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organizational behavior? What is culture and how can we understand cultural differences? How does cultural diversity affect people at work? What is a global view on organizational learning?
Organizational Behavior: Chapter 3 2
Off shoring.
Contracting out work to persons in other countries.
Job migration.
Movement of jobs from one location or country to
another.
Organizational Behavior: Chapter 3 6
particular society. The software of the mind. Helps define boundaries between different groups and affects how their members relate to one another. Cultural intelligence is the ability to identify, understand, and act with sensitivity and effectiveness in cross-cultural situations.
Organizational Behavior: Chapter 3 8
Study Question 2: What is culture and how can we understand cultural differences?
Language. Perhaps the most visible aspect of culture. Whorfian hypothesis considers language as a major determinant of thinking. Low-context cultures the message is conveyed by the words used. High-context cultures words convey only a limited part of the message.
Organizational Behavior: Chapter 3 9
Study Question 2: What is culture and how can we understand cultural differences?
Monochronic cultures. Linear view of time. Create pressure for action and performance. Long-range goals and planning are important.
Organizational Behavior: Chapter 3 10
Study Question 2: What is culture and how can we understand cultural differences?
Study Question 2: What is culture and how can we understand cultural differences?
Religion.
A major element of culture. Can be a very visible aspect of culture. Influences codes of ethics and moral behavior. Influences conduct of economic matters.
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Study Question 2: What is culture and how can we understand cultural differences?
Values and national culture. Cultures vary in underlying patterns of values and attitudes. Hofstedes five dimensions of national culture:
Study Question 2: What is culture and how can we understand cultural differences?
Power distance. The willingness of a culture to accept status and power differences among members. Respect for hierarchy and rank in organizations. Example of a high power distance culture Indonesia. Example of a low power distance culture Sweden.
Organizational Behavior: Chapter 3 14
Study Question 2: What is culture and how can we understand cultural differences?
Uncertainty avoidance. The cultural tendency toward discomfort with risk and ambiguity. Preference for structured versus unstructured organizational situations. Example of a high uncertainty avoidance culture France. Example of a low uncertainty avoidance culture Hong Kong.
Organizational Behavior: Chapter 3 15
Study Question 2: What is culture and how can we understand cultural differences?
Individualism-collectivism. The cultural tendency to emphasize individual or group interests. Preferences for working individually or in groups. Example of an individualistic culture United States. Example of a collectivist culture Mexico.
Organizational Behavior: Chapter 3 16
Study Question 2: What is culture and how can we understand cultural differences?
Masculinity-femininity. The tendency of a culture to value stereotypical masculine or feminine traits. Emphasizes competition/assertiveness versus interpersonal sensitivity/relationships. Example of a masculine culture Japan. Example of a feminine culture Thailand.
Organizational Behavior: Chapter 3 17
Study Question 2: What is culture and how can we understand cultural differences?
Long-term/short-term orientation. The tendency of a culture to emphasize futureoriented values versus present-oriented values. Adoption of long-term or short-term performance horizons. Example of a long-term orientation culture South Korea. Example of a short-term orientation culture United States.
Organizational Behavior: Chapter 3 18
Study Question 2: What is culture and how can we understand cultural differences?
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Study Question 2: What is culture and how can we understand cultural differences?
ones own culture are the only ways of doing things. Ethnocentrism assuming that the ways of ones culture are the best ways of doing things.
Organizational Behavior: Chapter 3 20
Study Question 2: What is culture and how can we understand cultural differences?
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Study Question 2: What is culture and how can we understand cultural differences?
Study Question 2: What is culture and how can we understand cultural differences?
Study Question 2: What is culture and how can we understand cultural differences?
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Study Question 2: What is culture and how can we understand cultural differences?
time.
Sequential view of time.
Time is a passing series of events.
future.
Organizational Behavior: Chapter 3 25
Study Question 2: What is culture and how can we understand cultural differences?
environment.
Inner-directed cultures. Members view themselves as separate from nature and believe they can control it. Outer-directed cultures. Members view themselves as part of nature and believe they must go along with it.
Organizational Behavior: Chapter 3 26
Study Question 3: How does cultural diversity affect people at work? Multinational corporation (MNC).
A business firm that has extensive
international operations in more than one foreign country. Have a total world view without allegiance to any one national home. Have enormous economic power and impact. Bring benefits and controversies to host countries.
Organizational Behavior: Chapter 3 27
periods of time. Can be very costly for employers. Progressive employers take supportive measures to maximize potential for expatriate success.
Organizational Behavior: Chapter 3 28
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Study Question 3: How does cultural diversity affect people at work? Ethical behavior across cultures.
Ethical challenges result from: Cultural diversity. Variations in governments and legal systems.
Prominent current issues. Corruption and bribery. Poor working conditions. Child and prison labor. Business support of repressive governments. Sweatshops.
Organizational Behavior: Chapter 3 30
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ethical absolutism.
Multinational businesses should adopt core or
and tailor actions to respect the traditions, foundations, and needs of different cultures.
Organizational Behavior: Chapter 3 32
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learning.
Organizational Behavior: Chapter 3 35
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Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the express written permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information contained herein.
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