregardlessofthe typeofphysicaldriveyouconnectitto.Forexample,ifyourhostcomputerhasanIDE CDdrive,youcansetupthevirtualmachinedriveaseitherSCSIorIDEandconnectit tothehostdrive.ThesameistrueifthephysicaldriveonthehostisaSCSIdrive. To add a DVD or CD drive to a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 6 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAdd. OntheHardwareTypepage,selectDVD/CDROMDriveandclickNext. MakeaselectionontheSelectaDriveConnectionpageandclickNext. (Optional)IfyouselectUsephysicaldrive: a b c ChooseadrivefromthedropdownlistorchooseAutodetect. ToavoidconnectingtheCDdrivewhenthevirtualmachinestarts,deselect Connectatpoweron. Tospecifywhichdevicenodethedriveusesinthevirtualmachine,click Advanced. SelectLegacyemulationonlyifyouexperiencedproblemsusingnormal mode.SeeLegacyEmulationforDVDandCDDrivesonpage 235. d ClickFinish.
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(Optional)IfyouselectUseISOimage: a b c d Enterthepathandfilenamefortheimagefileorbrowsetothefile. ToavoidconnectingtheCDdrivewhenthevirtualmachinestarts,deselect Connectatpoweron. Tospecifywhichdevicenodethedriveusesinthevirtualmachine,click Advanced. ClickFinish.
ThedriveissetupinitiallysothatitappearsasanIDEdrivetotheguestoperating system. 8 (Optional)TomakethedriveappeartotheguestoperatingsystemasaSCSIdrive, clicktheentryforthatdriveinthevirtualmachinesettingseditorandeditthe settingsinthepanelontheright.
Legacy Emulation for DVD and CD Drives

Innormalmode(thatis,notlegacyemulationmode),theguestoperatingsystem communicatesdirectlywiththeCDorDVDdrive.Thisdirectcommunicationenables youtoreadmultisessionCDs,performdigitalaudioextraction,viewvideos,anduse CDandDVDwriterstoburndiscs. LegacyemulationmodeenablesyoutoreadonlyfromdatadiscsintheDVDorCD drive.Itdoesnotprovidetheothercapabilitiesofnormalmode.Uselegacyemulation modetoworkarounddirectcommunicationproblemsbetweenaguestoperating systemandaDVDorCDdrive. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings)tosettheLegacyemulation optionforDVDandCDdrivesattachedtothevirtualmachine: OnWindowshosts,thisoptionisdeselectedbydefault. OnLinuxhostswithIDEdrives,thedefaultsettingdependsonwhetherthe ide-scsimoduleisloadedinyourkernel.Theide-scsimodulemustbeloaded, oryoumustbeusingaphysicalSCSIdrivetoconnectdirectlytotheDVDorCD drive. Ifyourunmorethanonevirtualmachineatatime,andiftheirCDdrivesareinlegacy emulationmode,startthevirtualmachineswiththeirCDdrivesdisconnected.This ensuresthatmultiplevirtualmachinesarenotconnectedtotheCDdriveatthesame time.
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Add a Floppy Drive to a Virtual Machine

Youcanadduptotwofloppydrivestoavirtualmachine.Avirtualfloppydrivecan connecttoaphysicalfloppydriveonthehostcomputer,toanexistingfloppyimage file,ortoablankfloppyimagefile. To add a floppy drive to a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAdd. OntheHardwareTypepage,selectFloppyDriveandclickNext. Followtheinstructionstocompletethewizard. (Optional)Ifyouareaddingasecondfloppydrivetothevirtualmachine,enable thissecondfloppydriveinthevirtualmachineBIOS,asfollows: a b c SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Power>PowerOntoBIOS. Onthemainscreen,chooseLegacyDisketteB:andusetheplus(+)andminus ()keysonthenumericalkeypadtoselectthetypeoffloppydrivetouse. PressF10tosavethesettings.
Connect a CD-ROM, DVD, or Floppy Drive to an Image File

YoucanconnectanexistingvirtualCDROM,DVD,orfloppydrivetoanimagefile (ISOfile)ratherthanthephysicaldriveonthehost.AnISOimagefileresemblesa CDROMtoyourguestoperatingsystemandevenappearsasaCDROMinWindows Explorer. Insomehostconfigurations,thevirtualmachinecannotbootfromtheinstallation CDROM.Toavoidthatproblem,createanISOimagefilefromtheinstallation CDROM. To connect a CD-ROM, DVD, or floppy drive to an image file 1 2 3 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectaDVD,CDROM,orfloppydrive.
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Dooneofthefollowing: ForaDVDorCDROMdrive,selectUseISOImageandspecifythepath nameandfilename. Forafloppydrive: Ifthefilealreadyexists,selectUsefloppyImageandspecifythepath nameandfilename. Tocreateanimagefile,clickCreate,browsetothedirectorywhereyou plantostorethefloppyimagefile,supplyafilename,andclickSave(on Windowshosts)orOpen(onLinuxhosts).
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(Optional)Tomakethefilereadonly,selecttheReadOnlycheckbox. ClickOK.
Using VMware Virtual Disk Manager

VMwareVirtualDiskManagerisaWorkstationutilitythatallowsyoutocreate, manage,andmodifyvirtualdiskfilesfromthecommandlineorinscripts. Youcanenlargeavirtualdisksothatitsmaximumcapacityislargerthanitwaswhen youcreatedit.Thisisusefulifyouneedmorediskspaceinagivenvirtualmachine,but donotwanttoaddanothervirtualdiskoruseghostingsoftwaretotransferthedataon avirtualdisktoalargervirtualdisk.Youcannotdothiswithphysicalharddrives. Youcanalsochangedisktypes.Whenyoucreateavirtualmachine,youspecifyhow diskspaceisallocated,asfollows: Allspaceforthevirtualdiskisallocatedinadvance.Thiscorrespondstothe preallocateddisktypeforVirtualDiskManager. Spaceallocatedforthevirtualdiskbeginssmallandgrowsasneeded.This correspondstothegrowabledisktypeforVirtualDiskManager. Ifyouallocateallthediskspaceforavirtualdiskbutlaterneedtoreclaimsomehard diskspaceonthehost,youcanconvertthepreallocatedvirtualdiskintoagrowable disk.Thenewvirtualdiskisstilllargeenoughtocontainallthedataintheoriginal virtualdisk. Youcanalsochangewhetherthevirtualdiskisstoredinasinglefileorsplitinto2GB files. Thesefeaturesandtheabilitytousescriptingtoautomatemanagementofvirtualdisks wereaddedtoWorkstationinversion5.0.SeetheVMwaretechnicalnoteaboutusing VirtualDiskManager.
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Using Dual-Boot Computers with Virtual Machines

SomeusersinstallWorkstationonadualbootormultiplebootcomputersothatthey canrunoneormoreoftheexistingoperatingsystemsinavirtualmachine.Formore informationaboutusingdualbootcomputerswithWorkstation,seetheVMware DualBootComputersandVirtualMachinestechnicalnote.
Legacy Virtual Disks

YouhaveseveraloptionsforusingWorkstation6.5inamixedenvironmentwithvirtual machinesthatwerecreatedwithearlierversionsofWorkstationorcreatedwithother VMwareproducts. Forcompatibilityinformation,seetheVMwareVirtualMachineMobilityPlanningGuide. YoucanuseWorkstation6.5topoweronvirtualmachinescreatedwitholderversions ofWorkstationorotherVMwareproducts.However,manynewfeaturesof Workstationarenotavailableinoldervirtualmachines.Toupgradeyourvirtual machinestoWorkstation6.5,seeChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 91. Ifyoudecidenottoupgradeavirtualmachine,VMwarerecommendsthatyouupgrade VMwareToolstothelatestversion.SeeVMwareToolsUpdateProcessonpage 113. DonotremovetheolderversionofVMwareToolsbeforeinstallingthenewversion. YoucanalsouseWorkstationtocreateaversion4,5,or6.0virtualmachine.SeeUse theNewVirtualMachineWizardonpage 86.UsetheCustomsetupinthewizard. NOTEIfyouhaveWorkstation 2or3virtualmachinesthatyouwanttousewith Workstation 6.5,upgradethevirtualmachinestoatleastWorkstationversion 4before youattempttopowerthemonwithWorkstation 6.5.
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Recording and Replaying Virtual Machine Activity
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Therecord/replayfeatureallowsyoutorecordallofaWorkstation5,6,or6.5virtual machinesactivityoveraperiodoftime.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics: UsesoftheRecord/ReplayFeatureonpage 239 PhysicalandVirtualHardwareRequirementsonpage 240 ConfigureRecord/ReplayforaVirtualMachineonpage 242 MakeaRecordingonpage 245 ReplayaRecordingonpage 246 CreateanExecutionTraceFileofaRecordingonpage 248 MaintenanceTasksforUsingRecordingsonpage 248
Uses of the Record/Replay Feature

UnlikeWorkstationsmoviecapturefeature,therecord/replayfeaturerecordsallthe processorinstructionsofthevirtualmachinethroughoutthetimeoftherecording.This featurehelpssoftwaredevelopersandQAengineerstorecordabugandattacha debuggerwhilereplayingtherecording. Afteryouenabletherecord/replayfeatureforavirtualmachine,clicktheRecord buttoninthetoolbartostarttherecordingandclickStoptoendtherecording.Youcan makemultiplerecordingsandusethesnapshotmanagertoname,delete,andplay them.Whileyouaremakingarecordingyoucaninsertmarkerstoreturntoeventsand replaythem.Youcanalsomakeanexecutiontracefileofarecording,torecordevents thatoccurduringtherecording.
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Playingarecordingisinsomerespectssimilartogoingtoasnapshot.Whenyouplay arecording,youdiscardthecurrentstateofthevirtualmachineandgotothe recording.Atanytimewhentherecordingisplaying,youcanclicktheGoLivebutton andresumeinteractingwiththeguestoperatingsystematthestatethevirtualmachine isinwhenyouclickGoLive. NOTEVirtualmachinerecordingsarenotinterchangeablebetweendifferentversions ofWorkstation.RecordingscreatedusingearlierWorkstationreleasesorbetareleases cannotbereplayedusingthecurrentversionofWorkstation.Ifyouhavecreated recordingswithanearlierrelease,youmustdeletethem.
Physical and Virtual Hardware Requirements

Followingisalistofrequirementsforandlimitationsofthisfeature: HostCPUsRecord/replaysupportislimitedtocertainprocessorsonthehost. If youusetherecord/replayfeatureonahostcomputerthatdoesnothaveanIntel P4processor,whenyouenabletherecord/replayfeatureandpoweronthevirtual machine,amessageappears,informingyouthatrecordingisnotsupportedon yourprocessor. SupportedprocessorsincludeIntelPentium4,IntelCore2andlaterversions, AMDBarcelonaandlaterversions,NextGenerationIntelMicroarchitecture Penryn/Harpertown.Otherprocessorsmightoperatemoreslowlyduring recordingandreplaying. NOTEIftherecord/replayfeatureisunstableonyourP4system,disable hyperthreadingandlogicalprocessorsintheBIOS. WhenthesefeaturesareenabledinBIOS,otherapplicationsusingperformance countersmayinterferewiththevirtualmachinerunningintherecord/replay mode.Anexampleofanapplicationusingperformancecountersisthe performanceprofilingtool. Toassigntwovirtualprocessorstoavirtualmachineonanyhostmachinethathas atleasttwologicalprocessorsselectVM>Settings>Hardware>Processorsand choosethevirtualprocessor.InthePreferredmodedropdownmenu,choose AutomaticorAutomaticwithReplaytoletWorkstationchoosetheexecution modebasedontheguestoperatingsystemandthehostCPU.Automaticwith Replayreferstotheexecutionrecord/replayfeature.
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Chapter 12 Recording and Replaying Virtual Machine Activity
FormanycombinationsofCPUandguestoperatingsystem,youcanchoose Automaticandstillusetherecord/replayfeature.Ifnot,anerrormessagedirects youtochooseAutomaticwithReplay. ChoosingAutomaticorAutomaticwithReplaymeansthatWorkstationchooses oneofthefollowing: BinarytranslationUsesamixofdirectlyexecutingguestcodeandbinary translationtoruntheguest.Thisoptionusesshadowpagetablestomapguest memory. IntelVTxorAMDVUseshardwareextensionstorunandisolateguest code.Thisoptionalsousesshadowpagetablestomapguestmemory. IntelVTx/EPTorAMDV/RVIUseshardwareextensionstorunand isolateguestcode.Thisoptionuseshardwarepagingsupporttomapguest memory. Thechoicedependsonwhichmodeprovidesthebestperformancefortheselected guestoperatingsystemonthehostsCPU. VirtualmachineversionOnlyWorkstation5,6,and6.5virtualmachinescanbe recorded. SupportedoperatingsystemsYoucanusetherecord/replayfeatureonlyon 32bitversionsofthefollowingguestoperatingsystems: Windows2000,XP,2003,Vista RedHatEnterpriseLinux3and4 SUSELinux9.3and10.x 64bitversionshaveexperimentalsupport UnsupportedoperatingsystemsIfyouattempttoenabletherecord/replay featureonanunsupportedoperatingsystem,thevirtualmachinedoesnotpower onuntilyoudisablerecord/replay.Inaddition,SMPandparavirtualizationon VMIarenotsupportedwithrecord/replay. UnsupportedvirtualdevicesAvoidconnectingthevirtualmachinetoanetwork ordisconnectingitduringarecordingsession.
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DiskspaceHowmuchdiskspacearecordingusesdependsonthetypeof activitythatoccursonthevirtualmachineandthedurationoftherecording session.Bydefault,ascreenshotiscreatedeveryfiveseconds.Therefore,assume thatyouwillneedseveralmegabytesofdiskspaceforoneminuteofrecording. NOTEHavinganumberofvirtualmachineswithhighresolutiondisplaysettings openonthescreenconsumesmorediskspace. DiskmodeYoucannotusetherecord/replayfeatureifthevirtualmachines virtualharddiskissettoindependentmode.Recordingvirtualmachineactivity requireswritingdataaboutthedisktoacontinualsnapshot.Usethevirtual machinesettingseditortochangethediskmode(chooseVM>Settings> Hardware>HardDisk>Advanced).
Configure Record/Replay for a Virtual Machine

MakesurethatthevirtualmachinemeetstherequirementslistedinPhysicaland VirtualHardwareRequirementsonpage 240. To configure record/replay for a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectSnapshot/Replay. (Optional)OntheReplaysettingspanelasasafetyprecaution,usetheWhen Recordingcontrolstolimithowmuchdiskspacetherecordingcanuse. SettingtheMaximumdiskspacetoUnlimitedusesmuchmorediskspace thansettingitto2GB. SelectingSavethelastsetsthedurationofthetimetosavetherecording. SettingMarkerfrequencyto5minusesmuchmorediskspacethansettingit toNever. 5 (Optional)SelecttheEnableVAssert(experimental)checkboxtouseVMware VAsserttodebugapplications. VAssertenablesdevelopersandsupportengineerstotakeadvantageoftraditional assertandloggingcapabilitiestodebugerrorsinreplaylogs.Theassertsappear onlyduringreplayofarecording. 6 ClickOK.
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Record Control Dialog Box Features

OnWindows,arecordcontroldialogboxappearswhenyouclicktheRecordbuttonin thetoolbar.OnLinux,therecordoptionsarelocatedinthetoolbar. StopStopstherecordingthatisinprogress. AddMarkerTakesareplayspecificsnapshotatthecurrentlocationwithinthe recording.Youcanusethismarkerduringreplaytoskipaheadinarecording. MinimizeOnWindowsandLinuxhosts,the()buttonminimizestherecord controldialogboxtothelowerleftsideofthestatusbar.Theminimizedmode allowsyoutoworkonthevirtualmachineandusethecontrolsinthestatusbarto eitherstoparecordingoraddamarker. MaximumdiskspaceShowsthemaximumdiskspacequotaallocatedforthe recording. SavingthelastDisplaystheapproximatedurationoftimewheretheendofa recordingissaved.Forexample,ifyouaresavingthelast30minutesofthe recording,astherecordingcontinues,onlythelast30minutesofthevirtual machineactivityissavedatanygiventime. MarkerFrequencyShowsthefrequencywhenanautomaticmarkerisaddedto therecording. NextautomarkerDisplayswhenthenextautomaticmarkerisgoingtobeadded totherecording. LastmarkerIndicateswhenthelastmarkerwasaddedtotherecording. NOTEYoucannotclosetherecordcontroldialogbox.
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Replay Control Dialog Box Features

Thereplaycontroldialogboxappearswhenyoureplayarecording. Figure 12-1. Windows Replay Control Dialog Box
markers current replay position slider
zoom controls
Go to Beginning
Go to Previous Marker
Go to Next Marker
replay speed control
Figure 12-2. Linux Replay Control Dialog Box

current replay position slider auto-scroll control
pause
replay speed control
Thereplaycontroldialogboxcontainsthefollowingbuttons: Play/PausePlaysthelastrecordingyoumadefortheselectedvirtualmachine.If thevirtualmachineispoweredoff,therecordingisresumed,asifithadbeen suspended.Ifyouclickthesamebuttononcethereplayispaused.Toresume replayclickthebuttonagain. GoLiveStopsthereplaythatisinprogressandrevertstothecurrentstateofthe virtualmachine.
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AddMarkerTakesareplayspecificsnapshotatthecurrentlocationwithinthe recording.Youcanusethismarkerduringreplaytoskipaheadinarecording. GotoBeginningReturnstothebeginningoftherecording. GotoPreviousMarkerReplaystherecordingtothepointwheretheprevious markerislocatedandpausestheplayback. GotoNextMarkerReplaystherecordingtothepointwherethenextmarkeris locatedandpausestheplayback. CurrentreplayPositionSliderAllowsyoutopreviewareplay.Youcandragthe slidertothenearestpreviousmarkerandstartreplaying.OnLinux,theautoscroll functionofthezoomedinportionisenabled.TheCurrentReplayPositionSlider isaredarrowlocatedintheprogresstimeline. ZoomcontrolControlsthezoominandoutfunctionduringreplay. MinimizeThe()buttonminimizesthedialogboxtothebottomlefthandside ofthestatusbar.Theminimizedmodeallowsyoutoviewtherecordinginthe virtualmachineandusethecontrolsinthestatusbar.Theprogressindicatorinthe statusbarshowsthetimelineoftherecording. NOTEYoucannotclosethereplaycontroldialogbox. ReplayspeedcontrolControlsthereplayspeedofarecording.OnWindows, clicktherightbuttontoincreasethereplayspeedtothemaximum.Clicktheleft buttontodecreasethereplayspeedtonormal.OnLinux,clickbuttontotoggle betweenspeeds. NOTEThespeedofaplaybackdependsonthehostactivityandworkloadofthe guest.
Make a Recording
Youcannotuserecord/replaytorecorda3Dapplication.Whilemakingarecording youcannotpauseorreverseit.Formoreinformationaboutenablingrecord/replaysee ConfigureRecord/ReplayforaVirtualMachineonpage 242. Beforeyoubegin,verifythescreenresolutionsettings.Theexistingscreenresolutionis usedinthevirtualmachinewhilereplayingarecording.Theresolutioncannotbe changedduringreplay.
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To make a recording 1 2 Poweronthevirtualmachine. TobeginrecordingchooseVM>Replay>Record. Arecordingspecificsnapshotistaken,andtherecordingdialogboxindicatesthat recordingisinprogress. IftheRecordcommandisunavailable,thefeaturemightnotbeenabledorthehard diskmightbesettoindependentmode. 3 Toaddamarkerduringrecording,clickAddMarkerintherecordingdialogbox. Asidefromthemarkersyouadd,markersareautomaticallyaddedaccordingto thefrequencyyousetbyusingthevirtualmachinesettingseditor. 4 Tostoprecording,clicktheStopbuttonintherecordingdialogboxorinthe toolbar. (Optional)OnWindows,whilemakingarecordingyoucanusetheminimized recordcontroltostoparecordingoraddamarker. 5 6 CompletethedialogboxthatappearsandclickSave. Tochangethenameoftherecording,addorchangethedescription,ordeletethe recording,chooseVM>Snapshot>SnapshotManager.
Replay a Recording
Ifyouchangefromwindowedmodetofullscreenmodeduringreplay,theautofit featuredoesnotwork. To replay a recording 1 2 Selectthevirtualmachine. Ifitispoweredonandyoudonotwanttolosethecurrentstateofthevirtual machine,takeasnapshotofit. Forinstructions,seeTakeaSnapshotonpage 196. 3 ToplaythelatestrecordingofthevirtualmachinechooseVM>Replay>Replay <name_of_recording>. OnWindows,whilereplayingarecordingyoucanusethecontrolsinthe minimizedreplaycontrol.
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Toplayanearlierrecording,usethesnapshotmanager,asfollows: a b ChooseVM>Snapshot>SnapshotManager. SelecttherecordingsnapshottoplayandclickReplay. IfyoustoptherecordingbeforeitisfinishedreplayingbyclickingtheGoLive buttonandreplaytherecordingagain,therecordingstartsfromthe beginning,notfromthepointwhereyouclickedGoLive. AsnapshotofarecordingisshowninFigure 94,SnapshotManagerona WindowsHost,onpage 194.
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Inthedialogboxthatappears,confirmthatyouwanttostartreplayingtherecording. Tosuspendthereplay,clickthePausebuttoninthereplaycontroldialogbox.The buttontogglestoaPlaybuttonsothatyoucanclickitagaintoresumeplayingthe recording. (Optional)Tomakeatracefileofeventsthatoccurredduringrecording,see CreateanExecutionTraceFileofaRecordingonpage 248. (Optional)Tostopreplayingtherecordingbeforeitfinishesplaying,clicktheGo Livebuttontostopthereplayandresumeinteractingwiththevirtualmachine.
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Browse a Recording
Thelengthofarecordingcanvaryfromafewminutestoseveralhours.Whenthe recordingisseveralhourslong,usethepositionslidertoaccesstherecordingatrandom intervals.OnWindowsandLinuxhosts,zoominandoutoftherecordingbyusingthe zoomcontrols.Usethezoomedinautoscrollfunctiontobrowsetherecording. To browse a recording 1 Dragthesliderfromthecurrentpositionintherecordingtoanotherspecificposition. Thenewsliderpositionmusthavea16secondsintervalfromthepreviousposition. 2 (Optional)Intheconfirmationdialogbox,selectthecheckboxNevershowthis again. Thedialogboxstopsreappearingeverytimeyoubrowsearecording. 3 ClickOK. Thevirtualmachinerevertstothenearestprevioussnapshotandstartsreplaying untilitreachesthetargetlocation.Duringthereplay,thesliderremainsatthesame pointandtheremainingplaybacktimeappearsinredabovetheslider.Formore information,seeFigure 121.Whentherecordingreachestheslidersposition,the recordingispaused.
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Create an Execution Trace File of a Recording

Tracefilesaredetailedlogsproducedbyaprogramthatarehelpfulfordebugging. Whenyoumakeanexecutiontracefileofarecording,youcanviewalltheeventsthat occurredduringtherecording. To create an execution trace file of a recording 1 Openthepreferencesfilewithatexteditor. Thisfilesislocatedin: OnWindowshosts,c:\Documents and Settings\<user>\Application Data\VMware\preferences.ini OnLinuxhosts, ~/vmware/preferences 2 Addthefollowinglinetothepreferencesfile:
pref.replay.enableTrace = "TRUE"
3 4
Startplaybackofarecording,asdescribedinReplayaRecordingonpage 246. Inthereplaydialogbox,clickTracetostartthetracefile. Theplaybackspeedoftherecordingslowsconsiderablywhilethetracefileis created.
Toendthetracefile,clickTraceagain. Otherwise,thetracefileendswhentherecordingfinishesplaying.
Maintenance Tasks for Using Recordings

Dependingonthelengthofarecording,thenumberofitsperiodicscreenshots,andthe numberofrecordings,thediskspaceusedfortherecord/replayfeaturecanbe considerable.Whenyoucreaterecordings,Workstationgoesintofulldebuggingmode.
Delete a Recording
Deleterecordingsthatyoudonotneedtofreediskspace. To delete a recording 1 2 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Snapshot>SnapshotManager.
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3 4
IntheSnapshotManagerwindow,selecttherecordingtodelete. RightclickandchooseDelete>RecordingandChildren. IfyouselectarecordingandclicktheDeletebutton,theselectedrecordingis removedandthecorrespondingsnapshotsintherecordingremainintact.
Disable Periodic Screenshots

Iftherecordingsessionlastsforalongtime,asignificantnumberofscreenshotsare automaticallycreatedinthevirtualmachinedirectory.Evenwhenperiodicscreenshots aredisabled,onescreenshotistakenattheendofeveryrecording. To disable periodic screenshots 1 Addthefollowinglinetotheconfiguration(.vmx)fileforthevirtualmachine whereXdenotestheintervalofscreenshotstakeninseconds.Thedefaultvaluefor Xis15seconds.
snapshot.periodicScreenshots = "X"
2 3
Todisableperiodicscreenshots,changethevalueofXto0. Saveandclosetheconfigurationfile.
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Configuring Teams
13
Thischapterdescribeswhatvirtualmachineteamsareusedfor,howtocreatethem, andhowtoconfigurethem.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics: BenefitsofUsingTeamsonpage 251 ManagingTeamsonpage 252 SummaryandConsoleViewsforTeamsandTheirVirtualMachinesonpage 256 ManagingtheMembersofaTeamonpage 257 PowerOperationsforTeamsandTheirMembersonpage 259 WorkingwithTeamNetworksonpage 260 CloningandTakingSnapshotsofTeamVirtualMachinesonpage 264
Benefits of Using Teams

Workstationteamsallowyoutosetupavirtualcomputerlabononehostcomputer. Useateamtopoweronmultipleassociatedvirtualmachineswithasingleclick. Youcanuseteamstodothefollowing: VirtualizemultitierenvironmentsStartseparateclient,server,anddatabase virtualmachineswithoneclick.Configurestartupdelaytimessoclientsdonot submitqueriesbeforetheserverisready. Settingastartupdelaybetweenthebootingofvirtualmachinesalsoavoids overloadingtheCPUofthehost. VirtualizemultiplemachinetestingenvironmentsSetupasoftwarepackage forQAonavirtualmachine,andconfigureautomationonothervirtualmachines totestthefirst.
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VirtualizenetworkperformanceandsecurityTeamvirtualmachinescanuse networkingjustasothervirtualmachinescan.Inaddition,teammemberscan communicateinprivatenetworkscalledLANsegments.Teamnetworkingletsyou todothefollowing: Isolateateamcompletelyfromthehostnetwork.AteamLANsegmentis undetectableandinaccessiblefromanyothernetwork. CreateavirtualDMZorproxyservertosecurelybridgetheteammembersto theoutsidenetwork. Allowspecificnetworkbandwidthandpacketlosstoeachvirtualmachineon theteam. Connectallteammembersfullytohostresources. Youcontrolalltrafficallowedbetweenthehostnetworkandteamvirtual machines. MonitormultiplevirtualmachinesUsethumbnailviewsofthevirtualmachine displaystoreviewactivityonteamvirtualmachinessimultaneously.
Managing Teams
Managingteamsrequirescreating,deleting,opening,closing,andchangingthenames ofteams.
Create a Team
UsetheNewTeamwizardtocreateateamandaddvirtualmachines. Beforecreatingateam,ifyouplantoaddvirtualmachinestotheteamwhile completingtheNewTeamwizard,taketheseactions: Poweroffanyvirtualmachinesthatyouwanttoaddtotheteam. Poweroffanyvirtualmachinesthatyouwanttocloneifyouintendtocreatea cloneandaddittotheteam. Youcaninsteadaddvirtualmachinesafteryoucreatetheteam,byusingtheTeam menu. NOTEWorkstation4virtualmachinescannotbeaddedtoteams.
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Chapter 13 Configuring Teams
To create a team 1 2 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseFile>New>Team. IntheNewTeamwizard,supplythefollowinginformation: a Enteranamefortheteamandspecifythelocationofthevirtualteamfiles. Bydefault,theteamfilesarestoredinthesamedirectoryasvirtualmachines. SeeVirtualMachineLocationonpage 81. b Specifywhethertoaddvirtualmachinestotheteamnoworlater. Ifyouwanttoaddvirtualmachinesnow,youhavethefollowingoptions: NewVirtualMachineLaunchestheNewVirtualMachinewizard.See UsetheNewVirtualMachineWizardonpage 86. ExistingVirtualMachineOpensafilebrowserfromwhichyoucan navigatethehostfilesystemtolocateanexisting.vmxfile. Whenyouaddavirtualmachinetoateamitcannolongerbeaccessed outsidetheteam.SeeAddaVirtualMachinetoaTeamonpage 257. NewCloneofVirtualMachineOpensafilebrowserfromwhichyou cannavigatethehostfilesystemtolocateanexisting.vmxfile.Afteryou selectavirtualmachine,WorkstationlaunchestheCloneVirtualMachine wizard.SeeCreatingClonesonpage 205. c SpecifywhethertoaddoneormoreLANsegments. YoucanaddLANsegmentsafteryoucreatetheteambyusingtheTeam menu.IfyouaddLANsegmentswhilecreatingtheteam,youcanchange defaultnamesandbandwidthlater.SeeWorkingwithTeamNetworkson page 260. Aftertheteamiscreated,youcanaddittotheFavoriteslist.UsetheTeammenuto configuretheteamfurther,ortoaddandremovevirtualmachines.
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Open a Team and Add It to the Favorites List

Openingateamdisplaysitssummarytabbutdoesnotpoweronthevirtualmachines includedintheteam. To open a team and add it to the Favorites list 1 2 3 4 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseFile>Open. Browsetothelocationofthe.vmtmfilefortheteamyouwant. SelectthefileandclickOpen. (Optional)ToaddtheteamtotheFavoriteslist,chooseFile>AddtoFavorites. AfterateamisaddedtotheFavoriteslist,youcanopenitbyclickingitinthe Favoriteslistratherthanusingthemenubar. Youcannowpowerononeormoreofthevirtualmachinesintheteam.SeePowerOn aTeamonpage 259.
Rename a Team
Whenyoucreateateam,thenameofthedirectorywheretheteam(.vmtm)fileisstored isbasedonthenameyouoriginallygivetheteam.Althoughyoucanchangethename oftheteam,thenameofthisfiledoesnotchange. To rename a team Dooneofthefollowing: IftheteamisintheFavoriteslist,rightclickitandchooseRename.Typethenew nameandpressEnter. SelecttheteamandchooseTeam>Settings>Options.Typeanewnameinthe TeamnamefieldandclickOK.
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Power Off or Close a Team

Poweringoffateammeansshuttingdownallthevirtualmachinesintheteam. The virtualmachinesarepoweredoffinreverseorderofthatshowninthestartup sequence.SeeSpecifytheStartupSequenceforaTeamonpage 258. ClosingateamremovesitssummarytabfromtheWorkstationwindow.Dependingon howyousetWorkstationpreferences,closingateammightrequirepoweringoffthe team. To power off or close a team Dependingonwhichoperationyouwanttoperform,dooneofthefollowing: Topowerofftheteam,selectitandchooseTeam>Power>PowerOff. Dependingonhowyouconfiguredpoweroperations,theguestoperatingsystem mightbeshutdownbeforethevirtualmachineispoweredoff.SeeConfigure PowerOffandResetOptionsforaVirtualMachineonpage 149. Toclosetheteam,selectitandchooseFile>Close. DependingonhowWorkstationpreferencesareset,ifanyoftheteamsvirtual machinesarestillpoweredon,youmightseeaprompt.Forinformationaboutthe optionsshownintheprompt,seeClosingVirtualMachinesandExiting Workstationonpage 69.
Delete a Team
Beforeyoucandeleteateam,youmustpoweroffallvirtualmachinesthataremembers oftheteam.SeePowerOfforCloseaTeamonpage 255. Whenyoudeleteateam,youcanchoosetodelete: Onlytheteam(retainingthevirtualmachinesintheteam) Theteamandthevirtualmachinesintheteam ToremoveateamfromtheWorkstationwindowratherthandeletingit,seeRemovea VirtualMachinefromaTeamonpage 258. CAUTIONDeletingateampermanentlyremovestheteamfilesfromthehostfilesystem andremovesassociatedLANsegmentsfromallvirtualmachines.Deletingtheteams virtualmachinesalongwiththeteamremovesthevirtualmachinefilespermanently.
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To delete a team 1 2 SelecttheteamandchooseTeam>Delete from Disk. Completethedialogboxthatappears: Todeletetheteamwithoutdeletingthevirtualmachinesinit,chooseDelete. Todeletetheteamandthevirtualmachinesinit,chooseDeleteTeamand VMs. Whenyoudeleteateam,youalsodeleteallteamLANsegments.Thevirtual networkadaptersassociatedwithdeletedLANsegmentsbecomedisconnected. Bridged,hostonly,NAT,andcustomconfigurationsremainunchanged. 3 ClickOK.
Summary and Console Views for Teams and Their Virtual Machines
Workstationdisplaysteamsinasummaryvieworconsoleview: Thesummaryviewisavailableatanytime.SeeSummaryViewonpage 54. Theconsoleviewisavailableonlywhenateamispoweredon.Agrabbarallows youtoresizetheareas.Thisviewdisplaysalargeconsoleviewoftheselected virtualmachineandthumbnailconsoleviewsoftheothervirtualmachinesinthe team.Thumbnailviewsshowtheorderofthestartupsequence,fromlefttoright andtoptobottom. Iftheteamcontainsmanyvirtualmachines,youmightneedtoscrollthethumbnailsto viewallthevirtualmachines.Thethumbnailsaredisplayedinthesameorderasthe teamsstartupsequence.Theleftmostvirtualmachineisthefirstoneinthesequence. Workstationupdatesthumbnailsinrealtime,todisplaytheactualcontentofthevirtual machinescreens.Theactivevirtualmachineistheoneyouselectorswitchtobyusing theTeam>SwitchTomenu.Itappearsinthelowerpaneoftheconsole.Itsthumbnail isrepresentedbytheVMwareicon. Workstationmenusandcommandsdirectlyaffectonlytheactivevirtualmachine,and youcanusethemouseandkeyboardtointeractdirectlywiththeactivevirtual machine. Infullscreenmode,Workstationdisplaysonlytheactivevirtualmachine.SeeUseFull ScreenModeonpage 154.
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Managing the Members of a Team

Managingmembersofateamrequiresaddingvirtualmachinestoateam,removing themfromateam,andsettingtheorderinwhichmembersofateamstartandstop.
Add a Virtual Machine to a Team

Beforeyouaddavirtualmachinetoateam,considertheseissues: Avirtualmachineisnotpoweredonwhenyouaddittoarunningteam.Youmust powerontheaddedvirtualmachinemanuallytouseitduringthecurrentsession. Theaddedvirtualmachineisthereafterpoweredonoroffwiththerestoftheteam. Whenyouaddavirtualmachinetoateam,youcannolongeroperatethevirtual machineoutsidetheteam.Addingavirtualmachinetoateamthereforeremoves itfromtheFavoriteslist. NOTEWorkstation4virtualmachinescannotbeaddedtoteams. To add a virtual machine to a team Selecttheteam,chooseTeam>Add,andchooseoneofthefollowingoptions: NewVirtualMachineLaunchestheNewVirtualMachinewizard.SeeUsethe NewVirtualMachineWizardonpage 86. ExistingVirtualMachineOpensafilebrowserfromwhichyoucannavigatethe hostfilesystemtolocateanexisting.vmxfile. Whenyouaddavirtualmachinetoateamitcannolongerbeaccessedoutsidethe team. NewCloneofVirtualMachineOpensafilebrowserfromwhichyoucan navigatethehostfilesystemtolocateanexisting.vmxfile.Afteryouselecta virtualmachine,WorkstationlaunchestheCloneVirtualMachinewizard.See CreatingClonesonpage 205.
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Remove a Virtual Machine from a Team

Removeavirtualmachinefromateamwhenyouwanttousethevirtualmachine independently.Thatis,itdoesnotneedtobestarteduporshutdownbeforeorafter anyothervirtualmachine.Italsodoesnotneedtobeinaprivateteamnetwork. NOTEWhenyouremoveavirtualmachinefromateam,youalsoremoveitfromteam LANsegments.VirtualnetworkadaptersassociatedwithLANsegmentsbecome disconnected.Bridged,hostonly,NAT,andcustomconfigurationsremainunchanged. To remove a virtual machine from a team 1 2 Poweroffthevirtualmachinethatyouwanttoremove. SelecttheteamandchooseTeam>Remove><virtual machine name>. Theselectedvirtualmachineisremovedfromtheteam. Youmightwanttoperformthesetasksafterremovingthevirtualmachine: AddthevirtualmachinetotheFavoriteslist.SeeToaddvirtualmachinesand teamstotheFavoriteslistonpage 62. Deletethevirtualmachineanderaseitsfilesfromthehostfilesystem.SeeDelete aVirtualMachineonpage 150.
Specify the Startup Sequence for a Team

Useastartupsequencetospecifytheorderinwhichvirtualmachinesstartandstopand thedelay,inseconds,betweenstartingandstoppingthenextvirtualmachineinthe sequence. Poweronandresumeoperationsoccurintheorderofthesequenceshownintheteam settingslist.Poweroffoperationsoccurinreverseorder.Thedefaultsequenceisthe orderinwhichyouaddedthevirtualmachinestotheteam.Thedefaultdelayis 10 seconds. Settingastartupsequenceisuseful,forexample,ifyouhaveavirtualmachinethatruns anapplicationtobetestedandyouwantittostartbeforethevirtualmachinesrunning anautomatedtestingscript. SettingadelayavoidsoverloadingtheCPUwhenmultiplevirtualmachinesstartand allowsapplicationsonavirtualmachinetolaunchbeforeanotherteamvirtualmachine attemptstoconnect.
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To specify a startup sequence for a team 1 2 SelecttheteamandchooseTeam>SettingsandclicktheVirtualMachinestab. Usetheupanddownarrowbuttonstoarrangethevirtualmachinesinthelist. Thevirtualmachineatthetopofthelististhefirstinthestartupsequence. 3 Selecteachvirtualmachineandspecifyhowmanysecondsyouwantittowait beforestartingthenextvirtualmachine. Ifthevirtualmachineteamdependsonprecisestartuptiming,experimentto determinehowmuchtimethehostandguestoperatingenvironmentsand applicationsneedtolaunch. 4 ClickOKtosaveyourchanges.
Power Operations for Teams and Their Members

Poweroperationsforteamsaremuchthesameasthoseforanindividualvirtual machine.However,forateam,youcanalsochangethesequenceinwhichthemembers ofateampoweronandoff.SeeSpecifytheStartupSequenceforaTeamonpage 258. YoucanalsouseWorkstationscommandlineapplicationforteampoweroperations. SeeAppendix A,WorkstationCommandLineReference,onpage 467.
Power On a Team
Whenyoupoweronateam,thevirtualmachinesintheteampoweroninthestartup sequencespecifiedintheteamsettingseditor.SeeSpecifytheStartupSequencefora Teamonpage 258. To power on a team Dooneofthefollowing: TousetheWorkstationGUI,selecttheteamandchooseTeam>Power> Power On. Tousethecommandline,seeStartupOptionsforWorkstationandVirtual Machinesonpage 467.
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Suspend or Resume a Team

Whenyoususpendateam,allteamvirtualmachinesaresuspendedsimultaneously. Thestartupsequencedeterminestheorderinwhichvirtualmachinesareresumedand howmuchtimeelapsesbeforeresumingthenextteammember.SeeSpecifythe StartupSequenceforaTeamonpage 258. IfyouattempttocloseWorkstationwhileateamsuspendorresumeoperationisstillin progress,awarningdialogboxappears. To suspend or resume a team 1 Tosuspendorresumeateam,selecttheteamandchooseoneoftheTeam>Power options. Allteamvirtualmachinesaresuspendedsimultaneously. 2 Toseetheprogressofaparticularteammember,chooseTeam>Switch To> <virtual_machine_name>.
Thetimetocompletetheoperationvarieswiththesizeofthevirtualmachines.
Perform Power Operations on One Team Member

Performingapoweroperationforonememberofateamissimilartoperformingthe operationforavirtualmachinethatisnotpartoftheteam,exceptthatinsteadof selectingthemachinefromtheFavoriteslist,youselectitfromtheteamsconsoletab. To perform power operations on one team member 1 2 Selectthevirtualmachinefromtheteamsconsoletab. ChoosetheappropriatecommandfromtheVM>Powermenu.
Working with Team Networks

Oneoftheadvantagesofteamsistheabilitytoisolatevirtualmachinesinprivate virtualnetworks,calledLANsegments.Thiscanbeusefulwithmultitiertesting, networkperformanceanalysis,andsituationswhereisolationandpacketlossare important. ForinformationaboutotheraspectsofnetworkingthanLANsegments,seeChapter 14, ConfiguringaVirtualNetwork,onpage 265.
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LAN Segment Requirements Regarding IP Addresses

Whenyouaddanexistingvirtualmachinetoateam,thevirtualmachinemightbe configuredtoexpectanIPaddressfromaDHCPserver.UnlikehostonlyandNAT networking,LANsegmentshavenoDHCPserverprovidedautomaticallyby Workstation. EachnetworkclientmusthaveanIPaddressforTCP/IPnetworking.Thereforeyou mustmanuallyconfigureIPaddressingforteamvirtualmachinesonaLANsegment. Twochoicesareavailable: DHCPConfigureaDHCPserveronyourLANsegmenttoallocateIPaddresses toyourvirtualmachines. StaticIPConfigureafixedIPaddressforeachvirtualmachineontheLAN segment.
Create a Team LAN Segment

ThefirststeptocreatingavirtualnetworkforateamistoaddandnameaLAN segment.Youcanthenconfigureconnectionstothissegment. To create a team LAN segment 1 2 SelecttheteamandchooseTeam>Add>LAN Segment. EnteranamefortheprivatenetworkandclickOK. Youcanconfiguretheothersettingsinthisdialogboxlater. YoumightwanttoperformthesetasksaftercreatingaLANsegment: Configurenetworktransmissionpropertiesforthesegment.SeeConfigureLAN Segmentsonpage 262. Createanetworkadapterandconnectittothesegment.SeeAddorRemove NetworkAdaptersonpage 263.
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Configure LAN Segments

YoucanconfigurenetworktransmissionpropertiesforateamLANsegment,including bandwidthsettingssuchasconnectiontypeandspeed,aswellaspercentageofpacket lossallowed. To configure LAN segments 1 2 SelecttheteamandchooseTeam>Settings. ClicktheLANSegmentstab,andcompletethefields. Fromthistabyoucanadd,remove,andrenametheLANsegmentsconfiguredfor theteam. ThelistintheleftpanedisplaysLANsegmentsassociatedwiththeteam. 3 ClickanametoselecttheLANsegmentyouwanttoconfigure. Therightpanedisplaysparametersforthephysicalpropertiesoftheemulated LANsegmentlink: NameNameoftheLANsegment.Tochangethename,typeanewnamein theNamefield. BandwidthDropdownmenuofbandwidthsfortypicalnetworklinks.To changethebandwidth,chooseanotherconnectiontypefromthedropdown menu. KbpsFieldtosetacustombandwidth,inkilobitspersecond.Changeshere areoverwrittenwhenyoumakeaselectionfromtheBandwidthmenu.To changethebandwidth,typeanumberintothefield. PacketLossSpecificationoftheefficiencyorfaultinessofthelink,measured inthepercentageofpacketslostfromthetotalnumberofpacketstransmitted. Tochangethepacketlosssetting,typeanumberintothefield. 4 5 ClickOKtosaveyourchanges. (Optional)Ifvirtualmachinesarecurrentlyrunningandyouwantthemtoadopt theseconfigurationchanges,poweron,reset,orresumethevirtualmachines,as appropriate.
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Add or Remove Network Adapters

AphysicalPCmusthaveanetworkadapterorNIC(networkinterfacecontroller),for eachphysicalnetworkconnection.Similarly,avirtualmachinemustbeconfigured withavirtualnetworkadapterforeachLANsegmentitinteractswith. ToconnectavirtualmachinetomultipleLANsegmentssimultaneously,youmust configurethatvirtualmachinewithmultiplenetworkadapters. To add or remove network adapters 1 2 3 Poweroffthevirtualmachinethatyouwanttoaddanetworkadaptertoorremove anadapterfrom. SelecttheteamandchooseTeam>Settings. OntheConnectionstab,selectthevirtualmachineanddooneofthefollowing: Toaddanetworkadapter,clickAddAdapter. TheaddedadapterisdisplayedintheAdapterscolumn.Bydefault,the adapterconnectstothebridgedLANsegment,butyoucanchangethesetting byclickingacheckboxforanothersegment.Ifthesegmentyouwanttouseis notlisted,createit.SeeCreateaTeamLANSegmentonpage 261. NICsconfiguredwithconnectionsthroughaDHCPservercannotconnectto ateamLANsegment. Toremoveanadapter,selecttheadapteryouwanttoremoveandclick RemoveAdapter. 4 ClickOK.
Delete a LAN Segment

DeletingaLANsegmentdisconnectsallvirtualnetworkadaptersthatareconfigured forthatLANsegment.Whenyouremoveavirtualmachinefromateam,youmust manuallyconfigureitsdisconnectedvirtualnetworkadapterifyouwanttoreconnect thevirtualmachinetoanetwork. To delete a LAN segment 1 2 3 SelecttheteamandchooseTeam>Settings. ClicktheLANSegmentstabandselecttheLANsegmentyouwanttodelete. ClickRemoveandclickOK.
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Cloning and Taking Snapshots of Team Virtual Machines

Youcancloneavirtualmachineinateaminthesamewayyoucloneanyothervirtual machine.SeeCreatingClonesonpage 205. Whenyoucloneavirtualmachineinateam: Theresultingcloneisnotpartoftheteam. ThecloneappearsontheFavoriteslistaswellasinasummarywindow. IftheparentvirtualmachineisconfiguredforaLANsegment,thevirtualnetwork adapterforthatLANsegmentonthecloneisdisconnected.Toconnecttoa network,youmustreconfigurethevirtualEthernetadaptermanually. Snapshotsoperateonlyonvirtualmachinesandnotonthewholeteam.Whenateam isactive,youcanusetheSnapshotbuttononthetoolbartotakeasnapshotofonlythe activevirtualmachine. Topreservethestateofallvirtualmachinesonateam,powerofftheteam,andtakea snapshotofeachvirtualmachinebeforeyoupowerontheteamagain.
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Configuring a Virtual Network
14
ThischapterpreviewsthevirtualnetworkingcomponentsthatVMwareWorkstation providesandshowshowtousethemwithyourvirtualmachine.Thischapterincludes thefollowingtopics: ComponentsoftheVirtualNetworkonpage 265 CommonNetworkingConfigurationsonpage 266 ExampleofaCustomNetworkingConfigurationonpage 272 ChangingaNetworkingConfigurationonpage 275 ConfiguringBridgedNetworkingonpage 277 ChangingtheSubnetorDHCPSettingsforaVirtualNetworkonpage 280 ConfiguringHostVirtualNetworkAdaptersonpage 282
Components of the Virtual Network

Workstationprovidesthebridged,networkaddresstranslation(NAT),andhostonly networkingoptionstoconfigureavirtualmachineforvirtualnetworking.
Virtual Switch
Likeaphysicalswitch,avirtualswitchletsyouconnectothernetworkingcomponents together.VirtualswitchesarecreatedasneededbyWorkstation,uptoatotalof10 virtualswitchesonWindowsand255onLinux.Youcanconnectoneormorevirtual machinestoaswitch.Bydefault,afewofthevirtualswitchesaremappedtospecific networks.
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Table 14-1. Virtual Network Switches

Network Type Switch Name Reference
Bridged NAT Hostonly
VMnet0 VMnet8 VMnet1
BridgedNetworkingonpage 267 NetworkAddressTranslation(NAT)on

page 269
HostOnlyNetworkingonpage 270
TheotheravailablenetworksarenamedVMnet2,VMnet3,VMnet4,andsoon.
DHCP Server
Thedynamichostconfigurationprotocol(DHCP)serverprovidesIPnetwork addressestovirtualmachinesinconfigurationsthatarenotbridgedtoanexternal network.Forexample,hostonlyandNATconfigurationsusetheDHCPserver.
Network Adapter
Avirtualnetworkadapterissetupforyourvirtualmachinewhenyouuseanytypeof networkingtocreateitwiththeNewVirtualMachinewizard.Itappearsintheguest operatingsystemasanAMDPCNETPCIadapterorasanIntelPro/1000MTServer Adapter.OnWindowsVistaguests,itisanIntelPro/1000MTServerAdapter. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortocreateandconfigureupto10virtualnetwork adaptersineachWorkstation6.0andhighervirtualmachine.Thelimitisthreeadapters forWorkstation4or5virtualmachines.Formoreinformation,seeChanginga NetworkingConfigurationonpage 275.
Common Networking Configurations

WhenyouchoosethestandardnetworkingoptionsintheNewVirtualMachinewizard orthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,thenetworkingconfigurationsaresetupforyou automatically. IfyouselecttheTypicalsetuppathintheNewVirtualMachinewizard,thewizardsets upnetworkaddresstranslation(NAT)forthevirtualmachine.SelecttheCustomsetup pathtochooseanyoftheothercommonconfigurations:bridgednetworking,NAT,or hostonlynetworking.Thewizardconnectsthevirtualmachinetotheappropriate virtualnetwork.
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Chapter 14 Configuring a Virtual Network
Youcansetupmorespecializedconfigurationsbychoosingtheappropriatesettingsin thevirtualmachinesettingseditor,inthevirtualnetworkeditor(onWindowsand Linuxhosts),andonyourhostcomputer.Onbothhosts,thesoftwareneededforall networkingconfigurationsisinstalledwhenyouinstallWorkstation. YoucanconnectmultiplevirtualmachinestothesamevirtualEthernetswitch.Ona Windowshost,youcanconnectanunlimitednumberofvirtualnetworkdevicestoa virtualswitch.OnaLinuxhost,youcanconnectupto32devices. IfyouhavesetyourvirtualnetworksettingsonapreviousversionofWorkstationand upgrade,yourpreviousnetworksettingsmightbefullyorpartiallypreserved.For moreinformation,seePreparingforanUpgradeonpage 46.
Bridged Networking
Bridgednetworkingconnectsavirtualmachinetoanetworkbyusingthehost computersnetworkadapter.Ifyourhostcomputerisonanetwork,thisisoftenthe easiestwaytogiveyourvirtualmachineaccesstothatnetwork.Thevirtualnetwork adapterinthevirtualmachineconnectstothephysicalnetworkadapterinyourhost computer,allowingittoconnecttotheLANthehostcomputeruses. Bridgednetworkingconfiguresyourvirtualmachineasauniqueidentityonthe network,separatefromandunrelatedtoitshost.Itmakesthevirtualmachinevisible toothercomputersonthenetwork,andtheycancommunicatedirectlywiththevirtual machine.Bridgednetworkingworkswithbothwiredandwirelessphysicalhost networkcards. Figure 14-1. Bridged Networking Setup
virtual network adapter
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virtual network switch (VMnet0) virtual bridge host network adapter
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Set Up Bridged Networking

WindowsandLinuxhostscanusebridgednetworkingtoconnecttowiredandwireless networks. To set up bridged networking Dooneofthefollowing: Foranewvirtualmachine,chooseFile>New>VirtualMachine>Custom (advanced)andselectUsebridgednetworkingintheNewVirtualMachine wizard. Foranexistingvirtualmachine,chooseVM>Settings. a b c OntheHardwaretabselectNetworkAdapter. IntheNetworkconnectionsectionselectBridged:Connecteddirectlytothe physicalnetwork. (Optional)SelectReplicatephysicalnetworkconnectionstateifyouusethe virtualmachineonalaptoporothermobiledevice. Asyoumovefromonewiredorwirelessnetworktoanother,theIPaddressis automaticallyrenewed.
Setup Requirements for IP Addresses

Ifyouusebridgednetworking,yourvirtualmachinemusthaveitsownidentityonthe network.Forexample,onaTCP/IPnetwork,thevirtualmachineneedsitsown IP address.YournetworkadministratorcantellyouwhetherIPaddressesareavailable foryourvirtualmachineandwhichnetworkingsettingsyoushoulduseintheguest operatingsystem.Generally,yourguestoperatingsystemcanacquireanIPaddress andothernetworkdetailsautomaticallyfromaDHCPserver,oryoumightneedtoset theIPaddressandotherdetailsmanuallyintheguestoperatingsystem. Ifyouusebridgednetworking,thevirtualmachineisafullparticipantinthenetwork. Ithasaccesstoothermachinesonthenetworkandothermachinesonthenetworkcan contactitasifitwereaphysicalcomputeronthenetwork. Userswhobootmultipleoperatingsystemsoftenassignthesameaddresstoall systems,becausetheyassumethatonlyoneoperatingsystemwillberunningatatime. NOTEIfthehostcomputerissetuptobootmultipleoperatingsystemsandyourun oneormoreoftheminvirtualmachines,configureeachoperatingsystemwitha uniquenetworkaddress.
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Network Address Translation (NAT)

NATconfiguresavirtualmachinetosharetheIPandMACaddressesofthehost. The virtualmachineandthehostshareasinglenetworkidentitythatisnotvisible outsidethenetwork.NATcanbeusefulwhenyournetworkadministratorletsyouuse asingleIPaddressorMACaddress.IfcannotgiveyourvirtualmachineanIPaddress ontheexternalnetwork,youcanuseNATtogiveyourvirtualmachineaccesstothe InternetoranotherTCP/IPnetwork.NATusesthehostcomputersnetwork connection.NATworkswithEthernet,DSL,andphonemodems. Figure 14-2. NAT Setup
virtual machine
virtual network switch (VMnet8)
DHCP server
NAT device
network
IfyouselectNAT,thevirtualmachinecanusemanystandardTCP/IPprotocolsto connecttoothermachinesontheexternalnetwork.Forexample,youcanuseHTTPto browseWebsites,FTPtotransferfiles,andTelnettologontoothercomputers. NAT alsoletsyoutoconnecttoaTCP/IPnetworkbyusingaTokenRingadapteronthe hostcomputer. Inthedefaultconfiguration,computersontheexternalnetworkcannotinitiate connectionstothevirtualmachine.Thatmeans,forexample,thatthedefault configurationdoesnotletyouusethevirtualmachineasaWebservertosendWeb pagestocomputersontheexternalnetwork.Thisconfigurationprotectstheguest operatingsystemfrombeingcompromisedbeforeyouhaveachancetoinstallsecurity software.FormoreinformationonNAT,seeUsingNATonpage 299.
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Setting Up NAT
Bydefault,NATisusedwhenyouusetheTypicalsetuptocreateavirtualmachinein theNewVirtualMachinewizard.

IfyouuseNAT,yourvirtualmachinedoesnothaveitsownIPaddressontheexternal network.Instead,aseparateprivatenetworkissetuponthehostcomputer.Your virtualmachinegetsanaddressonthatnetworkfromtheVMwarevirtualDHCP server.TheVMwareNATdevicepassesnetworkdatabetweenoneormorevirtual machinesandtheexternalnetwork.Itidentifiesincomingdatapacketsintendedfor eachvirtualmachineandsendsthemtothecorrectdestination.
Host-Only Networking
Hostonlynetworkingcreatesanetworkthatiscompletelycontainedwithinthehost computer.Hostonlynetworkingprovidesanetworkconnectionbetweenthevirtual machineandthehostcomputer,usingavirtualnetworkadapterthatisvisibletothe hostoperatingsystem.Thisapproachcanbeusefulifyouneedtosetupanisolated virtualnetwork.Inthisconfiguration,thevirtualmachinecannotconnecttothe Internet.Formoreinformationonhostonlynetworking,seeSelectingIPAddresses onaHostOnlyNetworkorNATConfigurationonpage 286. Figure 14-3. Host-Only Networking Setup
virtual machine
virtual network switch (VMnet1) host network adapter
DHCP server
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Set Up Host-Only Networking

Youcansetuphostonlynetworkingwhilecreatingavirtualmachineorafteravirtual machineiscreated. To set up host-only networking Dooneofthefollowing: Foranewvirtualmachine,chooseFile>New>VirtualMachine>Custom (advanced)andselectUsehostonlynetworkingintheNewVirtualMachine wizard. Foranexistingvirtualmachine,chooseVM>Settings. a b OntheHardwaretabselectNetworkAdapter. IntheNetworkconnectionsectionclickHostonly:Aprivatenetworkshared withthehost.

Ifyouusehostonlynetworking,yourvirtualmachineandthehostvirtualadapterare connectedtoaprivateEthernetnetwork.TheVMwareDHCPserverprovides addressesonthisnetwork.
Routing and Connection Sharing

Ifyouinstalltheproperroutingorproxysoftwareonyourhostcomputer,youcan establishaconnectionbetweenthehostvirtualnetworkadapterandaphysical networkadapteronthehostcomputer.Thisletsyou,forexample,toconnectthevirtual machinetoaTokenRingorothernonEthernetnetwork. OnaWindows2000,WindowsXP,orWindowsServer2003hostcomputer,youcanuse hostonlynetworkingincombinationwiththeInternetconnectionsharingfeaturein Windowstoallowavirtualmachinetousethehostsdialupnetworkingadapteror otherconnectiontotheInternet.FordetailsonhowtoconfigureInternetconnection sharing,seeyourWindowsdocumentation.
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Example of a Custom Networking Configuration

WiththeWorkstationvirtualnetworkingcomponents,youcancreatesophisticated virtualnetworks.Thevirtualnetworkscanbeconnectedtooneormoreexternal networks,ortheycanrunentirelyonthehostcomputer.OnWindowshosts,youcan usethevirtualnetworkeditortoaccessmultiplenetworkcardsinyourhostandcreate multiplevirtualnetworks. Beforeyouattempttosetupcomplexvirtualnetworks,haveagoodunderstandingof howtoconfigurenetworkdevicesinyourhostandguestoperatingsystems. Figure 144showsmostofthewaysyoucancombinedevicesonavirtualnetwork. OthercustomconfigurationsaredescribedinAdvancedVirtualNetworkingon page 285andUsingNATonpage 299.Inthisexample,aWebserverconnects throughafirewalltoanexternalnetwork.Anadministratorscomputerconnectstothe Webserverthroughasecondfirewall. Figure 14-4. Custom Configuration with Two Firewalls
host network adapter virtual bridge virtual network adapter virtual network switch virtual (VMnet0) network adapter virtual network adapter
virtual machine 2 Web server
virtual machine 1 firewall
virtual machine 3 firewall
virtual machine 4 internal PC
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Set Up a Custom Networking Configuration

Tosetupthecustomnetworkingconfiguration,createfourvirtualmachinesanduse thevirtualmachinesettingseditortoadjustthesettingsfortheirvirtualnetwork adapters.Installtheappropriateguestoperatingsystemsandapplicationsoftwarein eachvirtualmachineandmaketheappropriatenetworkingsettingsineachvirtual machine. To set up a custom networking configuration 1 SetupfourvirtualmachinesusingtheNewVirtualMachinewizard: a b c ChooseFile>New>VirtualMachine. Createthefirstvirtualmachinewithbridgednetworkingsothatitcanconnect toanexternalnetworkbyusingthehostcomputersnetworkadapter. Createtheotherthreevirtualmachineswithoutnetworking. Settingupvirtualnetworkadaptersandinstallationoftheoperatingsystems areperformedinStep 7. 2 Configurenetworksettingsforthefirstvirtualmachine: a b Openthefirstvirtualmachine,butdonotpoweriton. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddasecondvirtualnetwork adapter. SeeChangingaNetworkingConfigurationonpage 275. c 3 ConnectthesecondadaptertoCustom(VMnet2).
Configurenetworksettingsforthesecondvirtualmachine. a b c Openavirtualmachine,butdonotpoweriton. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddavirtualnetworkadapter. ConnecttheadaptertoCustom(VMnet2).
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Configurenetworksettingsforthethirdvirtualmachine: a b c d e Openvirtualmachine3,butdonotpoweriton. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddavirtualnetworkadapter. ConnecttheadaptertoCustom(VMnet2). Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddasecondvirtualnetwork adapter. ConnectthesecondadaptertoCustom(VMnet3).
Configurenetworksettingsforthefourthvirtualmachine: a b c Openvirtualmachine4,butdonotpoweriton. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddavirtualnetworkadapter. ConnecttheadaptertoCustom(VMnet3).
DeterminethenetworkaddressesusedforVMnet2andVMnet3: OnWindowshosts,openacommandpromptandrunthefollowing command:

ipconfig /all
Notethenetworkaddressesthateachvirtualadapteruses. OnLinuxhosts,openaterminalandrunthefollowingcommand:
ifconfig
Notethenetworkaddressesthateachvirtualswitchuses. 7 8 Poweroneachvirtualmachineinturnandinstalltheappropriateguestoperating system. OnaWindowsandLinuxhosts,toconfigurenetworkaddressesusingtheDHCP server,dothefollowing: a ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkSettings>DHCP. OnLinux,chooseApplications>SystemTools>VirtualNetwork Configuration,ortheequivalentmenupathforyourversionofLinux. b AddVMnet2andVMnet3tothelistofvirtualnetworksthatthevirtualDHCP serverserves. Formoreinformationonchangingsubnets,seeChangeSubnetorDHCP SettingsonaWindowsHostonpage 280andChangeSubnetorDHCP SettingsonaLinuxHostonpage 281.
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Configurethenetworkingineachguestoperatingsystem: Machine1Forthebridgednetworkadapterinvirtualmachine1,usethe networkingsettingsneededforaconnectiontotheexternalnetwork.Ifthe virtualmachinereceivesitsIPaddressfromaDHCPserverontheexternal network,thedefaultsettingsshouldwork. Forthesecondnetworkadapterinvirtualmachine1,manuallyassignan IP addressintherangeyouareusingwithVMnet2. Machine2AssignanIPaddressintherangeyouareusingwithVMnet2. Machine3NetworkadaptersareconnectedtoVMnet2andVMnet3.Assign toeachadapteranIPaddressintherangeyouareusingwiththevirtual networktowhichitisconnected. Machine4AssignanIPaddressintherangeyouareusingwithVMnet3.
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Installthenecessaryapplicationsoftwareineachvirtualmachine.
Changing a Networking Configuration

Youcandeterminethetypeofnetworkavirtualmachineisusing,usethevirtual machinesettingseditortoaddvirtualnetworkadapterstoyourvirtualmachine,and changetheconfigurationofexistingadapters.
Find the Network Type of a Virtual Machine

Unlessyousetupacustomnetworkconnection,avirtualmachineusesabridged,NAT, orhostonlynetworkconnection.IfyouusetheTypicalsetuppathintheNewVirtual Machinewizardtocreateavirtualmachine,thenewvirtualmachineusestheNAT networktype. Formoreinformation,seeCommonNetworkingConfigurationsonpage 266. To find the network type of a virtual machine 1 2 3 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings>Hardware. Selectthenetworkadapter. TheNetworkConnectionsectiondisplaysthedetailsthatletsyoutochangethe settings. Tochangethenetworktype,seeModifyExistingVirtualNetworkAdapterson page 276.
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Add Virtual Network Adapters

Youcanaddupto10virtualnetworkadapterstoavirtualmachine. To add virtual network adapters 1 2 3 4 5 6 Selectthevirtualmachinetowhichyouwanttoaddtheadapter. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAdd. SelectNetworkAdapterandclickNext. Selectthenetworktypetouse. (Optional)IfyouselectCustom,choosetheVMnetnetworktousefromthe dropdownmenu. AlthoughVMnet0,VMnet1,andVMnet8aretechnicallyavailableinthislist,they areusuallyusedforbridged,hostonly,andNATconfigurations,respectively.You mustperformanotherproceduretomakethemavailableforuseincustom configurations.ChooseoneoftheotherVMnetswitches. 7 ClickFinish. Thenewadapterisadded. 8 ClickOKtosaveyourconfiguration.
Modify Existing Virtual Network Adapters

Beforeyoubeginmodifyingthevirtualnetworkadapters,determinethenetworktype youwanttoassign.SeeCommonNetworkingConfigurationsonpage 266. To modify existing virtual network adapters 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selecttheadaptertomodify. Selectthenetworktypetouse.
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(Optional)IfyouselectCustom,choosetheVMnetvirtualnetworktouseforthe networkfromthedropdownmenu. AlthoughVMnet0,VMnet1,andVMnet8aretechnicallyavailableinthismenu, theyareusuallyusedforbridged,hostonly,andNATconfigurations,respectively. Youmustperformanotherproceduretomakethemavailableforuseincustom configurations.ChooseoneoftheotherVMnetswitches.
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ClickOK. BesuretheguestoperatingsystemisconfiguredtouseanappropriateIPaddress onthenewnetwork. IftheguestisusingDHCP,releaseandrenewthelease.IftheIPaddressisset statically,besuretheguesthasanaddressonthecorrectvirtualnetwork.
Configuring Bridged Networking

WindowsandLinuxhostsallowyoutoconfigurebridgednetworking.Youcanview andchangethesettingsforbridgednetworkingonyourhost,determinewhich networkadaptersonyourhosttouseforbridgednetworking,andmapspecific networkadapterstospecificvirtualnetworks,calledVMnets.
Configure VMnet0 Automatic Bridged Networking on a Windows Host

WhenyouconfigureVMnet0bridgednetworkingthechangeyoumakeaffectsallthe virtualmachinesthatusebridgednetworkingonthehost. To configure VMnet0 bridged networking on a Windows host 1 ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkSettings. Thevirtualnetworkeditorappears,withtheSummarytabactive. Bydefault,VMnet0issettouseautomaticbridgingmodeandbridgestooneofthe activenetworkadaptersonthehostcomputer. 2 ClicktheAutomaticBridgingtab,andselectthecheckboxforAutomatically chooseanavailablephysicaladaptertobridgetoVMnet0. Toplacerestrictionsonanetworkadapter,seeAddorRemoveaHostNetwork AdapterfromtheListofExcludedAdapters. 3 ClickOK.
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Add or Remove a Host Network Adapter from the List of Excluded Adapters
Onhostsystemswithmultiplephysicalnetworkadapters,thechoiceofwhichadapter Workstationusesisarbitrary.Therefore,youcanplaceorremoverestrictionsona networkadapterofyourchoice. To add or remove a host network adapter from the list of excluded adapters 1 2 3 ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkSettings. ClicktheAutomaticBridgingtab. IntheExcludedadapterssection,dooneofthefollowing: Toremoveanadapter,selecttheadapterandclickRemove. Toaddanadapter,dothefollowing: i ii 4 ClickAdd. IntheAddExcludedAdaptersdialogbox,selectthelistingforthe adaptertoaddandclickOK.
ClickOK.
Designate a Physical Network Adapter to Bridge to Custom Virtual Switches

Beforeyouchangethebridgedadaptermappings,checkwhichvirtualnetworkthe physicalnetworkadapterisgoingtobeassignedto. CAUTIONIfyoureassignaphysicalnetworkadaptertoadifferentvirtualnetwork,any virtualmachinethatisusingtheoriginalnetworklosesitsnetworkconnectivity throughthatnetwork.Youmustthenchangethesettingforeachaffectedvirtual machinesnetworkadapterindividually. Thiscanbeespeciallytroublesomeifyourhosthasonlyonephysicalnetworkadapter andyoureassignittoaVMnetotherthanVMnet0.Inthiscase,eventhoughtheVMnet stillappearstobebridgedtoanautomaticallychosenadapter,theonlyadapteritcan usewasassignedtoanotherVMnet. To designate a physical network adapter to bridge to custom virtual switches 1 2 ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkSettings. ClicktheHostVirtualNetworkMappingtab.
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Chooseanadapterfromthedropdownmenubesidethenameofthevirtual switchtouse. YoucancreateacustombridgednetworkonvirtualswitchesVMnet2toVMnet7. OnWindows,youcanalsouseVMnet9.OnLinux,youcanalsousevmnet10 throughvmnet255.
ClickOK.
Configure vmnet0 Automatic Bridged Networking on a Linux Host

Bydefault,vmnet0issettouseautomaticbridgingmodeandbridgestooneofthe activenetworkadaptersonthehostcomputer. To configure vmnet0 automatic bridged networking on a Linux host 1 OntheLinuxhost,dooneofthefollowing: Fromthedesktop, Openaterminalwindowandenterthefollowingcommand:
/usr/bin/vmware-netcfg
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Whenprompted,entertheadministratorpassword. Ifthetableinthenetworkeditordoesnotdisplayarowforvmnet0,click Add NetworkandcompletetheAddVirtualNetworkdialogbox. Selectthevmnet0rowinthetableandselectBridged. Dooneofthefollowing: Touseautomaticbridging,clickAutomaticSettingsandcompletethedialog box. Ifyouselectmultiplecheckboxes,thevirtualmachinebridgestothefirst availablehostnetworkadapter.Ifaniteminthelistisdisabled,theadapteris notavailablebecauseitisalreadybeingusedtobridgetoanothervmnet. Tospecifyonehostnetworkadapter,usetheBridgetolistbox.
ClickSave.
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Setting Up a Second Automatic Bridged Network Interface

Ifyouhavetwonetworkadaptersinstalledonyourhostcomputer,connectedtotwo differentnetworks,youmightwantyourvirtualmachinesonthathostcomputerto bridgetobothnetworkadapterssothatthevirtualmachinescanaccesseitherorboth physicalnetworks. WhenyouinstallWorkstationonahostcomputerwithmultiplenetworkadapters,you canconfiguremultiplebridgednetworks.OnWindowshost,tosetupmultiplebridged networksseeConfigureVMnet0AutomaticBridgedNetworkingonaWindows Hostonpage 277.OnLinuxhost,tosetupmultiplebridgednetworksseeConfigure vmnet0AutomaticBridgedNetworkingonaLinuxHostonpage 279.
Changing the Subnet or DHCP Settings for a Virtual Network

OnWindowsandLinuxhosts,youcanusethevirtualnetworkeditortomakechanges tosubnetandDHCPsettings. IPnetworksaredividedusingsubnetmasks.Whenyoumodifythesubnetmask, WorkstationautomaticallyupdatestheIPaddresssettingsforothercomponentssuch asDHCP,NAT,andhostvirtualadapterifthedefaultsettingswereneverchanged. The specificsettingsthatareautomaticallyupdatedincludeDHCPleaserange,DHCP serveraddress,NATgatewayaddress,andhostvirtualadapterIPaddress. However,ifyouchangedanyofthesesettingsfromitsdefaultvalue,Workstationdoes notupdatethatsettingautomatically.Workstationpresumesthatcustomsettingsare nottobemodified.Thisisthecaseevenifyoulaterchangedthesettingbacktothe default.
Change Subnet or DHCP Settings on a Windows Host

Tochangethesubnetsettings,configurethesubnetmask.Thedefaultsubnetmaskis 255.255.255.0(aClassCaddress).Typically,thismeansyoushouldmodifyonlythe thirdnumberintheIPaddressforexample,xin192.168.x.0or198.16.x.0.Ingeneral, donotchangethesubnetmask.Certainvirtualnetworkservicesmightnotworkaswell withacustomizedsubnetmask. To change subnet or DHCP settings on a Windows host 1 2 ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkSettings. ClicktheHostVirtualNetworkMappingtab.
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Clickthebuttonontherightthatcorrespondstothevirtualnetworktoconfigure.
ChooseSubnetorDHCP: IntheSubnetdialogbox,youcanchangethesubnetsIPaddressandthe subnetmask. Theaddressshouldspecifyavalidnetworkaddressthatissuitableforuse withthesubnetmask. IntheDHCPsettingsdialogbox,youcanchangetherangeofIPaddresses providedbytheWorkstationDHCPserveronaparticularvirtualnetwork. YoucanalsosetthedurationofDHCPleasesprovidedtoclientsonthevirtual network.
ClickOK.
Change Subnet or DHCP Settings on a Linux Host

NATandhostonlynetworktypescanhavesettingsforsubnetIP.Youcanusethe virtualnetworkeditortochangesubnetsettingsforavirtualnetworkonaLinuxhost. YoucanalsousethevirtualnetworkeditortospecifythatalocalDHCPservice distributesIPaddressestovirtualmachines.TochangeDHCPsettingsfurther,editthe dhcp.conffile.SeeConfiguretheDHCPServeronaLinuxHostonpage 288. To change subnet or DHCP settings on a Linux host 1 OntheLinuxhost,dooneofthefollowing: Fromthedesktop,chooseApplications>SystemTools>VirtualNetwork Configuration,ortheequivalentmenupathforyourversionofLinux. Openaterminalwindowandenterthefollowingcommand:
/usr/bin/vmware-netcfg
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Whenprompted,entertheadministratorpassword. Ifthetableinthenetworkeditordoesnotdisplayarowforthenetworktypeyou want,clickAddNetworkandcompletetheAddVirtualNetworkdialogbox. Usevmnet1forahostonlynetworktype,andusevmnet8foraNATnetworktype.
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SelecttherowinthetablethatcorrespondstothenetworktoeditandselectNAT orHostonly,asappropriate. UsetheappropriatecheckboxestospecifywhethertouseaDHCPservice,ahost virtualadapter,orboth. TospecifysubnetIP,dooneofthefollowing: ToautomaticallyselectanunusedsubnetIP,leavetheSubnetIPtextbox empty. Thenexttimeyoustartthevirtualnetworkeditor,thesubnetIPappearsinthe textbox. TypethesubnetIPyouwanttouseintheSubnetIPtextbox.
ClickSave.
Configuring Host Virtual Network Adapters

WhenyouinstallWorkstation,twonetworkadaptersareaddedtotheconfigurationof yourhostoperatingsystem.Oneletsthehosttoconnecttothehostonlynetwork,and theotherletsthehosttoconnecttotheNATnetwork. Thepresenceofvirtualnetworkadaptershasaslightperformancecost,because broadcastpacketsmustgototheextraadapters.OnWindowsnetworks,browsingyour networkmightbeslowerthanusual.Insomecases,theseadaptersinteractwiththe hostcomputersnetworkingconfigurationinundesirableways.
Enable or Disable a Host Virtual Adapter

Beforeyoudisableahostvirtualadapterdeterminewhetheryouaregoingtousethe virtualnetworkadapter. To enable or disable a host virtual adapter 1 2 3 4 5 ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkSettings. ClicktheHostVirtualAdapterstab. Selecttheadaptertoenableordisable. ClickDisableorEnable. ClickOK.
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Add or Remove a Host Virtual Adapter

Youcanaddavirtualnetworkandspecifywhichvirtualorphysicaladapterto associatewithit. To add or remove a host virtual adapter 1 2 3 ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkSettings. ClicktheHostVirtualAdapterstab. Toaddanadapter,dothefollowing: a b 4 5 ClickAdd. IntheAddNetworkAdapterdialogbox,choosethevirtualnetworkonwhich youwanttousetheadapterandclickOK.
Toremoveanadapter,selecttheadaptertoremoveandclickRemove. ClickOK.
Setting Up Two Separate Host-Only Networks

Setupmultiplehostonlynetworksonthesamehostcomputerinsituationssuchasthe following: Tohavetwovirtualmachinesconnectedtoonehostonlynetwork,andother virtualmachinesconnectedtoanotherhostonlynetworktoisolatethenetwork trafficoneachnetwork. Totestroutingbetweentwovirtualnetworks. Totestavirtualmachinewithmultiplenetworkinterfacecards,withoutusingany physicalnetworkadapters. OnWindowsandLinuxhosts,thefirsthostonlynetworkissetupautomaticallywhen youinstallWorkstation.TosetupmultiplehostonlynetworksonWindowsandLinux hostsseeAddorRemoveaHostVirtualAdapteronpage 283. OnaLinuxhost,afterthehostonlynetworksaresetup,atleastfournetworkinterfaces appear:eth0,lo,vmnet1,andvmnet2.Thesefourinterfacesshouldhavedifferent IP addressesonseparatesubnets.
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Advanced Virtual Networking
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Thischapterprovidesdetailedinformationaboutnetworkingcapabilitiesand specializedconfigurationsforexpertusers.Thischapterincludesthefollowing advancedvirtualnetworkingtopics: SelectingIPAddressesonaHostOnlyNetworkorNATConfigurationon page 286 AvoidingIPPacketLeakageinaHostOnlyNetworkonpage 289 MaintainingandChangingtheMACAddressofaVirtualMachineonpage 291 ControllingRoutingInformationforaHostOnlyNetworkonLinuxonpage 293 PotentialIssueswithHostOnlyNetworkingonLinuxonpage 294 ConfiguringHostOnlyVirtualMachinesonpage 295 SetUpRoutingBetweenTwoHostOnlyNetworksonpage 297 UsingVirtualNetworkAdaptersinPromiscuousModeonaLinuxHoston page 298 UsingNATonpage 299 AdvancedNATConfigurationonpage 302 UsingSambawithWorkstationonpage 311
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Selecting IP Addresses on a Host-Only Network or NAT Configuration

Thehostandallvirtualmachinesconfiguredforhostonlynetworkingareconnected tothenetworkthroughavirtualswitch.Typically,allthepartiesonthisnetworkuse theTCP/IPprotocolsuite,althoughothercommunicationprotocolscanbeused. Anetworkaddresstranslation(NAT)configurationalsosetsupaprivatenetwork, whichmustbeaTCP/IPnetwork.ThevirtualmachinesconfiguredforNATare connectedtothatnetworkthroughavirtualswitch.Ahostvirtualadapterconnectsthe hostcomputertotheprivatenetworkusedforNAT. Eachvirtualmachineandthehostmustbeassignedaddressesontheprivatenetwork. ThisistypicallydonebyusingtheDHCPserverincludedwithWorkstation.Thisserver doesnotservicevirtual(orphysical)machinesresidingonbridgednetworks. AddressescanalsobeassignedstaticallyfromapoolofaddressesthattheDHCPserver doesnotassign.
How the Subnet Number Is Assigned

WhenhostonlynetworkingisenabledatthetimeWorkstationisinstalled,thesubnet IPaddressforthevirtualnetworkisautomaticallyselectedasanunusedprivatesubnet IPaddress.ANATconfigurationalsousesanunusedprivatenetworkautomatically selectedwhenyouinstallWorkstation.
Find the Network Type Used on a Virtual Machine

Beforeyouassignasubnetnumber,determinethenetworktypeusedonthevirtual machine. To find the network type used on a virtual machine ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor. OnaWindowshost,theSummarytabdisplaysthesubnetnumberassociatedwiththe virtualnetwork.
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Chapter 15 Advanced Virtual Networking
Determining Whether to Use DHCP or Statically Assign Addresses

UsingDHCPtoassignIPaddressesissimplerandmoreautomaticthanstatically assigningthem.MostWindowsoperatingsystems,forexample,arepreconfiguredto useDHCPatboottime,soWindowsvirtualmachinescanconnecttothenetworkthe firsttimetheyarebooted,withoutadditionalconfiguration.Ifyouwantyourvirtual machinestocommunicatewitheachotherusingnamesinsteadofIPaddresses, however,youmustsetupanamingconvention,anameserverontheprivatenetwork, orboth.InthatcaseitmightbesimplertousestaticIPaddresses. Ingeneral,ifyouhavevirtualmachinesyouintendtousefrequentlyorforextended periodsoftime,itisprobablymostconvenienttoassignthemstaticIPaddressesor configuretheVMwareDHCPservertoalwaysassignthesameIPaddresstoeachof thesevirtualmachines.
DHCP Conventions for Assigning IP Addresses

Fortemporaryvirtualmachines,useDHCPandletitallocateanIPaddress. ForeachhostonlyorNATnetwork,theavailableIPaddressesareallocatedusingthe conventionsshowninTable 151andTable 152,where<net>isthenetworknumber assignedtoyourhostonlyorNATnetwork.WorkstationalwaysusesaClassCaddress forhostonlyandNATnetworks. Table 15-1. IP Address Use on a Host-Only Network
Range <net>.1 <net>.2<net>.127 <net>.128<net>.253 <net>.254 <net>.255 Address Use Hostmachine Staticaddresses DHCPassigned DHCPserver Broadcasting Example 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.2192.168.0.127 192.168.0.128192.168.0.253 192.168.0.254 192.168.0.255
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Table 15-2. IP Address Use on a NAT Network

Range <net>.1 <net>.2 <net>.3<net>.127 <net>.128<net>.253 <net>.254 <net>.255 Address Use Hostmachine NATdevice Staticaddresses DHCPassigned DHCPserver Broadcasting Example 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.3192.168.0.127 192.168.0.128192.168.0.253 192.168.0.254 192.168.0.255
Configure the DHCP Server on a Windows Host

OnaWindowshost,usethevirtualnetworkeditortoconfiguretheDHCPserver. To configure the DHCP server on a Windows host 1 2 3 4 ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor. ClicktheDHCPtab. Selectthevirtualnetworkforwhichyouwanttochangesettingsandclick Properties. IntheDHCPSettingsdialogboxthatappears,makechangesandclickOK.
Configure the DHCP Server on a Linux Host

EditingtheDHCPserverconfigurationfilerequiresinformationthatisbestobtained directlyfromtheDHCPserverdocumentation.Consultthedhcpd(8)and dhcpd.conf(8)manualpages. NOTETheeditsmadeinsidethereadonlysectionoftheDHCPconfigurationfileare lostthenexttimeyourunthenetworkeditor. To configure the DHCP server on a Linux host ToconfigurethehostonlyDHCPserver,edittheDHCPconfigurationfilefor vmnet1(/etc/vmware/vmnet1/dhcp/dhcp.conf). ToconfiguretheDHCPserverfortheNATnetwork,edittheconfigurationfilefor vmnet8(/etc/vmware/vmnet8/dhcp/dhcp.conf).
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Avoiding IP Packet Leakage in a Host-Only Network

Bydesign,eachhostonlynetworkshouldbeconfinedtothehostmachineonwhichit issetup.Thatis,packetsthatvirtualmachinessendonthisnetworkshouldnotleak outtoaphysicalnetworkattachedtothehost.Packetleakagecanoccuronlyifa machineactivelyforwardspackets. Ifyouusedialupnetworkingsupportinavirtualmachineandpacketforwardingis enabled,hostonlynetworktrafficmightleakoutthroughthedialupconnection. To preventtheleakage,disablepacketforwardinginyourguestoperatingsystem. Ifthehostcomputerhasmultiplenetworkadapters,itmightbeintentionally configuredtouseIPforwarding.Ifthatisthecase,youdonotwanttodisable forwarding.Toavoidpacketleakage,youmustenableapacketfilteringfacilityand specifythatpacketsfromthehostonlynetworkshouldnotbesentoutsidethehost computer.Consultyouroperatingsystemdocumentationfordetailsonhowto configurepacketfiltering.
Disable Packet Forwarding on Windows Hosts

SystemsusingserverversionsofWindowsoperatingsystemscanforwardIPpackets thatarenotaddressedtothem.Bydefault,thesesystemsandWindowsVistasystems haveIPpacketforwardingdisabled.IPforwardingisnotaproblemonWindows 2000 Professional,Windows XPProfessional,orWindows XPHomeEditionhosts. NOTEIfyouarerunningWindows2000Professional,installWindows2000 administrativetoolstoaccesstheservertoolsanddisablepacketforwarding. IfyoufindpacketsleakingfromahostonlynetworkonaWindowshostcomputer, checkwhetherforwardingwasenabledonthehostmachine.Ifitisenabled,disableit.
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To disable packet forwarding on Windows hosts Dooneofthefollowing: StoptheRoutingandRemoteAccessservice: a b ChooseStart>Runandenterservices.mscintheRundialogbox. IntheServiceswindowthatappears,disabletheRoutingandRemoteAccess service.
UseWindowsAdministrativeToolstodisableroutingandremoteaccess: a OnaWindows2000orWindows2003Serverhost,chooseStart>Programs> AdministrativeTools>RoutingandRemoteAccess. Aniconontheleftislabeledwiththehostname.Ifagreendotappearsover theicon,IPforwardingisturnedon. b ToturnoffIPforwarding,rightclicktheiconanddisableRoutingand RemoteAccess. Areddotappears,indicatingthatIPforwardingisdisabled.
Install Windows 2000 Administrative Tools to Access Server Tools

Windows2000AdministrativeToolsarenotinstalledonaWindows2000Professional system.However,youcaninstallthesetoolsfromaWindows2000Serveror Windows 2000AdvancedServerCDROM. To install Windows 2000 Administrative Tools to access server tools 1 2 3 Openthei386folderontheapplicableWindows2000Serverdisc. Doubleclicktheadminpak.msifile,andfollowtheinstructionsthatappearinthe Windows2000AdministrativeToolsSetupWizard. AfterWindows2000AdministrativeToolsareinstalled,youcanaccessmostofthe serveradministrativetoolsbychoosingStart>Programs>AdministrativeTools.
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Disable Packet Forwarding on Linux Hosts

IfyoufindpacketsleakingfromahostonlynetworkonaLinuxhostcomputer,check whetherforwardingwasmistakenlyenabledonthehostmachine.Ifitisenabled, disableit. To disable packet forwarding on Linux hosts DependingonwhichtypeofLinuxsystemyouhave,useoneofthefollowingmethods: Disableforwardingbywritinga0(zero)tothespecialfile /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward.Asroot(su-),enterthefollowingcommand:
echo "0" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
UseaconfigurationoptionthatisappropriateforyourLinuxdistribution. For example,youmightuseacontrolpanel,specifyasettingatthetimeyou compileyourkernel,orenteraspecificationwhenyoubootyoursystem. Fordetailsaboutthemethodtousewithyourdistribution,consultyouroperating systemdocumentation.
Maintaining and Changing the MAC Address of a Virtual Machine

Whenavirtualmachineispoweredon,Workstationassignseachofitsvirtualnetwork adaptersanEthernetmediaaccesscontrol(MAC)address.AMACaddressisthe uniqueaddressassignedtoeachEthernetnetworkdevice. ThesoftwareguaranteesthatvirtualmachinesareassigneduniqueMACaddresses withinagivenhostsystem.ThevirtualmachineisassignedthesameMACaddress everytimeitispoweredonifbothofthefollowingconditionsaretrue: Thevirtualmachineisnotmoved.Thatis,thepathnameandfilenameforthe virtualmachinesconfigurationfileremainthesame. Nochangesaremadetocertainsettingsintheconfigurationfile. However,WorkstationcannotguaranteetoautomaticallyassignuniqueMAC addressesforvirtualmachinesthatrunonmultiplehostsystems.
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Avoiding MAC Address Changes

ToavoidchangesintheMACaddressautomaticallyassignedtoavirtualmachine,do notmovethevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile.Movingittoadifferenthost computerorevenmovingittoadifferentlocationonthesamehostcomputerchanges theMACaddress. Alsodonotchangecertainsettingsinthevirtualmachinesconfiguration(.vmx)file. If youneveredittheconfigurationfilebyhandanddonotremovethevirtualnetwork adapter,thesesettingsremainunchanged.Ifyoudoedittheconfigurationfilebyhand, donotremoveorchangethefollowingoptions:
ethernet[n].generatedAddress ethernet[n].addressType ethernet[n].generatedAddressOffset uuid.location uuid.bios ethernet[n].present
Intheseoptions,[n]isthenumberofthevirtualnetworkadapter,forexample0. NOTETopreserveavirtualnetworkadaptersMACaddress,youmustbecarefulnot toremovetheadapter.Ifyouremovetheadapterbutlaterrecreateit,theadapter mightreceiveadifferentMACaddress.
Assign the Same MAC Address to Any Virtual Machine Manually

AssigntheMACaddressmanuallyinsteadofallowingWorkstationtoassignitto guaranteethefollowing: ThesameMACaddressisassignedtoagivenvirtualmachineeverytimeyou poweriton,evenifthevirtualmachineismoved. AuniqueMACaddressisprovidedforeachvirtualmachinewithinanetworked environment. To assign the same MAC address to any virtual machine manually 1 Useatexteditortoremovefromtheconfiguration(.vmx)filethethreelinesthat beginwiththefollowing:
ethernet[n].generatedAddress ethernet[n].addressType ethernet[n].generatedAddressOffset
Intheseoptions,[n]isthenumberofthevirtualnetworkadapter,forexample,0. OnaLinuxhost,avirtualmachinecreatedwithanearlierVMwareproductmight haveaconfigurationfilewitha.cfgextension.

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AddthefollowinglinetotheconfigurationfileabovetheUUIDlinesinthefile:
ethernet[n].address = 00:50:56:XX:YY:ZZ
Inthisline,thefourthpairofnumbers,XX,mustbeavalidhexadecimalnumber between00hand3Fh,andYYandZZmustbevalidhexadecimalnumbersbetween 00handFFh.YoumustusetheaboveformatbecauseWorkstationvirtual machinesdonotsupportarbitraryMACaddresses. AvalueforXX:YY:ZZthatisuniqueamongyourhardcodedaddressesavoids conflictsbetweentheautomaticallyassignedMACaddressesandthemanually assignedaddresses.
Controlling Routing Information for a Host-Only Network on Linux

Ahostonlynetworkisafullfledgednetwork.Ithasanetworkinterfaceassociated withit(vmnet1)thatismarkedupatthetimethehostoperatingsystemisbooted. Consequently,routingserverprocessesthatoperateonthehostoperatingsystem,such asroutedandgated,automaticallydiscoverthehostonlynetworkandpropagate informationonhowtoreachthenetworkunlessyouexplicitlyconfigurethemnotto doso. Ifeitheroftheseprocessesisbeingrunonlytoreceiveroutinginformation,theeasiest solutionistoruntheroutingconfigurationwitha-qoptionsothatthehostonly networkdoesnotsupplybutonlyreceivesroutinginformation. If,however,routingservicesarerunningbecausetheyaretosupplyroutinginformation, configurethemsothattheydonotadvertiseroutestothehostonlynetwork. TheversionofroutedincludedwithmanydistributionsofLinuxhasnosupportfor specifyingthataninterfaceshouldnotbeadvertised.Consulttherouted(8)manual pageforyoursystem. Forgated,configurationisinvolved.Youmustexplicitlyexcludethevmnet1interface fromanyprotocolactivity.Ifyouneedtorunvirtualmachinesonahostonlynetwork onamultihomedsystemwheregatedisusedandhaveproblemsdoingso,contact VMwaretechnicalsupportbysubmittingasupportrequestontheVMwareWebsite.
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Potential Issues with Host-Only Networking on Linux

Thefollowingarecommonissuesyoumightencounterwhenyouareconfiguringa hostonlynetworkonLinux.
DHCPD on the Linux Host Does Not Work After Installing Workstation
IfyouwererunningtheDHCPserverdhcpdutilityonyourmachinebeforeyou installedWorkstation,itprobablywasconfiguredtorespondtoDHCPrequestsfrom clientsonanynetworkinterfacepresentonthemachine.Whenhostonlynetworking isconfigured,anadditionalnetworkinterface,vmnet1,ismarkedupandavailablefor use,anddhcpdmightnoticethis. Insuchcases,somedhcpdimplementationsabortiftheirconfigurationfilesdonot includeasubnetspecificationfortheinterface.Thiscanhappenevenifdhcpdisnot supposedtorespondtomessagesthatarrivethroughtheinterface. Thebestsolutionistoaddalinetothedhcpdconfigurationfileinthefollowingformat:
subnet <net>.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {}
Here <net>isthenetworknumberassignedtoyourhostonlynetworkforexample, 192.168.0.Thislineintheconfigurationfileinformsdhcpdaboutthehostonlynetwork andtellsitexplicitlynottorespondtoanyDHCPrequestsarrivingfromit. Analternativesolutionistoexplicitlystatethesetofnetworkinterfacesfordhcpdto monitoreachtimeyoustarttheprogram.Forexample,ifyourmachinehasoneEthernet interface,eth0,eachtimeyoustartdhcpd,listtheinterfaceonthecommandline:

dhcpd eth0
Thispreventsdhcpdfromsearchingforallavailablenetworkinterfaces. IfthesesolutionsdonotworkforyourDHCPserverprogram,itmightbeanoldDHCP server.YoucantryupgradingtoamorecurrentversionofDHCPavailablefromthe InternetSystemsConsortium(ISC)Website.
DHCP and DDNS

UseDHCPtosupplyIPaddressesaswellasotherinformation,suchastheidentityof ahostrunninganameserverandthenearestrouterorgateway.TheDHCPserverin Workstationdoesnotprovideameanstodynamicallyestablisharelationshipbetween theIPaddressitassignsandaclientsname(thatis,toupdateaDNSserverusing dynamicdomainnameservice(DDNS).
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Tousenamestocommunicatewithothervirtualmachines,youmusteithereditthe DHCPconfigurationfileforvmnet1(/etc/vmware/vmnet1/dhcpd/dhcpd.conf),or useIPaddressesthatarestaticallyboundtoahostname.EditingtheDHCPserver configurationfilerequiresinformationthatisbestobtaineddirectlyfromtheDHCP serverdocumentation.Consultthedhcpd(8)anddhcpd.conf(8)manualpages. NOTETheeditsmadeinsidethereadonlysectionoftheDHCPconfigurationfileare lostthenexttimeyourunthenetworkeditor.
Configuring Host-Only Virtual Machines

Ifyouhavealreadycreatedtwohostonlyinterfaces(VMnet1andVMnet2),youcanset upyourvirtualmachinesforoneofthefollowingconfigurations: Configuration1Thevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithonevirtualnetwork adapter,andthatvirtualadapterisconnectedtothedefaulthostonlyinterface (VMnet1).Tousethisconfiguration,seeSetUpUsingConfiguration1or2on page 295. Configuration2Thevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithonevirtualnetwork adapter,andthatvirtualadapterisconnectedtothenewlycreatedhostonly interface(VMnet2).Tousethisconfiguration,seeSetUpUsingConfiguration1 or2onpage 295. Configuration3Thevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithtwovirtualnetwork adapters.Onevirtualadapterisconnectedtothedefaulthostonlyinterface (VMnet1)andtheothervirtualadapterisconnectedtothenewlycreatedhostonly interface(VMnet2).Tousethisconfiguration,seeSetUpUsingConfiguration3 onpage 296.
Set Up Using Configuration 1 or 2

Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoconnectthevirtualmachinetothedefault hostonlyadapteroracustomhostonlyadapter. To set up using configuration 1 or 2 1 2 3 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectNetworkAdapter.
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IntheNetworkConnectionsection,dooneofthefollowing: Toconnecttothedefaulthostonlyinterface(VMnet1),selectHostonly. Toconnecttothenewlycreatedhostonlyinterface,selectCustom,andchoose VMnet2fromthedropdownmenuontheright.
(Optional)Ifnonetworkadapterisshowninthelistofdevices,addone,as describedinAddVirtualNetworkAdaptersonpage 276.
Set Up Using Configuration 3

Makesurethattherearetwonetworkdevicesforthisvirtualmachine.Formore informationonaddingvirtualnetworkadapters,seeAddVirtualNetworkAdapters onpage 276. To set up using configuration 3 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectthefirstNetworkAdapter. IntheNetworkConnectionsection,selectHostonly. Thisadapterisconnectedtothedefaulthostonlyinterface(VMnet1). 6 Selectthesecondnetworkadapterinthelist,andintheNetworkConnection section,selectCustomandchooseVMnet2fromthedropdownmenu.
Complete Configuring the Virtual Network Adapters

TocompletetheconfigurationyoumustassignanIPaddressontheappropriateVMnet subnettoeachvirtualnetworkadapterasyouwouldforphysicaladaptersona physicalcomputer. To complete configuring the virtual network adapters 1 Poweronthevirtualmachineandinstallyourguestoperatingsystem. Inconfigurations1and2,youseeonenetworkadapter.Inconfiguration3,yousee twonetworkadapterswithintheguest. 2 AssignIPaddressestothevirtualnetworkadapters.
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(Optional)ToseetheIPaddressthatahostonlynetworkisusing: OnWindowshosts,openacommandpromptandrunthefollowing command:

ipconfig /all
OnLinuxhosts,openaterminalandrunthefollowingcommand:
ifconfig
Set Up Routing Between Two Host-Only Networks

Ifyouaresettingupacomplextestnetworkthatusesvirtualmachines,youmightwant tohavetwoindependenthostonlynetworkswitharouterbetweenthem. Useoneofthefollowingmethods.Inbothcases,youneedtwohostonlyinterfaces.: Theroutersoftwarerunsonthehostcomputer. Theroutersoftwarerunsonitsownvirtualmachine. Theexamplesdescribedhereoutlinethesimplestcase,withonevirtualmachineon eachofthehostonlynetworks.Formorecomplexconfigurations,youcanaddmore virtualmachinesandhostonlynetworks,asappropriate. To set up routing between two host-only networks 1 2 3 Setuptheconnectiontothefirst(default)hostonlyinterface,asdescribedinSet UpUsingConfiguration1or2onpage 295. Setuptheconnectiontothesecond(VMnet2)hostonlyinterface,asdescribedin SetUpUsingConfiguration1or2onpage 295. (Optional)Toruntheroutersoftwareonavirtualmachine,setupathirdvirtual machinewithconnectionstothetwohostonlyinterfaces,asdescribedinSetUp UsingConfiguration3onpage 296. Toruntheroutersoftwareonyourhostcomputer,skipthisstep. 4 StoptheVMnetDHCPserverservice: OnaWindowshost,chooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor>DHCP,selectthe serviceandclickStop. OnaLinuxhost,openaterminalandusethefollowingcommandtostopthe vmnet-dhcpdservice:
killall -TERM vmnet-dhcpd
Installguestoperatingsystemsineachofthevirtualmachines.
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6 7
Installtheroutersoftware,eitheronthehostcomputerorinthethirdvirtual machine,dependingontheapproachyouareusing. Configurenetworkinginthefirsttwovirtualmachinestouseaddressesonthe appropriatehostonlynetwork: OnWindowshosts,openacommandpromptandruntheipconfig /all commandtodeterminewhichIPaddresseseachhostonlynetworkisusing. OnLinuxhosts,openaterminalandruntheifconfigcommandto determinewhichIPaddresseseachhostonlynetworkisusing.
AssignIPaddressesbydoingoneofthefollowing: Ifyouarerunningtherouteronthehostcomputer,assigndefaultrouter addressesbasedontheaddressesofthehostonlyadaptersonthehostcomputer. Inthefirstvirtualmachinesnetworkingconfiguration,thedefaultrouter addressshouldbetheIPaddressforthehostonlyadapterconnectedto VMnet1.Inthesecondvirtualmachinesnetworkingconfiguration,the defaultrouteraddressshouldbetheIPaddressforthehostonlyadapter connectedtoVMnet2. Ifyouarerunningtheroutersoftwareinathirdvirtualmachine,setthe defaultrouteraddressesinthefirsttwovirtualmachinesbasedonthe addressesthatthethirdvirtualmachineuses. Inthefirstvirtualmachinesnetworkingconfiguration,thedefaultrouter addressshouldbetheIPaddressforthethirdvirtualmachinesnetwork adapterconnectedtoVMnet1.Inthesecondvirtualmachinesnetworking configuration,thedefaultrouteraddressshouldbetheIPaddressforthethird virtualmachinesnetworkadapterconnectedtoVMnet2. Youcannowpingtheroutermachinefromvirtualmachines1and2.Iftherouter softwareissetupcorrectly,youcancommunicatebetweenthefirstandsecond virtualmachines.
Using Virtual Network Adapters in Promiscuous Mode on a Linux Host

Workstationdoesnotallowthevirtualnetworkadaptertogointopromiscuousmode unlesstheuserrunningWorkstationhaspermissiontomakethatsetting.This restrictionfollowsthestandardLinuxpracticethatonlytherootusercanputanetwork interfaceintopromiscuousmode.
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WhenyouinstallandconfigureWorkstation,youmustruntheinstallationastheroot user.Workstationcreatesthevmnetdeviceswithrootownershipandrootgroup ownership,whichmeansthatonlytherootuserhasreadandwritepermissionstothe devices. Tosetthevirtualmachinesnetworkadaptertopromiscuousmode,youmustlaunch Workstationastherootuserbecauseyoumusthavereadandwriteaccesstothevmnet device.Forexample,ifyouareusingbridgednetworking,youmusthaveaccessto /dev/vmnet0. Tograntselectedotherusersreadandwriteaccesstothevmnetdevice,youcancreate anewgroup,addtheappropriateuserstothegroup,andgrantthatgroupreadand writeaccesstotheappropriatedevice.Youmustmakethesechangesonthehost operatingsystemastherootuser(su -).Forexample,youcanenterthefollowing commands:
chgrp <newgroup> /dev/vmnet0 chmod g+rw /dev/vmnet0
Here<newgroup>isthegroupthatshouldbeabletosetvmnet0topromiscuousmode. Foralluserstobeabletosetthevirtualnetworkadapter(/dev/vmnet0intheexample) topromiscuousmode,runthefollowingcommandonthehostoperatingsystemasthe rootuser:

chmod a+rw /dev/vmnet0
Using NAT
NATprovidesawayforvirtualmachinestousemostclientapplicationsoveralmost anytypeofnetworkconnectionavailabletothehost.Theonlyrequirementisthatthe networkconnectionmustsupportTCP/IP. NATisusefulwhenyouhavealimitedsupplyofIPaddressesorareconnectedtothe networkthroughanonEthernetnetworkadapter.NATworksbytranslatingaddresses ofvirtualmachinesinaprivateVMnetnetworktotheaddressofthehostmachine. Whenavirtualmachinesendsarequesttoaccessanetworkresource,itappearstothe networkresourceasiftherequestiscomingfromthehostmachine. ThehostcomputerhasahostvirtualadapterontheNATnetwork(identicaltothehost virtualadapteronthehostonlynetwork).Thisadapterallowsthehostandthevirtual machinestocommunicatewitheachotherforsuchpurposesasfilesharing.TheNAT deviceneverforwardstrafficfromthehostvirtualadapter.
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How the NAT Device Uses the VMnet8 Virtual Switch

TheNATdeviceisconnectedtotheVMnet8virtualswitch.Virtualmachinesconnected totheNATnetworkalsousetheVMnet8virtualswitch. TheNATdevicewaitsforpacketscomingfromvirtualmachinesontheVMnet8virtual network.Whenapacketarrives,theNATdevicetranslatestheaddressofthevirtual machinetotheaddressofthehostbeforeforwardingthepackettotheexternal network.Whendataarrivesfromtheexternalnetworkforthevirtualmachineonthe privatenetwork,theNATdevicereceivesthedata,replacesthenetworkaddresswith theaddressofthevirtualmachineandforwardsthedatatothevirtualmachineonthe virtualnetwork.Thistranslationoccursautomaticallyandrequiresminimal configurationontheguestandthehost.
DHCP on the NAT Network

Tomakenetworkingconfigurationeasy,aDHCPserverisinstalledwhenyouinstall Workstation.VirtualmachinesrunningonthenetworkwiththeNATdevicecansend outDHCPrequeststodynamicallyobtaintheirIPaddresses. TheDHCPserverontheNATnetwork,whichisalsousedinhostonlynetworking configurations,dynamicallyallocatesIPaddressesintherangeof<net>.128through <net>.254,where<net>isthenetworknumberassignedtoyourNATnetwork. WorkstationalwaysusesaClassCaddressforNATnetworks.IPaddresses<net>.3 through<net>.127canbeusedforstaticIPaddresses.IPaddress<net>.1isreserved forthehostadapterand<net>.2isreservedfortheNATdevice.Formoreinformation, seeDHCPConventionsforAssigningIPAddressesonpage 287. InadditiontotheIPaddress,theDHCPserverontheNATnetworksendsout configurationinformationthatenablesthevirtualmachinetooperate.Thisinformation includesthedefaultgatewayandtheDNSserver.IntheDHCPresponse,theNAT deviceinstructsthevirtualmachinetousetheIPaddress<net>.2asthedefault gatewayandDNSserver.ThisroutingcausesallIPpacketsdestinedfortheexternal networkandDNSrequeststobeforwardedtotheNATdevice.
DNS on the NAT Network

TheNATdeviceactsasaDNSserverforthevirtualmachinesontheNATnetwork. The NATdeviceisaDNSproxyandforwardsDNSrequestsfromthevirtualmachines toaDNSserverthatthehostknows.ResponsesreturntotheNATdevice,whichthen forwardsthemtothevirtualmachines.
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IftheygettheirconfigurationinformationfromDHCP,thevirtualmachinesonthe NATnetworkautomaticallyusetheNATdeviceastheDNSserver.However,the virtualmachinescanbestaticallyconfiguredtouseanotherDNSserver. ThevirtualmachinesintheprivateNATnetworkarenot,themselves,accessible throughDNS.TohavethevirtualmachinesrunningontheNATnetworkaccesseach otherbyDNSnames,youmustsetupaprivateDNSserverconnectedtotheNAT network.
External Access from the NAT Network

Ingeneral,avirtualmachineontheNATnetworkcanautomaticallyuseanyprotocol usingTCP,orUDPcanbeusedautomaticallybyavirtualmachineontheNATnetwork aslongasthevirtualmachineinitiatesthenetworkconnection.Thisistrueformost clientapplicationssuchasWebbrowsing,Telnet,passivemodeFTP,anddownloading streamingvideo.AdditionalprotocolsupportisbuiltintotheNATdevicetoallowFTP andICMPecho(ping)toworktransparentlythroughtheNAT. Ontheexternalnetworktowhichthehostisconnected,anyvirtualmachineonthe NATnetworkappearstobethehostitself,becauseitsnetworktrafficusesthehosts IP address.ThevirtualmachinecansendandreceivedatausingTCP/IPtoanymachine thatisaccessiblefromthehost. Beforeanycommunicationcanoccur,theNATdevicemustsetupamapbetweenthe virtualmachinesaddressontheprivateNATnetworkandthehostsnetworkaddress ontheexternalnetwork. Whenavirtualmachineinitiatesanetworkconnectionwithanothernetworkresource, thismapiscreatedautomatically.Theoperationistransparenttotheuserofthevirtual machineontheNATnetwork.Noadditionalworkneedstobedone. NetworkconnectionsthatareinitiatedfromoutsidetheNATnetworktoavirtual machineontheNATnetworkarenottransparent.Whenamachineontheexternal networkattemptstoinitiateaconnectionwithavirtualmachineontheNATnetwork,it cannotreachthevirtualmachinebecausetheNATdevicedoesnotforwardtherequest. However,youcanconfigureportforwardingmanuallyontheNATdevicesothat networktrafficdestinedforacertainportcanstillbeforwardedautomaticallytoa virtualmachineontheNATnetwork.SeeAdvancedNATConfigurationonpage 302. FilesharingofthetypeusedbyWindowsoperatingsystemsandSambaispossible amongcomputersontheNATnetwork,includingvirtualmachinesandthehost computer.IfyouareusingWINSserversonyournetwork,avirtualmachineusing NATnetworkingcanaccesssharedfilesandfoldersonthehostthattheWINSserver knowsifthosesharedfilesandfoldersareinthesameworkgroupordomain.
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Advanced NAT Configuration

YoucanconfigureNATtomakecustomconfigurationsettingsforWindowsandLinux.
Configure NAT on a Windows Host

UsethevirtualnetworksettingstoconfigureNATonaWindowshost.ToedittheNAT configurationfile,seeCustomNATandDHCPConfigurationonaWindowsHoston page 302. To configure NAT on a Windows host 1 2 ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor. UsethecontrolsontheNATtabtoconfigureNAT: TostopandstartthevirtualNATdevice,clicktheappropriatebuttons. ToeditNATsettingsforavirtualnetwork,choosetheVMnetnetworkfrom thedropdownmenuandclickEdit. 3 4 ClicktheappropriatebuttontosetuporchangeportforwardingortospecifyDNS serversthatthevirtualNATdeviceshoulduse. ClickOK.
Custom NAT and DHCP Configuration on a Windows Host

IfyouareanadvanceduseronaWindowshostcomputer,youcanedittheNATand DHCPconfigurationfilestomakecustomconfigurationsettings.Ifyourhostoperating systemisinstalledontheCdrive,theconfigurationfilesforNATandDHCPareinthe followinglocations: Table 15-3. NAT and DHCP File Locations
File Type NAT Location C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\vmnetnat.conf Formoreinformationaboutthisfile,seeContentsoftheNAT ConfigurationFileonpage 304. DHCP C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\vmnetdhcp.conf
Usethevirtualnetworkeditor(Edit>VirtualNetworkEditor)tochangemanykey NATandDCHPsettings.
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Ifyoumakemanualchangestotheconfigurationfiles,thosechangesmightbelost whenyouusethevirtualnetworkeditor.Makebackupcopiesofthefilesbeforeyou changeanysettingsinthevirtualnetworkeditor.Youcanthencopyyourmanual changesbackintotheappropriateconfigurationfiles.
Specifying Connections from Ports Below 1024

WhenaclientmachinemakesaTCPorUDPconnectiontoaserver,theconnection comesfromaparticularportontheclient(thesourceport)andconnectstoaparticular portontheserver(thedestinationport).Forsecurityreasons,someserversaccept connectionsonlyfromsourceportsbelow1024.Youmightseethisconfigurationon machinesusedasNFSfileservers,forexample. IfavirtualmachineusingNATattemptstoconnecttoaserverthatrequirestheclient touseasourceportbelow1024,theNATdevicemustforwardtherequestfromaport below1024.Youcanspecifythisbehaviorinthevmnetnat.conffile. Thisbehavioriscontrolledbyentriesinsectionsheaded[privilegedUDP]and [privilegedTCP].Youmightneedtoaddsettingstoormodifysettingsineitheror bothofthesesections,dependingonthekindofconnectionyouneedtomake. Youcansettwoparameters,eachofwhichappearsonaseparateline. Table 15-4. Parameters to Map Virtual Machine Source and Destination Ports
Parameter autodetect = <n> Description TheautodetectsettingdetermineswhethertheVMwareNATdevice automaticallyattemptstomapvirtualmachinesourceportsbelow 1024toNATsourceportsbelow1024.Asettingof1meanstrue.A settingof0meansfalse.OnaWindowshost,thedefaultis1(true). OnaLinuxhost,thedefaultis0(false). Theportsettingspecifiesadestinationport(where<n>istheporton theserverthatacceptstheconnectionfromtheclient).Whenevera virtualmachineconnectstothespecifiedportonanyserver,theNAT deviceattemptstomaketheconnectionfromasourceportbelow 1024.Youcanincludeoneormoreportsettingsinthe [privilegedUDP]or[privilegedTCP]sectionorinbothsections, asrequiredfortheconnectionsyouneedtomake.Entereachport settingonaseparateline.
port = <n>
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Configuring NAT on a Linux Host

UsethedefaultNATconfigurationfileonthehosttoconfiguretheNATdevice. This fileislocatedin/etc/vmware/vmnet8/nat/nat.conf. ForanexampleofaNATconfigurationfile,seeSampleLinuxnat.confFileon page 309.
Contents of the NAT Configuration File

TheNATconfigurationfileisinthefollowinglocations: OnaWindowshost:
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\vmnetnat.conf
Ifyoueditthisfileandthenusethevirtualnetworkeditor(Edit>VirtualNetwork Editor)youreditsmightbelost. OnaLinuxhost:

/etc/vmware/vmnet8/nat/nat.conf
TheNATconfigurationfileisdividedintosections.Eachsectionconfiguresapartofthe NATdevice.Textsurroundedbysquarebracketssuchas[dns]marksthe beginningofasection.Ineachsectionisaconfigurationparameterthatcanbeset. The configurationparameterstaketheformip = 192.168.27.1/24.TheNAT configurationfilecontainsthefollowingsections. The [host] Section The[host]sectionincludesparameterstoconfiguretheNATconnection. ipTheIPaddressthattheNATdeviceshoulduse.Itcanbefollowedbyaslash andthenumberofbitsinthesubnet. netmaskThesubnetmasktousefortheNATnetwork.DHCPaddressesare allocatedfromthisrangeofaddresses. configportAportthatcanbeusedtoaccessstatusinformationabouttheNAT device. deviceTheVMnetdevicetouse.Windowsdevicesareoftheformvmnet<x> where<x>isthenumberoftheVMnet.Linuxdevicesareoftheform /dev/vmnet<x>. activeFTPFlagtoindicateifactiveFTPistobeallowed.ActiveFTPallows incomingconnectionstobeopenedbytheremoteFTPserver.Turningthisoff meansthatonlypassivemodeFTPworks.Setthisflagto0toturnitoff.
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The [udp] Section timeoutNumberofsecondstokeeptheUDPmappingfortheNATnetwork. The [dns] Section The[dns]sectionisforWindowshostsonly.Linuxdoesnotusethissection. policyPolicytouseforDNSforwarding.Acceptedvaluesinclude: orderSendoneDNSrequestatatimeintheorderofthenameservers. rotateSendoneDNSrequestatatimeandrotatethroughtheDNSservers. burstSendtothreeserversandwaitforthefirstonetorespond. timeoutTimeinsecondsbeforeretryingaDNSrequest. retriesNumberofretriesbeforetheNATdevicestopstryingtorespondtoa DNSrequest. autodetectFlagtoindicatewhethertheNATdeviceshoulddetecttheDNS serversavailabletothehost. nameserver1IPaddressofaDNSservertouse. nameserver2IPaddressofaDNSservertouse. nameserver3IPaddressofaDNSservertouse. Ifautodetectisonandsomenameserversarespecified,theDNSserversspecified innameserver1,nameserver2,andnameserver3areaddedbeforethelistof detectedDNSservers. The [netbios] Section The[netbios]sectionappliestoWindowshostsonly.Linuxdoesnotusethissection. nbnsTimeout = 2Timeout,inseconds,forNBNSqueries. nbnsRetries = 3NumberofretriesforeachNBNSquery. nbdsTimeout = 3Timeout,inseconds,forNBDSqueries. The [incomingtcp] Section Usethe[incomingtcp]sectiontoconfigureTCPportforwardingforNAT.Inthis section,youcanassignaportnumbertoanIPaddressandportnumberonavirtual machine.
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Thefollowinglineshowstheformatusedinthissection:
8887 = 192.168.27.128:21
Thisexamplecreatesamapfromport8887onthehosttotheIPaddress192.168.27.128 andport21.Whenthismapissetandanexternalmachineconnectstothehostatport 8887,thenetworkpacketsareforwardedtoport21(thestandardportforFTP)onthe virtualmachinewithIPaddress192.168.27.128. The [incomingudp] Section Usethe[incomingudp]sectiontoconfigureUDPportforwardingforNAT.Inthis section,youcanassignaportnumbertoanIPaddressandportnumberonavirtual machine. Thefollowinglineshowstheformatusedinthissection.Itillustratesawaytoforward Xservertrafficfromthehostport6000tothevirtualmachinesport6001:
6000 = 192.168.27.128:6001
Thisexamplecreatesamapfromport6000onthehosttotheIPaddress192.168.27.128 andport6001.Whenthismapissetandanexternalmachineconnectstothehostatport 6000,thenetworkpacketsareforwardedtoport6001onthevirtualmachinewith IP address192.168.27.128.
Considerations for Using NAT

ConsiderthefollowingitemswhenyouuseNAT: NATcausessomeperformanceloss. BecauseNATrequiresthateverypacketsenttoandreceivedfromavirtual machinemustbeintheNATnetwork,anunavoidableperformancepenalty occurs. NATisnotperfectlytransparent. NATdoesnotusuallyallowconnectionstobeinitiatedfromoutsidethenetwork, althoughyoucanmanuallyconfiguretheNATdevicetosetupserverconnections. ThepracticalresultisthatsomeTCPandUDPprotocolsthatrequireaconnection beinitiatedfromtheservermachinesomepeertopeerapplications,for exampledonotworkautomatically,andsomemightnotworkatall. NATprovidessomefirewallprotection. AstandardNATconfigurationprovidesbasiclevelfirewallprotectionbecausethe NATdevicecaninitiateconnectionsfromtheprivateNATnetwork,butdeviceson theexternalnetworkusuallycannotinitiateconnectionstotheprivateNAT network.
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Using NAT with NetLogon

WhenyouuseNATnetworkinginavirtualmachinewithaWindowsguestoperating systemrunningonaWindowshost,youcanuseNetLogontologintoaWindowsdomain fromthevirtualmachine.YoucanthenaccessfilesharesthattheWINSserverknows. TouseNetLogon,youneedtoknowhowWINSserversandWindowsdomain controllerswork.Thissectionexplainshowtosetupthevirtualmachinetouse NetLogon.Thesetupprocessissimilartothewayyousetupaphysicalcomputeron oneLANthatisusingadomaincontrolleronanotherLAN. TologintoaWindowsdomainoutsidethevirtualNATnetwork,thevirtualmachine needsaccesstoaWINSserverforthatdomain.Youcanconnectthevirtualmachineto aWINSserverinthefollowingways: ConnecttotheWINSserverthattheDHCPserverusedontheNATnetwork provides,iftheWINSserverisalreadysetuponthehost. ManuallyentertheIPaddressoftheWINSservertoconnectfromthevirtual machinetoaWINSservernotsetuponthehost.
Use NAT to Connect to an Existing WINS Server Set Up on the Host

TouseNATtoconnect,aWINSserverinthesameworkgroupordomainmustbeset uponthehost.ThisprocedureappliestotheWindows 2000,XP,2003Server,NT,Me, and9xguestversions. DifferencesforWindowsVista,arenotedinthespecificsteps. To use NAT to connect to an existing WINS server set up on the host 1 Inthevirtualmachine,rightclickMyNetworkPlacesandchooseProperties. ForWindowsVista,opentheNetworkandSharingCenterandclicktheView Statuslinkfortheconnectionthatusesthedesiredvirtualnetworkadapter. 2 IntheNetworkConnectionswindow,rightclickthevirtualnetworkadapterand chooseProperties. ForWindowsVista,intheConnectionStatuswindow,clickPropertiesandclick Continuewhenpromptedforpermission. 3 4 5 6
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InthePropertiesdialogbox,selectInternetProtocol(TCP/IP)andclickProperties. IntheTCP/IPPropertiesdialogbox,clickAdvanced. OntheWINStab,underNetBIOSsetting,selectUseNetBIOSsettingfrom DHCPServer. ClickOKtwiceandclickClose.

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Enter the IP Address of a WINS Server Manually

UsetheIPaddresstoconnecttoaWINSserverinthesameworkgroupordomainthat isnotalreadysetuponthehost. To enter the IP address of a WINS server manually 1 Inthevirtualmachine,rightclickMyNetworkPlacesandchooseProperties. ForWindowsVista,opentheNetworkandSharingCenter,andclicktheView Statuslinkfortheconnectionthatusesthevirtualnetworkadapter. 2 IntheNetworkConnectionswindow,rightclickthevirtualnetworkadapterand chooseProperties. ForWindowsVista,intheConnectionStatuswindow,clickPropertiesandclick Continuewhenpromptedforpermission. 3 4 5 6 InthePropertiesdialogbox,selectInternetProtocol(TCP/IP)andclickProperties. IntheTCP/IPPropertiesdialogbox,clickAdvanced. OntheWINStab,clickAdd. IntheTCP/IPWINSServerdialogbox,entertheIPaddressfortheWINSserverin theWINSserverfieldandclickOK. TheIPaddressoftheWINSserverappearsintheWINSaddresseslistontheWINS tab. 7 8 RepeatStep 5andStep 6foreachWINSservertowhichyouwanttoconnectfrom thisvirtualmachine. ClickOKtwiceandclickClose. NowthatthevirtualmachinehasanIPaddressforaWINSserver,youcanuse NetLogoninthevirtualmachinetologintoadomainandaccesssharesinthat domain.However,youraccessislimitedtosharesofvirtualmachinesthatareon thesameNATnetworkorarebridgedonthesamedomain. Forexample,iftheWINSservercoversadomainwithadomaincontroller,youcan accessthatdomaincontrollerfromthevirtualmachineandaddthevirtual machinetothedomain.YouneedtoknowtheAdministratoruserIDand passwordforthedomaincontroller.
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Sample Linux nat.conf File

# Linux NAT configuration file [host] # NAT gateway address ip = 192.168.237.2/24 hostMAC = 00:50:56:C0:00:08 # enable configuration; disabled by default for security reasons #configport = 33445 # vmnet device if not specified on command line device = vmnet8 # Allow PORT/EPRT FTP commands (they need incoming TCP stream...) activeFTP = 1 # Allows the source to have any OUI. Turn this one if you change the OUI # in the MAC address of your virtual machines. #allowAnyOUI = 1 [udp] # Timeout in seconds, 0 = no timeout, default = 60; real value might # be up to 100% longer timeout = 30 [dns] # This section applies only to Windows. # # Policy to use for DNS forwarding. Accepted values include order, # rotate, burst. # # order: send one DNS request at a time in order of the name servers # rotate: send one DNS request at a time, rotate through the DNS servers # burst: send to three servers and wait for the first one to respond policy = order; # Timeout in seconds before retrying DNS request. timeout = 2 # Retries before giving up on DNS request retries = 3 # Automatically detect the DNS servers (not supported in Windows NT) autodetect = 1
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# List of DNS servers to use. Up to three may be specified #nameserver1 = 208.23.14.2 #nameserver2 = 63.93.12.3 #nameserver3 = 208.23.14.4 [netbios] # This section applies only to Windows. # Timeout for NBNS queries. nbnsTimeout = 2 # Number of retries for each NBNS query. nbnsRetries = 3 # Timeout for NBDS queries. nbdsTimeout = 3 [incomingtcp] # Use these with care - anyone can enter into your virtual machine through # these... # FTP (both active and passive FTP is always enabled) # ftp localhost 8887 #8887 = 192.168.27.128:21 # WEB (make sure that if you are using named webhosting, names point to # your host, not to guest... And if you are forwarding port other # than 80 make sure that your server copes with mismatched port # number in Host: header) # lynx http://localhost:8888 #8888 = 192.168.27.128:80 # SSH # ssh -p 8889 root@localhost #8889 = 192.168.27.128:22 [incomingudp] # UDP port forwarding example #6000 = 192.168.27.128:6001
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Using Samba with Workstation

IfyouhaveSambaonyourLinuxhost,youcanconfigureSambasothatitworkswith Workstation. ModifyyourSambaconfigurationsothatitincludestheIPsubnetthatthevmnet1 Workstationvirtualnetworkadapteruses.Todeterminewhichsubnetvmnet1isusing, runthefollowingcommand:
/sbin/ifconfig vmnet1
MakesuretheSambapasswordfileincludesentriesforallusersofthevirtualmachine whowillaccessthehostsfilesystem.TheusernamesandpasswordsintheSamba passwordfilemustmatchthoseusedforloggingontotheguestoperatingsystem.
Add Users to the Samba Password File

YoucanaddusernamesandpasswordstotheSambapasswordfileatanytimefroma terminalwindowonyourLinuxhostcomputer. To add users to the Samba password file 1 Logintotherootaccount:
su
RuntheSambapasswordcommand:
smbpasswd -a <username>
Here<username>istheusernametoadd. 3 4 Followtheinstructionsonthescreen. Logoutoftherootaccount:

exit
Using a Samba Server for Bridged and Host-Only Networks

TouseyourSambaserverforhostonlyandbridgednetworking,youmustmodifyone parameterinthesmb.conffile.Youcandefinetheinterfaceparametersothatyour Sambaserverservesmultipleinterfaces.Anexampleofthisisthefollowing:
interface = eth0 vmnet1
ThisexampletellstheSambaservertomonitoranduseboththeeth0andvmnet1 interfaces,whicharetheinterfacesthatbridgedandhostonlynetworkinguse, respectively.
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Use Samba Without Network Access

TomakeSambainaccessiblefromyourphysicalnetworkinterface,youmustconfigure theconfigurationfile. To use Samba without network access 1 Opentheconfigurationfile: /etc/samba/smb.conf 2 Addthefollowinglinetotheconfigurationfileandsavethechanges.
interfaces = vmnet*
RestartSamba.
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Connecting Devices
16
Thischapterdescribeshowtousevariousdeviceswithavirtualmachine. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics: UsingParallelPortsonpage 313 UsingSerialPortsonpage 318 ConfiguringKeyboardFeaturesonpage 323 UsingUSBDevicesinaVirtualMachineonpage 334 UseSmartCardswithVirtualMachinesonpage 341 SupportforGenericSCSIDevicesonpage 344 UseTwoWayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessingonpage 349
Using Parallel Ports

Parallelportsareusedbyavarietyofdevices,includingprinters,scanners,dongles, anddiskdrives.Althoughthesedevicescanconnecttothehostwithoutproblems,only printerscanreliablyconnecttovirtualmachinesbyusingparallelports. Currently,WorkstationprovidesonlypartialemulationofPS/2hardware.Interrupts thatadeviceconnectedtothephysicalportrequestsarenotpassedtothevirtual machine.Also,theguestoperatingsystemcannotuseDMA(directmemoryaccess)to movedatatoorfromtheport.Forthisreason,notalldevicesthatattachtotheparallel portareguaranteedtoworkcorrectly.Donotuseparallelportstoragedevicesina virtualmachine.
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Add a Virtual Parallel Port to a Virtual Machine

Ifthevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithaparallelport,mostguestoperatingsystems detecttheportatinstallationtimeandinstalltherequireddrivers.Someoperating systems,includingLinux,WindowsNT,andWindows2000,automaticallydetectthe portsatboottime.Others,likeWindows95andWindows98,donot. To add a virtual parallel port to a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 6 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAdd. IntheNewHardwarewizard,selectParallelPortandclickNext. Specifywhichoptiontousefortheparallelport: IfyouselectUsephysicalparallelport,clickNextandchoosetheportfrom thedropdownmenu. IfyouselectOutputfile,clickNextandenterthepathandfilenameorbrowse tothelocationofthefile. 7 8 9 UnderDevicestatus,ifyoudonotwanttheparallelporttoconnectatpoweron, deselectthecheckbox. ClickFinish. IftheguestoperatingsystemisWindows95orWindows98,runtheguest operatingsystemsAddNewHardwarewizardtoletWindowsdetectthenew device. Todisplaythiswizard,chooseStart>Settings>ControlPanel>AddNew Hardware.
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Chapter 16 Connecting Devices
Troubleshoot ECR Errors for Parallel Ports

Whenyoupoweronthevirtualmachineafteraddingaparallelport,youmightseean errormessagestatingthattheparallelportonthehostdoesnothaveanExtended ControlRegister(ERC).Ifso,itispossiblethehardwaresupportsECRbutithasbeen disabledintheBIOS. To troubleshoot ECR errors for parallel ports 1 2 3 Rebootthehost. Earlyinthebootprocess,pressandholddowntheDeletekeytoenterthehost computersBIOSconfigurationeditor. FindtheparallelportfieldandenableExtendedCapabilityPort(ECP)modeora combinationofmodesthatincludesECP. MostmoderncomputerssupportECPmode.
Configuring a Parallel Port on a Linux Host

Foraparallelporttoworkproperlyinaguest,itmustfirstbeconfiguredproperlyon thehost.Mostproblemswithparallelportsarecausedbymistakesinthehost configuration. Linuxkernelsinthe2.4.xand2.6.xseriesuseaspecialarbitratorforaccesstothe parallelporthardware.Ifthehostisusingtheparallelport,thevirtualmachinecannot useit.Ifavirtualmachineisusingtheparallelport,thehostandanyusersaccessing thehostaredeniedaccesstothedevice.YoumustusetheVM>RemovableDevices menutodisconnecttheparallelportfromthevirtualmachinetoaccessthedevicefrom thehost.
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Configure Parallel Ports for Linux 2.4.x Kernels

The2.4.xkernelsthatsupportparallelportsusetheparport,parport_pc,andppdev modules.WorkstationrequiresthattheparallelportPCstylehardwareoption (CONFIG_PARPORT_PC)bebuiltandloadedasakernelmodule.Thatis,itmustbe settom.Supportforuserspaceparalleldevicedrivers(CONFIG_PPDEV)mustalsobe enabled. To configure parallel ports for Linux 2.4.x kernels 1 Todeterminewhethertheparport,parport_pc,andppdevmodulesareinstalled andloadedonyoursystem,runthelsmodcommandastherootuser. Thesethreemodulesareincludedinthelistingofloadedmodules.Youcanalso lookatthe/proc/modulesfileforthelist. 2 Toloadthepropermodules,runthefollowingcommand:
insmod <modulename>
Ifnoneofthelistedparallelportmodulesisloaded,usethefollowingcommand:
insmod parport_pc
Thiscommandinsertstheparportandparport_pcmodulesneededfora parallelport. 4 Usethefollowingcommandtoloadtheppdevmodule:

insmod ppdev
Ifproblemspersist,thelpmodulemightbeloaded.Ifitis,thevirtualmachine cannotusetheparallelportcorrectly. 5 Ifthelpmoduleisloaded,runthefollowingcommandasroottoremoveit:

rmmod lp
Toverifythatthelinereferringtothelpmoduleinthe/etc/modules.confor /etc/conf.modulesfileisremovedorcommentedout,insertapoundsign(#)at thebeginningoftheline. ThenameoftheconfigurationfiledependsontheLinuxdistributionyouare using.Whenyourebootthehostafterremovingthisline,theconfigurationfileno longerstartsthelpmodule.
Toensurethatthepropermodulesfortheparallelportareloadedatboottime,add thefollowinglinetothe/etc/modules.confor/etc/conf.modulesfile:
alias parport_lowlevel parport_pc
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Configure Parallel Ports for Linux 2.6.x Kernels

The2.6.xkernelsthatsupportparallelportsusethemodprobe <modulename>and modprobe parport_pcmodules.WorkstationrequiresthattheparallelportPCstyle hardwareoption(CONFIG_PARPORT_PC)bebuiltandloadedasakernelmodule. Thatis,itmustbesettom. To configure parallel ports for Linux 2.6.x kernels 1 Todeterminewhetherthemodprobe <modulename>and modprobe parport_pc modulesareinstalledandloadedonyoursystem,runthelsmodcommandasthe rootuser. Youcanalsolookatthe/proc/modulesfileforthelist. With2.6.x,loadingparport_pcdoesnotloadallmodules. 2 Ifnoneofthelistedparallelportmodulesisloaded,usethefollowingcommand:
modprobe parport_pc && modprobe ppdev
Thiscommandinsertsthemodulesneededforaparallelport. Ifproblemspersist,thelpmodulemightbeloaded.Ifitis,thevirtualmachine cannotusetheparallelportcorrectly. 3 Ifthelpmoduleisloaded,runthefollowingcommandasroottoremoveit:

rmmod lp
Toverifythatthelinereferringtothelpmoduleinthe/etc/modules.confor /etc/conf.modulesfileisremovedorcommentedout,insertapoundsign(#)at thebeginningoftheline. ThenameoftheconfigurationfiledependsontheLinuxdistributionyouare using.Whenyourebootthehostafterremovingthisline,theconfigurationfileno longerstartsthelpmodule.
Toensurethatthepropermodulesfortheparallelportareloadedatboottime,add thefollowinglinetothe/etc/modules.confor/etc/conf.modulesfile:
alias parport_lowlevel parport_pc
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Configure Device Permissions for Parallel Ports

SomeLinuxdistributionsbydefaultdonotgrantthevirtualmachineaccesstothelp andparportdevices.YoumustaddtheVMwareusertothegroupthathaspermission toaccessthesedevices. To configure device permissions for parallel ports 1 Runthefollowingcommandtodeterminetheownerandgroupforthedevice:
ls la /dev/parport0
Thethirdandfourthcolumnsoftheoutputshowtheownerandgroup, respectively.Inmostcases,theownerofthedeviceisrootandtheassociated groupislp. 2 3 Toaddtheusertothedevicegroup,becometherootuserandopenthe /etc/groupfilewithatexteditor. Onthelinestartingwithlp,whichdefinesthelpgroup,addtheWorkstation usersusername. Thefollowinglineprovidesanexampleforauserwhoseusernameisuserj.

lp::7:daemon,lp,userj
Thenexttimetheuserlogsontothehost,thechangestakeeffect.
Using Serial Ports

AWorkstationvirtualmachinecanuseuptofourvirtualserialports.Thevirtualserial portscanbeconfiguredinseveralways: Connectavirtualserialporttoaphysicalserialportonthehostcomputer. Connectavirtualserialporttoafileonthehostcomputer. Makeadirectconnectionbetweentwovirtualmachinesorbetweenavirtual machineandanapplicationrunningonthehostcomputer. Foreachofthesechoices,youcanalsoselectwhethertoconnectthevirtualserialport whenyoupoweronthevirtualmachine.
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Add a Virtual Serial Port to a Virtual Machine

Usevirtualserialportstomakedevicessuchasmodemsavailabletovirtualmachines ortosenddebuggingdatafromavirtualmachinetothehostortoanothervirtual machine. Youcanusevirtualserialportstosenddatatothefollowing: PhysicalserialportEnablesyoutouseadevicesuchasanexternalmodemor handhelddeviceinavirtualmachine. OutputfileonthehostCapturesthedatathataprogramrunninginthevirtual machinesendstothevirtualserialport. AnapplicationonthehostEnablesyoutouseanapplicationonthehostto capturedebugginginformationsentfromthevirtualmachinesserialport. AnothervirtualmachineEnablesyoutouseanapplicationinonevirtual machine(theclient)tocapturedebugginginformationsentfromtheother (the server)virtualmachinesserialport. To add a virtual serial port to a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 6 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAdd. IntheAddHardwarewizard,selectSerialPortandclickNext. OntheSerialPortTypepage,dooneofthefollowing: Forphysicaldevicessuchasmodems,selectUsephysicalserialportonthe host,clickNext,andchoosetheportonthehostcomputerthatyouwantto useforthisserialconnection. Tocapturedatafromanapplicationinanoutputfile,selectOutputfile,click Next,andenterthepathandfilenameorbrowsetothelocationofthefileon thehost. Toconnecttoadebuggingapplicationonthehostorinanothervirtual machine,selectOutputtoNamedPipeandclickNext.
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IfyouselectedOutputtoNamedPipe,dooneofthefollowing: ForaWindowshost,ontheSpecifyNamedPipepage,specifythepipename. Thepipenamemustfollowtheform\\.\pipe\<namedpipe>.Thatis,itmust beginwith\\.\pipe\. ForaLinuxhost,inthePathfield,enter/tmp/<socket>oranotherUNIX socketname.
AlsoifyouselectedOutputtoNamedPipe,dooneofthefollowing: Tosenddebugginginformationtoanapplicationonthehost: i Inthefirstdropdownmenu,selectThisendistheserverorThisendis theclient. SelectThisendistheservertostartthisendoftheconnectionfirst. ii Intheseconddropdownmenu,selectTheotherendisanapplication.
Tosenddebugginginformationtoanothervirtualmachine: i ii 9 10 11 Inthefirstdropdownmenu,selectThisendistheserver. Intheseconddropdownmenu,selectTheotherendisavirtual machine.
MakesuretheConnectatpoweroncheckboxisselectedifdesired. ClickFinish. (Optional)OntheHardwaretabofthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,toconfigure thisserialporttousepolledmode,selectYieldCPUonpoll. Thisoptionisofinteresttodeveloperswhoareusingdebuggingtoolsthat communicateoveraserialconnection.Iftheserialportintheguestisbeingused inpolledmoderatherthaninterruptmode,youmightnoticeperformanceissues. Thisoptionforcesthevirtualmachinetoyieldprocessortimeiftheonlytaskitis tryingtodoispollthevirtualserialport.
Ifyouaresettingupaconnectionbetweentwovirtualmachines,younowhavethefirst virtualmachinesetupastheserver.Repeatthisprocedureforthesecondvirtual machine,butsetitupastheclientbyselectingThisendistheclientwhenconfiguring thenamedpipe.
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Change the Input Speed of the Serial Connection

Youcanincreasethespeedofaserialconnectionoverapipetoavirtualmachine. Beforeyoubegin,usetheguestoperatingsystemtoconfiguretheserialportforthe highestsettingsupportedbytheapplicationyouarerunninginthevirtualmachine. Inprinciple,theoutputspeed,whichisthespeedatwhichthevirtualmachinesends datathroughthevirtualserialport,isunlimited.Inpractice,theoutputspeeddepends onhowfasttheapplicationattheotherendofthepipereadsinbounddata. To change the input speed of the serial connection 1 2 PoweroffthevirtualmachineandclosetheWorkstationwindow. Useatexteditortoaddthefollowinglinetoyourvirtualmachinesconfiguration (.vmx)file:
serial<n>.pipe.charTimePercent = "<x>"
<n>isthenumberoftheserialport,startingfrom0.Thefirstserialportisserial0. The<x>valueisapositiveintegerthatspecifiesthetimetakentotransmita character,expressedasapercentageofthedefaultspeedsetfortheserialportin theguest.Forexample,asettingof200forcestheporttotaketwiceaslongforeach character,orsenddataathalfthedefaultspeed.Asettingof50forcestheportto takeonlyhalfaslongforeachcharacter,orsenddataattwicethedefaultspeed. Assumingthattheserialportspeedissetappropriatelyintheguestoperating system,experimentwiththissetting.Startwithavalueof100andgradually decreaseituntilyoufindthehighestspeedatwhichyourconnectionworks reliably.
Debugging over a Virtual Serial Port

Usingvirtualmachines,youcandebugkernelcodeononesystemwithouttheneedfor twophysicalcomputers,amodem,oraserialcable.YoucanuseDebuggingToolsfor Windows(WinDbg)orKernelDebugger(KD)todebugkernelcodeinavirtualmachine overavirtualserialport. YoucanDownloadDebuggingToolsforWindowsfromtheWindowsHardware DeveloperCentral(WHDC)Website.
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Debug an Application in a Virtual Machine from a Windows Host

Inthisconfiguration,youhavekernelcodetodebuginavirtualmachine(calledthe targetvirtualmachine)andarerunningDebuggingToolsforWindows(WinDbg)or KernelDebugger(KD)onaWindowshost. Beforeyoubegin,onthehost,makesureyouhavearecentversionofDebuggingTools forWindows,whichsupportsdebuggingoverapipe.Youneedversion 5.0.18.0orhigher. To debug an application in a virtual machine from a Windows host 1 PreparethetargetvirtualmachineasdescribedinAddaVirtualSerialPorttoa VirtualMachineonpage 319. MakesureyouselectThisendistheserverwhenconfiguringthenamedpipe. 2 3 Poweronthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>RemovableDevicesmenutomakesuretheserialportisconnected. IfSerial<n>isnotreportedas\\.\pipe\<namedpipe>,choosethevirtualserial portandclickConnect. 4 Onthehost,openacommandpromptwindowandenterthefollowingcommand:
<debugger> -k com:port=\\.\pipe\<namedpipe>,pipe <debugger> is WinDbg or KD.
PressEntertostartdebugging.
Debug an Application in a Virtual Machine from Another Virtual Machine

ThisconfigurationisusefulifyouuseWorkstationonaLinuxhost.Inthissituation, youhavekernelcodetodebuginthetargetvirtualmachineandarerunning DebuggingToolsforWindows(WinDbg)orKernelDebugger(KD)inthedebugger virtualmachineonthesamehost. Beforeyoubegin,downloadandinstallWinDbgorKDintheWindowsguestthatyou plantouseasthedebuggervirtualmachine. To debug an application from another virtual machine 1 2 3 PreparethevirtualmachinesasdescribedinAddaVirtualSerialPorttoaVirtual Machineonpage 319. Poweronbothvirtualmachines. UsetheVM>RemovableDevicesmenutomakesuretheserialportisconnected. Iftheserialportisnotconnected,choosethevirtualserialportandclickConnect. 4
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Inthedebuggervirtualmachine,startdebuggingwithWinDbgorKD.
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Configuring Keyboard Features

YoucanchangewhichkeycombinationsyouuseforhotkeysequencesinWorkstation andwhichlanguagetouseforthekeyboardthatvirtualnetworkcomputing(VNC) clientsuse.Inaddition,youcanconfigureplatformspecifickeyboardfeaturesfor WindowsandLinuxhosts.
Use the Enhanced Virtual Keyboard for Windows Hosts

Theenhancedvirtualkeyboardfeatureprovidesbetterhandlingofinternational keyboardsandkeyboardswithextrakeys.Italsoofferssecurityimprovementsbecause itprocessesrawkeyboardinputassoonaspossible,bypassingWindowskeystroke processingandanymalwarethatisnotalreadyatalowerlayer. Ifyouusetheenhancedvirtualkeyboard,whenyoupressCtrl+Alt+Delete,theguest systemonly,ratherthanbothguestandhost,actsonthecommand. Beforeyoubegin,ifyoujustinstalledorupgradedtoWorkstation6.xandhavenotyet restartedyourcomputer,doso. To use the enhanced virtual keyboard for Windows hosts 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstab,andselectGeneral. Toenableordisablethesetting,selectordeselecttheUseenhancedvirtual keyboardcheckboxandclickOK.
Hot Keys for Virtual Machines

Hotkeysletyouspecifythekeycombinationthatisusedwithhotkeysequencesforvirtual machines.Forexample,youcanrequirethatallhotkeysequencesuseCtrl+Shift+Alt. Configuringhotkeysisusefultopreventcertainkeycombinations(suchas Ctrl+Alt+Del)frombeinginterceptedbyWorkstationinsteadofbeingsenttotheguest operatingsystem.Usehotkeysequencesto: Switchbetweenvirtualmachines Enterandleavefullscreenmode Release(ungrab)input
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SendCtrl+Alt+Deltothevirtualmachineonly(nottothehostmachine) Sendcommandstothevirtualmachineonly(nottothehostmachine) Thedefaultsettingsforhotkeysarelistedinthepreferenceseditor(chooseEdit> Preferences>HotKeys).Usethepreferenceseditortochangethem.
Use Ctrl+Alt in a Key Combination

BecauseCtrl+AlttellsWorkstationtorelease(ungrab)mouseandkeyboardinput, combinationsthatincludeCtrl+Altarenotpassedtotheguestoperatingsystem.You mustusetheSpacekeyifthekeycombinationincludesCtrl+Alt. To use Ctrl+Alt in a key combination 1 2 3 PressCtrl+Alt+spacebar. ReleasethespacebarwithoutreleasingCtrlandAlt. Pressthethirdkeyofthekeycombinationyouwanttosendtotheguest.
Specify a Language Keyboard Map for VNC Clients

IfyousetavirtualmachinetoactasaVNCserver,youcanspecifywhichlanguageto useforthekeyboardthatVNCclientsuse.Bydefault,theUS101keyboardmap(U.S. English)isused. Beforeyoubegin,setthevirtualmachinetoactasaVNCserver.SeeConfigurea VirtualMachineasaVNCServeronpage 212. Also,determinethelocationofthekeymapfiletouse.Defaultkeymapfilesare includedintheWorkstationinstallationdirectory: OnWindowshosts,thisdirectoryisinC:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\vnckeymap. OnLinuxhosts,thisdirectoryisin/usr/lib/vmware/vnckeymap. Ifthekeymapfileyouwanttouseisinanotherlocation,determinethepathtothefile. Alsodeterminethelanguagecode.Usethefollowinglist: de:German de-ch:German(Switzerland) es:Spanish fi:Finnish fr:French fr-be:French(Belgium)
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fr-ch:French(Switzerland) is:Icelandic it:Italian jp:Japanses nl-be:Dutch(Belgium) no:Norwegian pt:Polish uk:UKEnglish us:USEnglish To specify a language keyboard map for VNC clients 1 Useatexteditortoopentheconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)forthevirtualmachine andaddthefollowinglines,where<port number>istheportnumbertouse: RemoteDisplay.vnc.enabled = "TRUE" RemoteDisplay.vnc.port = "<port number>" 2 Addoneofthefollowingpropertiestotheconfigurationfile,where<xx>isthe codeforthelanguagetouse,suchasjpforJapanese: TousethedefaultkeymapfileincludedintheWorkstationinstallation directory,setthefollowingproperty:
RemoteDisplay.vnc.keyMap = "<xx>"
Touseakeyboardmapfileinanotherlocation,setthefollowingpropertyto anabsolutefilepath:
RemoteDisplay.vnc.keyMapFile
YoucannowstartthevirtualmachineandconnecttoitfromaVNCclient.SeeUsea VNCClienttoConnecttoaVirtualMachineonpage 213.
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Keyboard Mapping on a Linux Host

Severalsituationsmightrequireyoutosetpropertiesinavirtualmachines configurationfile(.vmxfile)tochangethewayakeyismapped.
Configure Keyboard Mapping for a Remote X Server

SometimesthekeyboardworkscorrectlywithalocalXserverbutnotwhenyourunthe samevirtualmachinewitharemoteXserver.Youneedtosetadditionalpropertiesin theconfiguration(.vmx)file. Beforeyoubegin,verifythattheremoteXserverisanXFree86serverrunningonaPC. IfthekeyboarddoesnotworkcorrectlyonanXFree86serverrunninglocally,reportthe problemtoVMwaretechnicalsupport. ForlocalXservers,WorkstationmapsXkeycodestoPCscancodestocorrectlyidentify akey.WorkstationusesthiskeycodemaponlyforlocalXserversbecauseitcannottell whetheraremoteXserverisrunningonaPCoronsomeotherkindofcomputer.In thiscase,youcansetapropertytotellWorkstationtousekeycodemapping.Fora descriptionofkeycodemapping,seeXKeyCodesComparedtoKeysymson page 327. To configure keyboard mapping for a remote X server 1 2 PoweroffthevirtualmachineandclosetheWorkstationwindow. Onthemachinethathoststhevirtualmachine,addoneofthefollowinglinestothe virtualmachineconfiguration(.vmx)fileorto~/.vmware/config: IfyouuseanXFree86basedserverthatWorkstationdoesnotrecognizeasan XFree86server,usethefollowingproperty:
xkeymap.usekeycodeMap = "TRUE"
ThispropertytellsWorkstationtoalwaysusekeycodemappingregardlessof servertype. IfWorkstationdoesrecognizetheremoteserverasanXFree86server,usethe followingproperty:

xkeymap.usekeycodeMapIfXFree86 = "TRUE"
ThispropertytellsWorkstationtousekeycodemappingifyouareusingan XFree86server,evenifitisremote. 3 Saveandclosethefile.
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Change How a Specific Key Is Mapped

Ifsomekeysonthekeyboarddonotworkcorrectlyinavirtualmachine,youcanseta propertythatmakesamodificationtothemap. Beforeyoubegin,performthefollowingtasks: VerifythattheXserverisanXFree86serverrunningonaPC.IftheXserveris remote,configureittousekeycodemapping.SeeConfigureKeyboardMapping foraRemoteXServeronpage 326.Foradescriptionofkeycodemapping,seeX KeyCodesComparedtoKeysymsonpage 327. DeterminetheXkeycodeandthecorrespondingvscancodeforthekey.Tofind theXkeycodeforakey,runxevorxmodmap -pk.Mostvscancodesarelistedin VScanCodeTableonpage 330. To change how a specific key is mapped 1 2 PoweroffthevirtualmachineandclosetheWorkstationwindow. Onthemachinethathoststhevirtualmachine,addthefollowinglinetothevirtual machineconfiguration(.vmx)fileorto~/.vmware/config:
xkeymap.keycode.<code> = "<v-scan_code>"
The<code>valuemustbeadecimalnumberand<v-scan_code>mustbea Csyntaxhexadecimalnumber(forexample,0x001). Forexample,toswapleftCtrlandCapsLock,usethefollowinglines:

xkeymap.keycode.64 = "0x01d # X Caps_Lock -> VM left ctrl" xkeymap.keycode.37 = "0x03a # X Control_L -> VM caps lock"
X Key Codes Compared to Keysyms

PressingakeyonthePCkeyboardgeneratesaPCscancodebasedroughlyonthe positionofthekey.Forexample,theZkeyonaGermankeyboardgeneratesthesame codeastheYkeyonanEnglishkeyboardbecausetheyareinthesamepositiononthe keyboard.Mostkeyshaveonebytescancodes,butsomekeyshavetwobytescan codeswithprefix0xe0. Internally,WorkstationusesasimplifiedversionofthePCscancodethatisasingle ninebitnumericvalue,calledavscancode.Avscancodeiswrittenasathreedigit hexadecimalnumber.Thefirstdigitis0or1.Forexample,theCtrlkeyontheleftside ofthekeyboardhasaonebytescancode(0x1d).Itsvscancodeis0x01d.TheCtrlkey scancodeontherightsideofthekeyboardistwobytes(0xe0,0x1d).Itsvscancodeis 0x11d.
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AnXFree86serveronaPChasaonetoonemappingfromXkeycodestoPCscan codes,orvscancodes,whichiswhatWorkstationuses.WhenWorkstationishostedon anXFree86serverandrunsalocalvirtualmachine,itusesthebuiltinmappingfromX keycodestovscancodes.Thismappingiskeyboardindependentandshouldbe correctformostlanguages.Inothercases(notanXFree86serverornotalocalserver), Workstationmustmapkeysymstovscancodesbyusingasetofkeyboardspecific tables. AnXserverusesatwolevelencodingofkeys,whichincludestheXkeycodeandthe keysym.AnXkeycodeisaonebytevalue.Theassignmentofkeycodestokeys dependsontheXserverimplementationandthephysicalkeyboard.Asaresult,anX applicationnormallycannotusekeycodesdirectly.Instead,thekeycodesaremapped intokeysymsthathavenameslikespace,escape,xand2.YoucanuseanXapplication tocontrolthemappingbyusingthefunctionXChangeKeyboardMapping()orbythe programxmodmap.Toexplorekeyboardmappings,youcanusethexevcommand, whichshowsthekeycodesandkeysymsforkeystypedintoitswindow. Akeycodecorrespondsroughlytoaphysicalkey,whereasakeysymcorrespondsto thesymbolonthekeytop.Forexample,withanXFree86serverrunningonaPC,theZ keyontheGermankeyboardhasthesamekeycodeastheYkeyonanEnglish keyboard.TheGermanZkeysym,however,isthesameastheEnglishZkeysym,and differentfromtheEnglishYkeysym.
Configure How Keysyms Are Mapped

Whenkeycodemappingcannotbeusedorisdisabled,Workstationmapskeysymsto vscancodes.Ifalanguagespecifickeyboarddoesnotappeartobesupportedby Workstation,youmightneedtosetapropertythattellsWorkstationwhichkeysym tabletouse. Beforeyoubegin,performthefollowingtasks: Tochangethemappingofafewkeys,determinethekeysymnameforeachkey thatisnotmappedcorrectly. Theeasiestwaytofindthekeysymnameforakeyistorunthexevorxmodmap -pkcommands.TheXheaderfile/usr/include/X11/keysymdef.hhasa completelistofkeysyms.ThenameofakeysymisthesameasitsCconstant withouttheXK_prefix.
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Touseadifferentkeysymtable,determinewhichmappingtabletouse. ThetablesarelocatedinthexkeymapdirectoryintheWorkstationinstallation directory(usually/usr/lib/vmware).Thetableyoumustusedependsonthe keyboardlayout.ThenormaldistributionincludestablesforPCkeyboardsforthe UnitedStatesandanumberofEuropeancountriesandlanguages.Formostof these,boththe101key(or102key)andthe104key(or105key)variantsare available. Ifnoneofthemappingtablesiscompletelycorrect,findonethatworksbest,copy ittoanewlocation,andchangetheindividualkeysymmappings. WorkstationdetermineswhichtabletousebyexaminingthecurrentXkeymap. However,itsdecisionmakingprocesscansometimesfail.Inaddition,eachmappingis fixedandmightnotbecompletelycorrectforanygivenkeyboardandXkey codetokeysymmapping.Forexample,ausermighthaveswappedCtrlandCaps Lockusingxmodmap.Thismeansthekeysareswappedinthevirtualmachinewhen usingaremoteserver(keysymmapping)butareunswappedwhenusingalocalserver (keycodemapping).Tocorrectthissituation,useconfigurationsettings. To configure how keysyms are mapped 1 2 PoweroffthevirtualmachineandclosetheWorkstationwindow. Onthemachinethathoststhevirtualmachine,addoneormoreofthefollowing linestothevirtualmachineconfiguration(.vmx)fileorto~/.vmware/config: TodisableXkeycodemappingtomapkeysymsratherthankeycodesto vscancodes,setthefollowingproperty:
xkeymap.nokeycodeMap = "TRUE"
Formoreinformation,seeXKeyCodesComparedtoKeysymsonpage 327. IfWorkstationhasatableinthexkeymapdirectoryforyourkeyboardbut cannotdetectit,setthefollowingproperty:

xkeymap.language = "<keyboard_type>"
Thevalue<keyboard_type>mustspecifyoneofthetablesinthexkeymap directory.However,thefailuretodetectthekeyboardprobablymeansthe tableisnotcompletelycorrectforyou.Youmightneedtocreateamodified tableandusethexkeymap.fileNameproperty,describednext.
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Touseadifferentkeysymmappingtablethatisnotinthexkeymapdirectory, setthefollowingproperty,where<file_path>isthepathtothetable:
xkeymap.fileName = "<file_path>"
Thetablemustlistakeysymforeachkeybyusingthefollowingform:
<sym> = "<v-scan_code>"
The <sym>valueisanXkeysymname,and<v-scan_code>isaCsyntax hexadecimalnumber(forexample,0x001).Useanewlineforeachkeysym. Compilingacompletekeysymmappingisdifficult.VMwarerecommends editinganexistingtableandmakingsmallchanges. Tochangethekeysymmappingofafewkeys,setthefollowingpropertyfor eachkey,onseparatelines:

xkeymap.keysym.<sym> = "<v-scan_code>"
Thevalue<sym>mustbeanXkeysymnameand<v-scan_code>isa Csyntaxhexadecimalnumber(forexample,0x001). MostvscancodesarelistedinVScanCodeTableonpage 330.The xkeymaptablesthemselvesarealsohelpful. 3 Saveandclosethefile.
V-Scan Code Table

Table 161showsthevscancodesforthe104keyU.S.keyboard. Table 16-1. V-Scan Codes for the 104-Key U.S. Keyboard
Symbol Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( Shifted Symbol Location V-Scan Code 0x001 0x002 0x003 0x004 0x005 0x006 0x007 0x008 0x009 0x00a
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Table 16-1. V-Scan Codes for the 104-Key U.S. Keyboard (Continued)
Symbol 0 = Backspace Tab Q W E R T Y U I O P [ ] Enter Ctrl A S D F G H J K L ; left { } Shifted Symbol ) _ + Location V-Scan Code 0x00b 0x00c 0x00d 0x00e 0x00f 0x010 0x011 0x012 0x013 0x014 0x015 0x016 0x017 0x018 0x019 0x01a 0x01b 0x01c 0x01d 0x01e 0x01f 0x020 0x021 0x022 0x023 0x024 0x025 0x026 0x027
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Symbol ` Shift \ Z X C V B N M , . / Shift * Alt Spacebar CapsLock F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 < > ? right numericpad left | left Shifted Symbol Location V-Scan Code 0x028 0x029 0x02a 0x02b 0x02c 0x02d 0x02e 0x02f 0x030 0x031 0x032 0x033 0x034 0x035 0x036 0x037 0x038 0x039 0x03a 0x03b 0x03c 0x03d 0x03e 0x03f 0x040 0x041 0x042 0x043 0x044
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Symbol NumLock ScrollLock Home Uparrow PgUp Leftarrow 5 Rightarrow + End Downarrow PgDn Ins Del F11 F12 Break Enter Ctrl / SysRq Alt Home Uparrow PageUp Leftarrow Rightarrow End PrintScrn right functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad Pause numericpad right numericpad 1 2 3 0 6 4 7 8 9 numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad Shifted Symbol Location numericpad V-Scan Code 0x045 0x046 0x047 0x048 0x049 0x04a 0x04b 0x04c 0x04d 0x04e 0x04f 0x050 0x051 0x052 0x053 0x057 0x058 0x100 0x11c 0x11d 0x135 0x137 0x138 0x147 0x148 0x149 0x14b 0x14d 0x14f
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Symbol Downarrow PageDown Insert Delete Windows Windows Menu Shifted Symbol Location functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad left right V-Scan Code 0x150 0x151 0x152 0x153 0x15b 0x15c 0x15d
The84keykeyboardhasaSysReqkeyonthenumericpad.Itsvscancodeis0x054. KeyboardsoutsidetheU.S.usuallyhaveanextrakey(often<>or<>|)nexttotheleft Shiftkey.Thevscancodeforthiskeyis0x056.
Using USB Devices in a Virtual Machine

WorkstationprovidesatwoportUSBcontroller,sothatyoucanconnecttoUSB 1.1and USB2.0devices: ForUSB1.1,aUHCIcontrollerwithavirtualhubenablesyoutoconnecttomore thantwoUSB1.1devices. ForUSB2.0,anEHCIcontrollerenablesyoutoconnecttouptosixUSB2.0devices. ForUSB2.0support,yourhostmustsupportUSB2.0,andyoumustenable USB 2.0supportinWorkstation.USB2.0devicesincludehighspeedor isochronousdevicessuchaswebcams,speakers,andmicrophones. USB2.0supportisavailableonlyforWorkstation6andhighervirtualmachines. Onthehost,whenaUSB2.0deviceconnectstoaport,thedeviceconnectstotheEHCI controllerandoperatesinUSB2.0mode.AUSB1.1deviceisautomaticallyconnected toaUHCIcontrollerandoperatesinUSB1.1mode.InWorkstation6andhighervirtual machines,thisbehaviorissimulatedifyouenabledit.SeeEnabletheUSB2.0 ControllerforaVirtualMachineonpage 335. AlthoughyourhostoperatingsystemmustsupportUSB,youdonotneedtoinstall devicespecificdriversforUSBdevicesinthehostoperatingsystemtousethose devicesonlyinthevirtualmachine.WindowsNTandLinuxkernelsearlierthan2.2.17 donotsupportUSB.
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VMwarehastestedavarietyofUSBdeviceswithWorkstation6.5.Iftheguestoperating systemhasappropriatedrivers,youcanusePDAs,printers,storage(disk)devices, scanners,MP3players,digitalcameras,andmemorycardreaders. USBhumaninterfacedevices,suchasthekeyboardandmouse,canbehandledthough thevirtualmachinesUSBcontroller.IfyoudonotselecttheoptiontoshowallUSB inputdevicesasremovabledevices,theyappearinthevirtualmachineasastandard PS/2keyboardandmouse,eventhoughtheyarepluggedintoUSBportsonthehost.
Enable the USB 2.0 Controller for a Virtual Machine

ThevirtualmachinesUSBportsareenabledbydefault,althoughsupportfor highspeedUSB2.0devicesisnotenabledbydefault.Modemsandcertainstreaming datadevices,suchasspeakersandwebcams,donotworkproperlyunlessyouenable USB2.0support. Beforeyoubegin,performoneofthefollowingtasksthatapplytoyourconfiguration: VerifythatthevirtualmachineisaWorkstation6orhighervirtualmachine. OnWindowsXPguests,verifythatthelatestservicepackisinstalledtouse USB 2.0. IfyouuseWindowsXPwithnoservicepacks,thedriverfortheEHCIcontroller cannotbeloaded. OnaWindows2000hostwithUSB2.0support,usetheMicrosoftUSB2.0driver fortheUSBcontroller. ThirdpartyUSB2.0drivers,suchasthosethatsomemotherboardmanufacturers provide,arenotsupported.SeeReplaceUSB2.0DriversonaWindows2000 Hostonpage 339. IfyoudonotplantouseUSBdevicesinavirtualmachine,youcanusethevirtual machinesettingseditortodisableUSB2.0support. To enable the USB 2.0 Controller for a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectUSBController. SelecttheEnablehighspeedsupportforUSB2.0devicescheckboxandclick OK.
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Add a USB Controller to a Virtual Machine

Bydefault,aUSBcontrollerisincludedwhenyoucreateavirtualmachine.Ifyou removetheUSBcontroller,youcanadditback. Thiscontrollerisrequiredtouseasmartcardinavirtualmachineregardlessof whetherthesmartcardreaderisaUSBdevice. To add a USB controller to a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAddtostarttheAddHardwarewizard. OntheHardwareTypepage,selectUSBControllerandclickNext. OntheUSBpage,clickFinish. Inthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,clickOK.
YoucannowstartthevirtualmachineandautomaticallyormanuallyconnectUSB devicesandsmartcardreaders.
Connecting USB Devices

Whenavirtualmachineisrunning,itswindowistheactivewindow.IfyouplugaUSB deviceintothehost,bydefault,thedeviceconnectstothevirtualmachineinsteadof thehost. IfyoumanuallyconnectaUSBdevicetoavirtualmachine(chooseVM>Removable Devices),Workstationretainsthevirtualmachinesconnectiontotheaffectedporton thehost.Youcansuspendorpoweroffthevirtualmachine,orunplugthedevice.When youplugthedevicebackinorresumethevirtualmachine,Workstationreconnectsthe device.Workstationretainstheconnectionbywritinganautoconnectentrytothe virtualmachinesconfiguration(.vmx)file. IfWorkstationcannotreconnecttothedevice(forexample,becauseyoudisconnectthe device),thedeviceisremovedandamessageisdisplayed,indicatingthatWorkstation cannotconnecttothedevice.Youcanconnectmanuallytothedeviceifitisstill available.
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Enable or Disable Automatic Connection of USB Devices

YoucandisabletheautoconnectfeatureifyoudonotwantUSBdevicesto automaticallyconnecttothevirtualmachinewhenyoupoweriton. To enable or disable automatic connection of USB devices 1 Selectthevirtualmachine. Thevirtualmachinecanbepoweredonoroffunlessyouplantochangethesetting forconnectingtoUSBmouseandkeyboarddevices.Inthiscase,thevirtual machinemustbepoweredoff. 2 3 4 ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectUSBController. Toconnecttohumaninterfacedevices(HIDs),suchasUSB1.1and2.0mouseand keyboarddevices,selecttheShowallUSBinputdevicescheckbox. AnHIDthatisconnectedtotheguestisnotavailabletothehost. 5 SelectordeselecttheAutomaticallyconnectnewUSBdevicestothisvirtual machinewhenithasfocuscheckboxtoenableordisablethesettingandclick OK.
Connect a USB Device Manually

Ifadevicethatisconnectedtothehostdoesnotautomaticallyconnecttoavirtual machineatpoweron,youcanconnectthedevicemanually. Beforeyoubegin,forUSBmouse,keyboard,andotherinputdevices,youmustenable showingthesedevices.SeeEnableorDisableAutomaticConnectionofUSBDevices onpage 337. Also,whenyouareusingavirtualmachine,ifyouplugadeviceintothehost,the autoconnectfeatureusuallyconnectsthedevicetothevirtualmachine.Ifthisaction doesnotoccur,youcanconnectthedevicemanually.
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To connect a USB device manually 1 2 3 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredon. ChooseVM>RemovableDevices><device_name>. Here<device_name>specifiestheUSBdevicethatispluggedintothehost. A checkmarkappearsnexttothedevicesname,indicatingthatitisconnected. IfthephysicalUSBdevicesareconnectedtothehostthroughahub,thevirtual machineseesonlytheUSBdevices,notthehub.
USB Driver Installation on a Windows Host

WhenaparticularUSBdeviceisconnectedtoavirtualmachineforthefirsttime,the hostdetectsitasanewdevicenamedVMwareUSBDeviceandinstallstheappropriate VMwaredriver. OnWindowsXPandWindowsServer2003hosts,theMicrosoftWindowsFoundNew Hardwarewizardpromptsyoutorunit.Selectthedefaultaction,Installthesoftware automatically.Afterthesoftwareisinstalled,theguestoperatingsystemdetectsthe USBdeviceandsearchesforasuitabledriver.
Synchronize a PDA to Install a PDA Driver

WhenyousynchronizeaPDA,suchasaPalmhandheldorHandspringVisor,toa virtualmachineforthefirsttime,thetotaltimerequiredtoloadtheVMwareUSB devicedriverinthehostandthePDAdriverintheguestmightexceedthedevices connectiontimeoutvalue.Thiscausesthedevicetodisconnectitselffromthecomputer beforetheguestcansynchronizewithit. To synchronize a PDA to install a PDA driver 1 2 3 4 5 ConnecttheUSBdevicetothecomputerthathoststhevirtualmachine. SynchronizethePDAwiththehost. LettheguestfinishinstallingthePDAdriver. Dismissanyconnectionerrorwarnings. SynchronizethePDAagain. Thissecondattemptusuallysucceeds.
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Replace USB 2.0 Drivers on a Windows 2000 Host

TouseWorkstationonaWindows2000hostthathasUSB2.0ports,youmustusethe MicrosoftUSB2.0driversfortheUSBcontrollerinthehostoperatingsystem.Ifyour hostoperatingsystemisusingathirdpartydriver,adriversuppliedbyyour motherboardvendor,forexample,youmustreplaceit. To replace USB 2.0 drivers on a Windows 2000 host 1 TodeterminetheprovideroftheUSBdriver,opentheDeviceManager,asfollows: a b 2 3 4 RightclickMyComputerandchooseProperties. ClicktheHardwaretabandclickDeviceManager.
ExpandthelistingforUniversalSerialBuscontrollers. RightclickthelistingforthecontrollerandchooseProperties. ClicktheDrivertab. IfthedriverprovidershownonthetabisMicrosoft,youhavethecorrectdriver anddonotneedtoreplaceit.
IfthedriverproviderisnotMicrosoft,downloadandinstallthelatestUSBdriver foryourhostoperatingsystemfromtheMicrosoftWebsite. DetailsareavailableinMicrosoftknowledgebasearticle319973.
Access and Use a USB Device on a Linux Host

OnLinuxhosts,WorkstationusestheUSBdevicefilesystemtoconnecttoUSBdevices. IftheUSBdevicefilesystemisnotlocatedin/proc/bus/usb,youmustmounttheUSB filesystemtothatlocation. Beforeyoubegin,addaUSBcontrollertothevirtualmachineifthevirtualmachine doesnothaveone.SeeAddaUSBControllertoaVirtualMachineonpage 336. DonotattempttoaddaUSBdrivesdevicenodedirectory(forexample,/dev/sda)to thevirtualmachineasaharddisk. To access and use a USB device on a Linux host 1 Runthefollowingcommandasroot:
mount -t usbfs none /proc/bus/usb
ConnecttheUSBdevicetothehostandbeginusingit.
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How Device Control Is Shared Between Host and Guest

OnlythehostortheguestcanhavecontrolofaUSBdeviceatanyonetime.Device controloperatesdifferently,dependingonwhetherthehostisaLinuxoraWindows computer.
Device Control on a Windows Host

Whenyouconnectadevicetoavirtualmachine,itisdisconnectedfromthehostor fromthevirtualmachinethatpreviouslyhadcontrolofthedevice.Whenyou disconnectadevicefromavirtualmachine,itispluggedintothehost. Undersomecircumstances,ifaUSBstoragedeviceisinuseonthehost(forexample, oneormorefilesstoredonthedeviceareopenonthehost),anerrorappearsinthe virtualmachinewhenyoutrytoconnecttothedevice.Youmustletthehostcomplete itsoperationorcloseanyapplicationconnectedtothedeviceonthehost,andconnect tothedeviceinthevirtualmachineagain. OnWindows2000,WindowsXP,andWindowsServer2003hosts,whenyouconnecta USBnetworkorstoragedevicetoavirtualmachine,amessagemightappearonthe hostthatsaysthedevicecanberemovedsafely.Thisisnormalbehavior,andyoucan dismissthedialogbox.However,donotremovethedevicefromyourphysical computer. Ifthenetworkorstoragedevicedoesnotdisconnectfromthehost,usetheappropriate systemtrayicontodisconnectit.OnWindows2000,theiconiscalledEjectHardware. OnWindowsXPandWindowsServer2003,itiscalledSafelyRemoveHardware.
Troubleshoot Device Control Issues on a Linux Host

OnLinuxhosts,guestoperatingsystemscanusedevicesthatarenotalreadyinuseby thehostthatis,devicesthatarenotclaimedbyahostoperatingsystemdriver. IfthedeviceisinusebythehostandyoutrytochooseVM>RemovableDevicesto connectittotheguest,adialogboxappears,askingwhetheryouwanttodisconnectthe driveronthehost.Occasionally,disconnectingthedevicefails. Arelatedissuesometimesaffectsdevicesthatrelyonautomaticconnection(asPDAs oftendo).Occasionally,evenifyousuccessfullyusedautoconnectiontoconnectthe devicetothevirtualmachine,youmightexperienceproblemswiththeconnectionto thedevice.
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To troubleshoot device control issues on a Linux host 1 2 3 Ifyouhaveproblemswithautomaticconnections,chooseVM>Removable Devicestodisconnectthedeviceandreconnectit. Iftheproblempersists,unplugthedevicephysicallyandplugitinagain. Ifawarningappearsthatthedeviceisinuse,disablethedeviceinthehotplug configurationfilesinthe/etc/hotplugdirectory. Fordetailsoneditingtheseconfigurationfiles,seeyourLinuxdistributions documentation. 4 Ifadisconnectionfails,dooneofthefollowing: Ifthedriverwasautomaticallyloadedbyhotplug,disableitinthehotplug configurationfilesinthe/etc/hotplugdirectory. Fordetailsoneditingtheseconfigurationfiles,seeyourLinuxdistributions documentation. Tounloadthedevicedrivermanually,becomeroot(su -)andusethermmod command.
Disconnecting USB Devices from a Virtual Machine

BeforeyouunplugaUSBdeviceorchooseVM>RemovableDevicestodisconnectit fromavirtualmachine,besureitisinasafestate. Followtheproceduresthedevicemanufacturerspecifiesforunpluggingthedevice fromaphysicalcomputer.Thisistruewhetheryouarephysicallyunpluggingit, movingitfromhosttovirtualmachine,movingitbetweenvirtualmachines,ormoving itfromvirtualmachinetohost. Thisisimportantwithdatastoragedevices(aZipdrive,forexample).Ifyoumovea datastoragedevicetoosoonaftersavingafileandtheoperatingsystemdidnot actuallywritethedatatothedisk,youcanlosedata.
Use Smart Cards with Virtual Machines

Asmartcardisaplasticcardaboutthesizeofacreditcardbutembeddedwitha computerchip.Manygovernmentagenciesandlargeenterprisesusesmartcardsto authenticateuserswhoaccesstheircomputernetworks.Usersplugasmartcardreader intotheircomputerandinserttheirsmartcardinthereader.Theyarethenprompted forcredentialstologon. NOTEThisfeatureissupportedexperimentallyinthisreleaseofWorkstation6.5.
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ThevirtualmachineconsiderssmartcardreaderstobeatypeofUSBdevice.Youcan chooseVM>RemovableDevicestoaccessthem.Virtualmachinescanconnectto smartcardreadersthatinterfacetoserialports,parallelports,USBports,PCMCIA slots,andPCIslots. Asmartcardcanbesharedbetweenvirtualmachinesorbetweenthehostandoneor morevirtualmachines.Sharingisenabledbydefault.Todisablesharing,seeDisable SmartCardSharingonpage 343. Touseahostssmartcardreaderinavirtualmachine,makesurethefollowing prerequisitesaresatisfied: OnWindowshosts,starttheservicecalledSCardSvr.exeifitisnotalready running. OnLinuxhosts,makesurethelibpcsclitelibraryisinstalled.MostrecentLinux distributionsincludethislibrary.Alsomakesurethepcscddaemonisrunning. MakesurethevirtualmachinehasaUSBcontroller. AUSBcontrollerisrequiredregardlessofwhetherthesmartcardreaderitselfisa USBdevice.Bydefault,USBcontrollersareincludedwhenyoucreateavirtual machine.IfyouremovedtheUSBcontroller,youmustadditback.SeeAddaUSB ControllertoaVirtualMachineonpage 336. To use smart cards with virtual machines 1 2 3 Connectthesmartcardreadertothehostmachine. Startthevirtualmachine. Toconnectthesmartcardreadertoavirtualmachine,chooseVM>Removable Devices>Virtual<smart_card_reader_model>. IfthesmartcardreaderisaUSBsmartcardreader,twoitemsappearforitinthe RemovableDevicesmenu.Bothitemsusethemodelnameofthereader,butone itemnamebeginswithVirtual.Alwaysselectthevirtualsmartcarditem.Iffor somereasonthatitemdoesnotworkcorrectly,selecttheotheritem. OnLinuxhosts,ifyouselectthewrongitemandthenwanttoselecttheVirtual smartcarditem,seeSwitchtoUsingtheVirtualSmartCardReaderonLinux Hostsonpage 343.
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Switch to Using the Virtual Smart Card Reader on Linux Hosts

BecauseofthewaysmartcardreaderfunctionalityisimplementedonLinuxhosts,you mustexitWorkstationandrestartthepcscddaemononthehostbeforeswitchingfrom thenonvirtualsmartcardreadertothevirtualsmartcardreader. To switch to using the virtual smart card reader on Linux hosts 1 2 3 4 5 6 Todisconnectfromthenonvirtualsmartcardreader,usetheRemovableDevices menuandselectDisconnect. PoweroffthevirtualmachineandexitWorkstation. Physicallydisconnectthesmartcardreaderfromthehost. Restartthepcscddaemononthehost. Physicallyconnectthesmartcardreadertothehost. StartWorkstation,poweronthevirtualmachine,andconnecttothevirtualsmart cardreader. SeeUseSmartCardswithVirtualMachinesonpage 341.
Disable Smart Card Sharing

Bydefault,youcanshareasmartcardbetweenvirtualmachinesorbetweenthehost andoneormorevirtualmachines.Forsecurityreasons,orifyouencounterproblems whenattemptingtoshareasmartcard,youmightwanttodisablesmartcardsharing. Thesettingthatcontrolssmartcardsharingislocatedintheglobalconfigurationfile. Theglobalconfigurationfileiscreatedwhenyouchangeanyofthedefaultsettingsin theWorkstationpreferenceseditor(Edit>Preferences).Thefilelocationdependson thehostoperatingsystem: OnmostWindowshosts:
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\VMware Workstation\config.ini
OnWindowsVistahosts:
C:\Users\All Users\VMware\VMware Workstation\config.ini
OnLinuxhosts:
/etc/vmware/config
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To disable smart card sharing 1 2 Iftheconfig.inifiledoesnotyetexistonyourhostcomputer,chooseEdit> Preferencesandchangeatleastoneofthesettingsinthepreferenceeditor. Opentheconfig.inifilewithatexteditorandaddthefollowingline:

usb.ccid.useSharedMode = "FALSE"
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Saveandclosethefile. Setpermissionsonthisfilesothatotheruserscannotchangeit.
Support for Generic SCSI Devices

GenericSCSIgivestheguestoperatingsystemdirectaccesstoSCSIdevicesconnected tothehost,suchasscanners,tapedrives,andotherdatastoragedevices.UsingtheSCSI genericdriver,WorkstationallowsavirtualmachinetorunanySCSIdevicethatis supportedbytheguestoperatingsystem. Intheory,genericSCSIiscompletelydeviceindependent,butVMwarehasdiscovered itissensitivetotheguestoperatingsystem,deviceclass,andspecificSCSIhardware. TryanySCSIhardwareandreportproblemstoVMwaretechnicalsupport. OnWindowshosts,toaccesshostSCSIdevicesfromwithinavirtualmachine,you mustrunWorkstationasauserwithadministratoraccess. OnLinuxhosts,youmusthavereadandwritepermissionsonagivengenericSCSI devicetousethedevicewithinavirtualmachine,evenifthedeviceisareadonly devicesuchasaCDROMdrive.Thesedevicestypicallydefaulttorootonly permissions.Youradministratorcancreateagroupwithaccesstoreadandwriteto thesedevicesandaddtheappropriateuserstothatgroup.
Installing Required Adapters or Drivers for Some Windows Guests

OnolderWindowsguestoperatingsystems,youmightneedtoinstallspecialhostbus adapters.TouseaSCSIdevicewith32bitWindowsXPguests,youmustinstalla specialdriverthatVMwareprovides.
Installing a SCSI Adapter on Windows 9.x and Me Guests

IfyouusegenericSCSIdevicesinaWindows95,Windows98,orWindowsMeguest operatingsystemandareexperiencingproblemswiththedevices,downloadthelatest Mylex(BusLogic)BT/KT958compatiblehostbusadapterfromLSIWebsite.Toinstall thedriver,followtheinstructionsontheWebsite.
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ThisdriveroverrideswhatWindowschoosesasthebestdriver,butitcorrectsknown problems.
Installing a SCSI Driver for 32-Bit Windows XP Guests

TouseSCSIdevicesina32bitWindowsXPvirtualmachine,youneedaspecialSCSI driveravailablefromtheDownloadspageoftheVMwareWebsite.Toinstallthedriver, followtheinstructionsontheWebsite.
Install the BusLogic Driver in a Windows NT 4.0 Guest

GenericSCSIdevicesusethevirtualMylex(BusLogic)BT/KT958compatiblehostbus adapterprovidedbythevirtualmachine.OnWindowsNT4.0,youmightneedto installthedrivermanuallyifitisnotalreadyinstalledforavirtualSCSIdisk.Doso beforeyouaddagenericSCSIdevice. Beforeyoubegin,haveyourWindowsNTinstallationCDavailable. To install the BusLogic driver in a Windows NT 4.0 guest 1 2 3 4 5 6 ToopentheSCSIAdapterscontrolpanel,chooseStart>Settings>ControlPanel >SCSIAdapters. OntheDriverstab,clickAdd. Inthelistofvendorsontheleft,selectBusLogic. Inthelistofdriversontheright,selectBusLogicMultiMasterPCISCSIHost AdaptersandclickOK. InserttheWindowsNTCDwhenyouarepromptedandclickOK. Rebootwhenyouareprompted.
Avoiding Concurrent Access on Linux Hosts

TheSCSIgenericdriversetsupamappingforeachSCSIdevicein/dev.Eachentry startswithsg(fortheSCSIgenericdriver)followedbyanumber.Forexample, /dev/sg0isthefirstgenericSCSIdevice.EachentrycorrespondstoaSCSIdevicein theorderspecifiedin/proc/scsi/scsi,fromthelowestdeviceIDonthelowest adaptertothehighestdeviceIDonthelowestadapter,andsoontothehighestdevice IDonthehighestadapter.
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SomeLinuxdevicessuchastapedrives,diskdrives,andCDROMdrivesalreadyhave adesignated/deventry(st,sd,andsr,respectively).WhentheSCSIgenericdriveris installed,Linuxidentifiesthesedeviceswithcorrespondingsgentriesin/devin additiontotheirtraditionalentries.Workstationensuresthatmultipleprogramsare notusingthesame/dev/sgentryatthesametimebutcannotalwaysensurethat multipleprogramsarenotusingthe/dev/sgentryandthetraditional/deventryat thesametime.WhenyouspecifywhichSCSIdevicetouseinavirtualmachine,donot specify/dev/st0or/dev/sr0. CAUTIONDonotattempttousethesamegenericSCSIdeviceinbothhostandguest. Thiscancauseunexpectedbehaviorandmightcauselossorcorruptionofdata.
Add a Generic SCSI Device to a Virtual Machine

TomapvirtualSCSIdevicesonavirtualmachinetophysicalgenericSCSIdeviceson thehost,youmustaddagenericSCSIdevicetothevirtualmachine. Beforeyoubegin,makesureyouhavethefollowingrequiredpermissions: OnWindowshosts,toaccesshostSCSIdevicesasgenericSCSIdevices,youmust runWorkstationasauserwithadministratoraccess. OnLinuxhosts,genericSCSIrequiresversion2.1.36orhigheroftheSCSIGeneric (sg.o)driver,whichcomeswithkernel2.2.14andhigher.Also,youmustbe loggedonasauserwhohaspermissionstousethedevice(thatis,readandwrite permissions). To add a generic SCSI device to a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAddtostarttheAddHardwarewizard. OntheHardwareTypepage,selectGenericSCSIDeviceandclickNext. OntheChooseSCSIDevicepage,fromthedropdownmenuofSCSIdevices, selectthephysicaldevicetomap. Ifyoudonotseethedeviceyouwantinthelist,seeTroubleshootProblems DetectingGenericSCSIDevicesonpage 347. OnLinuxhosts,ifyoutypeinthepathtotheSCSIdevice,donotenter/dev/st0 or/dev/sr0.
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SelecttheConnectatpoweroncheckboxtoconfigureautomaticconnection behaviorandclickFinish. OntheHardwaretab,intheVirtualdevicenodesection,selecttheSCSIdevice identifiertouseforthedriveandclickOK. Forexample,ifyouselectSCSI0:2,theguestoperatingsystemseesthedriveas ID 2oncontroller0.
Troubleshoot Problems Detecting Generic SCSI Devices

WhenyouusethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddagenericSCSIdevicetoa virtualmachine,occasionallythedevicedoesnotappearinthelistofavailableSCSI devices. Beforeyoubegintroubleshootingthisproblem,youmightneedtoknowthefollowing: TheSCSIbusnumberthatthedeviceusesonthehostsystem.TheSCSIbusis assignedanumberbythehostoperatingsystemafterallIDEbusesareassigned numbers.Forexample,ifyouhavetwoIDEbuses,theyarenumbered0and1.The firstSCSIbusisassignedbusnumber2. IfyoucannotdeterminetheSCSIbusnumber,tryusingathirdpartytoolsuchas winobjtodeterminethisinformation.Youcandownloadwinobjforfreefromthe WindowsSysinternalsWebsite. ThetargetIDthedeviceusesinthevirtualmachineandonthehost.ThisIDis usuallysetbysomejumpersorswitchesonthedevice.TodeterminethetargetID, seetheownersmanualforthedevice. TherootcausesorreasonsWorkstationcannotdetectadeviceincludethefollowing: Adriverforthatdeviceisnotinstalledonthehost. Adriveronthehostpreventsthedevicefrombeingdetected. Thevirtualmachineusesadeviceforwhichtherearenodriversavailabletothe hostoperatingsystem.Inthiscase,addthedevicemanuallytothevirtual machinesconfiguration(.vmx)file.Addingadeviceinthismanneris recommendedforadvancedusersonly.
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To troubleshoot problems detecting generic SCSI devices 1 2 Findoutwhetherthedevicedriverforthisdeviceisinstalledonthehost. Ifthedevicedriverisnotinstalledandyouwanttoinstallit,dosoandseeifthe deviceappearscorrectlyinthevirtualmachinesettingseditor. Youmightnotwanttoinstallthedriveronthehostifyouwanttoavoida deviceinuseconflictbetweenthehostandguest. Ifadriverisinstalledbutdoesnotappearcorrectly,ifyoucannotinstallthedriver onthehost,orifyoudonotwanttoinstallthedriveronthehost,continuewiththe restofthisprocedure. 3 IfanoriginalSCSIdevicedriverisalreadyinstalledonthehost,disableit. SomeWindowsoperatingsystemsdonotprocessthesendcommandfromthe adapterifthedevicedriverownsthedevice. 4 5 Poweroffthevirtualmachineandopenthevirtualmachinesconfiguration(.vmx) fileinatexteditor. Addorchangethefollowinglineinthe.vmxfile,whereXistheSCSIbusnumber thedeviceusesonthehostsystem,andYisthetargetIDthedeviceusesbothin thevirtualmachineandonthehost:
scsiZ:Y.fileName = "<deviceName>"
For"<deviceName>"use:
"scsiX:Y"
Thefollowingisanexampleofhowtosettheoption.Theproblematicdeviceisa CDROMdrive,andtheexistingentryintheconfigurationfileis:
scsi0:4.fileName = "CdRom0"
Ifthedeviceonthehostislocatedonbus2withtargetID4,changethislineto:
scsi0:4.fileName = "scsi2:4"
IfyourproblemwasthatthevirtualmachinehasaSCSIadapterandgenericSCSI device,butWorkstationdidnotrecognizethedevicewhenthevirtualmachine waspoweredon,youcanstopatthispoint.
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IfthevirtualmachinedoesnotcontainanySCSIdevices,toaddagenericSCSI devicetoanewvirtualSCSIadapter,ortouseanexistingSCSIdeviceasageneric SCSIdevice,alsoaddthefollowinglineinthe.vmxfile:

scsiZ:Y.deviceType = "scsi-passthru"
IfyouwantedtouseanexistingSCSIdeviceasagenericSCSIdevice,youcanstop atthispoint. 7 IfthevirtualmachinedoesnotcontainanySCSIdevices,ortoaddagenericSCSI devicetoanewvirtualSCSIadapter,alsoaddthefollowinglinesinthe.vmxfile, whereZistheSCSIbusnumberthedeviceusesinthevirtualmachine:

scsiZ:Y.present = "true" scsiZ.present = "true"
Ifthevirtualmachinesettingseditorstilldoesnotincludethisdeviceinthelistof availableSCSIdevicesforthisvirtualmachine,contactVMwaretechnicalsupport.
Use Two-Way Virtual Symmetric Multiprocessing

WithVirtualSMP,youcanassigntwovirtualprocessorstoavirtualmachineonany hostmachinethathasatleasttwologicalprocessors. Thefollowingareallconsideredtohavetwoormorelogicalprocessors: AmultiprocessorhostwithtwoormorephysicalCPUs AsingleprocessorhostwithamulticoreCPU Asingleprocessorhostwithhyperthreadingenabled NOTEOnhyperthreadeduniprocessorhosts,performanceofvirtualmachineswith VirtualSMPmightbebelownormal.Evenonmultiprocessorhosts,performanceis affectedifyouovercommitbyrunningmultipleworkloadsthatrequiremoretotalCPU resourcesthanarephysicallyavailable. GuestswithmorethantwovirtualprocessorsarenotsupportedinWorkstation. However,youcanpoweronandrunmultipledualprocessorvirtualmachines concurrently. Thenumberofvirtualprocessorsforagivenvirtualmachineappearsinthesummary viewofthevirtualmachine.
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To use two-way virtual symmetric multiprocessing Dooneofthefollowing: Foranewvirtualmachine,choosethecustomconfigurationintheNewVirtual Machinewizard.OntheProcessorConfigurationpage,specifythenumber. Foranexistingvirtualmachine,chooseVM>SettingsandontheHardwaretab, selectProcessorsandspecifythenumber.
Use a Virtual Machine That Originally Had More Than Two Virtual Processors
YoucanuseWorkstation6.5orhigher,runningonamultiprocessorhostmachine,to openavirtualmachinecreatedinESXServerthathasoneormorevirtualprocessors. YoucannotuseWorkstation,however,topoweronavirtualmachinethathasmore thantwovirtualprocessorsassigned,evenifmoreprocessorswereassignedwhenthe virtualmachinewascreatedinESXServer. Youcanseethenumberofprocessorsinthevirtualmachinessummaryvieworby usingthevirtualmachinesettingseditor.Touseavirtualmachinethathasmorethan twovirtualprocessorsassigned,youmustchangethenumberofprocessorsbefore poweringiton. To use a virtual machine that originally had more than two virtual processors 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectProcessors,andnotethatNumberofProcessorsisset toOther(x),wherexisthenumberofprocessorsoriginallyassignedinESXServer. Workstationpreservesthisoriginalconfigurationsettingforthenumberof processors,eventhoughtwoisthemaximumnumberofprocessorssupported. Afteryoucommitachangetothissetting,theoriginalsettingforthenumberof processorsisdiscardedandnolongerappearsasanoptioninthevirtualmachine settingseditor. 5 ChangetheNumberofprocessorssettingtoOneorTwoandclickOK.
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Special-Purpose Configuration Options for Windows Hosts
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Youcanuseconfigurationoptionsfortaskslikerestrictingtheoperationsausercan performwithavirtualmachineorsimplifyingtheuserinterfaceforinexperienced users.Inaclassroom,forexample,youcanensurethatvirtualmachineconfigurations remainconsistentfromoneclasssessiontothenext. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics: LockingOutInterfaceFeaturesonpage 351 RestrictingtheUserInterfaceonpage 352 MakingaVirtualMachineAlwaysUseFullScreenSwitchModeonpage 355 GuestACPIS1Sleeponpage 364
Locking Out Interface Features

Administrativelockoutisaglobalsettingthataffectsallvirtualmachinesforallusers onahostcomputer.Itallowsyoutoconfiguresettingssothatonlyauserwhoknows thepasswordcanperformthefollowingtasks: Createnewvirtualmachines. Editvirtualmachineconfigurations. Editnetworksettings.
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Set Administrative Lockout Preferences

Ifnouserhassetadministrativelockoutpreferences,anyusercansetthemandseta passwordforaccesstotheadministrativelockoutfeatures.Ifadministrativelockout preferencesarealreadyset,youmustknowthepasswordtochangethesettings. To set administrative lockout preferences 1 2 3 ChooseEdit>Preferences. ClicktheLockouttabandenterthepasswordifprompted. SelecttheEnablecheckboxandselecttheactionsyouwanttorestrict. Ifthisisthefirsttimeadministrativelockoutoptionsarebeingset,specifya passwordinthefieldsprovided. 4 ClickOK.
Removing a Forgotten Password

Ifyoucannotrememberthepasswordandneedtoremoveit,youmustuninstall Workstation.BesuretoclickYeswhenaskedifyouwanttoremovetheadministrative lockoutsettings.AfteryoureinstallWorkstation,youcanenabletheadministrative lockoutfeaturesandsetanewpassword.
Restricting the User Interface

Toenabletherestricteduserinterface,ausermusthavesufficientprivilegestoeditthe virtualmachinesconfigurationfileandtosetfilepermissions.Therestricteduser interfaceaffectsonlythespecificvirtualmachinesforwhichthesettingiscreated. Thefollowingchangesoccurwhenyouenabletherestricteduserinterface: Thetoolbarisalwayshidden. AllfunctionsontheVM>Powermenu,Snapshotmenu,Replaymenu,and RemovableDevicesmenuaredisabled. Noaccessisprovidedtothevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings). Theusercannotchangevirtualnetworkingsettings(Edit>VirtualNetwork Editor). Theuserstartsthevirtualmachinebydoubleclickingtheconfiguration(.vmx)file oradesktopshortcut.Theusershutsdownbyclosingthevirtualmachine(File> Exit).ItisalsopossibletolaunchWorkstationandopenarestrictedinterface virtualmachinefromtheFavoriteslistorFilemenu.
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Chapter 17 Special-Purpose Configuration Options for Windows Hosts
Enable the Restricted User Interface

Althoughtherestricteduserinterfaceprovidesnoaccesstomenuandtoolbarcontrols forasnapshot,youcangiveuserslimitedsnapshotcontrol.Ifyousetupasnapshotfor therestrictedvirtualmachineandsetthepoweroffoptiontoAskMe,thestandard dialogboxappearswhenavirtualmachineshutsdownandtheusercanchoose Just PowerOff,TakeSnapshot,orReverttoSnapshot. To enable the restricted user interface 1 2 3 PoweroffthevirtualmachineandclosetheVMwareWorkstationwindow. Openthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)inatexteditor. Addthefollowinglineanywhereinthefile:
gui.restricted = "TRUE"
4 5
(Optional)Setfilepermissionsontheconfigurationfiletogivenormalusersofthe systemonlyreadaccesstothefile. Createashortcuttotheconfigurationfileonthedesktopandgiveitanappropriate name.
Restrict the User Interface and Return to a Snapshot

Youcancombinearestricteduserinterfacewithasnapshottoensurethatusersvirtual machinesalwaysstartinthesamestate.Typically,usersrunningavirtualmachinewith arestricteduserinterfacecanonlypoweritonandoff,andthevirtualmachineboots whenpoweredon.Whenthevirtualmachinehasasnapshotsetandisconfiguredto returntothatsnapshotwhenpoweredoff,theusercanonlystartandpoweroffthe virtualmachine.Thevirtualmachinealwaysstartsfromthesnapshot. To restrict the user interface and return to a snapshot 1 2 Poweronthevirtualmachineandbesureitisintheappropriatestate. Createasnapshot. SeeTakeaSnapshotonpage 196. 3 Configurethevirtualmachinetoreturntothesnapshotanytimeitispoweredoff: ChooseVM>Settings>Options>Snapshot/ReplayandselectAfterPowering OffandReverttoSnapshot.
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Withthevirtualmachinepoweredoff,restricttheuserinterface,asfollows: a b c ClosetheVMwareWorkstationwindow. Openthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)inatexteditor. Addthefollowinglineanywhereinthefile.

gui.restricted = "TRUE"
5 6 7
(Optional)Setfilepermissionsontheconfigurationfiletogivenormalusersofthe systemreadonlyaccesstothefile. Createashortcuttotheconfigurationfileonthedesktopandnameit. Runthisvirtualmachinebydoubleclickingtheshortcuttotheconfigurationfile. Thevirtualmachinestartsatthesnapshot,withtheuserinterfacerestricted.Users donothaveatoolbaroraccesstotheVM>Powermenuorthevirtualmachine settingseditor.
ChooseFile>Close. Thevirtualmachinepowersoff,andthenexttimeauserpowersiton,itreturnsto thesnapshot.
Disable the Restricted User Interface

DisabletherestricteduserinterfacetomakeitemsintheVMmenuavailabletousers again. To disable the restricted user interface 1 2 PoweroffthevirtualmachineandclosetheVMwareWorkstationwindow. Opentheconfigurationfile(.vmx)fileanddooneofthefollowing: Setgui.restricted = "FALSE". Removeorcommentoutthegui.restricted = "TRUE"line. 3 4 Savethechangestotheconfigurationfileandcloseit. Startthevirtualmachinebydoubleclickingtheshortcut. Thevirtualmachinestartsatthesnapshot,andtheinterfaceisnotrestricted.
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Making a Virtual Machine Always Use Full Screen Switch Mode

FullscreenswitchmodeisaruntimeoptionfortheWorkstationonWindowshosts. WhenWorkstationisrunninginfullscreenswitchmode,theuserhasnoaccesstothe Workstationuserinterface.Theusercannotcreate,reconfigure,orlaunchvirtual machines.Asystemadministratorperformsthesefunctions. WhenWorkstationisrunninginfullscreenswitchmode,oneormorevirtualmachines canberunning,andyoucanusehotkeystoswitchfromonetoanother.Youcanalso providehotkeyaccesstothehostoperatingsystem.
Create a Virtual Machine for Use in Full Screen Switch Mode

Tocreatevirtualmachines,runWorkstationinstandardmode.Theinstructionsinthis sectionassumethatyouarecreatingthevirtualmachinesonaseparateadministrative computer.Youcanalsocreatethevirtualmachinesdirectlyontheuserscomputer. To create a virtual machine for use in full screen switch mode 1 Createavirtualmachineforuseinfullscreenswitchmode: a b c d ChooseFile>New>VirtualMachine. OntheWelcomepage,selecttheCustomconfiguration. OntheNametheVirtualMachinepage,makeanoteofthefolderinwhichyou createthevirtualmachine. OntheSpecifyDiskCapacitypage,specifythesizeforthevirtualdiskand selectAllocatealldiskspacenow. Ifyoudonotmakethisselectionandthehostcomputersharddiskrunsout ofspaceforagrowingvirtualdiskfile,theuserseesnowarningmessageand doesnotknowwhatiscausingtheprobleminthevirtualmachine. 2 3 4 SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Settings. Makeallneededconfigurationsettingsbeforeyouconfiguretheuserscomputer tolaunchWorkstationwhenthecomputerstarts. (Optional)Ifyouplantorunthevirtualmachineonalaptopcomputer,besureto setthevirtualmachinetoreportthebatterystatus. SeeReportBatteryInformationintheGuestonpage 157. 5 Copyallthefilesinthisfoldertotheuserscomputerafteryoufinishcreatingand configuringthevirtualmachine.
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Moving a Virtual Machine to a Users Computer

Theeasiestwaytomovethevirtualmachinetoauserscomputeristouseanetwork connectiontocopyallthefilesinthevirtualmachinedirectorytoadirectoryonthe userscomputer.YoucanalsomovethedirectorybyusingaDVDorotherremovable medialargeenoughtostorethefiles. Placeeachvirtualmachineinitsownseparatedirectory.
Configuring Hot Keys for Full Screen Switch Mode

Youcanspecifyhotkeycombinationsforcyclingthroughthecurrentlypoweredon virtualmachines,toswitchtoaspecificvirtualmachineorthehost,andmore.
Specify Global Configuration Settings for Full Screen Switch Mode

Tousefullscreenswitchmode,youmust,setoneormorepropertiesintheWorkstation globalconfigurationfile. Theglobalconfigurationfileiscreatedwhenyouchangeanyofthedefaultsettingsin theWorkstationpreferenceseditor(Edit>Preferences).Thefilelocationdependson thehostoperatingsystem: OnmostWindowshosts:
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\VMware Workstation\config.ini
OnWindowsVistahosts:
C:\Users\All Users\VMware\VMware Workstation\config.ini
To specify global configuration settings for full screen switch mode 1 2 Iftheconfig.inifiledoesnotyetexistonyourhostcomputer,chooseEdit> Preferencesandchangeatleastoneofthesettingsinthepreferenceeditor. Opentheconfig.inifilewithatexteditorandaddatleastoneofthefollowing lines: fullScreenSwitch.cycleHost = "TRUE" Thissettingcausesthehostoperatingsystemtobeincludedwhenyouusea hotkeyforcyclingthroughpoweredonvirtualmachines.SeeHotKeyfor CyclingThroughVirtualMachinesandtheHostComputeronpage 359. FullScreenSwitch.hostDirectKey = "<value>" Usethissettingtodefineahotkeyforswitchingdirectlytothehostoperating system.SeeHostOperatingSystemHotKeyonpage 360.
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(Optional)Specifyotherfullscreenswitchmodesettingsyouwanttouse. Tospecifyhotkeysforswitchingtoothervirtualmachinesorthehostcomputer, first,seethefollowingsections,intheorderlisted: VirtualKeyCodesonpage 357 OtherEntriesintheGlobalConfigurationFileonpage 360
4 5 6
Saveandclosethefile. Setpermissionsonthisfilesothatotheruserscannotchangeit. Openthepreferences.inifilewithatexteditorandaddthefollowinglines:

pref.fullScreen.v5 = "TRUE" pref.autoFitFullScreen = "fitGuestToHost"
OnmostWindowshosts,thisfileislocatedin:
%USERPROFILE%\Application Data\VMware\preferences.ini
OnWindowsVistahosts,thisfileislocatedin:
%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\VMware\preferences.ini
Tospecifyahotkeyforswitchingtoaspecificvirtualmachine,seeVirtualMachine HotKeyonpage 359.
Virtual Key Codes

Thehotkeyentriesdescribedinthissectionrequireyoutoenteravirtualkeycodeas partofthevalueforanoption.Virtualkeycodesusehexadecimalformat,whichisa hexadecimalnumberprecededby0x.Forexample,tousethevirtualkeycodeof5Aas avalue,type0x5A. Microsoftprovidesareferencelistofvirtualkeycodes.Toaccessthisreferencelist, enterthekeywordvirtualkeycodesontheMSDNWebsite.
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Thehotkeyentriesalsoincludemodifierkeys.ThemodifierkeysareCtrl,Alt,Shift, andWindowskeys.TheWindowskeyisthekeybetweentheCtrlandAltkeys.Youcan alsouseacombinationofthosekeys.Table 171liststhekeycodesformodifierkeys. Table 17-1. Modifier Keys for Hot-Key Entries
Modifier Key Nomodifier Alt Ctrl Shift Win(Windows) Ctrl+Alt Alt+Shift Ctrl+Shift Ctrl+Alt+Shift Win+Alt Win+Ctrl Win+Ctrl+Alt Win+Shift Win+Shift+Alt Win+Shift+Ctrl Win+Shift+Ctrl+Alt Hexadecimal Value 0x0 0x1 0x2 0x4 0x8 0x3 0x5 0x6 0x7 0x9 0xa 0xb 0xc 0xd 0xe 0xf
Keepthefollowinglimitationsinmindwhendefiningcyclekeysandswitchkeys: DonotusethePausekeywiththeCtrlkey.YoucanusethePausekeywithother modifierkeys. IfyouusetheF12key,youmustuseoneormoremodifierkeys.Youcannotusethe F12keyalone. YoucannotusecombinationsthatincludeonlytheShift,Ctrl,andAltkeys.These keyscanbeusedonlyasmodifiersincombinationwithsomeotherkey. Whenlistingakeyplusamodifier,typethevirtualkeycodeforthekeyfollowedbya commaandtypethevalueforthemodifierkeyorkeys.Forexample,thevalueentry forCtrl+Shift+F1is0x70,0x6.
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Hot Key for Cycling Through Virtual Machines and the Host Computer
Youcanspecifyahotkeyorhotkeycombinationforcyclingthroughtheavailable virtualmachinesonahostcomputer.Hotkeysbehaveinthefollowingmanner: Eachtimeyoupressthespecifiedhotkey,thenextvirtualmachineappearsin order.Youcanalsoincludethehostoperatingsysteminthecycle. Ifanyparticularvirtualmachineisnotrunning,itisskipped. Ifonlyonevirtualmachineisrunningandthehostoperatingsystemisnot includedinthecycle,pressingthehotkeyhasnoeffect. Thehotkeyforcyclingthroughvirtualmachinesisdefinedintheglobalconfiguration file(config.ini).Twooptionscontrolcycling: FullScreenSwitch.cycleKey Thevalueofthisoptiondefinesthehotkey.Itisspecifiedas<key>,<modifier>. Ithasnodefault.Forexample,tousethePausekeywithnomodifiertocycle throughvirtualmachines,addthefollowinglinetotheconfig.inifile,ormodify itsvalueiftheoptionisalreadylisted:
FullScreenSwitch.cycleKey = "0x13,0x0"
FullScreenSwitch.cycleHost SetthisoptiontoTRUEtoincludethehostoperatingsysteminthecycle.The defaultisFALSE.Forexample,toincludethehostoperatingsysteminthecycle, addthefollowinglinetotheconfig.inifile,ormodifyitsvalueiftheoptionis alreadylisted:

FullScreenSwitch.cycleHost = "TRUE"
Hot Keys for Switching Directly to Virtual Machines and the Host Computer
Youcanspecifyahotkeyorcombinationofhotkeysforswitchingdirectlytoany availablevirtualmachineonahostcomputer.Eachtimeyoupressthespecifiedhotkey, thescreendisplayswitchestothatofthespecifiedvirtualmachine.Youcanalsospecify ahotkeyforswitchingdirectlytothehostoperatingsystem. Virtual Machine Hot Key Youdefinethehotkeyusedtoswitchtoavirtualmachinebyaddingalocal configurationsettinginthevirtualmachines.vmxfile. Usethefollowingformat:
<option> = "<value>"
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Entriesintheconfigurationfilescanappearinanyorder.Thevalueofthisoption definesthehotkey.Itisspecifiedas<key>,<modifier>.Ithasnodefault. Forexample,touseCtrl+Shift+F1toswitchtoaparticularvirtualmachine,addthe followinglinetothatvirtualmachines.vmxfileormodifyitsvalueiftheoptionis alreadylisted:

FullScreenSwitch.directKey = "0x70,0x6"
Ifanyparticularvirtualmachineisnotrunning,pressingthehotkeyforthatvirtual machinehasnoeffect. Host Operating System Hot Key Youdefinethehotkeyusedtoswitchtothehostoperatingsystembyaddingalineto theglobalconfigurationfile(config.ini).Thevalueofthisoptiondefinesthehotkey. Itisspecifiedas<key>,<modifier>.Ithasnodefault. Forexample,touseCtrl+Shift+F9toswitchtothehostoperatingsystem,addthe followinglinetotheconfig.inifile,ormodifyitsvalueiftheoptionisalreadylisted:
FullScreenSwitch.hostDirectKey = "0x78,0x6"
Other Entries in the Global Configuration File

Theglobalconfigurationfile(config.ini)entriesinTable 172areoptional.They enableyoutocontrolcertainfunctionsofthevirtualmachinethatareimportantin workenvironmentswherevirtualmachinesneedtobeisolatedfromeachotherand fromthehostcomputer. Table 17-2. Optional Global Configuration File Entries
Option Isolation.tools.copy.disable Description Thisoptiondetermineswhetherdatain onevirtualmachineorthehostoperating systemcanbecopiedtoanothervirtual machineortothehostoperatingsystem. Thisoptiondetermineswhetherdata copiedinonevirtualmachineorthehost operatingsystemcanbepastedinto anothervirtualmachineorthehost operatingsystem. WhensettoTRUE,thisoptionspecifiesthat foldersharingisdisabledbydefault. Foldersharingisonemethodofsharing filesamongvirtualmachinesandwiththe hostcomputer. Default Setting TRUE
Isolation.tools.paste.disable
TRUE
Isolation.tools.HGFS.disable
TRUE
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Table 17-2. Optional Global Configuration File Entries (Continued)

Option mks.CtlAltDel.ignore Description SetthispropertytoTRUEsothatdialog boxesusuallygeneratedbyMicrosoft WindowsSecureAttentionSequence(SAS) arenotdisplayedbutarepassedontothe guestiftheguesthaskeyboardfocus. SetthispropertytoTRUEtoallowthehost operatingsystemtorunitsscreensaver whenitdeterminesthatthemachineis idle. SetthispropertytoTRUEtosuppressany Workstationdialogboxesthatotherwise appear.Thedefaultanswerisselectedin thesedialogboxes. Default Setting
mks.fullscreen.allScreenSaver
msg.autoAnswer
Using vmware-fullscreen to Run a Virtual Machine

Usethevmware-fullscreencommandtorunWorkstationinfullscreenswitchmode andtostartandstopvirtualmachinesonauserscomputer.Thecommandcanpass certaininformationtothevirtualmachinewhenitstarts. Asadministrator,youmustdecidehowtoissuethecommand.Forexample,youcan useacustomapplicationorscriptrunningonthehostoperatingsystemtoissueoneor morevmware-fullscreencommands.Oryoucanincludethecommandtostarta virtualmachineinashortcutinthehostoperatingsystemsstartupgroup,sothevirtual machinestartswhentheuserlogsintothehostcomputer. Issuethevmware-fullscreencommandonceforeachvirtualmachineyouwantto startorstop.Thesyntaxforthiscommandis:
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\vmware-fullscreen.exe [-poweron <parameters> | -poweroff <parameters> | -exit | -switchto <paramters> | -query | -listvms]
YoucantypethesecommandsattheWindowscommandpromptorcreatescriptsto runmultiplecommands.
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Table 173describestheavailableoptionsandparameters. Table 17-3. Command-Line Options for the vmware-fullscreen Program
Option -poweron or -fullscreen Parameters "<config-file>" Description Powersonthevirtualmachine,where"<config-file>" isrequiredandspecifiesthefullpathtothevirtual machinesconfiguration(.vmx)file. With-poweron,theuserseesnoimmediateindication whenthevirtualmachinestarts,buttheusercanswitchto thevirtualmachinewithitsdirectswitchkeyorwiththe cyclekey. With-fullscreen,thevirtualmachinegoestofullscreen modeimmediatelyinsteadofrunninginvisiblyuntilthe userswitchestoitlater. -s <variable>=<value> (Optional)Setsthespecifiedvariabletothespecified value.Anyvariablenamesandvaluesthatarevalidinthe configurationfilecanbespecifiedonthecommandline withthe-sswitch. (Optional)Givesanaliastothevirtualmachine.Youcan theusethataliasin-switchtoand-poweroff commands. (Optional)Specifiesthevirtualmachinesdirectswitch key.Ifadirectswitchkeyisspecifiedinthevirtual machinesconfigurationfile,thecommandlineoverrides theconfigurationfile.Thefollowingisanexampleofthis switch: -directkey=0x70,0x6 -poweroff "<config-file>" or <alias> -exit Powersoffthespecifiedvirtualmachine.Tospecifythe virtualmachine,useeitherthefullpathtothevirtual machinesconfiguration(.vmx)fileorthealiasifyou definedonebyusingthe-nameswitch. PowersoffallvirtualmachinesandexitsWorkstation.
-name=<alias>
-directkey=<keyspec>
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Table 17-3. Command-Line Options for the vmware-fullscreen Program (Continued)

Option -switchto Parameters Description Dependingontheparameteryouuse,switchestothe specifiedvirtualmachine,hostoperatingsystem,ornext machine(virtualmachineorhost)inthecyclingorder.A virtualmachinemustbepoweredonbeforeyoucan switchtoit. "<config-file>" Switchestothevirtualmachine,where "<config-file>"specifiesthefullpathtothevirtual machinesconfiguration(.vmx)file. Switchestothevirtualmachine,where<alias>specifies thealiasyoudefinedbyusingthe-nameswitch. Switchestothehostoperatingsystem. Switchestothenextmachineinthecyclingorder. DetermineswhetherWorkstationisrunninginfullscreen switchmode.Ifso,alsodisplaystheprocessIDand windowhandle. Listsallvirtualmachinesthatarecurrentlypoweredon. Thelistisaddedtothevmware-fullscreenlogfile.
<alias> host next -qu -query
-listvms
vmware-fullscreen Log File

Thevmware-fullscreenprogramwritestoalogfile.Thislogfilerecordserrors reportedbyvmware-fullscreenitselfasitstarts,stops,andpassesothercommands toWorkstation.Itisseparatefromthevmware.logfile,whichstoresinformationonthe runningvirtualmachines. Thenameofthevmware-fullscreenlogfileisvmware-<username>-<pid>.log.By default,thevmware-fullscreenlogfileisinthetempdirectoryfortheuserloggedin tothehostcomputer.ThislocationmightbespecifiedintheTEMPenvironment variable.Thedefaultlocationis:
C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Local Settings\Temp
Theadministratorcanspecifyadifferentlocationforthislogfilebyaddingthe followinglinetotheWorkstationglobalconfigurationfile(config.ini):
fullScreenSwitch.log.filename="<path>"
VMwarerecommendsusingafullpath.Ifyouusearelativepath,thelocationisrelative tothedirectorythatisactivewhenthevmware-fullscreencommandisissuedforthe firsttimeafterthehostcomputerreboots.
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Guest ACPI S1 Sleep

WorkstationprovidesexperimentalsupportforguestoperatingsystemACPIS1sleep. Notallguestoperatingsystemssupportthisfeature.Commonguestoperatingsystem interfacesforenteringstandbyaresupported. Bydefault,ACPIS1sleepisimplementedinWorkstationassuspend.Youcanusethe WorkstationResumebuttontowaketheguest. Withthefollowingentryintheconfiguration(.vmx)fileforavirtualmachine,ACPIS1 sleepisinsteadimplementedaspoweronsuspend:
chipset.onlineStandby = TRUE
Theguestoperatingsystemisnotfullypowereddown.Youcanawakenthevirtual machineinthefollowingways: Keyboardinput Mouseinput ProgrammingtheCMOSexternaltimer Thisfeaturecanbeusefulfortestanddevelopmentscenarios.
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Learning the Basics of VMware ACE
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ThischapterprovidesanoverviewofhowtouseWorkstationtocreateanddeploy virtualmachinesforendusers.ACE(AssuredComputingEnvironment)featuresare availableonlyintheversionofWorkstationthatrunsonWindowshosts.Thischapter includesthefollowingtopics: BenefitsofUsingVMwareACEonpage 365 NetworkandDiskSpaceRequirementsfortheAdministrativeWorkstationon page 368 OverviewofCreatingandDeployingACEPackagesonpage 368 OverviewoftheACEUserInterfaceonpage 370 TroubleshootingUsersProblemsonpage 371
Benefits of Using VMware ACE

VMwareACEisasoftwaresolutionthatenablesorganizationstodeployandmanage secure,platformindependentvirtualmachinesthatenduserscanuseontheirwork PC,personalcomputer,orevenaportableUSBmediadevice.Enduserscanbeeither connectedtoordisconnectedfromtheenterprisenetwork. VMwareACEenablessafeaccesstoenterpriseresourcesfromassuredcomputing environments.TheseisolatedPCenvironmentsrunontopofexistingPCs.Theassured computingenvironment(ACE)containsanoperatingsystem,enterpriseapplications, andpreconfiguredsecuritysettings.
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Withvirtualrightsmanagement,builtincopyprotectioncontrols,andautomatic encryption,VMwareACEhelpspreventtheft,tampering,andunauthorizedcopyingof applications,data,systemsettings,andfiles.Administratorscanprotectdataand ensurecompliancewithITpolicies,includingsoftwarelifecyclemanagementand accesstodataandapplications.
Key Features of VMware ACE

ThekeyfeaturesofVMwareACEincludemanageability,security,andusability.
Manageability
CreatestandardizedhardwareindependentPCenvironmentsanddeploythemto anyPCthroughouttheextendedenterprise. Controlthevirtualmachineslifecycle,securitysettings,networksettings,system configuration,anduserinterfacecapabilities. Trackinstancesthroughtheuserinterface.Viewandmanagetheactivation, expiration,andotherpoliciesofinstancesmanagedwithACEManagement Server.
Security
Rulesbasednetworkaccessletsyouidentifyandquarantineunauthorizedor outofdateACEinstances.EnableaccesstothenetworkoncetheACEinstance complieswithITpolicies. TamperresistantcomputingenvironmentprotectstheentireACEinstanceand package,includingdataandsystemconfiguration,withseamlessencryption. Copyprotectedcomputingenvironmentpreventsusersfromcopyingenterprise information. RolesbasedSSLcommunicationprovidesasecureprotocolbetweentheACE ManagementServerandclient. ResourcesigningletsyouspecifythatACEResourcefilesbeprotectedfromall tampering.
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Chapter 18 Learning the Basics of VMware ACE
Usability
Thecustomizableinterfaceletsyoucustomizethebehaviorandlookandfeelfor users. Theflexiblecomputingenvironmentletsusersreverttoapreviousstatewithin secondsandcanworkwhenconnectedordisconnectedfromtheenterprise network.
VMware ACE Terminology

ThefollowingtermsareusedfrequentlyinthechaptersdescribingVMwareACE features: ACEenabledvirtualmachineAvirtualmachinetemplatethattheACE administratorcreates.TheACEenabledvirtualmachinecanbeconfiguredwith variouspolicies,devices,anddeploymentsettingsandthenusedasthebasisfor creatinganynumberofpackagestobesenttoACEusers. ACEinstanceThevirtualmachinethatACEadministratorscreate,associatewith policies,andactivateonenduserscomputers.AnACEinstancethatismanaged byACEManagementServerisamanagedACEinstance.AnACEinstancethatis notmanagedbyACEManagementServerisastandaloneACEinstance. (Optional)ACEManagementServerTheACEManagementServerenablesyou tomanageACEinstances,topublishpolicychangestodynamicallyupdatethose instances,andtotestanddeploypackagesmoreeasily.ACEManagementServer addsnewintegrationwithActiveDirectorysetupsandprovidessecureActive DirectoryandLDAPintegration,withrolebasedsecureSSLcommunication. Formoreinformation,seetheVMwareACEManagementServerAdministrators Guide. PocketACEEnablesanadministratortobundleanddeployanACEinstance ontoaUSBportablemediadevice,includingUSBflashdrives,AppleiPodmobile digitaldevices,andportableharddrives.
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Network and Disk Space Requirements for the Administrative Workstation

Asanadministrator,youuseWorkstationtocreateandmanagethevirtualmachines youdistributetoendusers.Followingisalistofprerequisitesforthemachinethathosts Workstation: Ifyourcompanyalreadyhasalibraryofstandardvirtualmachines,youneed networkaccesstothatlibraryfromyourhostcomputer. Ifyouarecreatingvirtualmachines,youneedaccesstoinstallersfortheguest operatingsystemsandapplicationsoftwarethatyouplantoinstallinthevirtual machines. YoucaninstalloperatingsystemsfromCDs,DVDs,ISOimagefilesonalocaldrive oronthenetwork,oraPXEserver.YoucaninstallapplicationsoftwarefromCDs, DVDs,orinstallersonalocaldriveoronthenetwork. Youneedtoprovideadequatediskspaceforvirtualmachinefilesandpackage files.Thefilesforeachvirtualmachinecanbeaslargeasseveralgigabytes.The packagefilescanalsobelarge.Thedefaultlocationforthepackagefilesisthe Packages folderinsidethevirtualmachinesfolder. Workstationneedsasubstantialamountoftemporaryworkingspacewhenitcreates apackage.Thetotaldiskspacerequiredisabouttwicethecombinedsizesofallthe componentsofthepackage.TheNewPackagewizarddisplaysinformationabout theamountofspaceneededandthelocationswherethespaceisneeded. WorkstationmustbeinstalledonaWindowshost.
Overview of Creating and Deploying ACE Packages

Thefollowingisanoverviewofthetasksyoumustperformtocreate,deploy,and manageACEinstances. 1 WithWorkstationonaWindowshost,createorcloneavirtualmachinethatmeets therequirementsofyourendusers. Theproceduresarethesameasforanyvirtualmachine.Forthenetworktype, VMwarerecommendsusingNetworkAddressTranslation(NAT)orbridged networkingwithanIPaddressaDHCPserverprovides. 2 Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff,displaythesummaryviewforthe virtualmachine,andclickEnableACEFeaturesintheCommandslist. ACEspecificcommandsareaddedtotheCommandslistinthesummaryview, andtheVM>ACEmenuisenabled.
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UsetheVM>Settingsmenutoconfigurethevirtualmachine. (Optional)UsetheACEOptionssettingspaneltoassociatethevirtualmachine withanACEManagementServer.Youcanthenusetheservertoactivateandtrack instancesandmakechangestopolicies,instancecustomizationdata,andother dataforeachACEinstance. BecausemanagedACEinstancescheckperiodicallyforupdates,theupdatesare dynamic.Youdonotneedtocreateanddeploynewupdatepackages.Seethe VMwareACEManagementServerAdministratorsGuide.
Installaguestoperatingsystem,VMwareTools,andothersoftwareinthevirtual machine. Theproceduresarethesameasforanyvirtualmachine.SeetheVMwareGuest OperatingSystemInstallationGuide.
SetpoliciesfortheACEinstance. PoliciescontrolsuchthingsaswhatnetworkaccessendusershavefromACE instancesandwhatdevicesontheirhostcomputerstheymayuseintheinstances. SeeChapter 19,SettingandUsingPoliciesandCustomizingVMwarePlayer,on page 373.
SpecifydeploymentsettingsfortheACEinstance. Deploymentsettingscontrolsuchthingsasencryption,packagelifetime,and securityIDs.SeeChapter 20,DeployingACEPackages,onpage 417.
Createpackagestodeploytoendusers. Workstationguidesyouthroughtheprocess.SeeCreatingaPackageon page 431orChapter 21,PocketACE,onpage 439.
Distributepackagestoendusers. DistributethepackagesonCD,DVD,orportablemedia,ormakethemavailable onanetwork.SeeDeployPackagesonpage 438orDeployingtheACEPackage onaPortableDeviceonpage 443.
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InstallACEinstancesonendusersmachines. SeeInstallingACEPackagesonpage 447orRunthePocketACEInstanceon page 445. YoucaninstallmultipleACEinstancesonthesamemachine.Theycanbefrom differentvendorsandbegovernedbydifferentpolicies.Youcanalsouninstall individualACEinstancesorWorkstationwhileleavingotherACEinstances installed.
10 Keepusersuptodate. Ifyouneedtoupdatetheguestoperatingsystem,updateaprogramrunning insidetheACEinstance,orchangepoliciessetfortheACEpackage,youcancreate anddistributeanewpackage. Packageupdatesdonotupgradethevirtualmachineversion.Youcanuseapackage updatetoprovideenduserswithVMwareACE2.5policies,buttheupdatepackage doesnotupdateACEPlayerorthevirtualmachinetoversion2.5.
Overview of the ACE User Interface

Useanyofthefollowingmethodstoaccessthepolicyeditor,deploymentsettings editor,andpackagingwizards: SelecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseacommandfromthe VM > ACEmenu. InthesummaryviewfortheACEenabledvirtualmachine,clickanACErelated commandintheCommandslist. TheACEtabinthesummaryviewliststhecurrentsettingsforpoliciesand deployment. ClickabuttonintheACEtoolbar. RightclicktheACEenabledvirtualmachineinthesidebarandchoosean ACErelatedcommand. ACEManagementServerhastwointerfaces: InWorkstation,selectanACEManagementServerinthesidebartodisplaythe instanceview. UsetheVMwareHelpDeskapplication.Becausethisinterfaceisbrowserbased, youcanuseitfrommachinesthatdonothaveWorkstationinstalled.
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Bothinterfacesofferthesamebasicfunctionality.Administratorscanviewandcontrol allmanagedACEinstances.Anadvancedsearchfunctionallowsyoutolocate instancesinthedatabasequickly.Youcancustomizetheinterfacebyaddingsearchable customfields.SeetheVMwareACEManagementServerAdministratorsGuide.
Troubleshooting Users Problems

Endusersmightneedhelpwithlostpasswords,expiredACEinstances,or copyprotectedACEinstancesthattheyhavemovedtoadifferentlocation. Useoneofthefollowingmethodstofixthoseproblems: ManagedACEinstancesUseACEManagementServer.SeetheVMwareACE ManagementServerAdministratorsGuide. StandaloneACEinstancesUsethevmware-acetoolcommandlineprogramto fixthoseproblemsdirectlyontheusersmachines.SeeUsingthevmwareacetool CommandLineToolonpage 461. Youcanalsousethehotfixfeaturetorespondtotheseproblems.SeeSetting HotFixPoliciesforStandaloneACEInstancesonpage 403andRespondtoHot FixRequestsonpage 463. YoumightfinditusefultomodifytheconfigurationofanACEinstanceonan enduserscomputer.Administratormodeenablesyoutoaccessandusethevirtual machinesettingseditorwhenrunningtheACEinstancewithVMwarePlayeronthe userscomputer.SeeSettingAdministratorModePoliciesonpage 401.
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Setting and Using Policies and Customizing VMware Player
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ThischapterdescribeshowtosetpoliciesforanACEenabledvirtualmachineand customizetheVMwarePlayerinterfaceforendusers.Thischapterincludesthe followingtopics: BenefitsofUsingPoliciesonpage 374 SetPoliciesforACEInstancesonpage 374 SettingAccessControlPoliciesonpage 375 SettingHosttoGuestDataScriptPoliciesonpage 381 SettingExpirationPoliciesonpage 383 SettingCopyProtectionPoliciesonpage 383 SettingResourceSigningPoliciesonpage 384 SettingNetworkAccessPoliciesonpage 385 SettingRemovableDevicesPoliciesonpage 394 SettingUSBDevicePoliciesonpage 394 SettingVirtualPrinterPoliciesonpage 396 SettingRuntimePreferencesPoliciesonpage 397 SettingSnapshotPoliciesonpage 400 SettingAdministratorModePoliciesonpage 401 SettingKioskModePoliciesonpage 402 SettingHotFixPoliciesforStandaloneACEInstancesonpage 403 SettingthePolicyUpdateFrequencyforManagedACEInstancesonpage 403 ControlWhichACEInstancesRunonaHostonpage 404 WritingPlugInPolicyScriptsonpage 406 CustomizingtheVMwarePlayerInterfaceonWindowsHostsOnlyonpage 411
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Benefits of Using Policies

PoliciesgiveyoucontrolovermanyaspectsoftheACEinstancesyoudistributetoend users.Forexample,youcansetpoliciesforthefollowingsecuritypurposes: PermittheACEinstancetobeusedonlybycertainusersandgroupsdefinedinan ActiveDirectorydomain. Specifywhichnetworkresourcesendusersmayaccessfromthevirtualmachine. Permituserstoconnectanddisconnectcertainremovabledevicesconfiguredfor thevirtualmachine. SetanexpirationdateforanACEinstance. Yousetpolicieswiththepolicyeditor.Youcanchangesomeorallofthepoliciesforan ACEinstanceatanytimebyeditingthepoliciesandcreatinganddistributinganew packagethatcontainsonlythepolicies. ForACEenabledvirtualmachinesthatACEManagementServermanages,youcan dynamicallychangesomepoliciesanddeploythosechangestotheACEinstanceson usersmachines.
Set Policies for ACE Instances

PolicysettingsofferseverallevelsofsecurityfordailyuseofACEinstances.For informationabouttheencryptionaspectofsecurity,seeEditDeploymentSettingson page 417. Beforeyoucanusethepolicyeditoronavirtualmachine,youmustenableACE featuresforthatvirtualmachine.SeeOverviewofCreatingandDeployingACE Packagesonpage 368. To set policies for ACE instances 1 2 3 SelecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseVM>ACE>Policies. Inthepolicyeditor,selectaniteminthePolicylist. CompletethesettingspanelforthatpolicyandeitherclickOKorselectanother policytoedit. Forassistancewiththefieldsonasettingspanel,clickHelp.
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Chapter 19 Setting and Using Policies and Customizing VMware Player
Setting Access Control Policies

ActivationandauthenticationpoliciescontrolaccesstoinstalledACEpackagesandthe instancescreatedfromthosepackages.Theactivationpolicyspecifieswhocanaccess aninstalledACEpackageandturnitintoanACEinstance.Theauthenticationpolicy specifieswhocanrunanACEinstance. Thesettingsyouchooseforthesepoliciesdeterminethedefaultsettingsforpackage andencryptionpolicies,whichprotecttheACEpackagesandfilesintransit.See EncryptionSettingsonpage 418. Thesettingsforthesepoliciesandhowtheyareimplementedvarydependingonhow yourACEinstancesaremanagedand(optionally)tracked.Thepossiblemanagement setupsare: Server,withActiveDirectoryACEinstancesaremanagedbyanACE ManagementServer,andtheserverisintegratedwithActiveDirectory. AnendusermustenterActiveDirectoryusercredentialseachtimetheACE instanceisrun.Onlytheuserwhoactivatestheinstancecanauthenticate(run)the instance.TheactivationstepisperformedwheneveranACEpackageisinstalled. Server,noActiveDirectoryACEinstancesaremanagedbyanACE ManagementServer,andtheserverisnotintegratedwithActiveDirectory. Theadministratorchooseswhethertheendusermustenterapasswordtoactivate theACEinstanceandrunit. StandaloneACEinstancesarestandalone,whichmeanstheyarenotmanaged byaserver. Theadministratorchooseswhethertheendusermustenterapasswordtoactivate theACEinstanceandrunit. IfyouuseACEManagementServer,theserveralsoverifiesthefollowingitemsbefore theinstanceisallowedtorun: Therevocationflagisnotsetandtheinstanceisnotblockedfromrunningbecause ofanypolicyerrors. Theexpirationdatesetfortheinstance,ifany,hasnotbeenreached.SeeSetting ExpirationPoliciesonpage 383.
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Create or Edit an Access Control Policy

AfteryouenableACEfeaturesforavirtualmachine,youcancreateapolicytocontrol whichenduserscanaccessaninstalledACEpackageandturnitintoanACEinstance. ThispolicyalsocontrolswhichuserscanpoweronanACEinstance. To create or edit an access control policy 1 2 3 4 SelecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseVM>ACE>Policies. Inthepolicyeditor,selectAccessControlandcompletethefieldsinthesettings panel. ClickOK. VerifythatthenewsettingsappearcorrectlyontheACEtabinthevirtual machinessummaryview. Ifyouchangeanactivationsetting,thepolicytakeseffectwhenanewinstance fromthispackageisinstalledandactivated.Youcanalsoeditanimported keywordlist. 5 (Optional)Tochangetheauthenticationsettingfromonetypetoanother,createa policyupdatepackageanddistributeittotheuser.
Activation Settings
UseactivationsettingstocontrolwhichuserscanactivateanACEinstanceafteritis installed.Theactivationdateisusedfortheexpirationpolicy. IfyouuseACEManagementServerwithActiveDirectory,thecontrolsinthe ActivationsectionenableyoutoopentheActiveDirectoryUsersandGroupsdialog box.ThemachineonwhichWorkstationrunsmustbeinthesamedomainthatwhich ACEManagementServerisconfiguredfor.Userlistchangesareeffectiveatthenext startupoftheinstance. IfyoudonotuseActiveDirectoryorifyouarecreatingstandaloneACEinstances,the settingspanelincludesthefollowingoptionsforactivationpasswordsorkeys: NoneNopasswordorkeyisrequired.Anyusercanactivatethisinstance. PasswordTheusermustenterthepasswordthattheadministratorusesto activatethisACEinstance.Youmustprovidetheuserwiththepasswordthrough emailorothermeans. ForstandaloneACEenabledvirtualmachines,yousetthepasswordduringthe packagingprocess.
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ActivationkeyThisoptionisavailableifyouuseACEManagementServer withoutActiveDirectoryintegration.Youspecifyoneormorekeysandtheend usermustenterakeythatisinthatlist. Activationkeysareserialnumbers(freeformstrings)thatcanbetrackedasused orunusedbytheserver.Youcanenterthekeysorimportthemfromatextfile. Toimportkeys,youneedatextfilethatcontainsthelistofactivationtokens.Each tokenisonelineinthefile.Blanklinesareignored. AfteranACEinstanceisactivatedusingakey,thatkeycannotbeusedtoactivate anotherinstance.Removingakeyfromthelistdoesnotaffectaninstancethatwas activatedwiththatkey.
Authentication Settings
Theauthenticationstepisperformedwhenevertheuserrunstheinstance,unless AuthenticationissettoNone. IfyouuseACEManagementServerwithActiveDirectory,thecontrolsinthe AuthenticationsectionenableyoutoopentheActiveDirectoryUsersandGroups dialogbox.ThemachineonwhichWorkstationrunsmustbeinthesamedomainthat whichACEManagementServerisconfiguredfor. IfyoudonotuseActiveDirectoryorifyouarecreatingstandaloneACEinstances,the settingspanelincludesthefollowingoptionsforauthenticationcontrol: NoneNopasswordisrequired.Anyusercanrunthisinstanceafteritis activated. UserspecifiedpasswordTheinstancedoesnotrununtiltheuserentersthe correctpassword.Eachusermustsetapasswordduringactivation,thefirsttime theinstanceispoweredon. Youcancreatepasswordpoliciestocontrolsuchthingsastheminimumnumber ofcharacters,typesofcharacters,andnumberofpasswordattemptsbeforethe userislockedoutforaspecifiedamountoftime. ScriptAcustomauthenticationscriptisruntodeterminewhocanusethe instance.SeeUsinganAuthenticationScriptonpage 378.
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Using an Authentication Script

Youcancreateacustomauthenticationscriptthatrunsontheenduserscomputerto determinewhocanusetheinstance. Torequirethatthescriptbesignedbeforedeploymenttopreventtampering,seta resourcesigningpolicy.SeeSettingResourceSigningPoliciesonpage 384. Forinstructionsoncreatinganddeployingthescript,seeSpecifyaScriptanda CommandtoRunItonpage 381.
Include a Power-On and Power-Off Script in the Package

YoucanprovideascriptthatrunswhenanACEinstancepowersonthatdetermines whethertheACEinstancecanberun.YoucanprovideascriptthatrunswhenanACE instancepowersofftoresetanychangesmadetothehostfromapoweronscript,reset authenticationsettings,orperformotherproceduresastheinstancepowersoff. Torequirethatthescriptbesignedbeforedeploymenttopreventtampering,seta resourcesigningpolicy.SeeSettingResourceSigningPoliciesonpage 384. Thepoweronorpoweroffscriptprovidesacustomizablewayofcontrollingaccessto anACEinstanceinadditiontotheauthenticationpolicy. To include a power-on and power-off script in the package 1 2 3 4 5 CreatethescriptandsaveitintheACE Resourcesfolder. Ontheaccesscontrolpolicypage,selectScriptandclickPoweron/offscripts. Selectoneorbothcheckboxesforthescriptsyouwanttorun. ClickSettospecifythepathtothescriptandenterthecommandtorunthescript. Ifyouareenablingapoweronorpoweroffscriptafteryoudeployedpackages, provideanupdatepackageoracustompackagefortheACE Resourcesdirectory.
Whenthescriptrunsontheuserssystem,thescriptprintsTRUEforpoweronor FALSEforpoweroff.Itmustalsoconformtostandardscriptexitcoderules.The followingisanexampleofapoweronscript:

# VMware Sample Script # # Sample script for ACE power-on hook # # Description: # This sample script implements a power-on hook for ACE. This can be used # in addition to authentication to control the circumstances under which an # ACE is allowed to run.
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# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
This script assumes that the username is defined in the environment variable TEST_USERNAME (a ficticious environment variable used for this sample) and returns TRUE if the user is allowed to run, and FALSE otherwise. Input to script: None. Returns: TRUE if username is on white list. FALSE if username is not on white list or is undefined. Expected output: One of the strings "TRUE" or "FALSE"
my @white_list = ("alan", "bob", "mary", "sonia", "chris"); my $username = $ENV{TEST_USERNAME}; if (! defined $username) { print "FALSE"; exit(0); } my @grepNames = grep(/$username/, @white_list); if (@grepNames == 1) { print "TRUE"; exit(0); } print "FALSE"; exit(0);
Scriptscanbeinanylanguage.Forexample,youcanusea.batfileonWindows operatingsystemsorperlorshonLinuxoperatingsystems.Ascriptprovides WorkstationwithacommandlineexecutablefileorascriptfileintheACE Resources directory.Theguidelinesascriptmustfollowdependonwhichpolicythescriptis implementing. Thescriptmustexitwitha0(zero)valuetobeconsideredasuccess.Anyotheroutput resultsinfailure.Uponsuccess,thestdoutoutputofthescriptisexamined.Foragiven policy,thisshouldbeaspecificvaluesuchasTRUEorFALSE.Forapoweronscript, outputshouldbeTRUEorFALSE.Theauthenticationscriptoutputisusedasa password.Thehosttoguestdatascriptisastringinaparticularformatsuchas guestinfo.var1="value1"\nguestinof.var2="value2".
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Set a Recovery Key for Encrypted ACE Instances

YoucanspecifythekeytobeusedforaccesstoencryptedACEinstances.Thiskey enablesyoutoresetthepasswordforadeployedACEinstance,activateanexpired instance,andrunacopyprotectedinstance. To set a recovery key for encrypted ACE instances 1 2 3 Ontheaccesscontrolpolicypage,clickRecoverykey. IntheRecoveryKeydialogbox,selectUserecoverykey. Dooneofthefollowing: TouseanexistingPEMformatkeypair,clickBrowseforExistingKeyand navigatetothepublickeyofthepairtouse. TocreateaPEMformatkeypair,clickCreateNewRecoveryKeyand completethedialogboxthatappears. 4 ClickOKtogeneratethekeys. Afterseveralseconds,thenewlygeneratedpublickeyislistedinthefieldonthe RecoveryKeytab.Thetwopartsofthekeyarestoredinthelocationyouindicated, withthenamesyouspecifiedfollowedbytheextensions.pubforthepublickey and.privfortheprivatekey. 5 Recordtheprivatekeypasswordandlocationoftheprivatekeyfilesothatyoucan supplyitifyouneedtoresetapassword.
Set Activation Limit

TheactivationlimitisthemaximumnumberofACEinstancesthatcanbeactivated fromthespecifiedACEenabledvirtualmachine.Thisoptionisavailableifyouuse ACEManagementServer. To set an activation limit Ontheaccesscontrolpolicypage,underActivationlimit,inTotalnumberof activations,choosehowmanyinstancescanbeactivatedfromthisACEenabled virtualmachine. Youcanusethedropdownmenuortypeinanumber.
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Active Directory Password Change Proxying

YoucanprovideadditionalsecurityforyourACEinstancesbyintegratingwithActive Directory. Youcanspecifypasswordexpirationandchangerequirements,setupthedomainto expirepasswords,andrequirepasswordchangesperiodically.Thesesettingsarein additiontoACEaccesscontrolpolicysettings. IncasesinwhichActiveDirectoryusersneedtochangetheirpasswords,youcan configureACEManagementServerasanActiveDirectorypasswordchangeproxy.In thismode,ACEManagementServermakesthepasswordchangerequesttotheActive Directorydomaincontrollerontheusersbehalf.
Setting Host to Guest Data Script Policies

YoucanprovideahosttoguestdatascriptthatrunswhentheACEinstanceispowered on.Itpassesvaluestotheguest.Usethispolicysettingtosharespecifichost informationwiththeguestoperatingsystemwhentheACEinstanceispoweredon. Thescript,whichrunsonthehost,shouldoutputasetofkeyvaluepairs,which becomeavailabletotheapplicationsthatarerunninginsidetheguest.TheVMware Toolsserviceprovidesthisability.Thesetofacceptablekeysconsistsofmachine.id andkeysprefixedwithguestinfo,suchasguestinfo.ipAddress. IftheACEenabledvirtualmachineforthisinstanceisconfiguredforbothWindows andLinuxplatforms,youcanprovidescriptsforbothWindowsandLinuxsystems. Changestoascriptrequirethatyoudeployanupdatepackagethatincludesthenewscript. Forinstructionsoncreatinganddeployingthescript,seeSpecifyaScriptanda CommandtoRunItonpage 381.
Specify a Script and a Command to Run It

Theprocedureforusingauthenticationscriptsandhostguestdatascriptsisidentical. Usethisprocedureforthefollowingscripts: AccesscontrolauthenticationscriptCustomauthenticationscriptthatrunson theenduserscomputertodeterminewhocanusetheACEinstance. IfyouplantousethescriptwithaPocketACEthatwillrunonbothWindowsand Linuxhosts,makesurethatthescriptoutputsonbothplatformsareexactlythe same,includingcharactersforlineendingsornewlines. HostguestdatascriptScriptforsharinghostinformationsuchasthehost machineIDandIPaddresswithapplicationsthatrunontheguest.
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To specify a script and a command to run it 1 2 3 CreatethescriptandsaveitintheACE Resourcesdirectoryinsidethevirtual machinesdirectory. InWorkstation,selecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseVM>ACE> Policies. Inthepolicyeditor,dooneofthefollowing: Ifthescriptisacustomauthenticationscript,selectAccessControlandinthe Authenticationsection,selectScriptandclickSetScript. Ifthescriptisforpassinghostinformationtotheguest,selectHostGuest DataScript,selectRunahostguestscriptatpoweron,andclickSet. 4 Inthedialogboxthatappears,browsetothescriptfileandclickOpen. IfthedeploymentplatformsettinginthedeploymentsettingseditorissettoBoth WindowsandLinux,thisdialogboxcontainstextfieldsforbothWindowsand Linux. 5 Typethecommandforrunningthescript. Includethescriptfileinthecommandline,aswellasanyneededexecutablefile forrunningthescriptandanyargumentstothescript. 6 (Optional)SelectTimeoutandtypeatimeoutintervalinseconds,incasethescript doesnotruntocompletion. Theuserisdeniedaccessifthetimeoutintervalelapsesbeforethescriptrunsto completion. 7 8 ClickOK. IfyouareenablingthisscriptforanACEenabledvirtualmachinethatyoualready deployed,dooneofthefollowing: Forstandaloneinstances,includethescriptintheupdatepackageyou distributetoendusers. Formanagedinstances,useapolicyandserverupdatepackageoracustom packagethatincludestheACE Resourcesdirectorytoprovideenduserswith thescript.
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Setting Expiration Policies

Expirationpoliciesareuseful,forinstance,ifyouwanttopreventacontractemployee fromusingavirtualmachinepastacertaindateorformorethanacertainnumberof days. Whenaninstanceexpires,thefilesremainontheuserscomputer,buttheinstance cannotbeused.Thisway,theusercanrequestanextensiontotheexpirationdate. Ifyouspecifyadaterange,theinstancecanbepoweredonandrunnoearlierorlater thanthestartandenddates.YoucandeployACEinstanceswithexpireddateranges. Youcanalsosetandcustomizeawarningmessagethatappearseachtimeaninstance powersonastheexpirationdateapproaches.Anexpirationmessageappearswhenthe instanceexpiresandtheinstancecannolongerbepoweredon. AstandaloneACEinstancehasthesameexpirationpolicyasallinstancescreatedfrom thecorrespondingACEpackage.Thefixedexpirationdateorthefixeddaterangeis establishedatactivationtime.Eachtimetheuserpowersontheinstance,thedateor daterangeischecked.Expirationchecksarealsoperformedwhiletheinstanceis running.Iftheexpirationisreached,anexpirationmessageappearsandtheinstanceis suspended. WithamanagedACEinstance,theexpirationpolicyworkssimilarlyasforstandalone instances,buttheexpirationpolicyvaluecanbespecifiedforindividualinstances.A validdaterangeforanACEenabledvirtualmachineappliestoeachofitsassociated ACEinstancesuntilaninstanceisindividuallyconfiguredwithitsowndaterange. Afterthatconfiguration,anychangestotheACEenabledvirtualmachinesexpiration policydonotaffecttheinstance.Allexpirationvalues,bothforACEenabledvirtual machinesandforallACEinstances,aredynamic.Thismeansthatafteryouchangethe valueandpublishthepolicyupdatetoACEManagementServer,ACEinstancesgetthe newvaluethenexttimetheycheckforpolicyupdates.
Setting Copy Protection Policies

CopyprotectionpoliciesensurethatanACEinstancerunsonlyfromthelocation whereitwasoriginallyinstalled.IfyoucopyprotectanACEinstance,itsfilescanbe movedorcopied,buttheinstancecannotrunfromthenewlocation. ForstandaloneACEinstances,youcanspecifywhethercopyingandmovingare allowed.FormanagedACEinstances,youcanspecifywhetherbothcopyingand movingareallowedorwhetheronlymovingisallowed.Inthiscase,onlyonecopyof theACEinstanceisallowedtorunatatime.
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IftheusermovesorcopiesacopyprotectedACEinstanceandtriestorunit,anerror messageappears.Itlistsanalphanumericstringthattheusercansendtothesystem administratororhelpdeskassistanttogetthecopyprotectionchanged. Formanagedinstances,youcanalsodynamicallychangethecopyprotectionsettings, switchingthesettingssothatmovedorcopiedinstanceswillrunornotrun.Thismeans thatafteryouchangethevalueandpublishthepolicyupdatetoACEManagement Server,ACEinstancesgetthenewvaluethenexttimetheycheckforpolicyupdates. EveryACEinstancehasacopyprotectionidentifier(CPID)thatcontainsthepathtothe ACEinstanceonthehostfilesystem.ForstandardACEinstances,theCPIDalso containsthesystemsBIOSID.ForPocketACEinstances,theCPIDcontainsthefile systemID.Ifcopyprotectionison,WorkstationcomparesthecurrentCPIDwiththe storedCPID.Iftheydonotmatch,theinstancewasmovedorcopied. ForstandaloneACEinstances,youcansettheCPIDbyusingvmware-acetoolorby sendinghotfixes(onWindowssystems,ifhotfixesareenabled).SeeUsingthe vmwareacetoolCommandLineToolonpage 461andRespondtoHotFixRequests onpage 463. FormanagedACEinstances,theCPIDisstoredontheserverandtheadministratorcan updateit.SeetheACEManagementServerAdministratorsGuide.
Setting Resource Signing Policies

YoucansettheresourcesigningpolicysothatanACEinstancecannotberunif resourcefiles,suchaspolicyscriptsorcustomEULAtextfiles,aretamperedwith. AresourceisconsideredanyfileintheACE Resourcessubdirectoryinthevirtual machinedirectoryontheWorkstationhost.Filesthatareputinthisdirectoryonthe endusersmachinearenotresourcesinthissenseandarenotsignaturechecked. Signaturecheckingisperformedontheendusersmachineatpoweronandthenevery timeascriptisrun.YoucanspecifywhethertoverifyallfilesintheACE Resources directoryorjustthepolicyscriptsinthatdirectory. Ifyouarecreatingapackagethathassubstantialresources,suchaslargefilesorlarge numbersoffiles,signaturecheckingmighttakealongtime.Inthiscase,consider verifyingscriptsonlyornotusingresourcesigning. NOTEIfyousettheencryptionpackagesettingoptionstoNone,anyverification specifiedintheresourcesigningpolicyisnotperformed.Theencryptionpackage settingoverridestheresourcesigningpolicy.SeeEncryptionSettingsonpage 418.
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Setting Network Access Policies

Thenetworkaccessfeatureusesapacketfilteringfirewalltoenableyoutospecify whichmachinesorsubnetsanACEinstanceoritshostsystemmayaccess.Thismeans thatyoucan,forexample,configuretheinstancesothatitisallowedtoconnectonlyto yourVPNserver,whichthencontrolsaccesstootherresources. Youcanalsocustomizethenetworkaccesssettingstofilteronthebasisofnetwork addresses,trafficdirection,protocol,andports.Youcansetthefollowingtypesof networkaccessrestrictiondefinitions: Networkzones NetworkaccessfortheACEinstanceshostmachine(alsoknownashostnetwork access) NetworkaccessforyourACEinstancesguestoperatingsystem(alsoknownas guestnetworkaccess) NetworkaccesspoliciescanbedynamiciftheACEinstanceisassociatedwithanACE ManagementServer.ThismeansthatafteryoupublishapolicyupdatetoACE ManagementServer,ACEinstancesgetthenewpolicythenexttimetheycheckfor policyupdates.YoucanquicklylockACEinstancesoutofallorpartofyournetwork tohelpcombatthespreadofawormorviruswithoutdeployingupdatepackages.See theVMwareACEManagementServerAdministratorsGuide.
Before You Begin Setting Host Policies

Usethefollowingguidelinesasyouplannetworkaccesspolicies: AhostmachineforACEinstancescanhaveonlyonehostpolicyfile.Ifyoutryto installanACEpackagewithahostpolicyfileonamachinethatalreadyhasa differenthostpolicyfile,installationofthenewpackagefails. AhostpolicyisineffectevenwhennoACEinstancesarerunning.Thepolicystarts immediatelyafterinstallationandstartsworkingeverytimethehostsystemboots. Anyrestrictionsonthehostsnetworkaccessalsorestrictnetworkaccessforan ACEinstancethatusesNATnetworking,becausetheNATconnectionisaffected byallthepoliciesyouapplytothehost.Ifyousetuprestrictedhostaccessbyusing theACEruleseteditorandruleseditorratherthantheNetworkAccesswizard, configuretheACEenabledvirtualmachinesvirtualNICstousebridged networking. IfyouaresettingupamanagedACEenabledvirtualmachine,youmustallowthe hosttoaccessACEManagementServer,communicatingthroughTCPoverthe appropriateportthatyouconfigure.
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HostpoliciesdonotapplytoPocketACEinstances.Ifyouspecifyarestrictedhost policyforanACEenabledvirtualmachineandthencreateaPocketACEpackage withthatACEenabledvirtualmachine,thepackageiscreatedbutthehostpolicy isnotincludedinthepackage. Youcannotviewchangestohostpoliciesinthepreviewmode.Ifyouwanttotest theeffectsofsuchchanges,youmustperformatestdeployment.SeeChapter 20, DeployingACEPackages,onpage 417.
Use the Network Access Wizard to Configure Network Access

VMwarerecommendsthatyouusetheNetworkAccesswizardtoconfigurebasic settingsandthenusethezoneeditorandruleseteditortofinetunethesettingsif necessary.TheNetworkAccesswizardisinitiatedwhenyouclickQuickSetup. TheNetworkAccesswizardcreatesorchangesrulesforthefollowingzones: IfyouchoosetheDesktopConfigurationoption,thewizardcreatesanewguest accessrulesetfortheEverywherezone.ThisrulesetrestrictsACEinstanceaccess toyourVPNorotherspecifiednetworkhosts. IfyouchoosetheLaptopConfigurationoption,thewizardcreatesanewinternal zonethatrestrictsthenetworkaddressand,optionally,thedomainonwhichthe ACEinstancecanrun.Itcanalsocreateanewhostaccessrulesetforthiszoneto restrictaccesstotheinternalnetwork.Forexample,youcanspecifyaproxyserver. Finally,youcanconfigurethesameremoteaccessasfortheDesktop Configurationoption. Ifyouusethisoptionandyoudonotmodifyanyofthedefaultsettingsthatthe wizardprovides,thehostisstillallowedtocommunicatewithDNSandDHCP serverssothatthezonedetectionmechanismcanfunctionproperly. To use the Network Access wizard to configure network access 1 2 3 Inthepolicyeditor,selectNetworkAccess. SelectRestrictnetworkaccessoftheACEinstanceand/oritshostandclick Quick Setup. Completethewizard. Dependingonwhichconfigurationtypeyouchoose,anewzonemightbeadded totheNetworkAccesssettingspanel,andnewrulesetsmightappearinthe Host NetworkAccessandGuestNetworkAccesscolumnsinthetable. 4 (Optional)Tovieworeditthezonesorrulsetsyoucreatedwiththewizard,click thezoneorrulesetnameinthetableontheNetworkAccesssettingspanel.
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WhenyouusetheNetworkAccesswizardtocreateaninternalzone,choosingthe LaptopConfigurationoptionenablesyoutospecifythenetworkaddress,domain,and subdomains.IfyouwanttoalsoconfigureDNS,DHCP,WINS,orgatewayservers,use thezoneeditor.SeeGuidelinesforSpecifyingZoneConditionsonpage 387.
Guidelines for Specifying Zone Conditions

Zoneconditionsdescribethecharacteristicsofanetworkzone.Workstationexamines thenetworksthataredirectlyconnectedtonetworkadaptersonthehostcomputerto seeifamatchexistsforallthecriteriaforanyadapterinanyofthezonedefinitions. ThezoneeditorappearswhenyouclickanameintheZonescolumnoftheNetwork Accesspolicypage.Itshowsthefollowingdetailsaboutthezone: Youcanspecifyazonebyusinguptosixconditions: Domain Subnet DNSservers DHCPservers Gatewayservers WINSservers Foramatchtooccur,allspecifiedconditionsmustbemet. Allzoneconditionsexceptthedomainconditionallowuserstospecifyalistof addresses.Thematchismadeifthehostsaddressmatchesanyoftheaddresslist entriesinaspecifiedcondition. Whenthehostconnectstoanetwork,acheckisperformedtodeterminewhetherthe networkmatchestheconditionsforazone.Thecheckingstartswiththetopmostzone inthetableandcontinuesdownthetableuntilamatchismadeortheEverywhereElse zoneisreached.Whenamatchismade,thezonecheckingstopsandfilterrulesforthat zoneareapplied. Therearetradeoffsbetweenusingshorterandlongerlistsofconditions.Ifyouusea longerlist,youminimizethechancesofafalsepositiveresultoramisidentification. Minimizingthechanceofafalsepositiveresultoramisidentificationcanbeimportant ifyouareprovidinganACEpackagetosomeonewhoconnectsahostcomputerto multiplenetworksatdifferenttimes.Ifoneoftheothernetworksmatchesthe characteristicsyoudefineinthezonedefinition,thehostandinstanceaccesspolicies areapplied,evenifthehostisnotconnectedtoyournetwork.
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Insomecases,however,usingalongerlistmightalsoincreasethelikelihoodthatauser couldcircumventthedetectionmechanism.Forexample,suchanerrormightbemade ifyouswitchthehosttouseastaticIPaddressinsteadofDHCPandconfigurethehost withonlyasubsetofthecharacteristicsdefinedforyourzone,suchasonlynetwork address,ornetworkaddressandDNSserverinformation. Alsoconsiderthattheaddressesornamesofcertainserverscanchangeovertime. Such changescanalsointroducedetectionissues. Usingasmallersetofinformationinazonedescription,suchasonlythenetwork addressandthesubnetmask,issafer.Thedisadvantageisthatitincreasesthechance thatafalsepositiveormisidentificationcanoccur.Suchfalsepositivesareespecially likelyifyournetworkisusingacommonnetblock,suchas10/8,172.16/12,or 192.168/16,thatisalsousedbyothernetworks.
Descriptions of the Zone Condition Settings

Eachzonedescriptionmustcontainoneormoreofthefollowingsettingoptions describingtheconditionsofthezone: DomainSpecifiesthedomainnameofthenetwork,suchasmycompany.com. Enteronlyonedomainname.ThevalueofAllowsubdomainsofthisdomain governstheinterpretationofthisoption. AllowsubdomainsofthisdomainModifiestheDomainoption.Itspecifies whether,fortheDomainzoneconditiontobemet,adomainnamemustexactly matchthedomainnamespecifiedintheDomainboxorwhetheramatchofthe domainnameismadeanytimethestringcontains<domain_name>.Forexample, ifthisoptionisselected,corp.mycompany.comisconsideredamatchfor mycompany.com.Ifthisoptionisnotselected,corp.mycompany.comisnot consideredamatchformycompany.com. NetworkaddressSpecifiesanIPaddressorsubnetrangethatthenetworkuses. Thevalueof<subnet>,ifyouincludeasubnetrange,mustbethenumberofbits inthenetmask.Anetworkadaptermatchesthisconditionifitisusingan IP addressthatlieswithinanyofthespecifiedranges. DNSserversSpecifiesoneormoreIPaddressesorhostnamesforDNSservers onthenetwork.Anetworkadaptermatchesthisconditionifitisusingatleastone oftheseservers. IfthevalueoftheMatchatleastoptionisgreaterthan1,thehostmustbeusing thespecifiednumberofDNSserversonthelistbeforeanetworkadapteris consideredtobeonthedefinednetwork.
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BecausemultiplemethodsexistforassigningDNSdomainnamestoaLinuxhost, usingjusttheDNSdomainnametodefineazonecanbeerrorprone.Todefinea zoneforaLinuxhost,usecriteriainadditiontotheDNSdomainnames. DHCPserversSpecifiesoneormoreIPaddressesorhostnamesforDHCP serversonthenetwork.Anetworkadaptermatchesthisconditionifitisusingat leastoneoftheseservers. GatewayserversSpecifiesoneormoreIPaddressesorhostnamesfordefault gatewaysonthenetwork.Anetworkadaptermatchesthisconditionifitisusing atleastoneofthesegateways. WINSserversSpecifiesoneormoreIPaddressesorhostnamesforWINSservers onthenetwork.Anetworkadaptermatchesthisconditionifitisusingatleastone oftheseservers.LinuxhostsignoreWINSserversettingsduringzonedetection. IfthevalueoftheMatchatleastoptionisgreaterthan1,thehostmustbeusing thespecifiednumberofWINSserversonthelistbeforeanetworkadapteris consideredtobeonthedefinednetwork.
Add or Edit a Network Zone

Usethezoneeditortoconfigurethenetworkaddress,domain,DNS,DHCP,WINS,or gatewayserversthatanACEinstancecanusefornetworkconnections. Beforeyouopenthezoneeditor,determinewhatcriteriatouseforconnectingto internalandexternalnetworks.SeeGuidelinesforSpecifyingZoneConditionson page 387andDescriptionsoftheZoneConditionSettingsonpage 388. To add or edit a network zone 1 Inthepolicyeditor,selectNetworkAccessanddooneofthefollowing: Toaddazone,clickAddZoneandclicktheNewZoneentrythatappearsin thetable. Toeditazone,clickthenameofthezoneintheZonescolumnofthetable. 2 CompletethefieldsinthezoneeditorthatappearsandclickOK.
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Using the Ruleset Editor to Configure Host and Guest Access

EachaccesssettingfortheACEinstanceshostmachineandfortheACEinstances guestsystemisbasedonasetofaccessrules.WheneveryouusetheNetworkAccess wizard,adefaultrulesetisusedforhostandguestnetworkaccess.Youcanusethe ruleseteditortochangetheparametersofthoserules. NetworkaccesspoliciesareappliedbyfilteringontheIPaddress,theprotocolnumber fromtheIPheader,thedirectionoftraffic,andTCPandUDPportvalues.Thefiltering doesnotinvolvedeeppacketinspection.ForDNSandDHCPaccess,theTCPandUDP portsonwhichthoseservicestraditionallyresideareopened. Notethefollowingaspectsofthefilteringactions: Ifyoumoveyourservicestodifferentports,thenetworkaccessrulesforthose servicesnolongerwork. Thehostorinstanceisopentoalltrafficontheseprotocolsandports. TounderstandtheparticularsofhowtrafficisbeingblockedorallowedforDNS, DHCP,andICMPprotocolsandports,seetherulesdisplayedintheruleseteditor.
Add or Edit Rulesets and Rules for Network Access

Therulesintheruleseteditorarelistedintheorderinwhichtheyaretobeevaluated. Whenanetworktrafficpacketarrivesoristobesentfromthehostorguest,itis comparedwitheachruleintheruleset,inorderfromthetopdown.Ifthefollowing packetsettingsmatchtheruleconditions,thepacketisallowedorblockedaccordingto therulesaction: Sourceaddressforincomingpackets Destinationaddressforoutgoingpackets,protocol,andports Thepacketiscomparedtoeachruleinorderuntilitmatchesaruleoritwascompared withalloftherules.Whenamatchismade,thepackettorulecomparisonends. The packetisnotcomparedtosubsequentrulesintheorderedlist.Ifitwascompared toallruleswithoutamatch,thedefaultruleactionisapplied.
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To add and edit rulesets and rules for network access 1 Inthepolicyeditor,selectNetworkAccessandclickthelinkinthetablecolumn thatappliestotheaccesssettingtoedit. TheZoneandAccessTypeinformationjustbelowtheRulesetNametextbox showsthenameofthezoneandwhethertheaccesssettingappliestohostnetwork accessortothenetworkaccessforACEinstances(guestaccess). 2 Usetheruleseteditortochangetheorderofrulesintheset,editrules,andspecify whetherthehostorguestisallowedtouseDNS,DHCP,orICMP. Bydefault,DNS,DHCP,andICMPareincludedinthenetworkaccesssetupfor bothhostandinstanceaccess.VMwarerecommendsthatyoukeepDHCPand DNSselectedbecausetheyareimportantforzonedetection. WhetherthefollowingsettingsapplytothehostortotheACEinstance(guest access)dependsonwhetheryouareeditingahostnetworkaccessrulesetora guestnetworkaccessruleset: DNSAllowstheguestorhosttouseaDNSservertoresolveIPaddresses. SelectthisoptioniftheDNSserverisnotincludedinanyothernetworkaccess settingforthishostorACEinstance. DHCPAllowsthehostorguesttoobtainitsIPaddressfromaDHCPserver. SelectthisoptioniftheDHCPserverisnotincludedinanyothernetwork accesssettingforthehostorACEinstance. ICMPEnablesyoutousethepingcommand.Forguests,pingenablesyou tochecknetworkconnectivitytoandfromtheACEinstance.Forhosts,it enablesyoutochecknetworkconnectivitywithotherhostsinthenetwork andwiththeACEinstance. 3 (Optional)Toaddoreditarule,dooneofthefollowing: Tochangeaspecificrulessettings,clicktherowforthatruleinthetableinthe ruleseteditorandclickEdit. Toaddarule,clickAdd.
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(Optional)UsetheRuleEditordialogboxtospecifythetypeoftraffic,whetherto blockorallowtrafficfromspecifiednetworklocations,theprotocol,andportsor portranges. AddressesToeditanexistinghostnameoraddress,doubleclickthatitem andeditit.ThewildcardsettingforallIPaddressesis0.0.0.0/0. ProtocolToalloworblockcommunicationforaspecificprotocol,select CustomfromtheProtocollist.Theprotocolnumberisinthepacket.Ifthat numbermatchesthenumbersuppliedintheCustomfield,thepacketis allowedorblockedastherulespecifies.Theprotocolnumberisusedinthe protocolfieldofIPv4packets. Foralistofprotocolnumbers,seetheInternetAssignedNumbers Authority (IANA)organizationsWebsite.Mostprotocolnumbersare permanentlyassigned. RemotePortsandLocalPortsIfyouareusingeitherTCPorUDPandwant toqualifytherulewithspecificportnumbersforthistypeoftraffic,typethe portnumbersorportnumberranges. Thewildcardportsettingis(doublequotationmarks). Usuallyyouspecifyfilteringoneitherlocalorremoteports,notboth,because bothspecificationshavetomatchfortheruletobeapplied.(DHCPrepresents anexceptiontothisgeneralrule.) Thelocalportisthesourceportforoutgoingpacketsandthedestinationport forincomingpackets.Typicallyyouspecifyalocalportwhenthehostorguest isbeingusedasaserverobtainingremoteconnectionsonsomeport. Theremoteportisthesourceportforincomingpacketsandthedestination portforoutgoingpackets.Typicallyyouspecifyaremoteportwhenthehost orguestisaclientandiscontactingaremoteserveronsomeport.
Change NAT Settings

YoucanusetheNATfeatureofthenetworkaccesspolicytospecifytheIPaddress rangeforthevirtualnetworkVMnet8ontheACEinstanceshostsystem.Youdeploy thisnetworkpropertiessettingwiththeACEpackage. CAUTIONIfyousetthisproperty,thesettingaffectsalloftheACEinstancesandvirtual machinesonthisinstanceshostsystem.
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To change NAT settings 1 2 3 4 5 Inthepolicyeditor,selectNetworkAccess. ClickHostVirtualNetworkonthepolicypage. IntheNATsectionofthedialogbox,selectAssignIPaddressesfromthissubnet. TypethesubnetIPaddresstouse,enterzero(0)asthelastbyteintheaddress,and clickOK. CreateanACEpackageanddeploythepackage. TheNATsettingisnotadynamicpolicysetting.Thismeansthatsimplypublishing apolicyupdatetoACEManagementServerdoesnotcauseACEinstancestochange NATsettings.YoucanchangethesettingforadeployedACEinstanceonlyby changingitinthepolicyandthencreatinganddeployinganewACEpackage.
Configure Which Physical Network Adapter to Use

Ifthehostislikelytohavemultiplenetworkadapters,youcanspecifywhichonetouse forabridgednetworkconnection.Forexample,youcanspecifythatonlythewireless adapteroronlyaVPNistobeused. CAUTIONIfyousetthisproperty,thesettingaffectsalloftheACEinstancesandvirtual machinesonthisinstanceshostsystem. To configure which physical network adapter to use 1 2 3 4 Inthepolicyeditor,selectNetworkAccess. ClickHostVirtualNetworkonthepolicypage. SelectoneoftheradiobuttonsintheAutomaticBridgingsection. IfyouselectDevicename,alsoenterpartorallofthedevicename. Forexample,ifdevicenameofthelocalareaconnectionisBroadcomNetXtreme 57xxGigabitController#2,youmightenterBroadcomorbroadcom netxtreme. OnWindowshosts,todeterminethedevicename,gototheNetworkConnections itemintheControlPanel. 5 6 ClickOK. CreateanACEpackageanddeploythepackage. Thisautomaticbridgingsettingisahostpolicy,whichmeansthatyoucanchange thesettingforadeployedACEinstanceonlybychangingitinthepolicyandthen creatinganddeployinganewACEpackage
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Understanding the Interaction of Host and Guest Access Filters with Tunneling Protocols
Hostandguestaccessfilterscandifferintheirinteractionswithtunnelingprotocols. Ahostnetworkaccessfilterseestrafficbeforepacketsareencapsulatedinthetunneling protocol(forexample,VPN).Aguestnetworkaccessfilterseestrafficafterthepackets areencapsulatedinthetunnelingprotocol. Becauseofthisguestaccessfilterbehavior,ausermightbeabletocircumventguest accessrestrictionsbyusingtunnelingprotocolsorproxies.
Updating a Network Access Policy

Youmustcreateanddeployanewpackageinorderforthehostpolicytotakeeffect. IfyouuseamanagedACEenabledvirtualmachinetocreatepackagesthatdonotcontain ahostpolicyandlateredittheACEenabledvirtualmachinesnetworkaccesspolicyto includeahostpolicyandpublishthechange,instancescreatedfrompackagesofthat ACEenabledvirtualmachinedonothaveahostpolicyapplied.Awarningappearson thenetworkaccesspolicypageifyouattempttoapplyahostpolicyinthisway. Youcanpackagejustthehostpolicyinacustompackage,keepingthepackagesizesmall.
Setting Removable Devices Policies

Removabledevicespoliciesallowyoutocontrolwhetheruserscanconnectand disconnectremovabledevicesfromtheirACEinstances. AremovabledevicespolicyisappliedtoanACEenabledvirtualmachineandaffects allusersofallinstancescreatedfromthatACEenabledvirtualmachine. WhenyouselectRemovableDevicesinthepolicyeditor,allremovabledevicetypes forthisACEenabledvirtualmachinearedisplayedinalist.Youcanspecifywhich devicestoallowenduserstoaccess.
Setting USB Device Policies

YoucansetUSBdevicepoliciestorestricttheACEusersaccesstoUSBdevices.The policiesaredynamic.ThismeansthatyoucanchangethesettingsondeployedACE instancesbypublishingapolicyupdatetoACEManagementServer.
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Access Levels for USB Devices

Youcansetrestrictionsatvariouslevelsofspecificity,andyoucanmixlevelsof restrictioninapolicysetting.Thelevelsofrestrictionare: SpecificUSBdeviceForexample,allowuseofaspecifictypeofdigitalcamera butdisallowuseofiPodmobiledigitaldevices. Ifaruleexistsforaspecificdevice,thatruleoverridesanyrulessetfordevice classesinwhichthedevicebelongs. AllentriesinthelistofspecificUSBdevicesaremaintainedinadevicedatabase thatisincludedwiththefilesforthisACEenabledvirtualmachine.Youcancopy andsharethedatabase.Itisnotwriteprotected.Thedefaultlocationforthefileis:
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\VMware Workstation\usbhistory.ini
DeviceclassForexample,allowuseofhumaninputdevices(HIDs),suchasmice andkeyboards,butdisallowuseofcommunicationsdevices,suchasmodemsand cellphones. Ifnospecificdeviceruleexistsforadeviceandmorethanonedeviceclassrule appliestothatdevice,themostrestrictiveruleisapplied.Forexample,adevice mightincludebothafaxfunctionandaprintfunctionandthereforecanbelongto morethanoneclass.Ifoneruleblocksafaxdevicebutanotherruleallowsaprint device,thecombinationfaxandprintdeviceisblocked. AllUSBdevicesAllowordenyaccesstoallconnectedUSBdevices.Deviceclass rulesandspecificdevicerulesoverridegeneralaccessrules.
Set an Access Policy for USB Devices

YoumightwanttosetapolicythatpreventsendusersfromconnectingsuchUSB devicesasmassstoragedevices,printers,ormodemstotheACEinstance. Beforeyouusethepolicyeditor,determineastrategyforsettingthepolicy.Ifyouwant arestrictedenvironment,youcanplantogenerallyblockaccesstoallUSBdevicesand thenspecifyexactlywhichclassesorspecificdevicestoallow.SeeAccessLevelsfor USBDevicesonpage 395. To set an access policy for USB devices 1 2 Inthepolicyeditor,selectUSBDevices. UsetheGeneralaccesstoallUSBdevicesradiobuttonstospecifywhetherto alloworblockgeneralaccesstoUSBdevices.
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TospecifyaUSBpolicybydeviceclass: a IfthedevicedoesnotappearintheAccesstospecifictypesofUSBdevices list,clickAdd,selectthedeviceintheUSBDeviceClassesdialogbox,andclick OK. YoucanCtrlclickandShiftclickitemstoselectmorethanoneclass. b UsetheAllowandBlockcheckboxesintheAccesstospecifictypesofUSB deviceslisttospecifytheruleforeachdeviceinthelist.
TospecifyaUSBpolicybyspecificdevice: a IfthedevicedoesnotappearintheAccesstoindividualUSBdevicemodels list,clickAdd,selectthedeviceintheUSBDeviceListdialogbox,andclick OK. IfthedevicedoesnotappearintheUSBDeviceListdialogbox,dooneofthe following: ConnectthedevicetothehostandclickRefresh. DeterminethedevicesvendorID(VID)andproductID(PID)andclick ManualAddtoentertheinformation.Thisinformationisavailablefrom theWindowsDeviceManagerwhenyouconnecttheUSBdevicetoa Windowscomputer. b c UsetheAllowandBlockcheckboxesintheAccesstoindividualUSBdevice modelslisttospecifytheruleforeachdeviceinthelist. (Optional)Tochangetheinformationforadevice,clickRemoveandaddthe deviceagainwiththenewinformation.
ClickOKinthepolicyeditor.
Setting Virtual Printer Policies

VMwareACEincludesavirtualprinterthatallowsuserstoprinttoanyprinter availabletothehostcomputerwithoutinstallingadditionaldriversinthevirtual machine. ThevirtualprinterfeatureisavailableforACEinstancesrunningwiththeseWindows hostandguestoperatingsystems: HostWindows2000,XP,2003,orVista,32bitonly GuestWindows2000,XP,2003,Vista(32and64bit),RedHatEnterpriseLinux 4(32bitonly),Ubuntu,andSUSE
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Afteryouenablethevirtualprinterpolicy,aserialportisaddedtothevirtualmachine. ThisserialportappearsontheHardwaretabofthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,with thesummaryUsedbyVirtualPrinter.Youcannotaddorremovethisserialportby usingthevirtualmachinesettingseditor.Toaddorremoveit,youmustenableor disabletheoptioninthevirtualprinterpolicy. NOTEIftheACEenabledvirtualmachinealreadyhasfourserialports,youcannot addanotherserialportforthevirtualprinter.Toenablethevirtualprinter,deletean existingserialport. AfterendusersinstalltheACEinstance,theycanusetheVMwarePlayer>Virtual Printersmenucommandtospecifywhichprintersfromthehostareavailabletothe guest.IfendusersonWindowshostshaveproblems,makesuretheTPAutoConnect ServiceWindowsserviceisstarted.
Setting Runtime Preferences Policies

YoucansetoptionsontheRuntimePreferencespolicypagetospecifywhich Workstationruntimeattributestheusercanchoose.
Runtime Preferences Settings

Usethefollowinginformationtodecidewhichfeaturestoenable: AlwaysruninfullscreenVMwarePlayerfillsthefullscreenwhenitstarts, hidingthehostoperatingsystem.Youmightfindthisuseful,forexample,toavoid confusionaboutthedifferencesbetweenthehostsystemenvironmentandthatof theACEinstance. Userscanreturntothehostoperatingsystembyclickingtheminimizebuttonon thetoolbar.Ifthemousepointerisnotavailable,pressingCtrl+Altminimizesthe display. AlwayshidethefullscreentoolbarEnduserscannotdisplaythetoolbarthat usuallyappearsatthetopofthescreenwheninfullscreenmode. AlwaysruninapplianceviewTheACEinstanceopensinapplianceviewand theusercannotchangetoconsoleview. Tousethissetting,youmustalsoenableapplianceviewforthevirtualmachine. SeeConfiguretheApplianceViewforaVirtualMachineonpage 170.Ifyou attempttousethispolicywithoutenablingapplianceview,anerrormessage appearswhentheuserattemptstostarttheACEinstance.
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AllowuserstomodifythememoryallocationTheChangeMemoryAllocation commandwillappearintheVMwarePlayer>TroubleshootmenuofVMware Player. ReducevirtualmachinememorysizeifneededwhenpoweringonThevirtual machinepowersoneveniftheamountofavailablememoryislessthantheamount configuredforthevirtualmachine.Ifyoudonotusethisfeatureandtherequired amountofmemoryisnotavailable,usersneedtomodifythememoryallocationto poweronthevirtualmachine.
Enhanced Virtual Keyboard Settings

Usethefollowinginformationtodecidewhichfeaturestoenable: RequireenhancedvirtualkeyboardforsecureinputThissettingappliesonlyto WindowshostsrunningWindowsguests.Thisfeatureprovidesbetterhandlingof internationalkeyboardsandkeyboardswithextrakeys.Italsoprovidessecurity improvementsbecauseitprocessesrawkeyboardinputassoonaspossible, bypassingWindowskeystrokeprocessingandanymalwarethatisnotalreadyat alowerlayer. IfanACEinstanceusesthisfeature,whenenduserspressCtrl+Alt+Delete,the guestsystemonly,ratherthanbothguestandhost,respondstothecommand. Beforeyoucreatearuntimepolicyforthisfeature,turnontheenhancedkeyboard filterwiththevirtualmachinesettingseditor.SeeUsetheEnhancedVirtual KeyboardforWindowsHostsonpage 323. WhentheACEinstanceisinstalledandtheguestoperatingsystemstartsforthe firsttime,aspecialkeyboardfilterdriverisinstalledonthehost.Afterinstallation, theendusermustrestartthehostcomputer.Keyboardfilteringisthenenabled. WhenasuspectedkeyloggerisdetectedKeystrokeloggingisamethodof recordinguserkeystrokes,includingdetermininguserpasswords.VMwareACE nowincludesafeaturethatcandetect(butnotdisable)keyloggers. IfyouselectAskuser,enduserscanexitorcontinueusingthevirtualmachineand onlylogthatthekeyloggerwasdetected.Ifyouallowenduserstocontinueusing thevirtualmachinewhenakeyloggerisdetected,thekeyloggerstillrecordsthe userskeystrokes.Toavoidthispossibility,selectExit.
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Exit Behavior Settings

Usethefollowinginformationtodecidewhichfeaturestoenable: WhenclosinganonPocketACEinstanceIfyouselectUserPreference,theuser hasaccesstoSuspendandPoweroffinthePreferencesdialogboxinVMware Player(VMwarePlayer>Preferences).Ifyouselectoneoftheotherchoices,the endusersvirtualmachineissuspendedorpoweredoffwhentheuserchooses VMwarePlayer>ExitorclicksthecloseboxinVMwarePlayer. WhenclosingaPocketACEinstanceIfyouselectUserPreference,theuserhas accesstoGomobileandAsktogomobileorstayconnectedtothecomputerin thePreferencesdialogboxinVMwarePlayer(VMwarePlayer>Preferences). AlwaysGoThevirtualmachineispoweredoffandsynchronizedtothe host.Aftersynchronization,theusercanunplugtheUSBdeviceanduseitin anothermachine. AlwaysStayTheuserwantstoexitVMwarePlayerbutdoesnotwanttounplug thedevice.Thevirtualmachineissuspendedandnosynchronizationoccurs. AlwaysDiscardTheuserwantstoexitVMwarePlayerbutdoesnotwantto synchronize.Allchangesarelost. AllowuserstomanuallypowerofforresetthevirtualmachineTheResetand PoweroffandExitcommandswillappearintheVMwarePlayer>Troubleshoot menu.Ifyoudonotselectthisoption,theusermustexitVMwarePlayertopower offorsuspendtheACEinstance.
Pocket ACE Cache Settings

Forperformancereasons,whenyouusePocketACE,filesfromtheUSBdeviceare cachedasneededonthehost.WhenyouarefinishedusingthePocketACE,you synchronizechangessothattheupdatedfilesarewrittentotheUSBdevice. Youcandisablethiscachingifyoudonothaveenoughdiskspaceonthehost.For example,ifthevirtualdiskonthePocketACEhas8GB,youmightpotentiallyneed8 GBofdiskspaceonthehostforcaching.Youcanalsodisablecachingforsecurity reasonsifyoudonotwanttocreateacacheonthehost. Ifyoudisablecaching,theexitbehaviorintheWhenclosingaPocketACEinstancelist changestoAlwaysGobutsynchronizationdoesnotoccurbecauseitisnotnecessary.
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Setting Snapshot Policies

Youcansetpolicyoptionsfortwotypesofsnapshots: ReimagesnapshotsAtinstallationtime,asnapshotistakenafterallofthe requiredinstancesetupstepsarecomplete,including,ifapplicable,encryption, instancecustomization,anddomainjoin.Thesnapshotistakenbeforethevirtual machinerunsforthefirsttime. NOTEManuallydisabletheautomaticreimagesnapshotbyeditingthe ACEenabledvirtualmachinesaceMaster.datfile.Editthe packaging.takeReimageSnapshot option. ReimagesnapshotsallowtheACEadministrator,ortheuseriftheadministrator enablesreimagesnapshotoptionsfortheuser,toreverttheACEinstancetoits knowngoodstartingstateortotheknowngoodupdatedreimagestate. Ifyouenablereimagesnapshotoptions,commandsfortheoptionsappearinthe VMwarePlayer>Troubleshootmenu. Ifyouchoosenottoenablethereimagesnapshotoptionsfortheuser,youcan replacethereimagesnapshotorreverttoitontheusersmachinebyproviding administratormodeaccessthroughtheAdministratorModepolicy.SeeSetting AdministratorModePoliciesonpage 401. UsersnapshotsYoucanenableuserstotakeasnapshotoftheACEinstance eitherwhentheinstanceisrunningorimmediatelyafterpoweringitoff.Youcan alsoenablethemtodeletethatusersnapshot. Usersnapshotsenabletheusertoreturnthevirtualmachinetoaknownstable state.Usersnapshotscanbetaken,revertedto,anddeletedwithoutaffectingthe reimagesnapshot.Onlyoneusersnapshotcanbesavedatatime. Ifyouenableusersnapshotoptions,commandsfortheoptionsappearinthe VMwarePlayer>Snapshotmenu. NOTEYoucannottakesnapshotsofaPocketACEinstance.FormoreaboutPocket ACEs,seeChapter 21,PocketACE,onpage 439.
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Setting Administrator Mode Policies

Youcanusetheadministratormodepolicytosetanadministrativepasswordsothat youcandoanyofthefollowing: RuntheACEinstanceontheusersmachineandenteradministratormodeto accessthevirtualmachinesettingsandmakechangestotheinstances configuration(onWindowssystemsonly).Youcanonlyeditthesettings.You cannotaddorremovevirtualhardwaredevices. RuntheACEinstanceontheusersmachineandenteradministrativemodeto accessallthesnapshotcommands.SeeSettingSnapshotPoliciesonpage 400. Usethevmware-acetoolcommandlineprogramonanACEuserssystemtofix alimitedsetofproblemsforstandaloneACEinstances.
Use Administrator Mode on an ACE Instance

Usingadministratormodeonanendusersvirtualmachineenablesyouto troubleshootandaccessfeaturesandcommandsthatmightnotbeavailabletotheend user. To use administrator mode on an ACE instance 1 2 3 StartVMwarePlayerontheendusersmachineandchooseVMwarePlayer> Troubleshoot>EnterAdministratorMode. Enterthepasswordforadministratoraccess. Choosetheappropriatecommandsasfollows: Toeditvirtualmachinesettingsfromtheusersmachine,chooseVMware Player>Troubleshoot>VirtualMachineSettings.Thiscommandis availableonlyonWindowshosts. Tousetheusersnapshotcommands,chooseVMwarePlayer>Snapshot. Tousethereimagesnapshotcommands,chooseVMwarePlayer> Troubleshoot>ReverttoReimageSnapshot. TousetheACETools,seeUsingthevmwareacetoolCommandLineTool onpage 461. 4 Whenyoufinishchangingvirtualmachinesettingsorusingthesnapshot commands,chooseVMwarePlayer>Troubleshoot>ExitAdministratorMode.
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Setting Kiosk Mode Policies

WhenanACEinstancerunsinkioskmode,theusercannotaccessthehostsystemat all.Forexample,theusercannotshutdownthehostmachine.Thevirtualmachineruns infullscreenmodeanddoesnotdisplaytheACEmenubarorACEPlayeronlinehelp. IfanACEinstancehasthekioskmodepolicyturnedon,bydefault,amessageappears atstartuptoprovidethefollowinginformation: Warnstheuserthatthevirtualmachineisabouttogointokioskmode. Tellstheuserwhichkeycombinationtousetoexitkioskmode.Thedefaultisthe hotkeycombinationforungrabbinginputfromavirtualmachine(oftenCtrl+Alt). SeeChangetheKeyCombinationforExitingKioskModeonpage 402. Ifthepolicyincludesanadministratorpassword,tellstheuserthathostaccessis availableonlyiftheuserentersthepasswordafterpressingthekeycombination toexitkioskmode. Whenauserexitskioskmode,thevirtualmachineispoweredofforsuspended, accordingtotheruntimepreferencepolicyforexitbehavior.PocketACEinstancesare poweredoffandsynchronized.Whenthevirtualmachineispoweredoff,theACE Playerpromptstheusertoexitkioskmode. OnLinuxhosts,youmustsetsomeadditionalpropertiesafterinstallingtheACE instance.SeePrepareaLinuxHostforRunninginKioskModeonpage 454. Forinformationaboutstartupoptionsforkioskmode,seeChangeDefaultKiosk ModeStartupBehavioronpage 457andUseMultipleVirtualMachinesinKiosk Modeonpage 458.
Change the Key Combination for Exiting Kiosk Mode

YoucanuseCtrl,Alt,Shift,theWindowskey,oracombinationofthesekeyswitha regularkey. To change the key combination for exiting kiosk mode 1 2 3 Inthepolicyeditor,selectKioskMode. SelectAlwaysruninkioskmodeandselectCustomhotkeytoexitkioskmode. ClickintheTypehotkeyherefieldandpressakeycombination. Forexample,pressAlt+XratherthantypingthecharactersAlt+X.
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Setting Hot-Fix Policies for Standalone ACE Instances

ThispolicyenablesusersofstandaloneACEinstancestorequesthotfixesiftheylose orforgettheACEpassword,trytorunanexpiredACEinstance,ormovea copyprotectedACEinstancetoanewlocation. ToaddressthesetypesofproblemsformanagedratherthanstandaloneACEinstances, usetheVMwareHelpDeskWebapplicationortheinstanceviewinWorkstation.For moreinformation,seetheACEManagementServerAdministratorsGuide. Thehotfixrequestisafilethattheusermustsubmittoanadministratorforaction.You configurewhethertheusersubmitsthefiletoanadministratormanuallyorthrough emailgeneratedbytheHotFixRequestwizard. Forautomaticallygeneratedemail,theHotFixRequestwizardontheuserscomputer attemptstouseaMAPIemailclientonthehostoperatingsystem.Thehotfixrequest fileisincludedasanattachmenttotheemailmessage.Themessageusestheemail addressandsubjectlinethatyouspecify. Ifyouchooseemailandtheautomaticsubmissionfails,theHotFixRequestwizard allowstheusertosavethehotfixrequestasafile.Theusermustthensendthefileto anadministratormanually. TheadministratorusesWorkstationtorespondtohotfixrequests.SeeRespondto HotFixRequestsonpage 463.
Setting the Policy Update Frequency for Managed ACE Instances

ThispolicycontrolshowoftenanACEinstanceconnectstoACEManagementServer todownloadpolicyupdateswhileitisrunning.Italsocontrolshowlongamanaged ACEinstancecanbeusedifitcannotconnecttoACEManagementServer. ThispolicyappliesonlytomanagedACEinstances.Todeploypolicyupdatesfor standaloneACEinstances,youmustcreatepolicyupdatepackages.Policychangesare appliedwhentheinstanceisstartedaftertheupdatepackageisinstalled. Thesettingsforofflineusageincludetextforwarningandtimeoutmessages.Youcan customizemessagesbyaddingtexttothem.Youcannotedittheexistingstandardtext exceptbyusingthecontrolsonthepaneltochangethenumberofminutes,hours,or daysshown.
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Policyupdatestakeeffectwhiletheinstanceisrunning,withthefollowingexceptions: Updatestoaccesscontrolpolicies,whichincludeuserandgrouplists,passwords, andscripts,takeeffectthenexttimetheinstanceispoweredon. Updatestopolicyupdatefrequencypolicies,ifsettoOnlywhentheACEinstance powerson,takeeffectthenexttimetheinstanceispoweredon.
Control Which ACE Instances Run on a Host

Youcansetrestrictionssuchasthefollowing: SpecifywhethervirtualmachinesthatarenotACEinstancescanrunonthe machine.Thisisahostwidepolicy,whichrequiresanadministratortoinstallthe package. SpecifythatonlyACEinstanceswithaspecificcreatorIDcanrunonthemachine. YoucancontrolwhichvirtualmachinesandACEinstancescanberunonahostby editingtheaceMaster.datfileinthevirtualmachinedirectory. Beforeyoubegin,ifyouplantorunmultipleACEinstancesontheendusersmachine, determinewhichACEenabledvirtualmachineyouwanttouseforsettinghostwide policies. To control which ACE instances run on a host 1 2 OntheadministratormachinewhereWorkstationisinstalled,poweroffandclose theACEenabledvirtualmachine. UseatexteditortoopentheaceMaster.datfilefortheACEenabledvirtual machine. Thisfileislocatedinthesamedirectoryastheconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)forthe ACEenabledvirtualmachine. 3 4 (Optional)TospecifythatnonACEvirtualmachinescannotrunonthehost,find theallowVMspropertyandchangeitfrom1to0. FindtherequiredCreatorIDpropertyandsetittoanidentifier. Forexample,tosettherequiredcreatorIDtocreator1,editthelineasfollows:
requiredCreatorID = "creator1"
YousetrequiredCreatorIDonceforeachhost.Youdonotneedtosetthis propertyonotherACEinstancesthatrunonthesamehost. Thisisahostwidepolicy,whichrequiresanadministratortoinstallthepackage.
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FindthecreatorIDpropertyandsetittothesameidentifier. Forexample,tosetthecreatorIDtocreator1,editthelineasfollows:
creatorID = "creator1"
OnlyACEinstanceswiththiscreatorIDcanrunonthesamehost. TheIDstringisinplaintextintheaceMaster.datfileontheadministrators machine,butitishiddeninthepolicyfile. IfyoupublishthepolicysetofanACEinstanceto requiredCreator=yourPolicySettingandinstallitonahost,onlyyou(or otherswithaccesstotheadministratorfiles)knowwhatthecreatorIDis.Without knowingtherequiredCreatorpolicysetting,youcannotcreateyourownACE instancethatcanrunonthehost. 6 Dooneofthefollowing: IfyouarecreatinganewACEinstance,createapackageforthisACEenabled virtualmachineandinstallitontheendusershost. IfyouarecreatinganupdateforastandaloneACEinstance,createanupdate package. IfyouarecreatinganupdateforamanagedACEinstance,openthevirtual machineandpublishthechangestoACEManagementServer. ChangestotheallowVMspropertyortherequiredCreatorIDpropertyrepresent changestohostwidepolicies.Packagesthatincludethesehostpoliciesrequire administratorprivilegestoinstall. 7 (Optional)IfyouplantorunmultipleACEinstancesontheendusersmachine,do thefollowing: a EdittheaceMaster.datfilefortheotherACEenabledvirtualmachinesand setthecreatorIDpropertytothesamevaluethatyouusedinStep 5. SetonlythecreatorIDpropertyandnottherequiredCreatorIDproperty fortheseothervirtualmachines. b RepeatStep 6.
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Writing Plug-In Policy Scripts

YoucanwritescriptstocontrolcertainpoliciesinVMwarePlayer.Youmayuseany languagethatissupportedontheuserscomputer. Forsecurityreasons,scriptsmustbedeployedaspartofapackageandinstalledbythe packageinstaller.Userscannotmodifythesescripts. Whenscriptsrun,theymustwritetheappropriatevaluestotheStdOut file.Outputto theStdOutfilemightbeupto4096byteslong. PlaceanyscriptsyouwanttouseforapackageintheACE Resourcesdirectoryinthe virtualmachinedirectory.DonotplacetheminasubdirectoryoftheACE Resources directory.Ifthescriptsneedanyadditionalresourcefiles,placethosefilesinthemain ACE Resourcesdirectory.Makesurethescriptusesrelativepathstoreferencethose resources. ScriptscanalsowritemessagestotheStdErrfile.OutputtotheStdErrfilemaybeup to4096byteslong.AnymessagesgeneratedontheStdErrfilearecapturedinthelog fileontheendusersmachineatthefollowinglocation:
<UserAppData>\VMware\VMware ACE\<package_name>\Virtual Machines\<VM_name>\vmware.log
Theexitcodeofascriptindicateswhetherthescriptsucceededorfailed. Table 191describestheenvironmentvariablessetinthescriptexecutionenvironment. Table 19-1. Environment Variables

Variable VMWARE_MASTER_ID VMWARE_PACKAGE_ID VMWARE_INSTANCE_ID Description TheIDoftheACEenabledvirtualmachine(ACEmaster). TheIDofthepackagethevirtualmachinewasinstantiated from. ABooleanvaluethatissettoTRUEthefirsttimethevirtual machineispoweredon.Otherwise,itissettoFALSE.
AllscriptsruneachtimetheenduserstartsVMwarePlayerorresetsthevirtual machine.Somemightrunmoreoften.Forexample,anexpirationscriptisrunevery24 hours. ThesamplescriptspresentedinExamplesofPolicyScriptsonpage 407areinstalled withVMwarePlayerinthefollowinglocation:

C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Player\Samples
Thetopicsthatfollowshowtheformatfortheoutputthatyourscriptsmustwritetothe StdOutfiletocontrolvariouspolicies.
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Examples of Policy Scripts

Examplesincludeanauthenticationscript,ahosttoguestdatascript,andapoweron hookscript. SamplescriptsareinstalledwithVMwarePlayerinthefollowinglocation:
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Player\Samples
Example of an Authentication Script

Thisscriptexampleincludesthebasicelementsrequiredforanyauthenticationscript. Thepurposeofanauthenticationscriptistodooneofthefollowing: Iftheuseristobegrantedaccesstothevirtualmachine,generatethedatausedto createthekeyforthisuserandsenditasoutput.Thedatamustbeuniqueforeach user.Ifaccessisgranted,theexitcodeis0. Iftheuseristobedeniedaccesstothevirtualmachine,thescriptexitswitha nonzeroexitcode.Thisisareferencetotheexitcode,nottheoutputvalue. Theoutputofthescriptishashedtocreateakeytoencryptanddecryptvirtualmachine files.Thefirsttimethisscriptisrun,theoutputishashedtoencryptthevirtualmachine. Whenavirtualmachineisdecrypted,thescriptmustreturnthesamevalue.Ifthescript returnsadifferentvalue,thevirtualmachineisnotdecryptedandtheuserseesanerror message. Thescriptmayreturnanyvalue.Toensurebestsecurity,avaluethatincludesonly printablecharactersshouldbeatleast32byteslong.Forbinarydata,thevalueshould beatleast16byteslongtoensureproperentropy.TheoutputissenttotheStdOutfile. ThefollowingexampleiswritteninPerl.ItisinstalledbyWorkstationas sample_auth.pl.CompileitwithaPerlinterpretertorunit.
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # VMware Sample Script Sample script for ACE script authentication Description: This sample script looks up the user as defined in the environment variable TEST_USERNAME and returns seed data that is used to make a key for authenticationpurposes. It assumes that the username is defined in the environment variable TEST_USERNAME (a ficticious environment variable used for this sample) and returns the seed data from a harcoded map of username to seed data.
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# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
Input to script: None. Returns: 0 if successful (user is correctly authenticated). -1 if TEST_USERNAME is not set, or the user is unrecognized. Expected output: Seed data for creating script authentication key on stdout. Notes: If the script returns success, its output will be used to create a key. Therefore, it is important that the output of this script be unique for each user, and that there is enough data to make a meaningful key (at least 16 bytes).
my %user_map= ( 'charlie' 'kathy' 'beth' 'ernie' 'bert' );
=> => => => =>
'E1C4F612135B4D98A33B2C9BD595025D', 'C79AFFEF773D61225751C2566858DB08', '05B169B439B26AAB2EA4F755B7E3800C', '8CE63D4AA2068BD8AFF2D1B05F3495A5', '"172B1619B2EFBE0E4F381AA1C428F049'
my $username = $ENV{TEST_USERNAME}; if (! defined $username) { print "You should set the TEST_USERNAME environment variable.\n"; exit(-1); }
my $key_seed = $user_map{$username}; if (! defined $key_seed) { print "Unrecognized username.\n"; exit(-1); } print $key_seed; exit(0);
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Example of a Host to Guest Data Script

ThefollowingexampleiswritteninPerl.ItisinstalledbyWorkstationas sample_hostdata.pl.YouneedaPerlinterpretertorunthisscript.
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # VMware Sample Script Sample script for ACE Host-Guest Data script Description: This sample script passes information defined on the host to the guest. It assumes that the machine name is defined in the environment variable TEST_MACHINENAME and that the asset tag is defined in the environment variable TEST_ASSETTAG. (These are fictitious variables used for this # # sample). Input to script: None. Returns: 0 if successful. Expected output: Set of acceptable key/value pairs where the values are fetched from the environment variables. These values can be retrieved from within the Guest operating system using the VMware Tools.
my $machine_name = $ENV{TEST_MACHINENAME}; my $asset_tag = $ENV{TEST_ASSETTAG}; my $host_mac = $ENV{TEST_MACHINEMAC}; if (defined $machine_name) { print "machine.id = " . $machine_name . "\n"; } if (defined $asset_tag) { print "guestinfo.assetTag = " . $asset_tag . "\n"; } if (defined $host_mac) { printf "guestinfo.mac = " . $host_mac . "\n"; } exit(0);
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Example of a Power-On Hook Script

ThefollowingexampleiswritteninPerl.ItisinstalledbyWorkstationas sample_poweron.pl.YouneedaPerlinterpretertorunthisscript.
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # VMware Sample Script Sample script for ACE power-on hook Description: This sample script implements a power-on hook for ACE. This can be used in addition to authentication to control the circumstances under which an ACE is allowed to run. This script assumes that the username is defined in the environment variable TEST_USERNAME (a ficticious environment variable used for this sample) and returns TRUE if the user is allowed to run, and FALSE otherwise. Input to script: None. Returns: TRUE if username is on white list. FALSE if username is not on white list or is undefined. Expected output: One of the strings "TRUE" or "FALSE"
my @white_list = ("alan", "bob", "mary", "sonia", "chris"); my $username = $ENV{TEST_USERNAME}; if (! defined $username) { print "FALSE"; exit(0); } my @grepNames = grep(/$username/, @white_list); if (@grepNames == 1) { print "TRUE"; exit(0); } print "FALSE"; exit(0);
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Customizing the VMware Player Interface on Windows Hosts Only

YoucancustomizeseveralaspectsoftheVMwarePlayeruserinterfaceforACE instancesthatrunonWindowshosts.Yousavethesecustomizationsinatextfileand identifythattextfile,calledtheskinfile.
Create and Specify a Skin File

AskinfilecontainsparametersettingsforcustomizingtheVMwarePlayeruser interface.Usethisfiletochangeapplicationicons,thetextthatappearsinthetitlebar, andtochangethewayremovabledevicesarepresented. ThisfeatureisavailableonlyforVMwarePlayerrunningonWindowshosts. To create and specify a skin file 1 Useatexteditortocreateaskinfilethatincludestheparameterstocustomize. Useonelineforeachparameterandusethefollowingform:
<parameter> = "<value>"
Foralistofvaluestouseinparameters,seeTable 192,Table 193,andTable 194. Tocommentoutalineintheskinfile,beginthelinewiththepound(#)sign. 2 Savetheskinfilewiththefilenameskin.txtintheACE Resourcesdirectoryin thevirtualmachinedirectoryfortheACEenabledvirtualmachine. Thefilenamemustbeskin.txt. 3 (Optional)TodisplayapplicationiconsotherthantheVMwarePlayericon,place thenew.icoiconfilesintheACE Resourcesdirectory. Foriconssizesandskinfileparameters,seeCustomizingtheVMwarePlayer Iconsonpage 412. 4 5 InWorkstation,closetheACEenabledvirtualmachine. UseatexteditortoopentheaceMaster.datfileinthevirtualmachinedirectory andaddthefollowingline:
vmplayer.skin = "skin.txt"
BecausetheskinfileisintheACE Resourcesdirectory,youdonotneedtospecify thedirectorypathtothefile.
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6 7
SaveandclosetheaceMaster.datfile. (Optional)Todeterminewhethertheparametersaresetcorrectly,previewthe virtualmachineinVMwarePlayer. SeeUsePreviewModetoTestPolicyandDeploymentSettingsonpage 429.
Customizing the VMware Player Icons

VMwarePlayerhasseparatelargeandsmallapplicationicons.Thelargeiconisused intheapplicationswitchinginterface(visiblewhenyoupressAlt+Tab).Thesizeofthe largeiconisusually32x32pixels,butVMwarePlayeruseswhateversizeisspecifiedfor iconsizeinthesystempreference.Thesmall(16x16pixels)iconisusedintheVMware PlayertitlebarandontheWindowstaskbarbuttonforVMwarePlayer. Theiconsusedforthesepurposesmustbein.ico file formatandlocatedintheACE Resourcessubdirectoryinthevirtualmachinedirectory.Theapplicableparametersin theskinfileincludethefollowing:
player.iconSmall = "<filename>" player.iconLarge = "<filename>"
One.icofilecancontainmultipleiconsofdifferentsizes.Youcanspecifythesame .icofileforplayer.iconSmallandplayer.iconLarge.VMwarePlayerextractsthe iconoftheappropriatesizeforeachuse.
Customizing the Title Bar Text

YoucanspecifywhattextappearsintheVMwarePlayertitlebar.Youcanalsospecify thefontandfontsizeusedtodisplaythetext. Thetextdisplayedinthetitlebarconsistsofthreesections:aprefix,thevirtualmachine name,andasuffix.TheparameterslistedinTable 192allowyoutosetanyprefixand suffix,ortoomittheprefix,thesuffix,orboth.Theyalsoallowyoutoincludeoromit thevirtualmachinename. Ifyouleavethedefaultsforallvalues,thetitlebardisplaysonlythevirtualmachine nameat32pointsintheMSShellDlgfont.
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Table 192describestheVMwarePlayertitletextparameters. Table 19-2. VMware Player Title Text Parameters

Parameter player.title.prefix player.title.useVMName player.title.suffix player.title.font.face player.title.font.size Type string Boolean string string integer Default TRUE MSShellDlg 32 Controls Titlebarprefix Whetherthevirtual machinenameisdisplayed Titlebarsuffix Fontname(thefontmustbe ontheuserscomputer) Pointsizeforthetext
Customizing the Removable Device Display

RemovabledevicesarerepresentedintheVMwarePlayerinterfaceeitherbybuttons onatoolbarorbymenuitemsonaDevicesmenu.Youcanspecifythetypeofdisplay. Youcanalsospecifytext,icon,oracombinationofthetwoandspecifycustomicons. Ifyouusecustomicons,copytheiconfilestotheACE Resourcesdirectoryinthe virtualmachinedirectoryfortheACEenabledvirtualmachine. SettingsyoumakeintheskinfileoverrideanysettingstheusermakesintheVMware Playerpreferencesdialogbox. Usethefollowingparametertocontrolwhetherdevicesareshownastoolbaritems:
player.deviceBar.toplevel = [TRUE | FALSE]
SettheparametertoTRUEforatoolbarorFALSEforamenu.
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UsetheparametersshowninTable 193tocustomizethedisplayforeachremovable deviceconfiguredinthevirtualmachine. Table 19-3. Removable DevicesParameters

Parameter player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.buttonStyle player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.buttonText Type string(text,icon, texticon) string Default text Userfriendly devicename Controls Appearanceoftoolbar buttonormenuitem Textthatappearsonthe toolbarbuttonormenu itemwhendeviceis connected Textthatappearsonthe toolbarbuttonormenu itemwhendeviceis disconnected Textthatappearsinthe tooltipwhendeviceis connected Textthatappearsinthe tooltipwhendeviceis disconnected Customiconfilewhen deviceisconnected Customiconfilewhen deviceisdisconnected Shortcutkeycombination toswitchthedevice betweenconnectedand disconnected(see ShortcutKeyValueson page 415)
player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.buttonTextD isconnected player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.tooltip player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.tooltipDisc onnected player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.icon player.deviceBar. <deviceName>iconDisconne cted player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.shortcutKey
string(optional)
Normalbuttontext
string
string(optional)
Normaltooltip
filename filename(optional)
Iconrepresenting thistypeofdevice Normalicon
keySpec
Followingarethedevicenamesyoucanusefor<deviceName>intheparametername: floppy0,floppy1 serial0,serial1,serial2,serial3 parallel0,parallel1,parallel2 ide0:0,ide0:1,ide1:0,ide1:1(IDECDROMorharddrives) scsi0:0scsi0:7(SCSICDROMorharddrives)

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Shortcut Key Values

Usevirtualkeycodestospecifykeyboardshortcuts.Virtualkeycodesusehexadecimal format,whichisahexadecimalnumberprecededby0x.Forexample,tousethevirtual keycodeof5Aasavalue,type0x5A. MicrosoftprovidesareferencelistofvirtualkeycodesonitsMSDNWebsite. YoucanalsousetheCtrl,Alt,andShiftmodifierkeys,oracombinationofthosekeys. Table 194providestheshortcutkeyvalues. Table 19-4. Shortcut Key Values
Modifier key Nomodifier Alt Ctrl Shift Ctrl+Alt Alt+Shift Ctrl+Shift Ctrl+Alt+Shift Value 0x0 0x1 0x2 0x4 0x3 0x5 0x6 0x7
.
Whenyoulistakeyplusamodifier,typethevirtualkeycodeforthekeyfollowedby acomma,followedbythevalueforthemodifierkeyorkeys.Forexample,thevalue entryforCtrl+Shift+F1is0x70,0x6. Keepthefollowinglimitationsinmindwhendefiningshortcutkeys: DonotusethePausekeywiththeCtrlkey. IfyouuseF12,youmustuseoneormoremodifierkeys.YoucannotuseF12alone. YoucannotusecombinationsthatincludeonlytheShift,Ctrl,andAltkeys.You canusethesekeysonlyasmodifiersincombinationwithsomeotherkey.
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Sample Skin File

player.title.prefix = "Our Company <<" player.title.suffix = ">> Environment" # player.title.useVMName = FALSE # player.deviceBar.toplevel = TRUE player.deviceBar.floppy0.buttonStyle = "icon" player.deviceBar.floppy0.buttonText = "First Floppy Drive" player.deviceBar.floppy0.shortcutKey = "0x30,0x7" player.deviceBar.floppy0.icon = "custom-floppy.ico" player.deviceBar.floppy0.tooltip = "Click to disconnect" player.deviceBar.floppy0.tooltipDisconnected = "Click to connect" # player.deviceBar.ethernet0.buttonStyle = "icon" # player.deviceBar.ide1:0.buttonStyle = "icon" # player.deviceBar.audio.buttonStyle = "icon"
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Deploying ACE Packages
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ThischapterprovidesinstructionsforspecifyingdeploymentsettingsforACE packages,creatingACEpackages,anddeployingpackagestoendusers.Thischapter includesthefollowingtopics: EditDeploymentSettingsonpage 417 ACEResourcesDirectoryonpage 428 ReviewtheConfigurationofanACEEnabledVirtualMachineonpage 429 UsePreviewModetoTestPolicyandDeploymentSettingsonpage 429 CreatingaPackageonpage 431 PerformanEndtoEndDeploymentTestonpage 437 DeployPackagesonpage 438
Edit Deployment Settings

Deploymentsettingsenableyoutoconfigurepackagecharacteristics,suchasinstance customizationandencryption,andthenapplythosesettingstoasmanypackagesas youchoose.Changestodeploymentsettingsaffectonlypackagescreatedafterthe changesaremade.Theydonotapplytoexistingpackages. Beforeyoucanusethedeploymentsettingseditoronavirtualmachine,youmust enableACEfeaturesforthatvirtualmachine.SeeOverviewofCreatingand DeployingACEPackagesonpage 368.
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To edit deployment settings 1 2 3 SelecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseVM>ACE>Deployment Settings. Inthedeploymentsettingseditor,selectanitemintheSettinglist. CompletethesettingspanelforthatdeploymentsettingandclickOKorselect anothersettingtoedit. Forassistancewiththefieldsonasettingspanel,clickHelp.
Encryption Settings
Encryptionsettingsareoftwotypes: PackageprotectionProtectspackagefilesfrombeingcopiedoralteredwhilein transit.IfyousetpackageprotectiontoEncrypted,theNewPackagewizard encryptsthevirtualmachinewhenapackageiscreated. InstanceprotectionProtectsACEinstancefilesfrombeingcopiedoralteredafter installationandactivation.Youmustspecifyanauthenticationmethodifyouwant theinstallertoencrypttheACEinstance. Theactivationandauthenticationpoliciesyouchoosedeterminewhichdefault encryptionsettingsareappliedtothepackageandfiles.SeeSettingAccessControl Policiesonpage 375.VMwarerecommendsthesedefaultsettingsforproduction environments.Thefilesdonotneedtobeencryptedwhenyoudeployapackageina testenvironment. NOTEIfyousettheencryptionsettingstoNone,anyverificationspecifiedinthe resourcesigningpolicyisnotperformed.Theencryptionpackagesettingoverridesthe resourcesigningpolicysetting.SeeSettingResourceSigningPoliciesonpage 384.
Package Lifetime Settings

YoucanspecifyatimeperiodduringwhichanACEpackageisinstallable.Ifauser attemptstoinstallapackageoutsideofthistimeperiod,anerrormessageappearsand thepackageisnotinstalled. Theadministratorcanchangethepackagelifetimesettingsonmanagedpackageseven afterpackagecreation.
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Chapter 20 Deploying ACE Packages
Change Package Lifetime Settings for a Managed Package

IfyouusetheACEManagementServer,youcanchangethepackagelifetimesettings ordeactivateapackageimmediately. Beforeyoubegin,makesureWorkstationisconnectedtotheACEManagementServer. Forinformationaboutinstallingandsettinguptheserver,seetheACEManagement ServerAdministratorsGuide. To change package lifetime settings for a managed package 1 2 3 SelecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseView>CurrentView> Summary. ClickthePackagessectiontab. Rightclickthepackageanddooneofthefollowing: TochangethepackagelifetimesettingschooseProperties>Settings. TodeactivatethepackageimmediatelychooseDeactivate.
Instance Customization on Windows Hosts Only

InstancecustomizationappliesonlytoACEinstancesthathaveaWindowsguest operatingsysteminstalled.Theinstancecustomizationprocessisbuiltaroundthe standardMicrosoftSysprepdeploymenttools.Itprovidesthefollowingbenefits: AutomatestheSysprepprocess(theuseoftheMicrosoftSysprepdeployment tools).ItgivesyoubettercontrolofsomeSysprepparameters,suchascomputer name. AutomatesjoiningACEinstancestoadomainfromaremotesite.SeeSetUpa RemoteDomainJoinonpage 425. FormanagedACEinstances,theinstancecustomizationprocessontheusers machinereportsthesuccessorfailureoftheprocesstotheserver.Theinformation isavailableintheinstanceviewofWorkstation.Besidesstatus,theprocessalso reportstheMACaddressandthenewcomputername.
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Instance Customization Process During Packaging

Ifyouspecifyinstancecustomizationdeploymentsettings,thefollowingeventsoccur whenyoucompletetheNewPackagewizard: 1 2 AsnapshotoftheACEenabledvirtualmachineistakenandsaved. TheACEenabledvirtualmachineispoweredon,andalltherequireddeployment toolsandfiles,includingtheappropriateMicrosoftSyspreptools,arecopiedinto theguest. Novisibleindicationshowsthecopyingprocess.SeeDownloadtheMicrosoft SysprepDeploymentToolsonpage 421. 3 4 5 TheMicrosoftdeploymenttoolsruninsidetheguestoperatingsystemtosealthe guestandpreparefordeployment. Theguestoperatingsystemshutsdown. TheACEenabledvirtualmachineisclonedintothepackagedirectory. Thevirtualmachinefilesarecopiedintothedirectory,encryptedifsettodoso,and dividedtobeputonmediaifsettodoso. 6 7 8 TheACEenabledvirtualmachinerevertstothesnapshot. Thesnapshotisdeleted. Theinstallerfilesarecopiedintothepackagedirectory.
Instance Customization on the End Users Machine

OntheACEusersmachine,aftertheinstallationandinstanceactivation,thefollowing eventsoccur: 1 2 Allinformationrequiredforresolvingplaceholdervariablesisobtained. PlaceholdervariablesareresolvedandreplacedwiththeactualvaluesfortheACE instance. SeePlaceholderValuestoUseinInstanceCustomizationonpage 423. 3 TheMicrosoftMiniSetupprocessrunsunattended. IftheMiniSetupprocessfails,theACEinstanceshutsdown. 4 (Optional)Additionalcommandstoexecuteotherscriptsthatyouspecifiedinthe instancecustomizationdeploymentsettingsareexecuted.
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(Optional)Ifyouconfiguredaremotedomainjoin,thesoftwareexecutesthescript youspecified,connectstheACEinstancetotheVPNserver,andjoinsthevirtual machinetothedomain. SeeSetUpaRemoteDomainJoinonpage 425.
Formanagedinstances,instancecustomizationisreportedtotheserverifitis successful.
Prerequisites for Using Instance Customization

InstancecustomizationisavailableforbothmanagedandstandaloneACEinstances. Beforeyouspecifyinstancecustomizationsettings,performthefollowingtasks: InstallaWindows2000,XPProfessional,Server2003,orVistaguestoperating systemonanACEenabledvirtualmachine. InstallthelatestversionofVMwareToolsontheguestoperatingsystem.See InstallingVMwareToolsonpage 100. DownloadtheMicrosoftSyspreptools.SeeDownloadtheMicrosoftSysprep DeploymentToolsonpage 421. Gatherthefollowinginformation: TheWindowsproductIDfortheguestoperatingsysteminstallation. IftheACEinstancewillbejoinedtoadomain(whethertheinstanceislocalor remotetothedomain),theusernameandpasswordforanaccountthathas permissiontoaddcomputerstothedomain. RemotedomainjoinparametersifaremoteACEinstancewillbejoinedtoa domain.SeeSetUpaRemoteDomainJoinonpage 425.
Download the Microsoft Sysprep Deployment Tools

YoudonotneedtodownloadMicrosoftSysprepdeploymenttoolsifyouhavea WindowsVistaoperatingsystem.TheyareincludedwiththeWindowsVista installation.
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To download the Microsoft Sysprep deployment tools 1 2 GototheMicrosoftWebsiteandsearchforSysprepdeploymenttools. FollowtheinstructionsonthesitefordownloadingtheSysprepdeploymenttools. Downloadallversionsthatcorrespondtotheguestoperatingsystemsthatyou plantodeploy.ThesetoolsincludeSysprepdeploymenttoolsforWindows2000, Windows2003,andWindowsXPProfessionalSP1andSP2.TheSP1versionworks withWindowsXPProfessionalwithnoservicepackandorwithSP1. 3 Unzipthefilesintothecorrespondingversionspecificdirectoryinthe Resources\SysprepToolsdirectory. Forexample,forWindowsXPSP3,unzipthefilesto:
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\Resources\SysprepTools\xpsp3
Specify Deployment Settings for Instance Customization

Beforeyoubegin,installallrequiredfilesforcustomizationscripts.SeePrerequisites forUsingInstanceCustomizationonpage 421. To specify deployment settings for instance customization 1 2 3 SelecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseVM>ACE>Deployment Settings. SelectInstanceCustomizationandcompletethesettingspanel. SelectSystemOptionsandcompletethesettingspanel. Usethefollowinginformationtocompletethefields: SystemoptionsYoucanuseplaceholdervariablesforthesystemname, organizationname,andcomputername.Fordetailsontheplaceholder variables,includinganexample,seePlaceholderValuestoUseinInstance Customizationonpage 423. CAUTIONTheMiniSetupprocessfailsifyouenteradministratorinthe NamefieldortheComputerNamefieldorforWindowsVistaguests,ifthe computernameismorethan15characters. Ifyousetthe%logon_user%placeholderinthosefieldsandtheplaceholder variableresolvestoadministrator,thesoftwareautomaticallychangesthe valuetoarandomalphanumericstringof10characters. SecurityIDAnewSIDisalwaysgeneratedforWindowsVistaguests, regardlessofthesettingyouchoosehere.
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SelectInitializationScriptsandtypetheadditionalcommandstorunscriptsinthe guestoperatingsystemattheendoftheMiniSetupprocessontheACEusers machine. Formoreinformationaboutcommands,seetheMicrosoftdeploymenttools documentation. Specifythepathtothebatchfilewithoutusingquotationmarks.Quotationmarks areaddedautomatically.Formoreinformation,seetheMicrosoftknowledgebase articleabouttroubleshootingCmdlines.textduringanunattendedsetup.
SelectWorkgrouporDomainandcompletethesettingspanelusingthefollowing information: InstancecustomizationsupportsonlyIPaddressesthatDHCPservers provide.StaticIPaddressesarenotsupported. ToallowthisACEinstancetojointhedomainfromalocationremotetothe domain,seeSetUpaRemoteDomainJoinonpage 425.
SpecifyothertypesofdeploymentsettingsorclickOK.
Tocreateapackagewiththesesettings,seeCreatingaPackageonpage 431.
Placeholder Values to Use in Instance Customization

Useplaceholdervaluestoconstructmachinespecificnamesinsidetheguestoperating systemduringtheMiniSetupprocess. Followingaretheavailableplaceholders: %logon_user%or%logon_user(n)% Theuserloggedintothehostmachineat thetimetheMicrosoftMiniSetupprocessbegins. Youcanuse%logon_user(n)%,where<n>isthemaximumnumberofcharacters obtainedfromtheactualloggedinuserwhenthenameisresolved.Use<n>ifyou theusernamemustberesolvedtonomorethanacertainnumberofcharacters. Forexample,ifyouspecifythat3randomcharactersaretobeaddedtotheactual usernameandyouwanttolimittheresolvednameto15characters,set<n>to12. YourentryintheNamefieldintheSystemOptionspanelis %logon_user(12)%%random_alpha_digit(3)%. Including(n)intheplaceholderisoptional.Ifyouuseonly%logon_user% orif youset<n>tozero(0),theplaceholderresolvestothefullloggedinusername.
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%host_name% or %host_name(n)% Thenameofthehostcomputer(usually usedwithsomeadditionalrandomnumberorname). Youcanuse%host_name(n)%,where<n>isthemaximumnumberofcharacters obtainedfromtheactualcomputerhostnamewhenthenameisresolved.Use<n> ifthehostnamemustberesolvedtonotmorethanacertainnumberofcharacters. Forexample,ifyouspecifythat3randomcharactersaretobeaddedtotheactual hostnameandyouwanttolimittheresolvednameto15characters,set<n>to12. YourentryintheComputerNamefieldintheSystemOptionspanelis %host_name(12)%%random_alpha_digit(3)%. Including(n)intheplaceholderisoptional.Ifyouuseonly%host_name%,orif youset<n>tozero(thatis,theplaceholderresolvestothefullhostname. %random_alpha_digit(n)%Arandomlygeneratedstringoflettersand numbers,where<n>isthenumberofcharacters.Youmustspecify<n>. %random_alpha(n)%Arandomlygeneratedstringofletters,where<n>isthe numberofcharacters.Youmustspecify<n>. %random_digit(n)%Arandomlygeneratedstringofnumericcharacters,where <n>isthenumberofcharacters.Youmustspecify<n>. ForWindowsVistaguests,ifthecomputernameismorethan15characters,the MiniSetupprocessfailsontheusermachine.
Specify Additional License Information for Windows Server Products

TosupplyadditionallicenseinformationforWindowsServerproducts,youcanadda filenamedsysprep_license.txttotheACEenabledvirtualmachinedirectory. To specify additional license information for Windows Server products 1 2 Useatexteditortocreateafilenamedsysprep_license.txtinthevirtual machinedirectoryfortheACEenabledvirtualmachine. Addthefollowinglinetothefile:
AutoMode=[PerSeat | PerServer]
Thislineindicateswhetherthelicenseisforoneclientlicenseorforacertain numberofclientlicensesforaserver. 3 IfAutoModeissettoPerServer,addthefollowinglinetothefile,where<n> indicatesthenumberofclientlicensesfortheserver:

AutoUsers=<n>
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Formoreinformation,gototheMicrosoftTechNetWebsiteandintheWindowsServer Library,searchfor[LicenseFilePrintData](Sysprep). Ifthisfileisnotfoundinthevirtualmachinedirectory,adefaultisused.AutoModeis settoPerServerwith5clientlicenses. Ifyousupplythisfile,thelicenseportionoftheMiniSetupprocessappearsunchanged duringpreview.YoualwaysseeAutoMode=PerServerandAutoUsers=5inthe MiniSetupuserinterface.Thelicenseinformationyousupplyisneverthelessset correctlybytheMiniSetupprocess.
Set Up a Remote Domain Join

TheremotedomainjoinfeatureprovidesanautomatedwaytojoinACEinstancestoa domainfromaremotesite. AftertheACEpackageisinstalledontheendusersmachineandtheACEinstanceis activatedandauthenticated,theMicrosoftMiniSetupprocessruns.Thescriptfor joiningtheremoteACEinstancetothedomainexecutesattheendofthatprocess,and themachineisjoinedtothedomain. Beforeyoubegin,performthefollowingtasks: DeterminewhichVPNclienttodownload.TheVPNclientmustsupporta commandlineinterfacesothatascriptcanbeusedforloggingintotheVPN server.YoumightneedtocontacttheVPNproductstechnicalsupporttofindout whethertheVPNclientsupportsacommandlineinterface. ObtainaVPNaccountforloggingintotheserver.Credentialsincludeausername andpassword.Randomlygeneratedsecuritytokenscannotbeusedaspasswords. Forexample,youcannotuseanRSAsecuritytoken. DeterminethefollowinginformationtousefortheVPNclientprofile:the companysgroupandpasswordinformationandthenameoftheVPNserverto contacttoestablishasecureconnection. DeterminethenameofthedomainthatyouplantoaddtheACEinstanceto. Determinetheusernameandpasswordforanaccountthathaspermissiontoadd computerstothedomain.
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To set up a remote domain join 1 2 IntheguestoperatingsystemoftheACEenabledvirtualmachine,installaVPN clientthatsupportsacommandlineinterface. UsetheVPNclientsoftwaretoconfigureaprofileforthisclient. TheprofileintheVPNclientcontainsacompanysgroupandpassword informationanddetermineswhichservertocontacttoestablishasecure connection. 3 Writea.batscriptthatallowsremoteexecutionduringtheinstancecustomization process. Followingisanexampleofa.batscriptforaCiscoVPNclient:
"net" start "Cisco Systems, Inc. VPN Service" "C:\Program Files\Cisco Systems\VPN Client\vpnclient.exe" connect <profile_name> user <vpn_user_name> pwd %1 >> vpnlogs.txt
Thisexampleconsistsoftwolines.ThecommandinthefirstlinestartstheCisco VPNclientsbackgroundservice.Thecommandinthesecondlineconnectstothe CiscoVPNusingacommandlineinterface.ItsuppliesthenameoftheVPNprofile andthecredentialsforloggingintotheVPNserver.Theexampleusesthe passwordplaceholdervariable,butyoucouldalsouseastaticpasswordforthe VPNaccount.Astaticpasswordincludedinascriptissentincleartext. 4 5 6 7 Savethe.batfileontheC:driveoftheguestsfilesystem. InWorkstation,selecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseVM>ACE> DeploymentSettings. SelectWorkgrouporDomain. Inthesettingspanel,selectDomainandspecifyanorganizationalunitanduser nameforanaccountthathaspermissiontoaddcomputerstothedomain. AnexampleofanentryintheOUfullpathfileis OU=orgunits,DC=dpt,DC=domain,DC=com. IftheACEenabledvirtualmachineismanaged,passwordsandcommandsare storedonACEManagementServer. IftheACEenabledvirtualmachineisstandalone,passwordsandcommandsare storedwiththepackage.Besuretouseencryptionforthepackage. 8 SelectEnableRemoteDomainJoin.
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SpecifythepasswordforloggingintotheVPNserver. Youcanthenusethe%password%placeholdervariableintheCommandtextbox torefertothispassword.
10
Enterthecommandthatexecutesthescript. Forexample,ifyounamethe.batscriptvpn.batandwanttousethepassword placeholdervariable,enterthefollowingcommand:

C:\vpn.bat%password%
Ifyouuseapasswordplaceholdervariable(%password%)intheCommandfield, theplaceholdervariableisresolvedandreplacedwiththevaluefromthe Passwordfieldwhenthescriptexecutes. 11 ClickOK.
Tocreateapackagewiththesesettings,seeCreatingaPackageonpage 431.
Custom EULA Settings

Youcanprovideacustomenduserlicenseagreement(EULA)thatappearswhenan ACEinstanceisactivated.Theusermustseeandaccepttheagreementbeforethe instancecanrunforthefirsttime. ThecustomEULAmustbeatextfilelocatedintheACE Resourcesdirectoryforthe ACEenabledvirtualmachine.Thefilecanusethefollowingformats: ForWindowshosts,usea.txtor.rtffile. ForLinuxhosts,usea.txtfile. IfyouplantodeploythepackagetobothWindowsandLinuxcomputers,usea .txtfile. TospecifywhethertodeploytoWindowshosts,Linuxhosts,orboth,usethe DeploymentPlatformsettinginthedeploymentsettingseditor.
Deployment Platform Settings

Bydefault,ACEpackagesarecreatedforWindowshosts.Changethissettingtodeploy toLinuxorbothLinuxandWindowshosts.
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ACE Resources Directory

TheACE ResourcesdirectoryisasubdirectoryoftheACEenabledvirtualmachines directory.AllfilesplacedinthisdirectoryarecopiedintotheACEpackagesothatthey canbeusedinendusersvirtualmachines. PlacethefollowingtypesoffilesintheACE Resourcesdirectory: Authenticationscripts SeeUsinganAuthenticationScriptonpage 378. Poweronandpoweroffscripts SeeIncludeaPowerOnandPowerOffScriptinthePackageonpage 378. Otherresourcefilesthatauthentication,poweron,orpoweroffscriptscall DevicefilessuchasISOimagesorFLPimagesthatthevirtualmachineis configuredtopointto Theskinfile,whichyoucancreatetocustomizetheVMwarePlayericons, removabledeviceicons,andtitlebartextusedintheVMwarePlayeruserinterface onWindowsguests SeeCreateandSpecifyaSkinFileonpage 411. IconfilesforremovabledevicesortheVMwarePlayerapplication SeeCustomizingtheVMwarePlayerIconsonpage 412andCustomizingthe RemovableDeviceDisplayonpage 413. CustomEULAs SeeCustomEULASettingsonpage 427. WhenyouusetheACE Resourcesdirectory,takethefollowingconsiderationsinto account: DonotplacefilesinasubdirectoryoftheACE Resourcesdirectory.Ifscriptsor skinfilesreferenceotherfiles,placethoseotherfilesinthemainACE Resources directory.Makesurethescriptusesrelativepathstoreferencethoseresources. AresourceisconsideredanyfileintheACE Resourcesdirectory.Youcanspecify whethertoverifyallfilesintheACE Resourcesdirectoryorjustthepolicyscripts inthatdirectory.Formoreinformation,seeSettingResourceSigningPolicieson page 384. IfyouchangeapolicyorpackagesettingthatrequirestheACE Resources directory,youmustcreateanupdatepackagetodeploythechangetoendusers.
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Review the Configuration of an ACE-Enabled Virtual Machine

TofinishpreparingyourACEenabledvirtualmachineanditsfilesforpackaging, reviewitsconfigurationandpoliciesandensurethattheappropriateoperatingsystem andsoftwareareinstalledinit. To review the configuration of an ACE-enabled virtual machine 1 VerifythattheACEenabledvirtualmachinehasthenecessaryoperatingsystem, applicationsoftware,andVMwareToolsinstalled. SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 100.Forinformationaboutspecific operatingsystems,seetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuide. 2 3 4 5 6 7 Toreviewconfigurationsettings,selecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineand chooseView>CurrentView>Summary. Toreviewvirtualmachinedevicesandvirtualhardware,clicktheDevicestabin thesummaryview. Toreviewvirtualmachineconfigurationoptions,clicktheOptionstab. Tomakechangestodevicesoroptions,clickEditvirtualmachinesettingsinthe Commandslist. Toreviewpoliciesanddeploymentsettings,clicktheACEtab. Tomakechangestopoliciesordeploymentsettings,clickEditpoliciesorEdit deploymentsettingsintheCommandslist.
Use Preview Mode to Test Policy and Deployment Settings

Previewmodeenablesyoutoseetheeffectsofchangedpolicieswithouthavingto packageanddeploythem.Previewmodealsoenablesyoutoseetheeffectsofsetup choiceswithouthavingtocreate,deploy,andinstallafullpackage. Beforeyoubegin,verifythatthesettingsanddeploymentplatformsyouwanttotest areappropriateforpreviewmode.BecauseACEfeaturesareavailableonlyinthe WindowsversionofWorkstation,youcannotusepreviewmodetorunACEinstances createdforLinuxhosts.Youalsocannottestahostpolicyinpreviewmode.TotestACE instancesthatyouplantodeployonLinuxhosts,orforwhichyouwanttotestahost policy,seePerformanEndtoEndDeploymentTestonpage 437.
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YoucanruntheACEinstanceinpreviewmodeinVMwarePlayerandalsorunthe ACEenabledvirtualmachineinWorkstationwithouthavingtoshutdownthe preview. NOTEYoucanrunanyACEenabledvirtualmachinedirectlyinWorkstationtobesure thattheguestoperatingsystemandapplicationsperformasexpected.However,an ACEenabledvirtualmachinerunninginWorkstationdoesnotrespectanypoliciesthat restrictitsfunctionality. To use preview mode to test policy and deployment settings 1 2 3 4 OpentheACEenabledvirtualmachinetotest. Inthesummaryview,clickEditpoliciesintheCommandslist. InthePolicylist,selectthepolicytochange,completethesettingspanelforthat policy,andclickOK. Inthesummaryview,clickthePreviewinPlayerintheCommandslist. Apackagebasedonalinkedcloneiscreatedinanewdirectory,Preview Deployment,insidetheACEenabledvirtualmachinesdirectory.Thelinkedclone iscreatedfromasnapshotofthevirtualmachinescurrentstate.Unlikeapackage thatisdeployedtoanACEusersmachine,thispackageisnotinstalled. VMwarePlayerallowsyoutoactivateandauthenticatetheACEinstance(ifthose policiesareset).Ifconfigured,instancecustomizationisalsoperformed.Theguest operatingsystemstarts. 5 TestthepolicychangeintherunningACEinstancetoensurethatitistheoneyou wanttomake. PreviewmodeenablesVMwarePlayertoruninteractivelysothatyoucanseeany instancecustomizationerrorsandmakecorrectionsasneeded. 6 (Optional)Tomakeadditionalchangestopoliciesordeploymentsettings,shut downthevirtualmachineandrepeatthisprocedure. YoucanhaveonlyonepreviewinstanceperACEenabledvirtualmachine.When youclickPreviewinPlayerasecondorsubsequenttime,amessageasksifyou wanttoreplacethecurrentpreviewinstancewithanewdeploymentorusethe existingdeployment. Tochangeonlypoliciesandnotrepeattheactivationandinstancecustomization steps,usetheexistingdeployment. 7 IfACEManagementServerismanagingthevirtualmachine,clickPublish PoliciestoServer.
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Creating a Package
AfteryoucreateanACEenabledvirtualmachineandconfigurepolicies,devices,and deploymentsettings,usetheNewPackagewizardtocreateapackagetodeploy instancestousers. NOTETocreateaPocketACEpackagefordistributiononportabledevices,usethe PocketACEPackagewizardratherthantheNewPackagewizard.SeeCreateaPocket ACEPackageonpage 442. ForpackagesthatyouplantodeploytoWindowshosts,youcanspecifythatthe packageistobedistributedthroughanetworkimageorthroughDVDsorCDs.For DVDandCDdistribution,thepackageisdividedintofilesthatfitonstandarddiscs.
Overview of Package Creation and Validation

DependingonwhetheryouwanttodeployanewACEinstanceorupdateaninstalled one,youcancreateanyofthefollowingtypesofpackages: FullIncludesaninstallerandtheadditionalfilesneededtoinstallanACE packageandtheVMwarePlayerapplicationthatrunstheACEinstance.Afull packageallowsyoutocreateacompletelynewACEinstance. CAUTIONIfyoureplaceanexistingACEinstancebysupplyinganewfull package,endusersloseanydataorcustomsettingsstoredintheolderACE instance. PolicyUpdateorServerUpdateIncludesjustthepolicyrelatedfiles. ForstandaloneACEenabledvirtualmachines,theoptionisPolicyUpdate. Formanagedvirtualmachines,itisServerUpdate. Amongotherpolicies,aserverupdatepackageallowsyoutochangethe serverthattheACEenabledvirtualmachineisassociatedwithorchangean activationonlyserversetuptoanactivationandtrackingsetup. CustomAllowsyoutochoosespecificitemstodeploy. PocketACEThecomponentsforaPocketACEpackagevaryslightlyfromthose forthefullpackage.ForinformationaboutthePocketACEpackage,seeCreatea PocketACEPackageonpage 442.
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ThedeploymentsettingsanddevicesettingsthatyoualreadysetforanACEenabled virtualmachineallowyoutocreatemultiplepackagesquickly.Youcanusethesame settingsagainandagain. PackagevalidationoccursafteryoucompletetheNewPackagewizard.Package validationdoesthefollowing: ChecksthatallfilesthattheACEenabledvirtualmachinerequiresarepresent. Thosefilesinclude: Diskandsnapshotfiles Scriptfiles(ifanypolicyisusingscripts) NOTEPackagevalidationdoesnotcheckfordevicefiles(ISOimages,FLPimages, andsoon).Toincludedevicefilesinthepackage,putthefilesintheACE ResourcesfolderfortheACEenabledvirtualmachineandsetthedevicestopoint tothatlocation. ChecksthattheACEenabledvirtualmachinecanbecloned:thatitispoweredoff, multiplesnapshotsareenabled,anditisnotreadonly. ChecksthatthelatestversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled. Ifinstancecustomizationisenabled,checksthattheSysprepToolsdirectoryfor theACEenabledvirtualmachinesguestoperatingsystemisnotempty. IftheguestoperatingsystemisWindows2000,WindowsXP,orWindows2003, checksthatthefoldersintheProgram Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\Resources\SysprepToolsfolderarenotempty. YoucandeployapackageoveranetworkoronDVDorCD.Ifyoudeploythepackage ondiscs,thefirstdiscofthesetincludestheautorunfilesneededtostarttheinstaller automaticallywhentheuserinsertsthediscinthehostcomputersdrive.
Turn Off the VMware Tools Check for Test Deployments

IfyoudonothavethelatestversionofVMwareToolsinstalledintheguestoperating system,thewizardfailstocreatethepackage.Tocreatepackageswithoutinstallingthe latestVMwareToolsversioneachtimeforexample,ifyouwanttoperformatest deploymentyoucanturnofftheVMwareToolscheck.
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To turn off the VMware Tools check for test deployments 1 CloseWorkstation. Useatexteditortoopenthepreferences.inifile,whichislocatedinthe followingdirectory:
C:\Documents and Settings\<user>\Application Data\VMware
Addthefollowinglinetothefile:
pref.ignoreToolsPkgCheck = "TRUE"
SettingthislinetoFALSEreinstatestheVMwareToolscheck. 3 Saveandclosethepreferences.ini file.
Beforeyoucreatepackagesthatyouplantodeployinproductionenvironments, reinstatetheVMwareToolscheck.
Prerequisites for Using the Packaging Wizards

ThefollowingprerequisitesapplytotheNewPackagewizardandthePocketACE Packagewizard: EnsurethattheguestoperatingsystemandthemostrecentversionofVMware ToolsareinstalledintheACEenabledvirtualmachine.SeeInstallingVMware Toolsonpage 100. Defragmentvirtualdiskstoensurethatthepackageisascompactaspossible.See DefragmentVirtualDisksonpage 223. PreviewtheACEinstancetoverifythatallsettingsareworkingcorrectly.SeeUse PreviewModetoTestPolicyandDeploymentSettingsonpage 429. Determinethepasswordsusedforthepoliciesanddeploymentsettings.Thesecan includethefollowing: ActivationpasswordAccesscontrolpolicyissettoPassword. DomainjoincredentialsAccesscontrolpolicyfortheACEinstanceissetto Password,andtheInstanceCustomizationdeploymentsettingforDomain isenabled.Thispasswordisfortheuseraccountthathaspermissiontoadd computerstothisdomain. RemotedomainjoincredentialsandVPNcredentialsTheInstance CustomizationdeploymentsettingsforDomainandEnableremotedomain joinareenabled.Thedomainpasswordisfortheuseraccountthathas permissiontoaddcomputerstothisdomain.ThepasswordintheRemote domainjoinsectionisfortheuseraccountthathaspermissiontoaccessthe VPNserver.
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Verifythatyouhaveenoughdiskspacefortemporaryfilescreatedduring packaging.Youmusthavetwicethecombinedsizesofallthecomponentsofthe package. Thewizarddisplaysinformationabouttheamountofspaceneededandthe locationswherethespaceisneeded.Ifyoudonothaveenoughfreespace,youcan moveordeletefilesonthetargetdrivestomakeroomforthewizardsworking files. Determinethetypeofpackageyouwanttodeploy:full,update,orcustom.See OverviewofPackageCreationandValidationonpage 431. TodistributethepackageonDVDsorCDs,determinehowmuchdiskspaceis available.Youcanthenspecifythemaximumfilesizeusedwhenthepackageis dividedintomultiplefiles. Touseinstancecustomization,verifythatthefollowingprerequisitesaresatisfied: MakesurethattheguestoperatingsystemisWindowsXP,Windows2000,or WindowsServer2003,orWindowsVista. CopytheMicrosoftSysprepDeploymentToolsintothecorrectfolderforthe virtualmachine.SeeDownloadtheMicrosoftSysprepDeploymentToolson page 421. Ifthesetoolsarenotavailable,thepackagingoperationfails.Thefailuremightnot occuruntilwellintothepackagingprocessandmightcauseyoutolosesubstantial time. Usepreviewmodetotestwhetherinstancecustomizationrunsunattended. For example,verifythatavalidWindowsproductIDisusedsothatnodialogbox promptsfortheproductIDduringtheMiniSetupprocess. Ifyouconfiguredautomaticlogin,usepreviewmodetoverifythatautomaticlogin workscorrectly.Ifitfails,instancecustomizationfails.
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Use the New Package Wizard

TheNewPackagewizardcreatesanexecutablefilethatcontainsanACEenabled virtualmachine,itspolicies,deploymentsettings,scripts,andacopyofVMware Player.Youcaneasilydeployandinstallthepackageonendusersmachines. Beforeyoubegin,verifythatthepackagingprerequisitesaresatisfied.See PrerequisitesforUsingthePackagingWizardsonpage 433. To use the New Package wizard 1 2 OpentheACEenabledvirtualmachinetouseasthebasisforthepackage. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoffratherthansuspended. Whenyouexitpreviewmode,bydefaultVMwarePlayersuspendsthevirtual machine.Ifnecessary,useWorkstationtopoweroffthevirtualmachine. 3 4 5 ChooseVM>ACE>NewPackage. CompletetheNewPackagewizard. (Optional)Ifyouarepromptedtoselectapackagedistributionformatandyou selectMultiplefoldersforcreatingDVDsorCDs,writedownthedisclabelprefix youspecify. Whenyoulaterusediscburningsoftwaretocreatethediscs,thenameyouenter foreachdiscmustbethesameasthenameofthefolderthewizardcreatestohold thatdiscscontents(forexample,DISC1,DISC2). 6 Tobeginthepackagingprocess,clickNextonthePackageSummarypage. Packagecreationtakesasubstantialamountoftime,especiallyforpackagesthat includelargevirtualmachinesorinstancecustomizationsettings. Duringtheinstancecustomizationstage,iftheguestoperatingsystemdoesnot shutdownafterapproximately10minutes,theproblemmightbethattheSysprep toolswerenotinplace.Theoperationiscancelledandanerrormessagetellsyou thatinstancecustomizationfailed. ThePackageCreationCompletepageappearswhentheprocessiscomplete.Itlists thelocationofthenewlycreatedpackageandprovidesalinktothepackage directory.
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Dependingonwhichdistributionmethodyouchose,dooneofthefollowing: Ifyoucreatedasinglefilefornetworkdistribution,copythefiletothe appropriatelocationonanetwork. IfyoucreatedoneormorefilesfordistributiononCDorDVD,use discburningsoftwaretocreatethediscs.Followtheseguidelines: Thedisclabelyouenterinyourdiscburningsoftwareforeachdiscmust bethesameasthenameofthefolderthewizardcreatestoholdthatdiscs contents. Burnthecontentsofeachdiscontothetoplevelofthedisc. Thepackageinstallerexpectstofindonlythecontentsofthefolder,and notthefolderitself,attherootlevelonthedisc.Ifyouburnthefolder itselfontothedisc,whenyouattempttoinstallthecontentsofthesecond orsubsequentdiscsontheusersmachine,theerror1309,Error reading from file <filename>,appears.
View Package Properties and Add Notes

UsethePackagePropertiesdialogboxtoviewpropertiesofthepackagesthatyou created.AlsoaddoreditnotesthatappearinthesummaryviewoftheACEenabled virtualmachine. To view package properties and add notes 1 2 3 4 5 OpentheACEenabledvirtualmachine. ChooseView>CurrentView>Summary. OnthePackagestab,doubleclickthepackagename. InthePackagePropertiesdialogbox,clickthetabstoviewtheproperties. ClicktheNotestabtoaddoreditnotes. Existingnotesmighthavebeenaddedwhenthepackagewascreatedusingthe NewPackagewizard.Thesenotesarenotbeseenbyendusers.Theyarevisible onlyintheWorkstationwindow.
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Perform an End-to-End Deployment Test

PerformanendtoendtesttodeployanewACEpackageratherthanapackageupdate. Alsouseanendtoendtestifusingpreviewmodeisnotappropriate. BecauseWorkstationrunsonlyonWindowshosts,youcannotusepreviewmodeto runACEinstancesastheywillrunonLinuxhosts.Youalsocannottestahostpolicyin previewmode. NOTEThistestmighttakeasubstantialamountoftimebecausepackagingand encryptionprocessescanbelengthy. Beforeyoubegin,ifyouplantouseanACEManagementServertomanagetheACE instances,installandconfigureatestACEManagementServer.SeetheVMwareACE ManagementServerAdministratorsGuide. To perform an end-to-end deployment test 1 2 3 4 5 6 IfyouusetheACEManagementServer,selecttheACEenabledvirtualmachine, chooseFile>ConnecttoACEManagementServer,andconnecttothetestserver. Inthevirtualmachinessummaryview,clickCreatenewpackageinthe Commandslist. CompletetheNewPackagewizard. Navigatetothepackagelocationandcopythepackagedirectorytoaclienttest machine. Ontheclienttestmachine,runtheACEinstancessetup.exefileandcompletethe pagesoftheinstallationwizard. StarttheACEinstanceandactivateitwhenprompted. Dependingonhowyouconfiguredthepackage,aStartmenuitemoradesktop shortcutorbotharecreatedontheclientmachine.Dependingontheruntime preferencesyouset,theACEinstancemightstartinfullscreenmodewhenthe hostsystemstarts. 7 VerifythattheACEinstanceisconfiguredasyouintendedandrunsasyouexpect.
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IfyouuseACEManagementServer,connecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineto theproductionserver. Ontheadministratormachine,inWorkstation,selecttheACEenabledvirtual machineandchooseFile>ConnecttoACEManagementServer,andconnectto theproductionserver.
IfyouuseACEManagementServer,createanewpackage. Thepackageyoucreatedforthetestreferstotheserveryouusedfortesting. Instancescreatedfromthatpackagerefertothetestserver.
Deploy Packages
DeployingpackagesmeansmakingtheACEpackageavailabletoendusers.You specifythedistributionmethodwhenyoucreatethepackage. To deploy packages Dependingonthetypeofpackage,dooneofthefollowing: Forafull,policyupdate,serverupdate,orcustompackage,distributethepackage onCDorDVD,ormakethepackageavailableonanetwork. ForaPocketACEpackage,seeDeployingtheACEPackageonaPortableDevice onpage 443.
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21
Pocket ACE
21
ThePocketACEfeatureenablesyoutostoreACEinstancesonportabledevicessuchas USBkeys(flashmemorydrives),AppleiPodmobiledigitaldevices,andportablehard drives.ACEusersattachtheseportabledevicestox86hostcomputers,runtheirACE instanceswithVMwarePlayer,andthendetachtheportabledevices.Thenexttime theyneedaccesstotheirACEinstances,theycanattachthedevicestothesamehost computersortodifferentcomputers. UsePocketACEtopackageadailycomputingenvironmentandallowenduserstotake thatenvironmentincludingdocuments,settings,applications,andVPN accesswherevertheyneedtogo. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics: UseCasesforPocketACEonpage 440 PortableDeviceRequirementsonpage 441 PoliciesandDeploymentSettingsforPocketACEonpage 442 CreateaPocketACEPackageonpage 442 DeployingtheACEPackageonaPortableDeviceonpage 443 RunthePocketACEInstanceonpage 445
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Use Cases for Pocket ACE

UsethefollowingscenariostodeterminewhentousePocketACEandwhichkindsof policiestosetforvarioussituations: ProvidingaccesstoemployeesworkingremotelyEmployeesoftenusetheir ownhomecomputerforaccessingenterpriseresourcesremotely.Unmanaged clientscanbeinfectedbymalwareorspyware.Inaddition,thereisariskoflost dataifaremoteuserdownloadssensitivedatatoapersonalcomputer.Thereis alsotheaddedburdenofdeployingandmanagingthesoftwareneededbyremote users. UsingPocketACE,ITadministratorscandeployatrusted,managed,andmore securevirtualdesktopinstancetoremoteusers.ThevirtualdiskofthePocketACE canbeencryptedtominimizetheriskoflostdata.Bysettingspecificnetwork quarantinepolicies,administratorscanstrictlycontroltrafficbetweenthe untrustedclientandPocketACEinstance,protectingtheenterprisefromcreating acompromisedhost. IncreasingthesecurityandmobilityofmobileusersMobileusersoftenaccess orcarrysensitivedataoutsidetheenterpriseusinglaptopsorothermobiledevices. ThequestionforITorganizationsisnotif,butwhen,amobileuserslaptopwillbe lostorstolen,leadingtothelossofsensitiveorconfidentialdata. UsingPocketACEtodeployadesktopenvironmenttomobileusers,IT administratorscanreducetheriskoflostdatawhilealsoincreasingusersmobility becausePocketACEinstancecanbeusedwithanysupportedx86system.A desktopinstancewithanencrypteddiskcanbedeployedtomobileusers.Using ACEManagementServer,alostorstolenPocketACEcanbedisabledremotely. Providingtemporaryaccesstocontractworkersusinguntrustedhosts Contractorsandbusinesspartnersoftenconnecttotheenterprisenetworkfrom unknownoruntrustedclients.PocketACEcanbeusedtoprovideastandardized, trusted,andmanagedenvironmenttotheseuserswhileenablingsafeconnectivity toenterpriseresources. Forcontractors,thePocketACEinstancecanbeconfiguredtobeavailableonly duringthelengthofthecontract.Whentheexpirationdateisreached,the contractorcannolongerusethePocketACEinstance.
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Chapter 21 Pocket ACE
ProvidingaccesstooffshoreoutsourcepartnersTypically,offshorepartners manageandownthedesktopsystemstheyuse.Becausetheseresourcesareowned byanoutsideorganization,theydonotfallunderstandardITpolicy.Insome cases,desktopsystemsarepurchased,imaged,andshippedtoanoffshorepartner foraccessingtheenterprise.Thisisoftenalengthyandcostlyprocess. WithPocketACE,ITadministratorscaneasilydeployatrusted,managed,and moresecurevirtualdesktopinstancetooffshorepartners.Thevirtualdesktop instancescanbedistributedusingportablemediaordownload.Securityfeatures includethedataencryptionfeatureandthenetworkquarantineandrestriction featuresalreadymentioned. ProvidingdisasterrecoveryUsingPocketACE,organizationscaneasilypackage desktopinstanceswithallthenecessaryenterpriseapplicationsforuseinthecase ofadisaster.Theseinstancescanbedeployedtoportablemediadevicesandstored safelyinasecureoffsitefacility.Ifadisasteroccurs,thePocketACEinstancescan bequicklydistributedandused. DistributingbetaortrialsoftwareUsingPocketACE,ISVscandistribute softwarepreinstalledasavirtualapplianceeitherbydownloadoronaportable mediadevice.AnISVcanprovideacompleteworkingenvironment,ensuringno compatibilityissues.CustomEULAscanbecreatedandusedtoensurethatauser acceptstheagreementpriortousinganACEinstance.Inaddition,anexpiration periodcanbesetthatdisablesanACEinstanceafteranallottedperiodoftime.
Portable Device Requirements

YoucaninstallACEpackagesonthefollowingtypesofdevices: Flashmemorydrives(USBkeys) FlashbasedAppleiPodmobiledigitaldevices HarddrivebasedAppleiPodmobiledigitaldevices Portableharddrives ForUSBdevices,useUSB2highspeeddevicesonly. WhenaPocketACEpackageisdeployedtoaremovabledevice,thevirtualdiskis preallocatedtofullcapacityforenhancedperformance.Makesurethattheremovable devicehasenoughdiskspacetostorethevirtualdiskstotalcapacity,memory,and approximately300MBforoverhead.SeeUsetheNewVirtualMachineWizardon page 86.
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Policies and Deployment Settings for Pocket ACE

SomepoliciesapplyonlytoPocketACE.YoucansetPocketACEclosebehaviorby editingtheruntimepreferencespolicy. ClosebehaviordetermineswhethertheACEinstanceispoweredofforsuspended whentheuserexitsandwhetherchangesaresynchronizedontheremovabledevice. SeePocketACECacheSettingsonpage 399. PocketACEignoressomepolicies.Althoughyoucansethostandsnapshotpoliciesand createapackagethatincludesthem,PocketACEinstancesignorethesepolicies. AdministratorscannotreverttoreimagesnapshotswhenrunningaPocketACEin administratormodeinVMwarePlayer.
Create a Pocket ACE Package

Beforeyoubegin,determinethefollowinginformation,whichisspecifictoPocket ACE: Makesuretheportabledevicemeetsthehardwareanddiskspacerequirementsfor PocketACE.SeePortableDeviceRequirementsonpage 441. DeterminewhetheryouwanttodeploythePocketACEtoWindowsmachines, 32bitLinuxmachines,64bitLinuxmachines,orsomecombination.Yourchoices affectthediskspacerequirements. Determinethepasswordyouwanttouseforanyonewhoattemptstodeploythe packagetoaportabledevice. Ifyoudonotwanttorequireapassword,makesuretheaccesscontrolpolicys authenticationtypeissettoNone.Makesuretheencryptiondeploymentsetting forpackageprotectionissettoNone. Inaddition,completethetaskslistedinPrerequisitesforUsingthePackaging Wizardsonpage 433. To create a Pocket ACE package 1 2 OpentheACEenabledvirtualmachinetouseasthebasisforthepackage. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoffratherthansuspended. Whenyouexitpreviewmode,bydefaultVMwarePlayersuspendsthevirtual machine.Ifnecessary,useWorkstationtopoweroffthevirtualmachine. 3 TocreateanewPocketACEoranupdatepackage,chooseVM>ACE>New PocketACEPackage.
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Completethewizard. WhenyouspecifyalocationontheNamethePackagepage,choosealocationon theadministratormachine.Donotspecifyalocationontheportabledevice.You deploythepackagetothedeviceafterthepackageiscreated. TheCompletingthePocketACEPackageWizardpageappearswhentheprocess iscomplete.
(Optional)Todeploythepackageimmediately,selectDeploytoaportabledevice now.
Ifyoudonotdeploythepackageimmediately,seeDeployingtheACEPackageona PortableDevice.
Deploying the ACE Package on a Portable Device

YoucandeploymultipleACEpackagesonasingleportabledevice.Theonlylimitation onthenumberofpackagesistheamountofavailablespaceonthedevice. Runthedeploy.exefiletousetheGUIdeploymentutility.UsethebulkDeploy.exe programtousethecommandlinedeploymentutility.Youcancreateabatchfilethat containsmultiplebulkDeploycommandstodeploymultipleACEpackagestoa portabledevice. Thewizardautomaticallypreallocatesdiskspaceandsplitsthediskinto2GBsegments. ThePocketACEinstanceisreencryptedduringthedeploymentinsteadofafterthe usersfirstrunoftheinstance.Forthisreencryption,thepolicyappliedisthepackage protectionpolicythatwasinplaceatthetimeofpackaging.
Use the Graphical Utility to Deploy Pocket ACE Packages

Beforeyoubegin,makesuretheremovabledevicemeetsthehardwareanddiskspace requirements.SeePortableDeviceRequirementsonpage 441. To use the graphical utility to deploy Pocket ACE packages 1 2 3 4 NavigatetothepackagelocationyouspecifiedintheNewPocketACEPackage wizard. Doubleclickthedeploy.exe file. IftheEnterPassworddialogboxappears,enterthedeploymentpassword. CompletetheVMwarePocketACEDeployUtilitydialogboxandclickDeploy.
WhenyoudistributethePocketACE,giveitdirectlytotheuserandtelltheusertokeep thePocketACEsecureuntiltheuserrunstheACEandchangestheuserpassword.
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Use the Command-Line Utility to Deploy Pocket ACE Packages

ThebulkDeploy.exeutilityisacommandlineversionoftheVMwarePocketACE DeployUtilitydialogbox(deploy.exe).UsebulkDeploy.execommandsinabatch filetodeployoneormorePocketACEpackagestothesameormultipletarget directoriesorremovabledevices. Beforeyoubegin,makesuretheremovabledevicemeetsthehardwareanddiskspace requirements.SeePortableDeviceRequirementsonpage 441. IfyouplantodeploythePocketACEpackagetoacustomfolderratherthana removabledrive,createthefolder. To use the command-line utility to deploy Pocket ACE packages 1 Openacommandpromptandchangedirectoriestothepackagelocationyou specifiedintheNewPocketACEPackagewizard. Forexample,enterthefollowingcommand:
cd C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\My Documents\ Virtual Machines\ACE-Enabled Virtual Machine\Packages\Pocket ACE Package
Enterthefollowingbulkdeploymentcommandandspecifythenecessary parameters:
bulkDeploy.exe <deployment_directory> <parameters>
The<deployment_directory>valuecanspecifyaremovabledriveoracustomfolder.
Parameter -p -s Usage Deploymentpassword.Requiredwhenthepackageispasswordprotected. Pathtothe.vmxfileonthehost.Usethisparameteronlyifyouusea bulkDeploy.exefilethatisnotlocatedinsidethesamePocketACE packageasthe.vmxfileyouwanttodeploy. Parametertoturnoffreportingtheprogressofthebulkdeployment. PerformsaspeedtesttodeterminewhethertheUSBdeviceandthehost USBstackarefastenoughforPocketACE.Ifthetestissuccessful,0is returned.Ifitfails,anegativenumberisreturned.Thistestisalwaysdone atruntimewhenthePocketACEisopened.Itisdonewhenyouusethe bulkDeploycommandonlyifyouusethe-tparameter.
-q -t
Forexample,
bulkDeploy.exe E: -p password -s C:\pocketACEPackage\VM\packagedVMX.vmx -q -t
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(Optional)TodeployaPocketACEpackagetomultiplelocations,ortodeploy multiplepackagestothesameormultiplelocations,createabatchfilewitha bulkDeploy.execommandoneachline. Usequotationmarksforpathsthatcontainspaces.Followingisanexampleofa batchfile:

"C:\My VMs\vm_1\Packages\Pkg_1\bulkDeploy.exe" E: -p password -q -t "C:\My VMs\vm_1\Packages\Pkg_1\bulkDeploy.exe" F: -p password -s "C:\My VMs\vm_2\Packages\Pkg_2\VM\Pkg_2.vmx" -q -t "C:\My VMs\vm_1\Packages\Pkg_1\bulkDeploy.exe" F: -p password -s "C:\My VMs\vm_3\Packages\Pkg_3\VM\Pkg_3.vmx" -q -t
Run the Pocket ACE Instance

AfteryoudeployaPocketACEpackagetoaremovabledevice,runningitusually involvesonlypluggingitin. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatthehostcomputersclockissettothecorrecttime.If youmoveaPocketACEfromonehostcomputertoanotherandtheclockofthesecond hostisearlierthantheclockofthefirst,thePocketACEdoesnotrun. WhentheACEinstanceruns,itsdiskandcheckpointcachesareinitialized.IfthePocket ACEhasasessiononthishost,thatsessioncontinues.Otherwiseanewsessionis started. Thecheckpointstateandvirtualdiskarecachedonthehostduringuseand synchronizedbacktotheportabledevicelater.Thecheckpointstateandvirtualdiskare protectedwiththesameencryptionlevelusedfortheACEinstanceontheportable device. ThePocketACErunsprimarilyfromthehostcache,althoughitoccasionallyreadsfrom theparentdiskontheportabledevice.TheACEinstancedoesnotwritetotheparent diskuntilsynchronization.
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To run a pocket ACE instance 1 2 Plugtheportabledeviceintothehostcomputer. IfthehostsystemsautorunconfigurationisnotsettostarttheACEinstance automatically,dooneofthefollowing: OnWindowshosts,navigatetotheremovabledeviceandrunthePocketACE. Usually,startingthePocketACEmanuallyisnotnecessary.Theautorun programisincludedinthepackageandcheckswhetherVMwarePlayeris installed.Ifnot,VMwarePlayerisinstalledautomatically. OnLinuxsystems,installVMwarePlayerfromthePlayerdirectoryonthe USBdrive. Forexample,iftheUSBdriveismountedat/media/USBFLASH,navigateto /media/USBFLASH/player. InstallVMwarePlayerasdescribedinManuallyInstallVMwarePlayer onaLinuxHostonpage 451. UseVMwarePlayertoopenthe.vmx fileandstarttheACEinstance(see InstalltheACEInstanceonaSingleLinuxHostonpage 452).
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22
Installing ACE Packages
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Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics: InstallinganACEPackageonaWindowsHostonpage 447 InstallinganACEPackageonaLinuxHostonpage 451 UpgradingACEInstancestoACE2.5onpage 455 StartandUseanACEInstanceonpage 456 InstallanACEClientLicenseonpage 460 QuitVMwarePlayeronpage 460 TroubleshootingToolsonpage 461
Installing an ACE Package on a Windows Host

IfanenduserscomputerdoesnotalreadyhaveVMwareACEorVMwarePlayer installed,thefirsttimeyouinstallanACEpackage,VMwarePlayerisinstalledalong withtheACEinstance. YoucaninstallACEinstancesononehostatatime,oryoucanusethesilentinstallation featuresoftheMicrosoftWindowsInstallertoquicklyinstallanACEinstanceon multiplecomputers.
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Install an ACE Instance on a Single Windows Host

IfVMwarePlayerisnotalreadyinstalledonthemachine,theinstallationprogram installsitbeforeinstallingthevirtualmachinefilesthatmakeuptheACEinstance. Beforeyoubegin,considerthefollowingprerequisites: MakesurethehostcomputerhasenoughdiskspacefortheACEinstance. IfthisisthefirstinstallationofanACEinstanceontheusersmachine,auserwith administrativeprivilegesmustruntheinstallation.Onlyauserwith administrativeprivilegescaninstallanduninstallVMwarePlayer. IftheACEinstanceincludesahostpolicy,auserwithadministrativeprivileges mustruntheinstallation.Ahostpolicyisahostnetworkaccesspolicyorapolicy thatrestrictswhichvirtualmachinescanrunonahost.SeeSettingNetwork AccessPoliciesonpage 385andControlWhichACEInstancesRunonaHost onpage 404. Onlyonesetofhostpoliciescanbedeployedtoaparticularhost.Ifapackage containshostpoliciesandthehostalreadycontainshostpoliciesfromanother package,installationofthesecondpackagefails. To install an ACE instance on a single Windows host 1 IfVMwarePlayerisnotyetinstalledontheusersmachine,logintothehost computerastheAdministratoruserorasauserwhoisamemberoftheWindows Administratorsgroup. DependingonwhetheryouareinstallingfromaCD,DVD,ornetworklocation,do oneofthefollowing: ForCDsandDVDs,insertthefirstdisc. Foranetworklocation,navigatetothelocationoftheinstaller. 3 4 Findthesetup.exefileanddoubleclickit. Followtheprompts.
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Chapter 22 Installing ACE Packages
Installing an ACE Package Silently on Multiple Windows Hosts

IfyouareinstallingaVMwareACEpackageonanumberofWindowshostcomputers, youmightwanttousethesilentinstallationfeaturesoftheMicrosoftWindows Installer.Thistypeofinstallationrequiresthatthehostcomputershaveversion2.0or lateroftheMSIruntimeengine.Thisversionoftheinstallerisavailableinversionsof WindowsbeginningwithWindowsXP.Iftheruntimeengineisnotinstalled,see InstalltheMSI2.0RuntimeEnginefromanACEPackageonpage 449.
Install the MSI 2.0 Runtime Engine from an ACE Package

TheinstallerfortheMSI2.0runtimeengineisincludedintheVMwareACEpackage astheinstmsiw.exe file. To install the MSI 2.0 runtime engine from an ACE package 1 2 Onthehostcomputer,openacommandprompt. Enterthefollowingcommand:
instmsiw.exe /Q
ForadditionaldetailsonhowtousetheMicrosoftWindowsInstaller,seetheMicrosoft Website.
Install an ACE Instance on Multiple Hosts

YoucanusetheMicrosoftWindowsInstallercommandlineinterfacetosilentlyinstall anACEinstanceonmanycomputers.Endusersarenotpromptedforinformation duringtheinstallationprocess. Beforeyoubegin,verifythatthehostcomputershaveversion2.0orlateroftheMSI runtimeengine. Youcancustomizethebasicpackageinstallationcommandtospecifyoneormoreof thefollowing: InstallationdirectoryfortheACEinstance InstallationdirectoryforVMwarePlayer Installationwithoutadesktopicon Youcanalsoinstallanupgradesilently.Anupgradeisalwaysinstalledinthesame directoryordirectoriesasthepreviouspackage.
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To install the ACE instance on multiple hosts 1 2 Onthehostcomputer,openacommandprompt. Enterthefollowingcommand:

setup.exe /s/v"/qn"
ThiscommandinstallsthepackageandVMwarePlayer(ifincluded)intothe defaultlocationsandcreatesashortcutfortheACEinstanceonthedesktop.The defaultlocationfortheVMwarePlayerapplicationisC:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Player. ThedefaultlocationforthevirtualmachinefilesonaWindowsXPsystemis C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\VMware ACE\<ACE_name>. 3 Tocustomizethepackage,enterthefollowingcommand:
msiexec -i package.msi <installation_options>
Enterthecommandononeline.Theinstallationoptionsfollow.
Option DESKTOP_SHORTCUTS INSTALLDIR PLAYER_INSTALLDIR Description Whensetto0,skipsinstallationoftheACEinstanceshortcuton thedesktop.Thedefaultis1. SetstherootinstallationdirectoryfortheACEinstance. SetstherootinstallationdirectoryfortheVMwarePlayer application.
Thefollowingexamplecommandillustratestheoptionsandtheirusage:
msiexec -i package.msi DESKTOP_SHORTCUTS=0 INSTALLDIR="G:\packages" PLAYER_INSTALLDIR="C:\VMware\VMware Player" /qn
Uninstall VMware Player or an ACE instance from a Windows Host

UninstallingVMwarePlayerdoesnotuninstalltheACEinstance.Onlythe AdministratoruserorauserwhoisamemberoftheWindowsAdministratorsgroup canuninstallVMwarePlayer. UninstallinganACEinstancedoesnotuninstalltheVMwarePlayerapplication.When youremoveanACEinstance,theACEinstancesdatafiles,shortcuts,andregistry entriesareremoved.YoudonotneedtobeanAdministratorusertouninstallanACE instance.
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To uninstall VMware Player or an ACE instance from a Windows host 1 2 3 4 GotoStart>ControlPanel>AddorRemovePrograms>ChangeorRemove Programs. SelecttheVMwarePlayerprogramortheACEinstanceandclickRemove. Followtheinstructionsinthewizard. (Optional)IfyouusedPocketACEonthishostandwanttoremovethePocketACE cachetoconservediskspace,deletethefollowingfolder:
C:\Documents and Settings\<user>\Local Settings\Application Data\VMware\Roaming VM cache\
Inthispath,<user>representsauserspecificdirectory.Ifmorethanoneuserused PocketACEonthehost,youmustremovethedirectoryforeachuser.
Installing an ACE Package on a Linux Host

IfanenduserscomputerdoesnotalreadyhaveVMwareACEorVMwarePlayer installed,VMwarePlayerisautomaticallyinstalledwhenyouruntheACEpackages VMware-Player.bundlefileasrootorsudo. YoucaninstallACEinstancesononehostatatime,oryoucansilentlyinstallanACE instanceonmultiplecomputers.
Manually Install VMware Player on a Linux Host

ManuallyinstallVMwarePlayeronsystemswheretheenduserdoesnothaveroot accessanddoesnotalreadyhaveVMwareACEorVMwarePlayerinstalled. To manually install VMware Player on a Linux host 1 Inaterminalwindow,enterthefollowingcommandtobecometherootuser:
su
MounttheACEpackage,andlocatetheVMwarePlayerinstallerinthepackage directory. Dependingonwhetherthehostisa32bitcomputerora64bitcomputer,yousee oneofthefollowingfilenames: VMware-Player-i386.bundle VMware-Player-x86_64.bundle
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Copythe.bundlefiletoatemporarydirectoryontheharddrive. Forexample,ifyouhavea64bitcomputerandyouwanttoputthefileinthe/tmp directory,enterthefollowingcommand:

cp VMware-Player-x86_64.bundle /tmp
Enterthefollowingcommandtochangetothedirectorytowhichyoucopiedthe file:
cd /tmp
Enterthefollowingcommandtoruntheinstallationprogram:
sh VMware-Player-<architecture>.bundle
The<architecture>valueiseitheri386,for32bitsystems,orx86_64,for64bit systems. 6 Followthewizardpromptsthatappear. OnmostLinuxdistributions,aGUIwizardappears.OnRedHatEnterpriseLinux 5.1andsomeotherdistributions,acommandlinewizardappears.Inthe commandlinewizard,toquicklyscrolltotheendofthelicenseagreement prompt,pressqandaccepttheagreement. 7 Wheninstallationiscompleted,enterthefollowingcommandtoexitfromthe rootaccount:

exit
Install the ACE Instance on a Single Linux Host

OnlytheuserwhoinstallstheACEinstanceorauserwithnecessarypermissions(such asroot)isallowedtorunthatACEinstance.IfVMwarePlayerisnotalreadyinstalled onthemachine,itisautomaticallyinstalledwhenyouruntheACEpackages VMware-Player.bundleasrootorsudo. Beforeyoubegin,considerthefollowingprerequisites: MakesurethehostcomputerhasenoughdiskspacefortheACEinstance. TheACEpackagemustbeaccessibletotheLinuxusermachinesforinstallation.
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IfthisisthefirstinstallationofanACEinstanceontheusermachine,arootuser mustruntheinstallation.OnlyarootusercaninstallanduninstallVMwarePlayer. IftheACEinstanceincludesahostpolicy,arootusermustruntheinstallation.A hostpolicyisahostnetworkaccesspolicyorapolicythatrestrictswhichvirtual machinescanrunonahost.SeeSettingNetworkAccessPoliciesonpage 385and ControlWhichACEInstancesRunonaHostonpage 404. Onlyonesetofhostpoliciescanbedeployedtoaparticularhost.Ifapackage containshostpoliciesandthehostalreadycontainshostpoliciesfromanother package,installationofthesecondpackagefails. To install an ACE instance on a single Linux host 1 2 3 Copythe.bundlefileforthepackagetothehostcomputer. Openaterminalwindowandchangetothepackagedirectory. Enterthefollowingcommandtoruntheinstallationprogram:
sh VMware-Player-<architecture>.bundle
The<architecture>valueiseitheri386,for32bitsystems,orx86_64,for64bit systems. 4 Followthewizardpromptsthatappear. OnmostLinuxdistributions,aGUIwizardappears.OnRedHatEnterpriseLinux 5.1andsomeotherdistributions,acommandlinewizardappears.Inthe commandlinewizard,toquicklyscrolltotheendofthelicenseagreement prompt,pressqandaccepttheagreement.
Install an ACE Package Silently on Multiple Linux Hosts

YoucansilentlyinstallanACEinstanceonmanycomputers.Endusersarenot promptedforinformationduringtheinstallationprocess. To install the ACE instance on multiple Linux hosts 1 2 Copythe.bundlefileforthepackagetothefirsthostcomputer. Openaterminalwindowandenterthefollowingcommand:
<path_to_package>/sh VMware-Player-<architecture>.bundle --required
ThiscommandinstallsthepackageandVMwarePlayer(ifincluded)intothe defaultlocations.Onlythelicenseagreementpromptappears,ifaEULAis includedinthepackage. 3

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Repeatthisprocedureforotherhosts.
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Prepare a Linux Host for Running in Kiosk Mode

OnLinuxhosts,ifyouplantousekioskmodetopreventusersfromaccessingthehost operatingsystem,youmustsetsomeadditionalproperties.Ifyoudonotpreparethe host,usersmightbeabletousekeyboardshortcutsorothermechanismstoaccessthe hostwheninkioskmode. Beforeyoubegin,createanACEinstancethatusesakioskmodepolicyandinstalliton aLinuxhost.SeeSettingKioskModePoliciesonpage 402andInstallinganACE PackageonaLinuxHostonpage 451. ThepreferredwindowmanagersforrunningACEinstancesinkioskmodeare F VirtualWindowManager(FVWM)andMetacity. To prepare a Linux host for running in kiosk mode 1 Useatexteditortoaddthefollowinglinestothehosts~/.vmware/preferences file:
pref.grabOnKeyPress = "TRUE" pref.grabOnMouseClick = "TRUE"
AddthefollowinglinestocreateaServerFlagssectioninthe /etc/X11/xorg.conffile:
Section "ServerFlags" Option "DontZoom" "true" Option "DontZap" "true" Option "DontVTSwitch" "true" EndSection
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RestarttheXsession. Manuallydisableallkeyboardshortcutsinhostswindowmanager. IftheDeskbarappletprogramisusedinthepanelonthehost,removeitby rightclickingitandselectingRemovefromPanel. Ifyoudonotremovethisapplet,ausercanpressthekeyboardcombinationfor exitingkioskmodeandthenpressAlt+F3toaccessthehostfilesystem.
Topreventthehostsfilebrowserfromopeningwhenaremovabledeviceis connectedtothehost,disabletheapplicableoptionsinthehostssystem preferencesandfilebrowserpreferences. Forexample,openafilebrowseronthehostandselectEdit>Preferences>Media anddeselecttheBrowsemediawheninsertedcheckbox.Also,fromthehosts Systemmenu,selectPreferences>RemovableDevices,orsimilarlynamedtabs, anddeselectthecheckboxes.
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Uninstall VMware Player or an ACE Instance from a Linux Host

ACEuserscanuninstallonlytheACEinstancesthattheyinstalled.Onlytherootuser canuninstallothersACEinstances.UninstallinganACEinstancedoesnotuninstall theVMwarePlayerapplication.WhenyouuninstallanACEinstance,theACE instancesdatafiles,shortcuts,andregistryentriesareuninstalled. UninstallingVMwarePlayerdoesnotuninstalltheACEinstance.Onlytherootuser canuninstallVMwarePlayer. To uninstall VMware Player or an ACE instance from a Linux host 1 2 Onthehostcomputer,openaterminalwindow. Dooneorbothofthefollowing: TouninstallanACEinstance,enterthefollowingcommand:
<path_to_instance_directory>./vmware-uninstall-ace.pl
TouninstallVMwarePlayer,enterthefollowingcommand:
/usr/bin/vmware-uninstall
(Optional)IfyouusedPocketACEonthishostandwanttoremovethePocketACE cachetoconservediskspace,deletethefollowingdirectory:
/home/<user>/.vmware/roamcache
Inthispath,<user>representsauserspecificdirectory.Ifmorethanoneuserused PocketACEonthehost,youmustremovethedirectoryforeachuser.
Upgrading ACE Instances to ACE 2.5

IfyouhaveACE2.0instances,youcanuseWorkstation6.5andACEManagement Server2.5tosendnewACE2.5policiestoendusers. Althoughnewpolicies,suchasPockACEcachesettingsandnetworkadaptersettings canbeusedonACE2.0endpoints,thevirtualmachineversionisnotchanged.To upgradeendusersvirtualmachinehardwareversion,youmustcreateafullpackage anduseittoreplacetheexistingACEinstance. WhenyouuninstalltheolderACEinstanceandVMwarePlayerfromtheusers computer,theenduserlosesanydataorcustomsettingsstoredintheoldACEinstance. Takethisconsiderationintoaccountwhenchoosingbetweenupgradingthehardware versionandcontinuingwiththecurrenthardwareversionbutaddingnewACE2.5 policies.
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Start and Use an ACE Instance

WhenyourunanACEinstance,VMwarePlayerstartsandopenstheinstance.Youstart theinstanceinthesamewaythatyoustartotherapplicationsonthehost. OneexceptionisiftheadministratorconfigurestheACEinstancetostartandruninfull screenmodewhenthehostsystemstarts.SeeSettingRuntimePreferencesPolicies onpage 397. DependingonhowtheACEinstanceisconfigured,endusersmightberequiredto enternopassword,one,ortwopasswordswhentheyruntheinstanceforthefirsttime. Thepossibilitiesare: Nopasswordsarerequiredatthefirstrunoftheinstanceoronsubsequentruns. Youmustenteronepasswordatthefirstrun,andthatpasswordissuppliedtoyou bytheadministrator.Onsubsequentrunsoftheinstance,nopasswordsare required. Youmustcreateapasswordatthefirstrun.Onsubsequentruns,youmustenter thatpassword. Youmustenteranadministratorsuppliedpasswordatthefirstrunandalsocreate apassword.Onsubsequentruns,youmustenteronlythepasswordthatyou created. Theadministratorcanalsorestricthowmanycharactersorwhichcharacterscanbe usedinpasswordsthatenduserscreate.SeeAuthenticationSettingsonpage 377. To start and use an ACE instance 1 Dependingonthehostoperatingsystem,dooneofthefollowing: OnWindowshosts,usethedesktopiconortheStartmenutostarttheACE instance. OnLinuxhosts,usetheApplicationsmenuorenterthefollowingcommand inaterminalwindow:
vmplayer <path_to__package_directory>/<name_of_ACE_vmx_file>.vmx
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Ifpromptedtoenterorcreateapassword,doso. IftheEnterSerialNumberdialogboxappears,dooneofthefollowing: Ifyouradministratorprovidedaserialnumber,enterit. Ifyouneedtopurchasealicense,clickGetSerialNumber.
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ClickinsidetheVMwarePlayerwindowtobeginusingtheguestoperatingsystem andtheapplicationsinstalledintheACEinstance. Youcanusetheoperatingsystemandapplicationsjustasyouwouldiftheywere runningdirectlyonaphysicalcomputer.
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(Optional)Tochangeapasswordthatyoucreated,chooseVMwarePlayer> ChangePassword. (Optional)FormoreinformationaboutusingVMwarePlayer,chooseVMware Player>Help.
Change Default Kiosk Mode Startup Behavior

IfanACEinstanceisconfiguredtoruninkioskmode,thevirtualmachinerunsinfull screenmodeanddoesnotdisplaytheACEmenubarorACEPlayeronlinehelp. Beforegoingintokioskmode,adialogboxappears,requiringtheusertoconsentto enteringkioskmode.Formoreinformation,seeSettingKioskModePolicieson page 402. YoucanuseacommandlinecommandtostartanACEinstanceinkioskmodewithout displayingtheusualwarningmessage. YoucanalsostarttheACEinstancesothatitisnotinkioskmode.Youcanthenusethe VMwarePlayermenustochangepreferencesettingsorenteradministratormodeifthe ACEinstanceisconfiguredforthatmode. To change default kiosk mode startup behavior 1 2 OpenacommandpromptonWindowshostsoraterminalwindowonLinuxhosts. Tosuppressthedialogboxusuallyshownatstartup,dooneofthefollowing: OnWindows,enterthefollowingcommand:
<path>\vmplayer.exe -k "<config-file>"
Inthiscommand,<path>isthepathonyoursystemtotheVMwarePlayer applicationfileand<config-file>isthepathtothevirtualmachine configuration(.vmx)file. OnLinux,enteroneofthefollowingcommands: vmplayer -k "<config-file>" vmplayer --noKioskWarning "<config-file>" Inthesecommands,<config-file>isthepathtothevirtualmachine configuration(.vmx)file.
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TostarttheACEinstancewithoutenteringkioskmode,dooneofthefollowing: OnWindows,enterthefollowingcommand:
<path>\vmplayer.exe -K "<config-file>"
NoticethecapitalK.Inthiscommand,<path>isthepathonyoursystemto theVMwarePlayerapplicationfileand<config-file>isthepathtothe virtualmachineconfiguration(.vmx)file. OnLinux,enteroneofthefollowingcommands: vmplayer -K "<config-file>" vmplayer --forceNoKiosk "<config-file>" Inthesecommands,<config-file>isthepathtothevirtualmachine configuration(.vmx)file. 4 Ifyouuseacommandtostarttheinstancewithoutenteringkioskmode,enterthe administratorpasswordwhenprompted.
Thisproceduredescribestypingthecommandatthecommandline,butyoucanalso usethecommandtocreateabatchfileoradesktopshortcut.SeeUsingStartup OptionsinaWindowsShortcutonpage 469.
Use Multiple Virtual Machines in Kiosk Mode

YoucanstartmultipleACEinstancesthatareconfiguredtoruninkioskmode.Youcan thenswitchbetweenvirtualmachinesbyusingakeyboardshortcut. Beforeyoubegin,createandpackagemultipleACEinstancesthatusethesame administratorpasswordforkioskmodeandthesamehotkeycombinationforexiting kioskmode.SeeSettingKioskModePoliciesonpage 402. Whenmultiplevirtualmachinesruninkioskmode,enduserscanpressthehotkey combinationalongwiththerightarroworleftarrowkeytoswitchtothenextor previousvirtualmachine.Forexample,ifthehotkeycombinationisCtrl+Alt,userscan pressCtrl+Alt+rightarrowtoswitchtothenextvirtualmachineorCtrl+Alt+leftarrow toswitchtothepreviousvirtualmachine.
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To use multiple virtual machines in kiosk mode 1 2 InstalltheACEinstancesonthehostmachine. Usethefollowingexamplestowriteabatchfileorscripttostartthevirtual machines: Windowsbatchfile:
cd Program Files\VMware\VMware Player start vmplayer.exe -k "C:\Documents and Settings\user1\My Documents\My Virtual Machines\ace1\ace1.vmx" sleep 20 start vmplayer.exe -k "C:\Documents and Settings\user1\My Documents\My Virtual Machines\ace2\ace2.vmx" sleep 20 start vmplayer.exe -k "C:\Documents and Settings\user1\My Documents\My Virtual Machines\ace3\ace3.vmx"
Linuxscriptfile:
#!/bin/bash vmplayer -k ~/vmware-ace/ace1/ace1.vmx & sleep 20 vmplayer -k ~/vmware-ace/ace2/ace2.vmx & sleep 20 vmplayer -k ~/vmware-ace/ace3/ace3.vmx &
The-kflagsuppressesthekioskmodedialogboxsothatyoudonotneedtoclick OKtoenterkioskmode. 3 Ifanyvirtualmachinesthatarenotsettoruninkioskmodeareopenorrunning onthehost,powerthemoffandclosethem. Thescriptcannotstartandrunvirtualmachinesinkioskmodeifany nonkioskmodevirtualmachinesareopen. 4 Runthebatchfileorscripttostartthevirtualmachinesinkioskmode.
Thevirtualmachinesarestartedintheorderlistedinthebatchfileorscript.Thefirst virtualmachinestarteddefinestheadministratorpasswordforkioskmodeandthe hotkeycombinationforexitingkioskmode.Ifasubsequentvirtualmachineinthelist hasadifferentpasswordorhotkey,itdoesnotstart.Ifasubsequentvirtualmachinein thelistisnotconfiguredtostartinkioskmode,itisnotallowedtostart.
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Install an ACE Client License

AnACEclientlicenseisadevicespecificlicense.DevicesincludePCs,laptops,and portablemediadevicessuchasUSBflashdrives(storingaPocketACE).Thedetailsof thelicensingtermsareprovidedintheenduserlicenseagreement(EULA)forACE publishedonwww.vmware.com. AlicenseddevicecanrunanynumberofACEinstances.TheACEclientlicenseis associatedwiththedeviceitisinstalledonandisnotrestrictedtoaspecificACE instance. Ifyoupurchaseavolumelicense,youdonotneedtoinstallclientlicenses. To install an ACE client license 1 2 3 4 ObtaintheACEclientlicenseserialnumberfromyourACEadministrator. DoubleclickthedesktopshortcutfortheinstalledACEinstance. Attheprompt,entertheserialnumberintheappropriatefieldandenteryour nameandtheorganizationnameinthedialogbox. ClickOK.
Change the ACE Client License

YoucanuseaVMwarePlayermenucommandtochangeorupdatealicense. To change the ACE Client License 1 2 ChooseVMwarePlayer>EnterACEClientLicense. Dooneofthefollowing: Entertheserialnumberinthedialogbox. Ifyouneedtopurchasealicense,clickGetSerialNumber. 3 ClickOK.
Quit VMware Player

Asabestpractice,quitVMwarePlayerbeforeyoushutdownthehostcomputer. To quit VMware Player ChooseVMwarePlayer>ExitonWindowshostsorVMwarePlayer>QuitonLinux hosts.
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Dependingontheconfiguredexitbehavior,theACEinstanceissuspendedorshuts downandthewindowcloses. Alsodependingontheconfiguration,endusersmightbeabletochangetheexit behaviorinthePreferencesdialogbox(Player>Preferences).
Troubleshooting Tools
VMwareACEincludessometroubleshootingtoolsthatallowadministratorsandhelp deskassistantstofixsomecommonproblemsthatusershavewithACEinstances,such asforgottenuserpasswords.Thetoolsare: ForstandaloneACEinstances: TheACETools,whichisacommandlinetool.SeeUsingthevmwareacetool CommandLineToolonpage 461. Thehotfixfeature,whichusersaccessfrombuttonsindialogboxes.See RespondtoHotFixRequestsonpage 463. FormanagedACEinstances,seetheVMwareACEManagementServer AdministratorsGuide.
Using the vmware-acetool Command-Line Tool

Thevmware-acetoolcommandlinetoolisatroubleshootingtoolthatenablesACE administratorstofixalimitedsetofproblemsforstandaloneACEinstancesdirectlyon anACEuserssystem. Youcanprovidethefollowingsolutionswithvmware-acetool: Settheuserspassword,sotheusercanruntheACEinstance. Setcopyprotection,sotheusercanruntheACEinstanceinanewlocation. Settheexpirationdate,sotheusercancontinuetouseanACEinstancethatispast itsscheduledexpirationdate. Theconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)fortheACEinstancemustbeontheACEusers machine.Thatis,youcannotusevmware-acetooltomakefixestofilesassociatedwith theinstanceunlesstheconfigurationfileisonthesamemachineasthosefiles. Youcanactuallyusethevmware-acetoolprogramtoresetpasswordsandfix expirationdatesonanothermachine,butyoumusthavethe.vmx,.vmpl,andace.dat filesfromtheuserallsetupinthesamedirectory.Thefollowingisanexampleofa vmware-acetoolcommand: vmware-acetool <command> <ACEconfigurationfile> <parameters>
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Table 22-1. Commands and Parameters for vmware-acetool

Command setPassword setExpirationDate allowCopy updateCurrentTime Parameters Pathtorecoverykeyfile Newexpirationdate Description SettheACEinstances password. SettheACEinstances expirationdate. AllowtheACEinstanceto runfromitscurrentlocation. Updatetheinternalpolicy clockofanACEinstanceto thecurrenttime. Netcloneconfigurationfile Pathtorecoverykeyfile Clonearegularvirtual machinefroman ACEenabledvirtual machine.
cloneToVM
Password Prompts
Allcommandspromptfortheadministrativetoolspassword.SeeSetting AdministratorModePoliciesonpage 401. ThesetPasswordcommandalsopromptsfortherecoverykeypasswordforthe privaterecoverykeyfile,anewACEinstancepassword,andconfirmationofthatnew password.SeeSetaRecoveryKeyforEncryptedACEInstancesonpage 380. Followingisanexampleofthecommand: vmware-acetool setPassword myACE.vmx recKey.priv
Expiration Dates
Thenewexpirationdatecanbepassedasoneofthefollowing: Anumberofdaysfromthecurrentdate AnabsolutedateintheformatYYYY-MM-DD AstartdateandanenddateintheformatYYYY-MM-DDYYYY-MM-DD Thespecialvalue"never",sothattheinstanceneverexpires Thespecialvalue"expired",sothattheinstanceexpiresimmediately
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Followingareexamplesofthecommand: vmware-acetool setExpirationDate myACE.vmx 30 vmware-acetool setExpirationDate myACE.vmx 2007-06-16 vmware-acetool setExpirationDate myACE.vmx "never" vmware-acetool allowCopy myACE.vmx 30
Respond to Hot Fix Requests

IfyouenablethehotfixfeatureforstandaloneACEinstances,userscaneasilyrequest helptoresolvethefollowingproblems: Lostorforgottenpassword ExpiredACEinstance CopyprotectedACEinstancerunfromanewlocation Forinformationaboutenablingthehotfixfeature,seeSettingHotFixPoliciesfor StandaloneACEInstancesonpage 403.Forinformationaboutsettingarecoverykey, whichyoumusthavetosendahotfixforalostorforgottenuserpassword,seeSeta RecoveryKeyforEncryptedACEInstancesonpage 380. Whenthehotfixfeatureisenabled,ifanenduserseesanotificationthattheACE instanceisexpiredorcopyprotected,aRequestHotFixbuttonappearsinthedialog box.Theuserclicksthisbutton,whichlaunchestheHotFixRequestwizard.This wizardgeneratesahotfixrequestfile.Theusercansubmitthisfiletotheadministrator asanemailattachmentorinsomeotherway. To respond to a hot fix request 1 2 3 4 Whenyoureceivethehotfixrequestfile,saveittoalocationthatyoucanaccess fromtheadministratormachinewhereWorkstationisinstalled. OpentheACEenabledvirtualmachinefortheinstancethatrequiresthehotfix. ChooseFile>Open. NavigatetothelocationofthehotfixrequestfileandclickOpen. AhotfixtabopensintheWorkstationwindow.Thehotfixtabdisplaystheusers nameandemailaddress,theproblemthatledtothehotfixrequest,andany additionalnotetheuserentered.
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ClickApprovehotfix. Entertheappropriateinformationinthedialogbox. Selectoneofthefollowingmethodsforsendingtheresponse: ClickSendhotfixonthehotfixtabandclickOK. Sendthehotfixfile.Itisinthesamefolderasthehotfixrequest.Thefile extensionforthefixfileis.vmhf.
Thedisplayonthehotfixtabshowsthestatusofthehotfixrequest,approvedor denied,andthedateonwhichyoutookaction. Theuserappliesthehotfixbydoubleclickingthehotfixfile.
Troubleshooting Setup Issues

OccasionallyACEendusershaveproblemsloggingintoadomainafterrunningthe ReverttoReimageSnapshotcommand.Theymightsometimesalsohaveproblems withdomainvalidationandnameresolution.
Login Issues After Reverting to a Reimage Snapshot

Problem:TheACEusercannotlogtheACEinstancebackintoadomainafterchoosing VMwarePlayer>Troubleshoot>ReverttoReimageSnapshot. Description:TheACEinstancehasaWindowsguestoperatingsysteminstalledand themachineaccountpasswordforthedomainisperiodicallyrenewedbydefault.Ifthe passwordisrenewedbythetimetheuserrevertstheACEinstancetothesnapshot,the snapshotspasswordisinvalidandloginfails. Solution:Toavoidthisproblem,ensurethatthefollowingsecuritypolicyisenabled: Refusemachineaccountpasswordchanges. YoucanenablethispolicyontheACEenabledvirtualmachine(affectingallinstances createdfromit)orontheprimarydomaincontroller.Fordetailsabouthowtochange thepolicy,seethefollowingMicrosoftarticles: LocalSecurityPoliciesGototheMicrosoftSupportsite,entertheMicrosoft knowledgebasearticleID175468inthesearchcriteria,andclickthefirstsearch result. PDCSecurityPoliciesGototheMicrosoftTechNetWebsiteandenterDomain controller:Refusemachineaccountpasswordchanges,inthesearchcriteria.
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Issues with Domain Validation or Name Resolution

Problem:WhenyoutrytojoinanACEenabledvirtualmachinetoadomain,domain validationornameresolutiondoesnotwork. Description:SomeACEenabledvirtualmachineswithcertainnetworkconfigurations mightdemonstratetheseproblems. Solution:ConsulttheMicrosoftknowledgebasearticle.GototheMicrosoftSupport Website,entertheMicrosoftknowledgebasearticleID314108inthesearchcriteria, andclickthefirstsearchresult.
Issues with Domain Joins for Windows Vista Guests

Problem:AnACEinstancerunningunderaWindowsVistaguestoperatingsystem cannotjointhelocaldomainandinstancecustomizationfailedwiththemessage NetDomainJoin function Error 1722: Could not join domain. Description:ACEinstancesrunningintheWindowsVistaoperatingsystemmight havethisproblem. Solution:Telltheusertopowerofftheinstanceandpoweritonagaintoretryinstance customization.Theproblemisintermittentandrestartingmightsolvetheproblem.
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Workstation Command-Line Reference
Thisappendixdiscussesthecommandlineoptionsthatareavailableforthevmware program. Forinformationaboutusingthevmware-fullscreencommandtousefullscreen switchmode,seeUsingvmwarefullscreentoRunaVirtualMachineonpage 361. Forinformationaboutusingthevmrunprogramtooperateteamsorvirtualmachines fromthecommandline,seemanualcalledUsingvmruntoControlVirtualMachines. Thisappendixincludesthefollowingtopics: StartupOptionsforWorkstationandVirtualMachinesonpage 467 UsingStartupOptionsinaWindowsShortcutonpage 469
Startup Options for Workstation and Virtual Machines

Table A1describesoptionsavailablewhenyourunWorkstationfromthecommand line.YoucantypethesecommandsinaLinuxterminalwindoworattheWindows commandprompt.Youcanalsocreatescriptstorunmultiplecommands.
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Thesyntaxforthiscommandis: OnaLinuxhostoperatingsystem:
/usr/bin/vmware [-n] [-x] [-X] [-m] [-t] [-q] [-s <variablename>=<value>] [-v] [/<path_to_virtual_machine>/<virtual_machine_name>.vmx] [X toolkit options]
OnaWindowshostoperatingsystem:
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\vmware.exe [-B] [-n] [-x] [-X] [-t] [-q] [-s <variablename>=<value>] [-v] [<path_to_virtual_machine>\<virtual_machine_name>.vmx]
Table A-1. Command-Line Options for the vmware Program

Option -n -B Description OpensanewWorkstationwindow. (Windowshostsonly)OpensanewWorkstationwindowbut hidesthesidebarandtoolbars.Onlythetabsofopenvirtual machinesareshown.Usingthisoptionhasthesameeffectas clickingtheWorkstationiconintheupperleftcornerofthe WorkstationwindowandchoosingHideControlsfromthe menuthatappears. Opensavirtualmachineorteaminanewtabintheexisting Workstationwindow. PowersonthevirtualmachinewhenWorkstationstarts.This isequivalenttoclickingthePowerOnbuttoninthe Workstationtoolbar. PowersonthevirtualmachineandswitchestheWorkstation windowtofullscreenmode. Startstheprograminquickswitchmode. Closesthevirtualmachinestabwhenthevirtualmachine powersoff.Ifnoothervirtualmachineisopen,italsoexits Workstation.Thisoptionisusefulwhentheguestoperating systemcanpoweroffthevirtualmachine. Setsthespecifiedvariabletothespecifiedvalue.Anyvariable namesandvaluesthatarevalidintheconfigurationfilecan bespecifiedonthecommandlinewiththe-sswitch. Displaystheproductname,version,andbuildnumber. Launchesavirtualmachinebyusingthespecifiedvirtual machineorteamconfigurationfile(.vmxor.vmtm file).
-t -x
-X -m -q
-s
-v <path_to_VM_or_team>
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Appendix A Workstation Command-Line Reference
OnLinuxhosts,Xtoolkitoptionscanbepassedasarguments,althoughsomeofthem (mostnotablythesizeandtitleoftheWorkstationwindow)cannotbeoverridden. XtoolkitoptionsarenotrelevantonaWindowshost.
Using Startup Options in a Windows Shortcut

Themostconvenientwaytousethestartupoptionsistoincorporatethemintothe commandthataWindowsshortcutgenerates. Tocreatetheshortcut,rightclicktheshortcutandclickProperties.IntheTargetfield, addanyswitchestouseafterthevmware.exefilename.Forexample,thefollowing commandlaunchestheWindowsMevirtualmachinespecified,powersiton,and switchestofullscreenmode:
"C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\vmware.exe -X C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\My Documents\My Virtual Machines\Windows Me\Windows Me.vmx"
Enclosetheentirecommandstringinquotationmarks.Theconfigurationfilehasa .vmxextensionbydefault.
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Using the Integrated Virtual Debugger for Eclipse
Thisdocumentcontainsthefollowingsections: InstallationRequirementsfortheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerEnvironmenton page 472 ManagingVirtualMachineLaunchConfigurationsonpage 477 RunningandDebuggingApplicationsinVirtualMachinesonpage 480 TheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerforEclipseprovidesaconfigurableinterfacebetween Eclipseandvirtualmachines,makingiteasytodevelopanddebugapplicationsthat runinmultipleoperatingsystemenvironmentsonasinglePC.Debuggingyour applicationsinvirtualmachinesenablesyoutoreproduceandrecorderrorswhile maintainingtheintegrityofthehostmachine. Youcanperformtypicaldebuggingtaskssuchaspausingatbreakpoints,stepping throughcode,andviewingandmodifyingthestateofyourapplication,allwithout impactingthehostenvironment.TheIntegratedVirtualDebuggeralsoenablesyouto: Managelaunchconfigurationsettingsforapplicationexecutionanddebuggingin virtualmachines. Startanapplicationdebuggingsessioninavirtualmachine. Startanapplicationinavirtualmachinewithoutdebugging. Startadebuggingsessionthatattachestoaprocessalreadyrunninginavirtual machine.
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UsingEclipselaunchconfigurations,youcanchooseavirtualmachineinwhichtorun yourapplicationanddeterminehowtheapplicationisexecuted.Whenconfigured,the IntegratedVirtualDebuggerfindsthevirtualmachine,powersitonifnecessary,sets uptheenvironmentbasedonyourconfigurationsettings,andstartsorattachestothe application. Toconfigurehowanapplicationisstartedinavirtualmachine,youcanspecify: Nameofthevirtualmachine(.vmxconfigurationfile). Accountcredentialsforguestconsole. (Optional)PathtotheJavaVirtualMachine(JVM)ontheguestsystem. (Optional)Locationsoffolderstobesharedbetweenthehostandtheguest. (Optional)ActionstoperformbeforelaunchinganapplicationfromEclipse, including: Reverttothemostrecentsnapshot. Runspecifiedpreexecutioncommands. (Optional)ActionstoperformafteranapplicationlaunchedfromEclipseis terminated,including: Runspecifiedpostexecutioncommands(forexample,toperformcleanup tasks). Setthevirtualmachinestateto: Suspended(default) Reverttothemostrecentsnapshot Poweredoff
Installation Requirements for the Integrated Virtual Debugger Environment

Reviewtherequirementsandrecommendationsinthissectionbeforefollowingthe instructionsinChapter 2,InstallingandUpgradingVMwareWorkstation,on page 37toinstalltheEclipseIntegratedVirtualDebuggerasanoptionalcomponentof Workstation6.5.Thissectiondescribestherequirementsforhostandguestsystems, Eclipse,andtheJavaRuntimeEnvironment(JRE).
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Appendix B Using the Integrated Virtual Debugger for Eclipse
WhenyouinstalltheIntegratedVirtualDebugger: TheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerplugin,ivd.jar,FoundryJavabindings,and theplugin.xmllaunchconfigurationfileareplacedinthe com.vmware.bfg_1.0.0subdirectoryoftheEclipseplugindirectory. AfteryourestartEclipse,theDebugmenuincludesthenewlaunchconfiguration typesVMwareattachtoapplicationandVMwareexecuteJavaapplication. TheselaunchconfigurationtypeshaveaVMwaretabthatenablesyoutoconfigure virtualmachinesettings. Youcandebuginmultiplevirtualmachinessimultaneously.Youcanalsodebug multiplesessionsinasinglevirtualmachine.

TheIntegratedVirtualDebuggercanrunonanysupportedhostoperatingsystemthat isrunningWorkstation6.5andhasEclipseinstalled.Eclipsemustberunningonthe samesystemasWorkstation6.5.Formoreinformationabout,seeEclipse Requirementsonpage 474.
Supported Host Operating Systems

TheIntegratedVirtualDebuggersupportsthefollowingWindows32bit,Linux 32bit, andLinux64bithostoperatingsystems. Table B-1. Windows and Linux Host Operating Systems
Operating System Windows32bit Edition WindowsVistaEnterpriseEdition,SP1 WindowsVistaBusinessEdition,SP1 WindowsVistaHomeBasicandPremiumEditions,SP1 WindowsVistaUltimateEdition,SP1,SP3 Listedversionsarealsosupportedwithnoservicepack. WindowsXPHomeEditionwithSP2orlaterservicepack WindowsXPProfessionalwithSP2orlaterservicepack Windows2000ServerSP3,SP4 Windows2000Professional,SP3,SP4 Windows2000AdvancedServer,SP3,SP4 Windows64bit WindowsXPProfessionalwithSP1orlaterservicepack
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Table B-1. Windows and Linux Host Operating Systems (Continued)

Operating System Linux32and64bit Edition RedHatEnterpriseLinuxWS4.5(Beta,formerlycalled4.0 Update5) RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAS4.0,updates1,2,3,4 RedHatEnterpriseLinuxES4.0,updates1,2,3,4 RedHatEnterpriseLinuxWS4.0,updates1,2,3,4 RedHatLinux9.0stock2.4.208,upgrade2.4.2020.9 UbuntuLinux6.10and6.06
NOTEWindows64bithostoperatingsystemsarenotcurrentlysupported.
Supported JRE Versions

ThehostsystemmustberunningaJREmeetingJava2PlatformStandardEdition (J2SE)5.0orhigherspecifications.J2SEconsistsoftheJREanddevelopertoolsfor compiling,debugging,andrunningapplicationswrittenintheJavalanguage. NOTEEclipsedisplaystheerrormessageunable to load classifanunsupported versionofJ2SEisbeingusedonthehostsystem.
Eclipse Requirements
YoumusthaveEclipse3.2or3.3installedonthehost.OnWindowsVistahosts,you musthaveEclipse3.2.2or3.3installed.OnlytheJavalanguageissupported. BydefaulttheEclipse3.3launcherloadstheJVMinamannerthatpreventscertainJava NativeInterface(JNI)callsusedintheVMwarepluginfromworkingon32bitLinux hosts.AworkaroundforthisissueistospecifythelocationoftheJVMbinaryusingthe -vmflag,forexample/opt/eclipse/eclipse -vm /usr/bin/java, when launchingEclipse3.3.FormoreinformationontheEclipse3.3launcher,gotothe eclipsepediaWebsiteandsearchfortheEquinoxLauncher. NOTEYoucannothaveGNUCompilerfortheJavaprogramminglanguage (GCJ)/GNUInterpreterforJava(GIJ)installedoneitherthehostorguestoperating system.
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Virtual Machine Requirements

TheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerissupportedonanyWorkstation6.5virtualmachine thatisrunningasupportedWindowsorLinuxguestoperatingsystem.
Supported Guest Operating Systems

Thissectionprovidesasimplifiedlistofguestoperatingsystemssupportedfor debugginginvirtualmachines.Forthemostrecentlistofsupportedguestoperating systems,includingdetailedinformationaboutthespecificoperatingsystemversions, servicepacks,andupdatessupported,seetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystem InstallationGuideontheVMwareWebsite.Thisguidealsoprovidesnotesoninstalling themostcommonguestoperatingsystems. NOTEOperatingsystemsthatarenotlistedarenotsupportedfordebuggingina virtualmachine. TheIntegratedVirtualDebuggersupportsthefollowingWindows32bit,Windows 64bit,Linux 32bit,andLinux64bitguestoperatingsystems. Table B-2. Windows and Linux Guest Operating Systems
Processor Type Windows32bit Operating System Edition WindowsVista(alleditionsexceptVistaHomeEdition,which cannotberuninavirtualmachineduetoMicrosoftlicensing restrictions.) WindowsServer2003 EnterpriseEditionandR2 WindowsXPProfessional WindowsHomeEdition Windows2000Professional Windows2000Server Windows2000AdvancedServer Windows64bit WindowsVistax64Edition(Aeroand3Deffectsnotyet supported) WindowsServer2003x64Edition WindowsXPProfessionalx64
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Table B-2. Windows and Linux Guest Operating Systems (Continued)

Processor Type Linux32and64bit Operating System Edition RedHatLinux8and9 RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAdvancedServer EnterpriseServer Workstation4and5 UbuntuLinux6.10and6.06 SUSELinux10 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10
VMware Tools Requirements

MakesurethattheversionofVMwareToolsontheguestoperatingsystemmatchesthe versionofWorkstation6.5(ofwhichtheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerisacomponent) onthehost.
Update the Eclipse Build Settings to Use a 1.4.x JRE

YoucannothaveGCJinstalledontheguestoperatingsystem. TheguestoperatingsystemmustberunningJRE1.4.2orhigher.Ifyouarenotusing JRE5.0ontheguest,youmustupdatethebuildsettingsinEclipsetousea1.4.xJREon theguest. To update the Eclipse build settings to use a 1.4.x JRE 1 2 3 IntheEclipsePackageExplorer,rightclickthetopmostfolder(Projectitem)and chooseProperties. IntheleftpaneofthePropertiespage,selectJavaCompiler. SelectEnableprojectspecificsettings,andsettheJavaDevelopmentKit(JDK) ComplianceCompilercompliancelevelto1.4.
Installing PSAPI.DLL on Windows NT

OnWindowsNT,youmustinstallthepsapi.dlllibraryfiletoretrieveprocessstatus informationsothattheIntegratedVirtualDebuggercanattachtoaprocess.Youcan downloadpsapi.dllfromtheMicrosoftDeveloperNetwork.
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Disabling the Firewall on Linux Guest Systems

YoumustdisablethefirewallonLinuxguestoperatingsystems.TheIntegratedVirtual Debuggeropensanavailableport(searchingfromport49152)foreachdebugging session.
Configure the Firewall on Windows Guest Systems

Ifyouareusinga1.4.xJREonWindowsguestsystems,youmustdisablethefirewall orallowincomingconnectionstotheJVM.IfyourWindowssystem(suchasWindows XPSP2,Windows2003,andWindowsVista)allowsyoutoconfigureexceptionstothe firewall,youcanaddtheJVMtotheexceptionslist. To configure the firewall on Windows guest systems 1 2 3 4 ChooseStart>ControlPanel>WindowsFirewallandselecttheExceptionstab. ClickAddProgramandbrowsetotheJavaexecutable. ClickOK. (Optional)OnWindowsVistaguests,youmighthavetorestartthefirewallafter configuringittoallowincomingconnectionstotheJVM.
Managing Virtual Machine Launch Configurations

Youcanmanageconfigurationsettingsforeachvirtualmachineinwhichyouwantto debugapplications.IntegratedVirtualDebuggerlaunchconfigurationsdetermine whichvirtualmachinetoruntheapplicationinandhowtheapplicationisexecuted. ThelaunchconfigurationtypesVMwareattachtoapplicationandVMwareexecute JavaapplicationhaveaVMwaretab.ThevaluesyouenterintheVMwaretab determinevirtualmachineconfigurationsettings.Onceconfigured,youcanstartand attachtoapplicationsinvirtualmachinesfromtheEclipseDebugandRunmenus.
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Use Application Configurations to Start Applications in a Virtual Machine

Thissectiondescribeshowtocreate,duplicate,oreditalaunchconfigurationtostart anapplicationinavirtualmachine. To use application configurations to start applications in a virtual machine 1 ChooseRun>Debug. TheDebugpageisdisplayed.Youcancreate,manage,andrunconfigurations fromthispage. 2 Tocreatealaunchconfigurationoreditanexistingconfiguration,dooneofthe following: CreateaconfigurationbasedondefaultsettingsbyselectingVMwareexecute Javaapplicationintheleftpane,andclickingtheNewlaunchconfiguration iconatthetopofthepane. Createaconfigurationbasedonanotherconfigurationbyselectingthe configurationyouwanttoduplicateunderVMwareexecuteJavaapplication intheleftpane,andclickingtheDuplicatesthecurrentlyselected configurationiconatthetopofthepane. Editanexistingconfigurationbyselectingtheconfigurationyouwanttoedit underVMwareexecuteJavaapplicationintheleftpane. 3 4 5 6 7 PerformtheremainingstepsintheVMwaretaboftherightpane. Browsetochooseavirtualmachinefromthedropdownmenuofrecentlyused andcurrentlyrunningvirtualmachines. Enteryouraccountcredentialstoaccesstheguestconsole. (Optional)IfyouwanttouseaJVMotherthantheonethatisautomatically selected,selectanalternateJVMpath. (Optional)Expandthelistofsharedfolderstoadd,edit,orremovefolderstobe sharedbetweenthehostandtheguestsystems. Foreachfolder,enterthesharenameandthelocationonthehostsystem.By default,theprojectfolderisshared.
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(Optional)Indicateactionstobeperformedbeforetheapplicationislaunched: SelectSetvirtualmachinestatetomostrecentsnapshottoreverttothemost recentsnapshotbeforetheapplicationislaunched. SelectRunscriptandenteroneormoreshellcommandstobeexecutedinthe guestoperatingsystembeforetheapplicationislaunched.Nosyntax checkingisperformed.Eitherenteronecommandperline,orentermultiple commandsonthesamelineusingasemicolonasaseparator.
(Optional)Indicateactionstobeperformedaftertheapplicationhasterminated: SelectRunscriptandenteroneormoreshellcommandstobeexecutedinthe guestoperatingsystemaftertheapplicationhasterminated.Nosyntax checkingisperformed.Eitherenteronecommandperline,orentermultiple commandsonthesamelineusingasemicolonasaseparator. SelectoneoftheSetvirtualmachinestateoptions.
10
ClickApply.
Ifnewlycreated,thelaunchconfigurationisaddedtotheleftpane.
Use Application Configurations to Attach to Applications Running in a Virtual Machine

Thissectiondescribeshowtocreate,duplicate,oreditaconfigurationthatattachesto arunningapplicationinavirtualmachine. To use application configurations to attach to applications running in a virtual machine 1 2 ChooseRun>Debug. Dooneofthefollowing: CreateaconfigurationbasedondefaultsettingsbyselectingVMwareattach toapplicationintheleftpane,andclickingtheNewlaunchconfiguration iconatthetopofthepane. Createaconfigurationbasedonanotherconfigurationbyselectingthe configurationyouwanttoduplicateunderVMwareattachtoapplicationin theleftpaneandclickingtheDuplicatesthecurrentlyselectedconfiguration iconatthetopofthepane. Editanexistingconfigurationbyselectingtheconfigurationyouwanttoedit underVMwareattachtoapplicationintheleftpane.
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3 4 5 6
PerformtheremainingstepsintheVMwaretaboftherightpane. Browseorchooseavirtualmachinefromthedropdownmenuofrecentlyused andcurrentlyrunningvirtualmachines. Enteryouraccountcredentialstoaccesstheguestconsole. ClickApply.
Ifnewlycreated,thelaunchconfigurationisaddedtotheleftpane.
Delete a Configuration
Beforeyoudeleteaconfiguration,makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoffor suspended. To remove a configuration 1 2 ChooseRun>Debug. Intheleftpane,selectoneormoreconfigurationsyouwanttodeleteandclickthe Deleteselectedlaunchconfiguration(s)iconatthetopofthepane.
Running and Debugging Applications in Virtual Machines

Afteryoucreatetheappropriatelaunchconfigurations,theIntegratedVirtual Debuggerenablesyouto: Startanapplicationdebuggingsessioninavirtualmachine. Startanapplicationinavirtualmachinewithoutdebugging. Startadebuggingsessionthatattachestoaprocessalreadyrunninginavirtual machine.
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Start an Application Debugging Session in a Virtual Machine

DonotsuspendavirtualmachinewhiletheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerisconnected toanapplication.Ifyoudo,theIntegratedVirtualDebuggerdisconnectsfromthe application. To start an application debugging session in a virtual machine 1 Beginthesessioninoneofthefollowingways: FromtheDebugmenu,choosetheconfigurationfortheapplicationtostart debugging. IntheDebugpage,selecttheconfigurationunderVMwareexecuteJava applicationintheleftpaneandclickDebugintherightpane. 2 Performdebuggingtasksasyouwouldinalocaldebuggingenvironment.
Start an Application in a Virtual Machine Without Debugging

Youcanstartanapplicationwithoutdebugginginanyconfiguredvirtualmachine. To start an application in a virtual machine without debugging Beginthesessioninoneofthefollowingways: FromtheRunmenu,choosetheconfigurationfortheapplicationtostart. IntheRunpage,selecttheconfigurationunderVMwareexecuteJavaapplication intheleftpaneandclickRunintherightpane.
Attach to an Application Running in a Virtual Machine

DonotsuspendavirtualmachinewhiletheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerisconnected toanapplication.Ifyoudo,theIntegratedVirtualDebuggerwilldisconnectfromthe application. To attach to an application running in a virtual machine 1 2 IntheDebugpage,selecttheconfigurationunderVMwareattachtoapplication intheleftpaneandclickDebugintherightpane. Selecttheprocessyouwanttoattachto. IfmorethanoneinstanceoftheJavaapplicationisrunninginthevirtualmachine, adialogboxappearswithalistoftherunninginstances,eachidentifiedbytheir processID,portnumber,andarguments. 3
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Performdebuggingtasksasyouwouldinalocaldebuggingenvironment.
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Using the Integrated Virtual Debugger for Visual Studio
TheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerforVisualStudioprovidesaconfigurableextensionto VisualStudiofordebuggingprogramsinvirtualmachines.TheIntegratedVirtual Debuggersimplifiesvirtualmachinemanagementandprovidesnewdebugging featuresforreplayingarecordedapplicationexecution.Thischapterincludesthe followingsections: DebuggingModesoftheIntegratedVirtualDebuggeronpage 484 UsingtheRemoteDebuggingModeonpage 485 ConfiguringtheRemoteDebuggingModeonpage 487 DebuggingApplicationsinVirtualMachinesUsingRemoteDebuggingon page 496 UsingtheReplayDebuggingModeonpage 499 ConfiguringtheReplayDebuggingModeonpage 500 DebuggingApplicationsinVirtualMachinesUsingReplayDebuggingon page 502 IntegratedVirtualDebuggerEnvironmentonpage 506 TroubleshootingTipsonpage 507 TheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerletsyouperformthefollowingtasks: Manageconfigurationsettingsforapplicationexecutionanddebugginginvirtual machines. Startadebuggingsessioninavirtualmachine. Startanapplicationinavirtualmachinewithoutdebugging.
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Startadebuggingsessionthatattachestoaprocessalreadyrunninginavirtual machine. Debugarecordingofaprogramsexecution. Executeaprograminreverse. YoucaninstalltheIntegratedVirtualDebuggeronmostWindowshostsystemsthatare runningWorkstation6.5andhaveasupportedversionofVisualStudioinstalled.For moreinformationaboutinstallation,seeChapter 2,InstallingandUpgrading VMwareWorkstation,onpage 37.
Debugging Modes of the Integrated Virtual Debugger

TheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerincludestwodifferentdebuggingmodes,each supportingdifferentfeaturesandusagescenarios.Theyaretheremotedebuggingand thereplaydebuggingmodes.Onlyonemodecanbeusedduringasingledebugging session. Remotedebuggingletsyoudebuganapplicationinavirtualmachine.Itisoften necessarytodebuganapplicationinmanydifferentenvironments.Forexample,you candebugusingdifferentversionsofWindows,servicepacks,DLLsinstalled,andso on.Usingvirtualmachinesfordebuggingpurposesprovidesaconvenientalternative todebuggingonphysicalmachines.However,managingthesevirtualmachinesand theirfilesmightbedifficult.TheremotedebuggingmodeoftheIntegratedVirtual Debuggeraddressestheseissuesbypoweringvirtualmachinesonandoff,managing theapplicationtodebug,startingtheapplicationtodebuginavirtualmachine,and attachingtotheapplication.Theremotedebuggingmodemakesaremotedebugging sessionasconvenientasalocaldebuggingsession.Formoreinformation,seeUsing theRemoteDebuggingModeonpage 485. Replaydebuggingletsyourecordtheexecutionofanapplicationinavirtualmachine anddebugtherecordedformoftheapplication.Thisfeatureisexperimentalinthe currentrelease.Formoreinformation,seeUsingtheReplayDebuggingModeon page 499.
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Appendix C Using the Integrated Virtual Debugger for Visual Studio
Replaydebugginghasthefollowingbenefitsovertraditionaldebugging: Bugscapturedinarecordingarereproducedexactlyduringdebugging.Recorded bugscanbeexaminedinVisualStudiorepeatedly,andalwaysexhibitthesame behavior.Thisbenefitofreplaydebuggingmakesitapowerfultoolforfixingbugs thatcannotbereliablyreproducedduetosubtlevariationsintimingorinput. Nodebuggingisperformedduringtherecordingprocess,sodebuggingactivities donotaffectthenormalexecutionofanapplication.Thisisusefulforapplications thatinteractwithotherprocessesorremoteservers.Forexample,TCPconnections donottimeoutbecausethereisminimaldelaywhilearecordingiscreated. Afeaturesimulatingreverseexecutionisavailableinthereplaydebuggingmode. Inatraditionaldebuggingcontext,yourerunanapplicationandtrytostopearly enoughtofindthesourceofabug.Reverseexecutionmakesiteasiertofindthe causeofabug.Forexample,ifyourdatastructureiscorrupted,yousetadata breakpoint(thatis,watchpoint)onthecorrupteddataandexecutebackwarduntil youencounterthecodethatcausedthecorruption.
Using the Remote Debugging Mode

TheremotedebuggingmodeoftheIntegratedVirtualDebuggersimplifiesthetaskof debuggingapplicationsinvirtualmachinesusingtheremotedebuggingfeatureof VisualStudio.WhenyouuseremotedebuggingusingVisualStudio,youhaveto manuallymanagethevirtualmachine,managethefilesinthevirtualmachine,startthe applicationtodebuginavirtualmachine,andattachtheIntegratedVirtualDebugger toanapplication.Remotedebuggingprovidesthesamedebuggingoptionsasa standardremotedebuggingsessionusingVisualStudio,howeveriteliminatessomeof thetediumofstandardremotedebugging. Theremotedebuggingmodediffersfromthereplaydebuggingmodeinthatthe remotedebuggingmodedebugsaliveexecutionofanapplication.Replaydebugging modedebugsarecordingofanapplication.Formoreinformation,seeUsingthe ReplayDebuggingModeonpage 499.
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Requirements and Recommendations for Remote Debugging

VisualStudiomustberunningonthesamemachineasWorkstation.
Supported Versions of Visual Studio

VisualStudio2005and2008ProfessionalandTeamSystemseditionsaresupported. TheseversionsofVisualStudioallowremotedebuggingonWindowssystems,withthe exceptionsofWindowsNT,WindowsVistaStarterEdition,andWindowsXPHome editions.TheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerusesthefeaturesoftheRemoteDebug Monitor(msvsmon.exe)tocommunicatewiththeguestoperatingsystem. FormoreinformationonVisualStudio2005,gototheMicrosoftDeveloperNetwork WebsiteandsearchforVisualStudio2005ServicePack1(SP1). RunningtheIntegratedVirtualDebuggeronWindowsVistaStarterEditionand WindowsXPHomeEditionisnotsupported.Forinformationaboutissuesrunning VisualStudioonWindowsVistaStarterEdition,gototheMicrosoftDeveloper NetworkWebsite,enterthesearchkeywordsVisualStudio2005onWindowsVista IssueList,andsearchforinformationonWindowsVistaStarterEditionorWindows XPHome.
Supported Programming Languages

RemotedebuggingsupportsC/C++(NativeandManaged),C#,andVisualBasic programminglanguages.

TheIntegratedVirtualDebuggercanrunonmostWindowshostoperatingsystems thatWorkstation6.5supports,listedin32bitonpage 25and64bitonpage 26. OnlyEnterpriseEditionSP1andR2ofWindowsServer2003aresupported.Ifremote debuggingisnotworkingonaWindowsVistahost,trythefollowing: ManuallyconfigurethefirewalltoallowtrafficfromVisualStudio. RunVisualStudiowithAdministratorpermissions. Formoreinformation,gototheMicrosoftDeveloperNetworkWebsiteandsearch forVisualStudio2005onWindowsVistaIssueList.
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Guest Operating System Support

YoucanusetheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerwithanyWindowsguestoperating systemexceptthefollowing:WindowsNT,Me,98,95,3.1,XPHomeEdition,Vista StarterEdition,andWindowsforWorkgroups. TheversionofVMwareToolsontheguestoperatingsystemmustmatchtheversionof Workstation6.5(whichtheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerisacomponentof)onthehost.
Configuring the Remote Debugging Mode

Youcanmanageremotedebuggingconfigurationsettingsforeachvirtualmachinein whichyoucanrunanddebugapplications.Virtualmachineconfigurationproperties, setintheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerconfigurationpages,determinewhichvirtual machinetoruntheapplicationinandhowtheapplicationisrun. Beforeconfiguringavirtualmachineforremotedebugging,completethefollowing configurationrequirementsfortheguestsystem,VisualStudio,andIntegratedVirtual Debugger.
Configuring the Guest System for Remote Debugging

Severalaspectsoftheguestoperatingsystemmustbeconfiguredtoenableremote debugging.
Configure the Group Policy Settings for Windows

Toverifythatthegrouppolicyissetcorrectly,followthesamestepsasforWindowsXP Professional.YoucannotviewthispolicyonWindowsVistaHomePremiumandVista HomeBasic. To configure the group policy settings for Windows Dooneofthefollowing: ToconfigurethegrouppolicysettingsforWindowsXPProfessional,intheguest system: a b SelectControlPanel>AdministrativeTools>LocalSecurityPolicy>Local PoliciesandselecttheSecurityOptionspage. SettheNetworkaccess:Sharingandsecuritymodelforlocalaccountspolicy toClassiclocalusersauthenticateasthemselves.
ToconfigurethenetworkonaWindowsVistaguest,thepolicyfortheClassic localusersauthenticateasthemselvesmustbesettothedefaultvalue.
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Configuring the Firewall on Windows XP SP2 Virtual Machines

WindowsXPSP2systemshavethefirewallenabledbydefault.Todebuginavirtual machinewithWindowsXPSP2,disablethefirewallorconfigureitappropriately. VMwarerecommendsdisablingthefirewallifyouareonasafenetwork. ForinformationaboutusingWindowsXPSP2withthefirewallenabledtosetup remotedebugginginVisualStudio,gototheMicrosoftSupportWebsiteandenterthe MicrosoftknowledgebasearticleID833977intheSearchmenu.
Configuring User Accounts

Toconfigureuseraccounts,logintotheguestoperatingsystemwithanAdministrator account.Youmustusethesamelocalordomainuseraccountonthehostmachineto logintotheguestoperatingsystem. NOTETheusername,password,anddomainname(ifnotlocalonbothsystems)must matchonthehostandtheguest.OtherwisetheRemoteDebugMonitorontheguest cannotcommunicatewiththeVisualStudioonthehost. ForadditionalinformationabouthowtosetupWindowsuseraccountsforremote debugging,gototheMicrosoftDeveloperNetworkWebsite,enterthesearchkeywords Error:RemoteDebuggerServiceOntheTargetComputerCannotConnectBack,and clickthefirstsearchresult. CommunicationbetweenVisualStudioandtheguestoperatingsystemisnotinitiated untilthevirtualmachineispoweredonandtheconfigureduserisloggedin.Theuser runstheRemoteDebugMonitorontheguest,whichinturncommunicateswithVisual Studioonthehost. Topreventatimedelay,poweronthevirtualmachineandlogintotheguestoperating systembeforeyoudebuginavirtualmachine.Youcansetupautomaticlogintobypass theloginscreenwhentheguestisbooting. Using the Default Password Policy Windowshasadefaultsecurityfeaturethathelpsprotectuserswithblankpasswords fromnetworkbasedattacks.Userswhodonotpasswordprotecttheiraccountscanlog inonlyattheirphysicalcomputerconsole:themonitor,keyboard,andmousethatare physicallyconnectedtotheircomputer.Thisrestrictionappliesonlytolocaluser accounts,nottodomainuseraccounts. Forinformationonhowtodisableblankpasswordrestrictions,gototheMicrosoft SupportWebsite,entertheMicrosoftknowledgebasearticleID303846intheSearch menu,andclickthefirstsearchresult.
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Suppressing Security Prompts on the Guest System

Runninganapplicationfromanetworksharetriggersasecurityprompteverytimethe fileisaccessed.YoucansuppresssecuritypromptsusingInternetExplorerorediting yourregistrykey. Suppress Security Prompts on the Guest System Using Internet Explorer VMwarerecommendsthatyouturnoffsecuritypromptsontheguestoperating system. To suppress security prompts on the guest system using Internet Explorer 1 2 IntheguestInternetExplorer,chooseTools>InternetOptions>Security>Local IntranetandclickSites. ClickAdvancedandaddanewWebsite: file://*..host Edit a Registry Key to Suppress Security Prompts VMwarerecommendsthatyouturnoffsecuritypromptsontheguestoperating system. To edit a registry key to suppress security prompts 1 2 Intheguest,opentheregistry. Addanewkeycalled.hostunder HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\InternetSettings\ ZoneMap\Domains. Inthe.hostkey,createDWORDValuecalledfileandsetitsvalueto1.
Installing the Microsoft .NET Framework to Support Managed Applications

TodebugmanagedC++,C#,andVisualBasicapplications,whichusetheCommon LanguageRuntime,installtheMicrosoft.NETFrameworkversion2.0orhigheronthe guestoperatingsystem.
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Rename Virtual Machine Computer Names

Computernamesmustbeuniqueonallvirtualmachines,otherwisetheIntegrated VirtualDebuggercannotfindtheappropriatevirtualmachineonthenetwork. To rename virtual machine computer names 1 2 3 4 Ontheguestsystem,chooseStart>ControlPanel>System. SelecttheComputerNametab. ClickChange. TypeauniquenameandclickOK.
Install the Remote Debug Monitor Manually on Windows 98 Guest Systems

Toenabledebugginginavirtualmachine,theIntegratedVirtualDebuggersharesthe hostfolderthatcontainstheRemoteDebugMonitor,andrunsthatRemoteDebug Monitorontheguest.OnWindows98,youcannotruntheRemoteDebugMonitor(or anyexecutablefile)fromasharedfolder.Anattempttodosogeneratesthefollowing error: The remote debugger is not properly installed. On a Windows ME or Windows 98 computer, the debugger cannot be run off a file share. Run the remote debugger setup. Manuallyinstallandstartthemsvsmon.exe RemoteDebugMonitorexecutablefileon theguestoperatingsystembeforeyoustartadebuggingsession.Themsvsmon.exe is includedintheVisualStudio2005installationCD. To install the Remote Debug Monitor manually on Windows 98 guest systems Dooneofthefollowing: Createamappingtoanetworksharewiththehostwheremsvsmon.exeislocated. Installmsvsmon.exefromtheVisualStudio2005installationCD.
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Start the Remote Debug Monitor Without Authentication on the Default Port
RunningtheRemoteDebugMonitorontheguestsystemwithoutauthenticationposes asecurityriskforthatguestsystem.VMwarerecommendstotakeasnapshotfirstand setReverttoParentSnapshottoYesinPostDebugEventorPreDebugEvent properties,asdescribedinSettingConfigurationPropertiesonpage 493. Becauseofthesharedfolderlimitations,youmustalso: InVisualStudio,setRunCommandAstoaguestpath.Thispropertyindicates howthecommandbeingexecutedbythedebuggerisrun. InVisualStudio,leaveSharedDirectoriesunset,becausedirectoriescannotbe sharedbetweenthehostandtheguest. Formoreinformation,seeSetGeneralPropertiesonpage 493. To start the Remote Debug Monitor without authentication on the default port 1 Intheguest,runthecommand:
msvsmon.exe /noauth
Verifythatyouareusingport4015byconfirmingthatRemoteDebugMonitor displaysthefollowingmessage:
Msvsmon started a new server named '<guest_name>:4015'. Authentication is disabled. Waiting for new connections.
Configuring Visual Studio

YoumustconfigureVisualStudiotoenableremotedebugging.
Configure the Runtime Library Setting for C++ Applications

Whenyoudebugonaremotemachineorinavirtualmachine,theapplicationmight notstartiftheruntimelibrarysettingissettocertainvalues.Ifyouencounterthis problem,changetheC++runtimelibrarysetting. ForadditionalinformationonC++libraries,gototheMicrosoftDeveloperNetwork WebsiteandsearchforVisualC++LibrariesasSharedSidebySideAssemblies. To configure the runtime library setting for C++ applications 1 2 3 InVisualStudio,chooseProject>Properties. ExpandConfigurationProperties>C/C++andselectCodeGeneration. SetCodeGenerationtoMultithreaded(/MT)orMultithreadedDebug(/MTd).
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Configuring the Integrated Virtual Debugger for Remote Debugging

Beforeyoucanstartordebugapplicationsinavirtualmachine,createormodifyvirtual machineconfigurationsandsetconfigurationproperties.Thedefaultconfiguration initiallyincludesthedefaultvaluesforallpropertiesthathavethem. InVisualStudio,chooseVMware>Optionstomanageconfigurations.Youcancreate, rename,andremoveconfigurations,andyoucansetandmodifyconfiguration propertiesforexistingconfigurationsasdescribedinSettingConfiguration Propertiesonpage 493. TheconfigurationselectedintheConfigurationdropdownmenuistheconfiguration beingeditedintheconfigurationpages.TheconfigurationselectedintheActive ConfigurationdropdownmenuistheconfigurationusedwhenyouchooseVMware >StartDebugginginVMorVMware>StartWithoutDebugginginVM.
Create Configurations
Whenyoucreateaconfiguration,itincludesalltheaspectsoftheIntegratedVirtual Debuggerconfiguration. To create configurations 1 2 3 4 5 6 ChooseVMware>Options. ClicktheNewiconnexttotheConfigurationdropdownmenu. IntheNewConfigurationpage,typeanameforthenewconfiguration. Chooseaconfigurationtocopysettingsfrom. Thedefaultselectionis<Default>,whichincludesthedefaultvaluesforall propertiesthathavethem. ClickOK. Thenewconfigurationiscreatedandlistedastheactiveconfigurationinthe ConfigurationandActiveConfigurationdropdownmenus.Youcanstartediting theconfigurationproperties.
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Setting Configuration Properties

Youcaneditconfigurationpropertiesforaspecificconfigurationbychoosingthe configurationnamefromtheConfigurationdropdownmenu.Youcanalsoedit configurationpropertiesforallconfigurationsbychoosingAllConfigurationsfrom theConfigurationdropdownmenu.
Set General Properties

Thedefaultconfigurationinitiallyincludesthedefaultvaluesforallpropertiesthat havethem.Generalpropertiesforremotedebugginginclude: Thepathtothevirtualmachinefile(the.vmxfile). ThecommandthatVisualStudiorunsintheguestoperatingsystem. Howthecommandisrun:asapathonthehostinasharedfolderorasapathon theguest. ThelocationoftheRemoteDebugMonitoronthehost. ThenameoftheRemoteDebugMonitorontheguest. (Optional)Thelocationofanydirectoriessharedbetweenthehostandtheguest. To set general properties 1 2 3 4 ChooseVMware>Options. Intheleftpane,clickRemoteDebugginginVMandselectGeneral. SetCommandtothecommandthatthedebuggerintheguestsystemruns. ClickBrowsetoselectapathtotheexecutablefileonthehostfilesystem. Thecommanddirectoryissharedbetweenthehostandtheguest. 5 SetRunCommandAstoindicatehowthedebugcommandisrun:eitherasahost paththroughasharedfolderorasaguestpath. Whenyouselectahostpaththroughasharedfolder,thefolderwherethe commandislocatedissharedbeforethedebuggingsessionisstarted.The commandisrunfromthesharedfolder,andwhenthedebuggingsessionends,the folderisnolongershared.Thenameofthesharedfolderis \\.host\Shared Folders\.$(ProjectName)<random_number> Whenaguestpathisselected,thecommandisrunfromthespecifiedpathonthe guest. Thedefaultisahostpaththroughasharedfolder.
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SetRemoteDebugMonitorPathtothelocationoftheRemoteDebugMonitoron thehost. ThedefaultistheVisualStudioinstalledpath:

\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\Common7\IDE\Remote Debugger\x86\ msvsmon.exe
UsethisdefaultRemoteDebugMonitortodebuga32bitprocessina32bitvirtual machineanda32bitprocessina64bitvirtualmachine. Todebuga64bitprocessina64bitvirtualmachine,usethe64bitRemoteDebug Monitor:

\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\Common7\IDE\Remote Debugger\x64\msvsmon.exe
EntertheRemoteDebugMonitorNameontheguest. IfaRemoteDebugMonitorisalreadyrunningontheguest,whenthenew connectionismadebetweentheRemoteDebugMonitorontheguestandVisual Studioonthehost,youarepromptedtochoosewhethertoconnecttothedebugger thatisrunningorstartanotherdebuggerwithadifferentname.
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SetVirtualMachinetothepathtothevirtualmachinefile(.vmxfile). (Optional)SetSharedFolderstoasemicolondelimitedlistofpairedfoldernames intheform<shared_name>=<host_folder_name>.
Set Pre-Debug Event Properties

PreDebugEventpropertiesdeterminewhichactionsareperformedbeforethedebug commandisrun.Allofthesesettingsareoptional. To set Pre-Debug Event properties 1 2 3 ChooseVMware>Options. Intheleftpane,clickRemoteDebugginginVMandselectPreDebugEvent. SetReverttoParentSnapshottoYesorNo. IfsettoYes,thevirtualmachinerevertstoitsparentsnapshotwhenthedebugging sessionisstarted.
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SetCopyFilestoasemicolondelimitedlistofpairedfileordirectorynamesthat arecopiedfromthehosttotheguestmachineintheform <host_machine_file/folder>=<virtual_machine_file/folder>. Allspecifiedfilesarecopiedbeforeanypredebuggingcommandsarerun.
SetCommandLinetooneormoresemicolondelimitedcommandsthatarerun afterfilesarecopiedandbeforethedebuggingsessionstarts.
Set Post-Debug Event Properties

PostDebugEventpropertiesdeterminewhichactionsareperformedafterthedebug commandends.Allofthesesettingsareoptional. To set Post-Debug Event properties 1 2 3 4 ChooseVMware>Options. Intheleftpane,clickRemoteDebugginginVMandselectPostDebugEvent. SetCommandLinetooneormoresemicolondelimitedcommandsthatarerun afterthedebuggingsessionends. SettheTerminationModetooneofthefollowing: Nooperation(default) Poweroff Reverttoparent Suspend
Rename a Configuration
Youcanrenameaconfigurationsothatthenewnamereflectsthesettingsofyour configuration. To rename a configuration 1 2 3 4 ChooseVMware>Options. ChoosetheconfigurationtorenamefromtheConfigurationdropdownmenu andclicktheEditicon. OntheEditConfigurationpage,selecttheconfigurationtorenameandclick Rename. TypethenewnameovertheexistingnameandpressEnter.
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AttheconfirmationpromptclickYes. ClickClose. Therenamedconfigurationislistedastheactiveconfigurationinthe Configurationdropdownmenu.Youcanedititsconfigurationproperties,as describedinSettingConfigurationPropertiesonpage 493.
Remove a Configuration
Whenyounolongerneedaconfiguration,youcanremoveitwithoutaffectinganother configuration. To remove a configuration 1 2 3 4 5 ChooseVMware>Options. ChoosethenameoftheconfigurationtodeletefromtheConfiguration dropdownmenuandclicktheEditicon. IntheEditConfigurationpage,selecttheconfigurationtodeleteandclick Remove. Attheconfirmationprompt,clickYes. ClickClose.
Debugging Applications in Virtual Machines Using Remote Debugging

Afteryoucreatetheappropriateconfigurationsforremotedebugging,theIntegrated VirtualDebuggerletsyou: Startaremotedebuggingsessioninavirtualmachine. Startanapplicationinavirtualmachinewithoutdebugging. Startadebuggingsessionthatattachestoaprocessalreadyrunninginavirtual machine.
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Start a Remote Debugging Session in a Virtual Machine

Youcandebuganapplicationinanyconfiguredvirtualmachine.Logintotheguest systemmanuallybeforetheapplicationisstarted.Foradditionalinformation,see ConfiguringUserAccountsonpage 488. To start a remote debugging session in a virtual machine 1 2 3 ChooseVMware>StartDebugginginVM. PerformdebuggingtasksasyouwouldfromtheDebug>StartDebuggingVisual Studiomenu. (Optional)Tostoptheprocessesassociatedwiththedebuggingsessiononthe guestsystemandrestartdebugging,chooseVMware>Restart.
Start a Session Without Debugging in a Virtual Machine

Youcanstartanapplicationinanyconfiguredvirtualmachinewithoutdebugging. Whenyoustartanapplicationwithoutdebugging,theIntegratedVirtualDebugger doesnotrunpredebugorpostdebugoperations,shareadditionaldirectories,orstart theRemoteDebugMonitorontheguestsystem. Logintotheguestsystemmanuallybeforeyouruntheapplication.Foradditional information,seeConfiguringUserAccountsonpage 488. To start a session without debugging in a virtual machine ChooseVMware>StartWithoutDebugginginVM. TheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerinitiatesthefollowing: 1 2 3 4 5 Powersonthevirtualmachineifnecessary. Sharesthefolderwiththeexecutablefile. Runstheexecutablefile. Removesthesharedfolderwhentheexecutablefileends. Startstheapplicationinthevirtualmachine.
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Attach the Debugger to a Process Running in a Virtual Machine

Beforeyouattachthedebuggertoaprocessrunninginavirtualmachine,makesure thatthevirtualmachineispoweredon. To attach the debugger to a process running in a virtual machine 1 2 3 ChooseVMware>AttachtoProcess. ChoosethevirtualmachineonwhichtoviewrunningprocessesfromtheRunning VirtualMachinesdropdownmenu. SetRemoteDebugMonitortothelocationoftheRemoteDebugMonitoronthe host. ThedefaultistheVisualStudioinstalledpath:
\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\Common7\IDE\Remote Debugger\x86\ msvsmon.exe
UsethisdefaultRemoteDebugMonitortodebuga32bitprocessina32bitvirtual machineanda32bitprocessina64bitvirtualmachine. Todebuga64bitprocessina64bitvirtualmachine,usethe64bitRemoteDebug Monitor:

\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\Common7\IDE\Remote Debugger\x64\msvsmon.exe
TypeanamefortheRemoteDebugMonitorontheguest. ThedefaultnameisVMDebug. IfaRemoteDebugMonitorisalreadyrunningontheguestwiththatname,start anotheronewithadifferentname.
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ChoosetheprocesstoattachtofromthelistofavailableprocessesandclickAttach. (Optional)Torefreshthelistofrunningprocesses,clickRefresh.
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Using the Replay Debugging Mode

ThereplaydebuggingmodeoftheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerallowsyoutodebug anapplicationinarecordingofavirtualmachineexecution.Thismodeisdifferent fromtheremotedebuggingmodeinthatreplaydebuggingrequirescreatinga recordingofanapplicationsexecutionbeforeyoucandebug.Recordingscanbemade usingtheWorkstationuserinterfaceorfromwithinVisualStudio,usingtheCreate RecordingforReplayoptionintheVMwaredropdownmenu.Whenyoucreatea recordinginVisualStudio,theIntegratedVirtualDebuggerstartsthevirtualmachine, createsarecording,ensuresthattheapplicationisavailableinthevirtualmachine,runs theapplicationtocompletion,andstopstherecording.Whenyoucreatearecordingin Workstation,youmustperformthesestepsyourself.Formoreinformationoncreating arecordingusingWorkstation,seeMakeaRecordingonpage 245. Afterarecordingiscreated,youcandebugtheapplicationrunningintherecording. UsetheStartReplayRecordingoptionintheVMwaredropdownmenutodebugthe applicationintherecording.Liketraditionaldebugging,inthereplaydebuggingmode youcanforexample,setbreakpoints,adddatabreakpoints,stepthroughsource statements,andexamineyourthreads,locals,andstackframes. Unliketraditionaldebugging,theapplicationyoudebugusingreplaydebuggingdoes notinteractwiththeuserornetworkbutappearstoacceptuserandnetworkinputand sendnetworkoutput.Thisisbecausetheapplicationisexhibitingexactlythesame behavioraswhentherecordingwascreated.Theapplicationshowsthesamebehavior everytimeitisdebugged. Replaydebuggingalsoprovidesareverseexecutionfeature.Thisfeatureisanalogous toforwardexecution,excepttheapplicationrunsuntilitreachestheprevious breakpoint,databreakpoint,orexception.Reverseexecutionisinitiatedusingthe ReverseContinueorReverseRuntoCursoroptionsfromtheVMwaredropdown menu.TheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerimplementsreverseexecutionbyreplayinga recordingtofindaspecifictimeinthepast.Incertaincircumstancesmultiplereplay stepsmaybenecessarytoachieveasinglereverseexecutionoperation.
Requirements and Recommendations for Replay Debugging

VisualStudiomustberunningonthesamemachineasWorkstation.
Supported Versions of Visual Studio

VisualStudio2005andVisualStudio2008aresupported.Forimportantinformation aboutrunningVisualStudio2005onWindowsVista,gototheMicrosoftDeveloper NetworkWebsiteandsearchforVisualStudio2005onWindowsVistaIssueList.
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Supported Programming Languages

ReplaydebuggingsupportstheCandNativeC++programminglanguages.

TheIntegratedVirtualDebuggercanrunonmostWindowshostoperatingsystems thatWorkstation6.5supports,listedin32bitonpage 25and64bitonpage 26. ReplaydebuggingissupportedonmachinesusingtheIntelPentium4,IntelCore2, IntelPenryn(steppingB0+),andAMDBarcelona(B3x)processors.Formore informationonthehardwarerequirements,seePhysicalandVirtualHardware Requirementsonpage 240.
Guest Operating System Support

YoucanruntheIntegratedVirtualDebuggeronlyon32bitWindowsguestoperating systems.WindowsNT,Me,98,95,3.1,and2000arenotsupportedguestoperating systems.AguestoperatingsystemrunningintheSMPmodeisnotsupportedby replaydebugging.
Configuring the Replay Debugging Mode

Beforeusingreplaydebugging,completethefollowingconfigurationrequirementsfor theguestsystem,VisualStudio,andIntegratedVirtualDebugger. TousereplaydebuggingyoumustinstallthelatestversionoftheVMwareToolsinthe guestoperatingsystem.Formoreinformationoninstallingtools,seeInstalling VMwareToolsonpage 100.Replaydebuggingisenabledbydefaultinthe WorkstationVirtualMachineSettings.
Configure the Guest System for Replay Debugging

YoumustconfiguretheguestsystemsothatallDLLsandfilesrequiredbythe applicationtobedebuggedareaccessiblebytheguestsystem.Theapplications generatedbyVisualStudiousingthedefaultprojectsettingsoftendonotrunonremote systemsbecausethesettingsusenonstandardDLLs.YoucancopytherequiredDLLs intotheguestsystemorconfigureVisualStudionottousethenonstandardDLLs. To configure the guest system 1 2 3 ChooseProject>Properties. ExpandConfigurationProperties>C/C++andselectCodeGeneration. SetRunTimeLibrarytoMultithreadedDebug(/MTd).
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Configuring the Integrated Virtual Debugger for Replay Debugging

Beforeyoucanstartordebugapplicationsinavirtualmachine,youmustset configurationproperties.
Set General Properties for Replay Debugging

Youmustsetsomegeneralpropertiesbeforeyoucanusereplaydebugging. To set general properties for replay debugging 1 2 3 4 ChooseVMware>Options. Intheleftpane,clickReplayDebugginginVMandselectGeneral. Enterthe.vmxfileofthevirtualmachinethathastherecordingintheVirtual Machinesection. (Optional)Selectthenameoftherecordingforreplay. Thenamesofrecordingsareautomaticallypopulatedwhenarecordingiscreated usingVisualStudio.
Set Advanced Properties for Replay Debugging

Thefollowingoptionsareavailableintheadvancedproperties: UseHostDLLSearchPathDetermineshowVisualStudiofindsDLLsandtheir associatedsymbolfilesonthehostsystem.WhenthisoptionissettoYes,thehost DLLsearchpathisusedtofindDLLs.WhenthisoptionissettothedefaultNo, VisualStudioassumesDLLsusedbythedebuggedprogramareatthesame locationonthehostmachineasinthevirtualmachine.Thisrequiresyoutoensure thattheDLLsusedbyyourapplicationareinthesamelocationonboththehost machineandthevirtualmachine. BaseSnapshotforRecordingAllowsyoutospecifythestateofthevirtual machinebeforeeachrecordingisstarted.Whenthebasesnapshotforrecordingis notspecifiedtherecordingstartsfromthecurrentstateofthevirtualmachine, poweringitonifnecessary. To set advanced properties for replay debugging 1 2 ChooseVMware>Options. Intheleftpane,clickReplayDebugginginVMandselectAdvanced.
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Enable Automatic Markers

Ifyouusereverseexecutionforalongrecording,configureWorkstationtoperiodically createmarkers.MarkersaresnapshotsthattheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerusesto avoidreplayingtheentirerecordingduringreverseexecution.Markersreducethe latencyofreverseexecutionforlongrunningrecordings. To enable automatic markers 1 2 3 4 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseVM>Settings. SelecttheOptionstab. ClickSnapshot/Replay. UndertheReplaysection,settheMarkerFrequencyoption.
Debugging Applications in Virtual Machines Using Replay Debugging

Afteryoucreatetheappropriateconfigurationsforreplaydebugging,theIntegrated VirtualDebuggerletsyou: Createarecording. Startadebuggingsessioninthereplaydebuggingmode. Startareverseexecution. Stopareverseexecution.
Create a Recording of a Program Execution Using Visual Studio

Beforeyoucandebuganapplicationinarecording,youmustcreatearecordingofthe application.RecordingscanbecreatedfromwithinVisualStudioormanuallyusing Workstation.FormoreinformationoncreatingarecordingusingWorkstation,see MakeaRecordingonpage 245.
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To create a recording of a program execution using Visual Studio 1 2 InVisualStudio,chooseVMware>CreateRecordingforReplay. Loginusingthesamelocalordomainuseraccountonthehostmachinetologin totheguestoperatingsystem. TheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerinitiatesthefollowing: a b c d e f g Powersonthevirtualmachineifnecessary. Sharesthefoldertotheexecutablefile. Createsarecording. Runstheexecutablefile. Stopstherecordingwhentheprogramends. Removesthesharedfolder. Startstheapplicationinthevirtualmachine.
Start a Replay Debugging Session with a Recording Made by Visual Studio

Startingareplaydebuggingsessionpowersonavirtualmachineandstartsreplaying arecording.Likeintraditionaldebugging,whenabreakpointorexceptionis encountered,theapplicationissuspended.Youcanexaminethestatusofthe applicationorcontinueexecution. Ifyoumadetherecordingmanually,seeStartaReplayDebuggingSessionwitha ManualRecordingonpage 505. To start a replay debugging session with a recording made by Visual Studio ChooseVMware>StartReplayDebugging. TheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerinitiatesthefollowing: 1 2 Replaystherecordinguntilthebeginningofthedebuggingprocess. Continuesdebugginguntiltherecordingreachesabreakpoint,exception,orend oftheapplication.
Iftheendoftheprogramisreachedduringreplaydebugging,theprogramexecution isinterruptedbeforeexitingsothatyoucanusereverseexecution.
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Using Reverse Execution

ThereverseexecutionfeatureoftheIntegratedVirtualDebuggersimulatesexecuting theapplicationbackwarduntiladebuggingeventsuchasabreakpointorexceptionis encounteredorthebeginningoftheapplicationisreached. Toimprovetheusageofthereverseexecutionfeatureconsiderthefollowingbest practices: Reverseexecutionissimulatedbyreplayingarecordingtoarriveataprevious pointintime.Thisprocessisslowforlongrecordings,butmarkerscanbeusedto reducethereplaytime.YoucanmanuallyaddmarkersusingtheCreateMarker optionintheReplayControldialogboxorconfigureWorkstationtoautomatically addmarkers.Formoreinformationonenablingmarkers,seeEnableAutomatic Markersonpage 502. Disablebackgroundsnapshotstoreducethetimeforrestoringfromsnapshots, whichisafrequentconstituentofreverseexecution.Formoreinformationon disablingbackgroundsnapshots,seeEnableorDisableBackgroundSnapshots onpage 193. Avoidexecutinginreversebeyondthecreationoforexitfrommanythreads.Each oftheseprocessesrequiresareplaystepandslowsdownthereverseexecution process.
Starting Reverse Execution

SelectReverseContinuefromtheVMwaredropdownmenutostartreverse execution.Whenyoustartreverseexecution,thevirtualmachinepowersonandoff andreplaystheexecutionmultipletimes.Astatuswindowappearstoinformyou abouttheprogressofthereverseexecution.Toreducethenumberofreplaysteps, eventsassociatedwithdebuggerstringsaresuppressedduringreverseexecution.
Stopping Reverse Execution

SelectStopDebuggingfromtheDebugdropdownmenutostopreverseexecution. ReverseexecutioncannotbestoppedbyusingDebug>BreakAll,becausereverse executionissimulatedbyreplayingarecording.Thestateofthevirtualmachineatany giveninstancemaynotrepresentavalidpointintimebetweenwhenreverseexecution wasinitiatedandthepreviousdebuggingevent.Theonlywayreverseexecutioncanbe interruptedisbystoppingthedebuggingsession.
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Start a Replay Debugging Session with a Manual Recording

Whenrecordingsaremanuallycreatedusingtherecord/replayfeatureofWorkstation, youmustconfiguretheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerfortherecordingmode. To start a replay debugging session with a manual recording 1 2 ChooseVMware>Options. UndertheGeneralcategoryofReplayDebugginginVM,completethefollowing: a b 3 4 Enterthe.vmxfileofthevirtualmachinethathastherecordingintheVirtual Machineoption. SelectthenameoftherecordingthatyoumanuallycreatedintheRecording toReplayoption.
(Optional)Defineanybreakpoints. ChooseVMware>StartReplayRecordingtostartthedebuggingsession.
Limitations of Replay Debugging Mode

Thefollowingarethelimitationsofreplaydebugging: Memory,registers,andcontrolflowcannotbechangedwhilereplaydebugging. Reverseexecutionmaynotfunctionproperlywithmorethanfourdata breakpoints. IndividualthreadscannotbesuspendedusingtheVisualStudioFreezefeature. Readingprocessmemoryofanapplicationrunninginavirtualmachineresultsin zeros. Youcannotattachtoaprocessinthereplaydebuggingmode. Suspendingtheapplicationyouaredebuggingalsosuspendseverythinginthe virtualmachine.Yourguestscreenoutputmightlagfromthestateobservedinthe IntegratedVirtualDebugger. DebuggingeventsassociatedwithunloadingDLLsarenotdeliveredtoVisual Studio.TheVisualStudiomoduleswindowmightshowDLLsthatareactually unloaded.
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Integrated Virtual Debugger Environment

TheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerusesanaspectoftheVisualStudioenvironmentand createsitsownpreferenceandprojectfiles.
Identify the Application for Replay Debugging

Whenyoustartareplaydebuggingsession,theIntegratedVirtualDebuggerusesthe currentVisualStudioStartupProjectinthesolutiontodeterminewhichexecutablefile intherecordingtodebug.IfyourVisualStudiosolutionhasmorethanoneprojectthat buildsanexecutablefile,thenyoumustsettheprojectyouwanttodebugastheStartUp Projectbeforeyoureplay. To identify the application for replay debugging 1 2 IntheVisualStudioSolutionExplorerwindow,rightclicktheprojectthatyou wanttoreplaydebug. SelectSetAsStartUpProject.
Files Maintained by the Integrated Virtual Debugger

TheIntegratedVirtualDebuggercreatesandmaintainsthefollowingfiles: Apreferencefile,vsid-prefs.xml,islocatedinthe \Documents and Settings\<user_name>\Application Data\VMware directory.Donoteditthisfiledirectly.Itisupdatedwhenyoumakechangesinthe IntegratedVirtualDebuggerconfigurationpages. Afile,<project_name>.idc,iscreatedintheprojectdirectoryforeachproject typethattheIntegratedVirtualDebuggersupports.
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Troubleshooting Tips
Beforeyoustarttroubleshootinganerrormakesurethatyouhavecorrectlyinstalled andconfiguredtheIntegratedVirtualDebugger.
Reporting Bugs and Viewing Log Files

ContactVMwarecustomersupporttoreportanybugsandsendthelogfilesthatwere generated. Toviewthelogfiles,chooseVMware>AboutVMwareVirtualDebugger.Thelogfiles containinformationalanderrormessagesabouttheactionsoftheIntegratedVirtual Debugger. Alogfile,vmware-vsid-<user_name>-<integer>.log,iscreatedinthe \Documents and Settings\<user_name>\Local Settings\Tempdirectory. Alogfile,vmware-vixWrapper-<user_name>-<pid>.log,iscreatedinthe \Documents and Settings\<user_name>\Local Settings\Temp\vmware-<user_name>directory.
Remote Debugging Tips

Youmightexperiencethefollowingcommonerrorswhenyouaredebuggingusingthe remotedebuggingmode.
Changing Shortcut Keys

IfyouchangetheshortcutkeysforVMDebuggercommands(chooseTools>Options> Keyboard),thetooltipsfortheVMwaremenuandtoolbardonotreflectthechanges untilyourestartVisualStudio.
Reinstalling VMware Tools If the Debugging Session Does Not Start

IfthedebuggingsessionfailstostartandthelastmessageintheVMwareoutput window(andlogfile)isWaiting for VMware Tools to start,checkwhetherthe guestsystemhasthelatestVMwareToolsinstalledandrunning.Ifnot,upgradetothe latestversionofVMwareTools.SeeVMwareToolsUpdateProcessonpage 113.
Exiting Visual Studio Before Powering Off a Virtual Machine

IfyouattempttoexitVisualStudioafterstartingadebuggingsessionbutbeforeyou loginorrunVMwareToolsontheguest,VisualStudiodoesnotexituntilthevirtual machineispoweredoffortheuserisloggedintotheguestoperatingsystem.
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Unloading the VMDebugger Add-in

TopermanentlyuninstalltheIntegratedVirtualDebugger,runtheWorkstation installationprogram,selectModifyontheProgramMaintenancepage,deselectVisual StudioPlugInintheCustomsetup,andfinishtheinstallation. DeselectingStartinTools>AddInManagerdoesnotpreventtheIntegratedVirtual DebuggerAddinfromloading.
Clean Up After a Failure and Debug Locally

Ifyoutrytorunthedebuggerlocallyafteradebuggingsessioninavirtualmachine failsorstalls,youmightgetaVisualStudioerrorthatindicatesthattheremoteserver cannotbefound. To clean up after a failure and debug locally Dooneofthefollowing: InC++,chooseProjectPropertyPages>DebuggingandsettheDebuggerto LaunchpropertytoLocal Windows Debugger. SettheCommandpropertytoeitheranemptystringorthecorrectlocalpath. InC#andVisualBasic,chooseProjectPropertyPages>Debug. MakesureStartprojectisselectedandUseremotemachineisdeselected. (Optional)Youcanremoveanysharedfoldersthatwereusedtorunthedebug commandandtheRemoteDebugMonitor.Sharedfoldersareusuallyremovedat theendofadebuggingsession,buttheymightnotberemovedinthefollowing circumstances: Ifthedebuggingsessioncausesafailure. Ifthevirtualmachineispoweredoffwhilethedebuggingsessionisstill running. Thesesharedfoldersaretypicallyreusedwhenanotherdebuggingsessionis started,sothiscleanupisnotrequired.
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Replay Debugging Tips

Youmightexperiencethefollowingcommonerrorswhenyouaredebuggingusingthe replaydebuggingmode.
Restarting Application to Enable Shared Folders

Ifstartinganapplicationtodebugwithreplaydebugginginavirtualmachinefailswith A file is not founderror,waitafewminutesandrestarttheapplication.Thisis becausethesharedfoldersarenotenabledatthatmoment.
Renaming a Recording
WhenrecordingsarecreatedtheyarenamedRecording<n>bydefault.Itisusefulto renamerecordingssothatthenamereflectsthecontentandadddescriptivetexttoeach recording.Formoreinformationonrenamingarecording,seeRenameaSnapshotor Recordingonpage 197.
Determining Why an Application Does Not Run in the Guest System

Ifyourapplicationdoesnotrunintheguestsystem,itmaybebecauseaDLLismissing. Copytheapplicationmanuallytothevirtualmachineandrunittogetbetter diagnostics. Tocopytheapplicationtotheguestsystemuseanyofthefollowingmethods: Createasharedfolderthatcontainstheapplication.Formoreinformationon creatingasharedfolder,seeSetUpSharedFoldersonpage 178. Draganddroptheapplicationfromthehostsystemtotheguestsystem.Formore informationondragginganddroppinganapplication,seeEnableorDisable DragandDroponpage 176. UseWindowsnetworkingtoshareafolderonthehostsystemcontainingthe applicationandmapthatnetworkdriveontheguest.
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Glossary
administrativelockout AglobalsettingprovidingpasswordprotectionforWindowshosts. Administrativelockoutrestrictsusersfromcreatingnewvirtualmachines,editing virtualmachineconfigurations,andchangingnetworksettings. bridgednetworking Atypeofnetworkconnectionbetweenavirtualmachineandthehostsphysical network.Withbridgednetworking,avirtualmachineappearsasanadditional computeronthesamephysicalnetworkasthehost.Seealsohostonlynetworking. clone Aduplicateofavirtualmachine.Seealsofullclone,linkedclone. customnetworking Anytypeofnetworkconnectionbetweenvirtualmachinesandthehostthatdoes notusethedefaultbridged,hostonly,ornetworkaddresstranslation(NAT) networkingconfigurations.Forinstance,differentvirtualmachinescanbe connectedtothehostbyseparatenetworksorconnectedtoeachotherandnotto thehost.Anynetworktopologyispossible.
DE
diskmode Apropertyofavirtualdiskthatdefinesitsexternalbehavior(howthe virtualizationlayertreatsitsdata)butiscompletelyinvisibletotheguestoperating system.Availablemodesincludepersistentmode(changestothediskarealways preservedacrosssessions),nonpersistentmode(changesareneverpreserved),and undoablemode(changesarepreservedattheusersdiscretion).
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Favoriteslist AlistintheleftpanelofthemainWorkstationwindowthatshowsthenamesof virtualmachinesthatauserhasadded.YoucanusetheFavoriteslisttolauncha virtualmachineortoconnecttothevirtualmachinesconfigurationfileandmake changesinthevirtualmachinesettings. fullclone Acompletecopyoftheoriginalvirtualmachine,includingallassociatedvirtual disks.Seealsolinkedclone. fullscreenmode Adisplaymodeinwhichthevirtualmachinesdisplayfillstheentirescreen.See alsofullscreenswitchmode. fullscreenswitchmode Adisplaymodeinwhichthevirtualmachinesdisplayfillstheentirescreen,and theuserhasnoaccesstotheWorkstationuserinterface.Theusercannotcreate, reconfigure,orlaunchvirtualmachines.Asystemadministratorperformsthose functions.Seealsofullscreenmode.
GotoSnapshot Acommandthatallowsyoutorestoreanysnapshotoftheactivevirtualmachine. SeealsoReverttoSnapshot. guestoperatingsystem Anoperatingsystemthatrunsinsideavirtualmachine.Seealsohostoperating systemonpage 512.
HK
hostonlynetworking Atypeofnetworkconnectionbetweenavirtualmachineandthehost.With hostonlynetworking,avirtualmachineisconnectedtothehostonaprivate network,whichnormallyisnotvisibleoutsidethehost.Multiplevirtualmachines configuredwithhostonlynetworkingonthesamehostareonthesamenetwork. Seealsobridgednetworking,customnetworking. host ThephysicalcomputeronwhichtheVMwareWorkstationsoftwareisinstalled. hostoperatingsystem Anoperatingsystemthatrunsonthehostmachine.Seealsoguestoperating system.
512
VMware, Inc.
Glossary
independentdisk Atypeofvirtualdiskthatisnotaffectedbysnapshots.Youcanconfigure independentdisksinpersistentandnonpersistentmodes.Seealsononpersistent mode,persistentmode,snapshot.
LM
LANsegment Aprivatevirtualnetworkthatisavailableonlytovirtualmachineswithinthesame team.Seealsovirtualnetwork,team. linkedclone Acopyoftheoriginalvirtualmachinethatmusthaveaccesstotheparentvirtual machinesvirtualdisks.Thelinkedclonestoreschangestothevirtualdisksina separatesetoffiles.Seealsofullclone. lockout Seeadministrativelockout.
NO
nonpersistentmode Adiskmodeinwhichalldiskwritesissuedbysoftwarerunninginsideavirtual machineappeartobewrittentotheindependentdiskbutareinfactdiscarded afterthevirtualmachineispoweredoff.Asaresult,avirtualdiskorphysicaldisk inindependentnonpersistentmodeisnotmodifiedbyactivityinthevirtual machine.Seealsodiskmode,persistentmode. parent Thesourcevirtualmachinefromwhichyoutakeasnapshotormakeaclone.Afull clonehasnocontinuedlinktoitsparent,butalinkedcloneandasnapshotmust haveaccesstotheparentsvirtualdiskfiles.Ifyoudeletetheparentvirtual machine,anylinkedcloneorsnapshotbecomespermanentlydisabled.Toprevent deletion,youcanmaketheparentatemplatevirtualmachine.Seealsofullclone, linkedclone,snapshot. persistentmode Adiskmodeinwhichalldiskwritesissuedbysoftwarerunninginsideavirtual machineareimmediatelyandpermanentlywrittentoavirtualdiskthathasbeen configuredasanindependentdisk.Asaresult,avirtualdiskorphysicaldiskin independentpersistentmodebehaveslikeaconventionaldiskdriveonaphysical computer.Seealsodiskmode,nonpersistentmode.
VMware, Inc.
513
physicaldisk Aharddiskinavirtualmachinethatismappedtoaphysicaldiskdriveorpartition onthehostmachine.Aphysicaldiskisalsoreferredtoasarawdisk.Avirtual machinesdiskcanbestoredasafileonthehostfilesystemoronalocalharddisk. Whenavirtualmachineisconfiguredtouseaphysicaldisk,Workstationdirectly accessesthelocaldiskorpartitionasaphysicaldevice(notasafileonafile system).Seealsovirtualdisk.
quickswitchmode Adisplaymodeinwhichthevirtualmachinesdisplayfillsmostofthescreen.In thismode,tabsatthetopofthescreenallowyoutoswitchquicklyfromone runningvirtualmachinetoanother.Seealsofullscreenmode. rawdisk Seephysicaldisk. record/replayfeature ThisfeatureletsyourecordallofaWorkstation5or6.xvirtualmachinesactivity overaperiodoftime.UnlikeWorkstationsmoviecapturefeature,the record/replayfeatureletsyouexactlyduplicatetheoperationsandstateofthe virtualmachinethroughoutthetimeoftherecording. redolog Thefilethatstoreschangesmadetoadiskinallmodesexceptthepersistentand independentpersistentmodes.Foradiskinnonpersistentmode,theredologfile isdeletedwhenyoupowerofforresetthevirtualmachinewithoutwritingany changestothedisk.Youcanpermanentlyapplythechangessavedintheredolog toadiskinundoablemodesothattheybecomepartofthemaindiskfiles.Seealso diskmode. ReverttoSnapshot Acommandthatrestoresthestatusoftheactivevirtualmachinetoitsimmediate parentsnapshot.Thisparentisrepresentedinthesnapshotmanagerbythe snapshotappearingtotheimmediateleftoftheYouAreHereicon.SeealsoGoto Snapshot,snapshotmanager.
sharedfolder Afolderonahostcomputeroronanetworkdriveaccessiblefromthehostthat canbeusedbyboththehostandoneormorevirtualmachines.Itprovidesaway ofsharingfilesbetweenhostandguestoramongvirtualmachines.InaWindows virtualmachine,sharedfoldersappearasfoldersonadriveletter.InaLinuxor Solarisvirtualmachine,sharedfoldersappearunderaspecifiedmountpoint.

VMware, Inc.
514
Glossary
snapshot Areproductionofthevirtualmachinejustasitwaswhenyoutookthesnapshot, includingthevirtualmachinespowerstate(on,off,orsuspended).Ifthevirtual harddisksarenotsettoindependentmode,asnapshotalsoincludesthestateof thedataonallthevirtualmachinesdisks.Youcantakeasnapshotwhenavirtual machineispoweredon,poweredoff,orsuspended.Seealsoindependentdisk. snapshotmanager Acontrolpanelusedtotakeactionsonanyofthesnapshotsandrecordings associatedwiththeselectedvirtualmachine.Seealsorecord/replayfeature, snapshot.
TU
team Agroupofvirtualmachinesthatareconfiguredtooperateasoneobject.Youcan poweron,poweroff,andsuspendateamwithonecommand.Youcanconfigure ateamtocommunicateindependentlyofanyothervirtualorrealnetworkby settingupaLANsegment.SeealsoLANsegment,virtualnetwork. Unitymode Adisplaymodeinwhichavirtualmachinesapplicationsaredisplayedin applicationwindowsdirectlyonthehostsdesktop.Thevirtualmachineconsole viewishidden,andyoucanminimizetheWorkstationwindow.Inthismode,a virtualmachinesapplicationslookjustlikeotherapplicationwindowsonthehost.
VX
virtualdisk Afileorsetoffilesthatappearsasaphysicaldiskdrivetoaguestoperating system.Thesefilescanbeonthehostmachineoronaremotefilesystem.Seealso physicaldisk. virtualhardware Thedevicesthatmakeupavirtualmachine.Thevirtualhardwareincludesthe virtualdisk,removabledevicessuchastheDVDROM/CDROMandfloppy drives,andthevirtualEthernetadapter.Youconfigurethesedeviceswiththe virtualmachinesettingseditor.Seealsovirtualmachinesettingseditor. virtualmachine Avirtualizedx86PCenvironmentinwhichaguestoperatingsystemand associatedapplicationsoftwarecanrun.Multiplevirtualmachinescanoperateon thesamehostmachineconcurrently.
VMware, Inc.
515
virtualmachineconfiguration Thespecificationofwhichvirtualdevices,suchasdisksandmemory,arepresent inavirtualmachineandhowtheyaremappedtohostfilesanddevices. virtualmachineconfigurationfile Afilecontainingavirtualmachineconfiguration.This.vmxfileiscreatedwhen youcreatethevirtualmachine.Itisusedtoidentifyandrunaspecificvirtual machine. virtualmachinesettingseditor Apointandclickcontrolpanelusedtoviewandmodifyavirtualmachines settings. virtualnetwork Anetworkconnectingvirtualmachinesthatdoesnotdependonphysical hardwareconnections.Forexample,youcancreateavirtualnetworkbetweena virtualmachineandahostthathasnoexternalnetworkconnections.Youcanalso createaLANsegmentforcommunicationbetweenvirtualmachinesonateam.See alsoLANsegment,team. virtualnetworkeditor Apointandclickeditorusedtoviewandmodifythenetworkingsettingsforthe virtualnetworkscreatedbyWorkstation. VMwarePlayer FreesoftwarethatenablesPCuserstoeasilyrunanyvirtualmachineona WindowsorLinuxPC.VMwarePlayerrunsvirtualmachinescreatedbyVMware Workstation,VMwareServer,orESXServerandalsosupportsMicrosoftvirtual machinesandSymantecBackupExecSystemRecoverydiskformats. VMwareTools Asuiteofutilitiesanddriversthatenhancestheperformanceandfunctionalityof yourguestoperatingsystem.KeyfeaturesofVMwareToolsincludesomeorallof thefollowing,dependingonyourguestoperatingsystem:anSVGAdriver,a mousedriver,theVMwareToolscontrolpanelandsupportforsuchfeaturesas sharedfolders,draganddropinWindowsandLinuxguests,shrinkingvirtual disks,timesynchronizationwiththehost,VMwareToolsscripts,andconnecting anddisconnectingdeviceswhilethevirtualmachineisrunning.Seealsoshared folder.
516
VMware, Inc.
Index
Numerics
3D support 165
A
About tab VMware Tools 121 access control policies, ACE 375, 381 ACE instance defined 367 installing on a Linux host 452 installing on a Windows host 448 offline usage 403 removable device policy 394 running a Pocket ACE 445 setting policies for 374 uninstalling from a Linux host 455 uninstalling from a Windows host 450 upgrading 455 ACE Management Server and Active Directory 381 defined 367 ACE New Package wizard 431 ACE Resources directory 428 ACE tools, using 461 ACE-enabled virtual machine configuring 429 creating packages for 431 defined 367 deployment platform 427 ACPI S1 sleep feature 364 activation policy, ACE 375
Active Directory password change proxying 381 adapter host virtual adapters 282, 393 in promiscuous mode on a Linux host 298 specifying physical, for ACE 393 virtual Ethernet 276 Add Hardware wizard 314, 346 Add Shared Folder wizard 178 address assigning IP 287 assigning MAC manually 292 IP on virtual network 286 MAC 291 network address translation 299 using DHCP to assign 286 administrative lockout 351 administrative tools policy, ACE 401 AMD Athlon 64 processor 23, 36 AMD Opteron processor 23, 36 AMD Sempron processor 23, 36 AMD Turion 64 processor 23, 36 appliance view for virtual machines 170 policy for ACE instances 397 assign IP address 286 network port number in NAT 305 Athlon 64 processor 23, 36 attaching to a process for debugging 481, 498
VMware, Inc.
517
audio 31, 167, 168 AudioPCI 168 authentication policy, ACE 375 autofit settings 156 automatic bridging 277, 393
C
capacity, disk 220, 232 capture screenshot 171 snapshot of virtual machine 189 virtual machine activity 239 CD adding drive to virtual machine 234 CD-ROM image file 30 legacy emulation mode for 235 package delivery for ACE 435 .cfg file 93 change hot-key combinations 71 JVM path 478 team name 254 virtual machine name 62 Change Version wizard 91 clock real-time on Linux host 43 synchronize guest and host 118 clone template 205 Clone Virtual Machine wizard 206 clones creating, for teams 252, 257, 264 creating, in Clone Virtual Machine wizard 205 enable template mode 205 full 204 IP address 206 linked 204, 210 MAC address and UUID of 203 network identity of 206 overview 203 static IP address 206 color display on VNC clients 212 screen, in a virtual machine 164
B
background, running virtual machines in 69, 245 bandwidth controlling, in team networks 251 LAN segment 262 battery information, reporting in guest 157 BIOS file in virtual machine 93 provided in virtual machine 29 setup, entering 146 .bmp files for screen captures 171 bridged networking ACE policy for network adapters 393 and Samba servers 311 configuring options 277 browser and appliance views 170 configuring on Linux host 43 BSD supported 32-bit guest operating systems 35 supported 64-bit guest operating systems 35 BT/KT-958 drivers 84 bulkDeploy.exe program 444 bundle installer for Workstation 43 BusLogic 30, 344
518
VMware, Inc.
Index
comm port See serial connection, serial port command-line interface for VMware Tools 130 for Workstation 467 commands keyboard shortcuts 70 startup, on the command line 362, 467 startup, on Windows hosts 469 configuration options for remote debugging 487, 492 configurations in the Visual Studio debugger creating 492 removing 496 renaming 495 configurations, launch, for debugging in Eclipse deleting 480 duplicating 478, 479 editing 479 overview of 477 to attach to applications 479 to start a virtual machine 478 configure record/replay 242 connect CD/DVDs and floppies to ISO images 236 USB devices 336 Conversion wizard 131, 140, 142 converting virtual machines 131 copy protection policy for ACE instances 383 copy virtual machine 209 CPU host requirement 23 provided in virtual machine 29
creating ACE packages 431 policies for an ACE instance 374 recordings of virtual machine execution 503 virtual disks 225 Creative Labs 168 Creative Labs Sound Blaster 31 Ctrl+Alt hot-key combination 323 custom EULA ACE package setting 427
D
DDNS (dynamic domain name service) 294 debugging attaching to processes in a virtual machine 481, 498 modes in the Visual Studio debugger 484 starting applications in virtual machine without 481 starting in a virtual machine 481, 497 using serial connection 321 default scripts for VMware Tools 123 defragmenting virtual disks 223, 224 deleting configurations for debugging in Eclipse 480 recordings of virtual machine activity 198, 248 snapshots 194, 198 virtual machines 150 deploy.exe program 443 deployment settings, ACE deployment platform 427 encryption 418 EULA 427 instance customization 419 package lifetime 418
VMware, Inc.
519
destinations for imported virtual machines 138 device connection policy 394 device drivers for generic SCSI devices 345 for USB support 339 VMware Tools 98 devices ACE policies for USB 394 adding a generic SCSI device 346, 347 connecting and disconnecting 119, 169 disconnecting from USB controller 341 processor 29 removable, ACE policies for 394 USB 334 Devices tab in Preferences dialog box 65 VMware Tools 119 DHCP assigning IP addresses on a virtual network 286 changing settings 280, 281 configuring on a Linux host 288 configuring on a Windows host 288 DHCPD 294 lease 281 on a virtual network with NAT 300 server 266, 281 server on virtual network 270, 271 stopping 297 dial-up connection 289 directories, shared 182 disable acceleration 169 copying and pasting text and files 177
drag-and-drop of files and folders 176 folder sharing 179 interface features 351 disc labels for packages 435 disk See also virtual disk IDE drive supported in host 24 IDE drives in virtual machine 30 independent 193 mapping to a drive 185 optical drives supported in host 24 SCSI drive supported in host 24 size 220, 232 space required on host computer 24 .vmdk virtual disk file 93 display autofit settings for 156 color depth 164 fitting window to virtual machine 162 full screen 154, 156 multiple monitor 159, 161 requirements on hosts 24 switching virtual machines 157 Display tab in preferences editor 162 distributing ACE packages 431 DMZ 251 DNS on a NAT network 300 setup issues, troubleshooting 464 domain join, remote 425 domain problems 464 domain setting, in ACE instance customization 422 downgrading virtual machines 91 dragging and dropping files between host and guest 175
520
VMware, Inc.
Index
drivers SCSI 345 sound 168 video, in older versions of Windows 101 drives CD/DVD-ROM 234 floppy 30, 234 IDE tape 344 virtual IDE 225 virtual SCSI 225 dual-boot computers and virtual machines 238 dual-monitor display 159, 161 DVD adding drive to virtual machine 234 legacy emulation mode for 235 optical, supported 24 package delivery for ACE 435 dynamic domain name service 294
exclusive mode 158 expiration policy for ACE instances 383
F
Favorites list creating folders in 62 overview 61 removing virtual machines from 62 files BIOS in virtual machine 93 redo log 93 Samba and file sharing on a Linux host 311 sharing among virtual machines and host 175 snapshot 93 suspended state 93 used by a virtual machine 93 used by snapshot 93 virtual machine 148 firewall 306, 488 fit to guest and fit to window 162 floppy drives in virtual machine 30, 236 image file 30, 236 folders in the Favorites list 62 shared, See shared folder FreeBSD supported 32-bit guests 35 supported 64-bit guests 35 VMware Tools for 109 FTP 301 full screen mode 154 full screen settings 156 full screen switch mode 355, 363 full screen toolbar 156, 397
E
Eclipse installing the Workstation plug-in for 39 Integrated Virtual Debugger 471 EHCI controller 31 EM64T processor 23, 36 encryption for ACE packages and instances 418 enhanced virtual keyboard 323, 398 Ethernet adapter adding to virtual machine 276 for teams 263 promiscuous mode 298 virtual network adapters 266 Ethernet controller 25 Ethernet switches 32
VMware, Inc.
521
G
gated host network 293 global configuration file 356 graphics See also display support in virtual machine 29, 164 guest autofit 162 defined 22 fit command 162 guest network access policies, ACE 385, 394 guest operating system for ACE instance customization 421 installing 88 support for 64-bit 36 supported 32 supported for Visual Studio debugging 487, 500 supported FreeBSD 32-bit 35 supported FreeBSD 64-bit 35 supported Linux 32-bit 34 supported Linux 64-bit 34, 35 supported MS-DOS 33 supported Solaris 32-bit 35 supported Solaris 64-bit 35 upgrades 90 Windows 32-bit 32 Windows 64-bit 33 GUID Partition Table (GPT) disks 137
host defined 22 hard disk space required 24 network access policies, ACE 394 optical drives supported 24 policies, ACE 385, 448 system requirements 23 virtual adapters 282 virtual network mapping 278, 280 host-guest data script policies 381 host-only networking basic configuration 270 selecting IP addresses 286 hot fix, ACE policies 403 responding 463 hot keys for full screen switch mode 358, 359 hexadecimal values for 357 in Workstation preferences 323 setting 71 using Ctrl+Alt+Insert and Ctrl+Alt+Delete 70 Hot Keys tab 65
I
ICMP 301 IDE drive supported in host 24 drives in virtual machine 30 optical drive supported in host 24 IDESCSI, setting up virtual disk as 221 image file floppy 30, 236 ISO 30, 234, 236 importing virtual machines 131, 133 independent disk 193 initialization scripts for instance customization 422
H
Hardware tab in virtual machine settings editor 67 headless virtual machines (run in the background) 69, 245 HIDs (human interface devices) 337
522
VMware, Inc.
Index
installing ACE instance on a Linux host 452 ACE instance on a Windows host 448 guest operating systems 88 Pocket ACE on portable device 443 software in a virtual machine 168 VMware Player on a Linux host 451 VMware Tools silently on Windows guests 102 Workstation on Linux host 43 Workstation on Windows host 39 Workstation silently on Windows hosts 40 instance customization, ACE deployment settings for 422 guest operating systems for 421 initialization scripts 422 Microsoft Sysprep deployment tools for 421 package settings, overview 419 packages with 435 placeholder values 423 specifying license information for Windows servers 424 workgroup or domain setting 422 Intel EM64T processor 23, 36 IP address assigning 287 clone 206 static 287 IP packet forwarding 289 ISO image file 30, 234, 236
K
Kbps, for LAN segment 262 kernel paravirtual, support for 89 key code mapping 328 keyboard enhanced virtual, ACE policy 398 enhanced virtual, on Windows 323 language keymaps for VNC clients 324 mapping on a Linux host 326 shortcuts 70, 151 USB 334 keyloggers 398 keysym defined 327 mapping 328 kiosk mode, ACE policies 402 preparing Linux hosts for 454 starting multiple virtual machines in 458 startup behavior 457
L
LAN segments and teams 260 changing name 262 configuring connections to 263 deleting 263 setting bandwidth 262 setting Kbps 262 setting packet loss 262 launch configurations for debugging in Eclipse deleting 480 duplicating 478, 479
J
JVM (Java virtual machine) 478
VMware, Inc.
523
editing 479 to attach to applications 479 to start applications 478 leaks, IP packet 289 legacy emulation for DVD/CD-ROM drives 235 licensing, serial number and 456 linked clones 210 Linux 32-bit host 27 64-bit host 26 installing on Linux host 43 supported 32-bit guest operating systems 34 supported 64-bit guest operating systems 34, 35 supported host operating systems 26 uninstalling Workstation on Linux host 45 upgrading on Linux host 50 VMware Tools for 105 LiveState system image, importing 133 local area networking 25 location of virtual machine files 81, 148 lock files 220 lockout for some interface features 351 Workstation preference 65 log files 93, 363 LSI Logic 30 lSI Logic 84, 344
map key code 328 keyboard 326 keysym 328 mapped drives, for virtual disks 184 mapping virtual disks to a drive 185 master boot record (MBR) disks 137 memory amount required on host 24 settings 397 Microsoft Sysprep deployment tools 421 MIDI 167 mode debugging, in Visual Studio 484 exclusive 158 full screen 154 preview 429 promiscuous 298 quick switch 157 Unity 151 modifier keys 358 monitors specifying the number of 159, 161 using multiple 159, 161 mouse driver, installed by VMware Tools 98 USB 334 movie capture 172 moving a virtual machine 207 MP3 167 MS-DOS 33 msvsmon.exe program 486 multiple monitors, using 159, 161 Mylex 30, 84, 344
M
MAC address and clones 203 assigning manually 292 of virtual Ethernet adapter 291
524
VMware, Inc.
Index
N
name changing team name 254 changing virtual machine name 62 computer, making unique 490 NAT ACE policies for 392 advanced configuration 302 and DHCP 300 and DNS 300 and the host computer 300 external access from a NAT network 301 on virtual network 269, 299 port forwarding 305, 306, 310 sample configuration file for Linux host 309 selecting IP addresses 286 specifying connection from port below 1024 303 NAT.conf file 304, 309 .NET framework, Microsoft 489 NetLogon 307 NetWare, Novell 35, 111, 121 network adding and modifying virtual Ethernet adapters 276 automatic bridging 277 automatic bridging for ACE instances 393 changing DHCP settings 280, 281 changing subnet settings 280, 281 changing the configuration 275 components 265 configuring bridged networking options 277 DHCP 286 DHCP server 266 dial-up connection 289
dynamic domain name service 294 hardware address 291 host virtual network mapping 278, 280 host-only 270 host-only subnet 286 identity, clone 206 IP forwarding 289 IP packet leaks 289 locking out access to settings 351 MAC address 291 NAT 269, 299 NAT as firewall 306 NAT subnet 286 packet filtering 289 promiscuous mode on a Linux host 298 routing between two host-only networks 297 Samba 311 second bridged network on a Linux host 280 switch 265 token ring 269 two host-only networks 283 virtual DHCP server 270, 271 virtual Ethernet adapter 266 virtual network editor 277, 282, 288 virtual switch 265 virtualizing in a team 251 network access policies, ACE 385, 393 network adapters creating, for team networks 263 virtual, adding 276 virtual, overview of 266 network image package delivery for ACE 435 New Package wizard 431 New Virtual Machine wizard 63, 78, 86, 219
525
VMware, Inc.
NFS ports 303 Novell NetWare supported guests 35 VMware Tools for 111 Novell Open Enterprise Server supported guests 35 NVRAM 93
P
P2V (physical-to-virtual) conversion 131 Package Properties dialog box 436 package settings, ACE custom EULA 427 deployment platform 427 encryption 418 instance customization 419 package lifetime 418 placeholder values in instance customization 423 remote domain join 425 workgroup or domain in instance customization 422 Packages tab 436 packages, ACE burning files onto discs 435 changing lifetime setting 418 creating 431 creation progress 435 deployment for Pocket ACE 443 deployment platform for 427 disc labels for 435 disk space required for 433 distribution format 435 Pocket ACE installation 443 pre-deployment test for 437 previewing before deployment 437 registration 435 testing before deployment 437 viewing history of 436 packet filtering 289 leaks 289 packet loss, configuring, for LAN segments 262
O
offline usage of ACE instances, policy 403 Open Enterprise Server 35 open virtual machine format (.ovf and .ova files) 136 operating system 32-bit Windows host 25 64-bit Windows host 26 FreeBSD 32-bit guest 35 FreeBSD 64-bit guest 35 installing guest 88 Linux 32-bit guest 34 Linux 32-bit host 26, 27 Linux 64-bit guest 34, 35 Linux 64-bit host 27 MS-DOS guest 33 Solaris 32-bit guest 35 Solaris 64-bit guest 35 support for 64-bit guest 36 Windows 32-bit guest 32 Windows 64-bit 33 Opteron processor 23, 36 optical drive supported in host 24 Options tab virtual machine settings editor 68 VMware Tools 118 .ovf and .ova files 136
526
VMware, Inc.
Index
parallel ports configuring on a Linux host 315 in a virtual machine 313 installing in virtual machines 314 paravirtualized kernels in Linux guests 89 parent snapshot 191 passwords and administrative lockout 352 removing forgotten password 352 physical disk adding physical disks 227 capacity 222 storing virtual disks on 221 using in a virtual machine 222 ping 301 placeholder values in instance customization 423 platform deployment settings, ACE 427 Player policy, ACE 397 plug-ins Eclipse Integrated Virtual Debugger 471 writing, for ACE instances 406 .png files for screen captures 171 Pocket ACE deleting the cache 450, 455 deploying 443 description 85, 439 Disk Size Calculator 85 installing on portable device 443 instructions for running 445 portable device requirements 441 Pocket ACE Deploy Utility dialog box 443 policies, ACE access control 375 activation 375 administrative tools 401
authentication 375 copy protection 383 device connection 394 expiration 383 host 385, 448 host-guest data script 381 hot fix 403 kiosk mode 402 network access 385 Player runtime 397 removable device 394 resource signing 384 runtime preferences 397 setting for an ACE instance 374 snapshot 400 update frequency 403 USB device 394 using scripts 406 policy editor, using 374 policy update frequency, ACE 403 port TCP and UDP below 1024 303 VNC 212 port forwarding 305, 306, 310 Power menu disable functions 352 using, for teams 260 power off snapshot options 199 team 259 Power Off button 149 power on a virtual machine 146 team 259 to BIOS 146 Powered On list 63 power-on script for ACE instances 378
VMware, Inc.
527
preferences display 162 hot keys 323 setting, for Workstation 65 VMware Tools upgrade options 113 workspace 65 Preview in Player icon 429 preview mode, ACE 429, 437 previewing ACE packages 437 processor host requirement 23 provided in virtual machine 29 supported for 64-bit guest 23, 36 programming languages supported for debugging 486, 500 promiscuous mode 298 publishing ACE policy changes 437
Q
quick switch mode 157 quiet mode, install VMware Tools 102 quitting ACE Player 460
R
RAM amount required on host 24 raw disk 222 Real Media 167 real-time clock requirement on Linux host 43 record/replay feature 239, 242 recordings of virtual machine execution deleting 198 renaming 197 .REDO file 93 registration of ACE packages 435 of VMware Workstation 72 reimage snapshots 400
remote connections to a virtual machine 211 Remote Debug Monitor 486, 490 remote domain join 425 RemoteDisplay.vnc.keyMap property 324 removable devices ACE policies for 394 deploying Pocket ACE packages to 443 disconnecting 341 removable drive for Pocket ACE 443 removing a virtual disk 227 devices from a virtual machine 169 Repair option for VMware Tools installations 101 repairing VMware Tools installations 112, 116 replay debugging limitations 505 set general properties 501 using 499 with the Visual Studio debugger 500 Replay toolbar 243, 244 reporting problems to VMware 73 Reset button 149 resizing Linux guests 162 Solaris guests 163 resolution, screen 156 resource signing policy for ACE instances 384 restricted user interface 352 resume team 260 virtual machine 187 reverting to snapshot 197
528
VMware, Inc.
Index
routing between host-only networks 297 host only 293 RPM installer for VMware Tools 105 for Workstation 45 runtime preferences policy, ACE 397
S
Samba and file sharing on a Linux host 311 modifying configuration for Workstation 311 on both bridged and host-only networks 312 scan code 327 scanner 344 screen captures 171 screen colors for VNC clients 212 setting, for virtual machines 164 screen modes full screen 154 quick switch 157 screen resolution 163 screenshot capture 171 screenshots 171 scripts creating custom VMware Tools 124 enabling, disabling, and running 120 for ACE instance customization 422 power on, for ACE instances 378 running and disabling 126 running during power state changes 123 startup, for ACE kiosk mode 458 writing, for ACE instances 406
Scripts tab in VMware Tools 120 SCSI adding a generic SCSI device 346, 347 avoiding concurrent access on a Linux host 345 connecting to generic 344 devices in virtual machine 30 drive supported in host 24 driver for Windows NT guest 345 driver for Windows Server 2003 guest 345 driver for Windows XP guest 345 drivers 84, 344 generic SCSI on a Linux host 345 generic SCSI on a Windows host 344 optical drives 24 permissions for a generic SCSI device on a Linux host 344 setting up virtual disk as 221 Sempron processor 23, 36 serial connection between host application and virtual machine 319 between two virtual machines 319 for debugging 321 to a serial port on the host 319 serial number for ACE instances 456 serial port, installing and using 318 server DHCP 266, 288, 300, 307 DNS 294, 300, 302 WINS 301 share files on a Linux host with Samba 311
VMware, Inc.
529
shared folder enable and disable 179 mounting, on Linux 182 on Linux and Solaris guests 182 permissions on Linux 182 using 177 viewing 181 Shared Folders tab in VMware Tools 120 sharing virtual machines 211 shortcuts, keyboard 65, 70, 323 shrink virtual disks 121, 224 virtual disks in Netware 121 Shrink tab, VMware Tools 121 sidebar panel 60 size disk 220, 232 virtual disk 30 sleep, ACPI 364 smart cards in virtual machines 341 SMP See virtual SMP snapshot and Workstation 4 virtual machines 199 as background activity 193 deleting 194, 198 disabling menu functions 352 excluding virtual disks from 193 files 93 linear process 189 parent 191 policies 400 power-off options 199 process tree 190 renaming 194, 197 restoring 197 reverting to 197
reverting to at power off 197 taking 196 team 264 using 189 snapshot manager 194 Solaris resizing guests 163 supported 32-bit guest operating systems 35 supported 64-bit guest operating systems 35 VMware Tools for 108 sound configuring 167 drivers for Windows 9x and NT guests 168 Sound Blaster 168 support in guest 31 .spf file, importing 133 starting ACE Player 456, 457 applications in a virtual machine without debugging 481 debugging session in a recording 503 debugging session in a virtual machine 481, 497 session in a virtual machine without debugging 497 Workstation 51 startup commands used by VMware Tools 128 startup scripts for ACE kiosk mode 458 using VMware Tools 127 static IP addresses clone 206 range of 300 .std file 93
530
VMware, Inc.
Index
stopping ACE Player 460 recording virtual machine activity 245 StorageCraft images, importing 133 streaming virtual machines 147, 214 stretch guest display setting 156 subnet changing settings 280, 281 in NAT configuration 286 on host-only network 286 substring matching, for configuring which physical network adapter to use 393 Sun Solaris supported 32-bit guest operating systems 35 supported 64-bit guest operating systems 35 support scripts, running 73 suspend files 93 team 260 virtual machine 187 .sv2i file, importing 133 SVGA drivers installing, in older Windows guests 101 switch virtual network 265 workspaces in Linux guest 323 symmetric multiprocessing See virtual SMP system requirements 23 for guests 32 for remote debugging with Visual Studio 486, 500 host 23
T
tabs in Preferences dialog box 65 in VMware Tools control panel 117 virtual machine 52 tape drive 344 .tar file for installing VMware Tools 106 team adding virtual machine to 257 and LAN segments 260 cloning virtual machine from 264 closing 255 creating clone in New Team wizard 252, 257 deleting 255 Ethernet adapters for 263 name change 254 network 251 new 252 no clone template 205 opening 254 overview 251 power off 259 powering on 259 removing virtual machine from 258 resume 260 snapshot 264 suspend 260 Telnet 301 template mode for clones 205 3D support 165 time, synchronizing, between guest and host 118 time.synchronize options for VMware Tools 118 token ring 269 toolbar customizing 59, 60 hide 352
VMware, Inc.
531
Tools panel in the virtual machine settings editor 115 Tools upgrade options 113 troubleshooting responding to ACE hot fix requests 463 with vmware-acetool 461 Turion 64 processor 23, 36 two-way virtual SMP 349
U
UHCI controller 31 uninstalling an ACE instance from a Linux host 455 an ACE instance from a Windows host 450 host virtual adapters 282 VMware Tools 116 Workstation on Linux host 45 Workstation on Windows host 42 Unity mode 151 update frequency 403 updates, checking for Workstation 63 updating VMware Tools 115 upgrade ACE instances 455 guest operating systems 90 on Linux host 50 on Windows host 47 on Windows Vista host 48 removing snapshots before virtual machine upgrades 46 virtual machines 91 VMware Tools 113, 115 USB connecting devices 336 control of devices by host and guest 340
controller, enabling and disabling 335 device policies, ACE 394 devices in a virtual machine 334 disconnecting devices 341 keyboard and mouse 334 on a Linux host 339 on a Windows host 338 port specifications 31 supported device types 334 user interface overview 52 restricted 352 UUID (universal unique identifier) and clones 203 location 201 options for when you move a virtual machine 202 specifying 202
V
VAssert API 173 version, changing virtual machine 91 VGA 163 virtual adapters host virtual adapters 282 specifications for 32 virtual appliances open virtual machine format (OVF) 136 virtual disk See also disk adding to virtual machine 225, 226 allocating disk space 85 defined 220 defragmenting 223 IDE, size 30 legacy 238
532
VMware, Inc.
Index
mapping, to a Windows drive 184, 185 setting up as IDE or SCSI 221 shrinking 121, 224 shrinking in Netware 121 size 30 storing on physical disks 221 using in a new virtual machine 80 Virtual Disk Manager 237 .vmdk file 93 Virtual Disk Manager 237 virtual hardware CPU issues 141 disk device issues 141 Ethernet adapter issues 141 graphics card issues 141 virtual keyboard 323 virtual machine adding a virtual disk 225, 226 adding floppy drive 236 adding or modifying an Ethernet adapter 276 adding physical disk 227 adding to team 257 and SMP 349 cloning from team 264 constituent files 93 conversion 131 creating 77, 97, 131 creating a clone 205 default location of 81 delete 150 files 148 IDE drives in installing software in 168 migrating 210 moving 201, 207 moving SMP virtual machines 350 name change 62
platform specifications 29 portability 220 power off vs. shut down 149 removing from Favorites list 62 removing from team 258 reset vs. restart 149 resuming 187 running in the background 69, 245 settings 67 shutting down 149 starting 145 starting in full screen mode 361 suspending 187 upgrade or downgrade 91 upgrading procedure 91 using snapshots 189 Virtual Machine Communication Interface (VMCI) 98 virtual machine settings editor restricting access 351, 352 VMware Tools panel 115 Virtual PC, importing 133 virtual SMP 349, 350 virtual switch 265 virtual symmetric multiprocessing See virtual SMP Visual Studio installing the Workstation plug-in for 39 Integrated Virtual Debugger 483 supported versions for remote debugging 486 supported versions for replay debugging 499 VIX API 173 VM streaming 147, 214 .vmc file, importing 133 VMCI Sockets interface 173 .vmdk file 93
VMware, Inc.
533
.vmem file 93 VMI (Virtual Machine Interface) enabled kernels 89 VMnet1 295 VMnet8 300 .vmsd file 93 .vmsn file 93 .vmss file 93 .vmtm file 93 VMware ACE, key features of 366 vmware command for VM streaming 147, 214 vmware command-line program 467 VMware Converter 131, 133 VMware Player installing on a Linux host 451 quitting ACE 460 running 215 sharing virtual machines with 215 starting ACE 456 VMware Tools About tab 121 automated install 102 command-line interface 130 configuring 117 configuring in a Netware virtual machine 121 control panel 117 device drivers 98 Devices tab 119 for FreeBSD guests 109 for Linux guests 105 for NetWare guests 111 for Solaris guests 108 installing from the command line with the RPM installer 106 installing from the command line with the tar installer 106
installing on Windows guests 100 modifying installation 116 Options tab 118 running scripts during power state changes 123 Scripts tab 120 Shared Folders tab 120 Shrink tab 121 silent install 102 taskbar icon, displaying 117 uninstalling 116 updating 113, 115 using from command line 121 VMware user process 99 vmwtool commands 121 VMware Tools service executing commands on halt or reboot 126 overview of 98 passing strings from the host 127 VMware user process, in VMware Tools 99 vmware-user, starting manually 112 vmware-acetool, using 461 vmware-fullscreen log file 363 vmwtool program 121 .vmx file 93 .vmxf file 93 VNC setting a keyboard map for 324 setting a virtual machine to act as a VNC server 211 VProbes 173 v-scan code defined 327 table of codes 330
534
VMware, Inc.
Index
W
.wav file 167 Windows 32-bit guest operating systems 32 64-bit guest operating systems 33 group policy settings for debugging in Visual Studio 487 uninstalling on Windows host 42 upgrading on Windows host 47 upgrading to Windows Vista 48 VMware Tools for 100 Windows 95 sound driver 168 Windows 98 sound driver 168 Windows NT SCSI driver for guest 345 sound driver 168 Windows Server 2003 SCSI driver for guest 345 Windows XP configuring for debugging in Visual Studio 488 SCSI driver for guest 345 wizard Add Hardware 314, 346 Add Shared Folder 178 Change Version 91 Clone Virtual Machine 206 Conversion 131 New Package 431 New Team 252 New Virtual Machine 63, 78, 86
Workspace tab in preferences editor 65 workspaces location of 65 switching in Linux guest 323 Workstation checking for updates for 63 starting 51
X
X server and keyboard mapping 326 X toolkit options 469 xFree86 and keyboard mapping 326
Z
zip drives 341
VMware, Inc.
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Wmvare Workstation Manual

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Workstation Users Manual

Workstation Users Manual

Workstation Users Manual Item: EN-000041-03

VMware, Inc. 3401 Hillview Ave. Palo Alto, CA 94304 www.vmware.com

Workstation Users Manual

Workstation Users Manual

ConversionImpactonSettings 140 MigrationIssuesCausedbyHardwareChanges 141 OpenaThirdPartyVirtualMachineorSystemImage 142 ImportaVirtualMachine,VirtualAppliance,orSystemImage

Workstation Users Manual

Workstation Users Manual

Workstation Users Manual

Workstation Users Manual

Workstation Users Manual

PerformanEndtoEndDeploymentTest 437 DeployPackages 438

Workstation Users Manual

About This Book

Workstation Users Manual

Technical Support and Education Resources

Online and Telephone Support

VMware Professional Services

Introduction and System Requirements

Workstation Users Manual

Overview of This Manual

Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements

Host System Requirements

Workstation Users Manual

Optical CD-ROM/DVD-ROM Drives

Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements

Local Area Networking

Host Operating System

Windows Host Operating Systems

Workstation Users Manual

Table 1-1. Supported Windows Host Operating Systems (Continued)

Linux Host Operating Systems

Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements

Table 1-2. Supported Linux Host Operating Systems (Continued)

Workstation Users Manual

Table 1-2. Supported Linux Host Operating Systems (Continued)

Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements

Virtual Machine Specifications

Workstation Users Manual

Serial (COM) Ports

Parallel (LPT) Ports

Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements

Mouse and Drawing Tablets

Workstation Users Manual

Supported Guest Operating Systems

Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements

Table 1-3. Guest Operating Systems (Continued)

Workstation Users Manual

Table 1-3. Guest Operating Systems (Continued)

Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements

Table 1-3. Guest Operating Systems (Continued)

FreeBSD32bit Note:IfyouuseSCSIvirtualdiskslargerthan2GBwithFreeBSD 4.04.3,theguestoperatingsystemdoesnotboot.Toworkaround thisissue,seetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuide.

FreeBSD64bit Solarisx8632bit SunJavaDesktopSystem(JDS)

Workstation Users Manual

Support for 64-Bit Guest Operating Systems

Installing and Upgrading VMware Workstation

Workstation Users Manual

Sharing a Workstation Host with Other VMware Products

Chapter 2 Installing and Upgrading VMware Workstation

Install Workstation on a Windows Host

Workstation Users Manual

Install Workstation Silently